lAia8.tlF AeVliKJ'ISIiJ
f
gTATEKIGHTSDEMOCRAT
I w l i M a m cut 1 1 yb.
"4
OLDEST DEMOCRATIC PAPER IN OREGON.
li to
. IK US
ruBUiHBD arinr fbipat, bt
MART. V. BROWN.
It 00
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)(I0 oh
l nut- oo , ui oo
,.! OH, HI) , .1 110 ,13 00. .
i 3 OO! . S 00, 10 0(1 J5 00 I
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Office in parrish s block, first street,
TERMS, 11 Aovaaca l One year, S ( Six
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cents; Single Coplei, 12
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tares or anonymously, must make known their
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BO ftTD W Wetr ouuiiuuuwhitiu..
BUSINESS CARDS.
"T J. C.OIINSKEY,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
jfas opened a first-class tailor shop In Albany,
and widu customers. v,ass,mercs, i;,oms, sc.
speedily made Into suits of the latest styles,
i v8n&tf,
t. 1. oniDUWZTH. I. X. SMITH
: Corrallis. Linn Co.
' CHENOWETH & SMITH.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
t Corvallii, Oregon.
aT-Ornca at the Court Hume. vn2f
I JOHN J. WHITNEY,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR IT LAW
I and Notary Public.
Bpeoial attentions given to collections.
Orrici Up stairs in Parrisii's Brick,
i Albany, Oregon. v3n33tf.
K. JONtl. J. L. Hll
1 JONES & HILL,
PHYSICIAN & SURGEONS
I ALBANY, OREGON.
4 r
S. A. JOHNS,
ATTORNEY AT ;LAW,
... ........ .
ABAirr, OREGON. . I 1
i aworaoo in the Court House.-!
. vanaf. ( i
BOOTS MADE TO ORDER
I .'.A'tkBSlSOSABI.lS RATES AT
rpHY iLI.lT'S SHOP,
S i ALBANY. OREGON.
rWork warranted to (rive satisfaction. K1
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I W.CTWKEDALE,
i , v DEALEB IN
GROCERIES, , PROVISIONS
ToAaeoo, Oigars and Yankee Notions,
5 -f. iTDivv nppjov
T
k. ALBANY, OREGON.
rtrlve to keep oh hands the best of ev
erything In my Une, und to inerlt public pat-
vSnaijl,
V A-W. CJAJ1BLK, M. .,
4 , . , - - . .
I ill Sit I Ai A: SURGEON,
1
ALBANY,-OREGON.
Office on Mnln street, one door west of Weed's
grocery store. Residence at the Into residence
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&n. iaiV,lB74. ' . vOniltl.
, D. B. RICE, M. D.,
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; ALBANY, OREGON,
'HTlcs on Mit'ln striwt, bptwpon Forry and
nroudalbln. ItMldeuce on Thlnl utreet, two
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1 ,v v8nWtf.
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Will practiced oil the Courts in the 2d,
nd 4th -Owllclal Districts; In the Supreme
otirt of .On'Ron, and In the United States l.Hs.
trlet an,CJ roult Court. Otllcc up-stnlrs In front
-noin lu Parfllrs brick $iock, First St.,Alunny,
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i4riCE. Tt doors eart of Conner's Bank.
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i GEO. HELM,
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Wiliprsctlce in all the Court of this State
v f-
it OFFICE; ALBANY, OREGON.
'i Kow. 11. 1870.
f
IL I. BOUQHTON.
; HARRIS fc BOIGHTOV,
?HYSICIArNS 'SURGEONS,
ALBANY, OREGON.
SOT Offlee on Main street, over A. Carothors'
'.ore. lr. Harris's residence, on Fourth street,
xir blocks west oi uoun House, nr. liouj
t'h
iJr. rasldenen. on Fourth street. OUDOSlU
t.e's. vn!4tf.
ST, CHARLES( HOTEL,
CORNER FRONT AND WASHINGTON STS.,
ALBANY, OREGON.
lX LUBOIS. - " PROPRIETOR.
Tblshounow the most oommodloug In the
ltT. Table supplied with the best the market
MiVtrriii. Kren coach to the home. Sale lor
'Miuables. Utttoe ot Corvallls bue Company.
v8nmf.
G. F. SETTIiMIER,
ruggist and Aiuthccarj!
f EALER IN DRUGS, MEDICINES, OILS,
X f Psints, Window Glass, Dyestune, Liquors,
rancy Soaps, Brashes, Perfumeries, &0.
f rtseriptioni Carefully Compounded.
All art eles andj)nigl in our line wan anted
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First street, Post OBee building, Albany.
JuU5v3n4ljl
T ALBANY BATH HOUSE! .
UNDBRSIQNED WOTOD RESPECT
i fully iaform tbe citisens of Albany aad vi
, ;t that ha has taken charge of this Eitalilish-
tat, and, by keeping eloan rooms and paying
riot attention to easiness, expects to suit all
oe who may favor him w.ta their patronage,
irtug heretofore earried en nothing bat
First-Class Hair Dressing Saloons,
e mneoU to aire entire satisfactioa to all.
-Child, en aad Ladies' Hair neatly eat
i A shampooed. JOSEPH WEBBER,
TSnnjtf.
DR. Ci. W. GRAY,
Albany, Oregon.
FICElS PARniBH-S BRICK BICK.
-nroer of First and Ferry slreeu. OffK-e
from a to io'aioek a. a., aad from 1 to a
k r. .
Hiioe : Corner Fifth and Ferry streets.
Wn"t4tf.
Diist,
ML RICHTER & CO.
UNABLE BOOT MAKER!
ALBAXY, OREGO).
ICFfl REAWXABf X AND WORK WAR.
r.ed. RertrfnR wromptly and salt.rac-
,s doae at shone nonce u.
VOL. IX.
SCHOOLMASTER RUSSIAN BAR,
" "When is he expected ?"
"They said he was coming in to
night's stage."
"He taught in Friseo, didn't he ?"
''Yes; I guess he was in .the de
partment."
lhe doctor s wife was an autnonty
on all matters in Bussian Bar and on
this last sensation, the coming of the
schoolmaster, she-, freely enlightened
her neighbor, Mrs. Blunt, a plump
widow, whose minor husband had
died a few months before. There
was not much to gossip about in the
quiet village. The arrival and de
parture of the stage brought the peo
ple to their doors three times a week
and if a stranger was noticed, envoys
were immediately dispatched to the
hotel to learn his name and business
and the probable length of his stay..
But now Russian Bar was to have a
new schoolmaster and the folks won
dered much if he would have any
trouble with Sam Seymore, the butch
er's boy, or Ike Walker, an unruly
spirit who imcl knocked down and
pummeled the last preceptor who
undertook to teach him school dis
cipline. The trustees were powerless
in these matters and declared that if
a schoolmaster was not able to "get
away with tne boys in a square
stand-up fight, he might as well pick
up his traps and leave Russian Bar.
Unthe very evening or the expect
ed arrival, Seymore and Walker, the
leading spirits of the mutinous school
boys, met at a pool from which both
were trying to coax a lew speckled
trout for Bupper.
Have you heard what the new
chap is like, Sam?" said Ike, as he
applied a wiggling worm on his
hook.
"No, have you?"
"Father told Jake, the barkeeper.
that ha was very young."
And smallr
Yes."
I guess he won't stay long in
town, Ike."
I think not, Sam. School ain't
good for us such fine weather as this
The worthies sat and fished in si
lence and then Ike produced a bunch
of cigars and passed- them to his
friend. At last, finding that the fish
wouldn't bite, they shouldered their
poles and staggered up to the village,
pausing a moment to stone a China
man's rooster, which had strayed too
far from the protecting wash house.
rump .Houghton was a school
master from necessity, and not taste.
Jjiko many who had been educated
as gentlemen in one sense of the
word, that is, without the acquaint
ance with any special pursuit that
might be turned to any particular ac
count in the strussle for bread,' he
found himself adrift in California
with nothing to fall back on. Seeing
an advertisement in a city paper for a
competent teacher to take charge of
the school at Russian Bar, he answer
ed it, and was accepted at a venture.
Putting his few movables together
a pair of old foils and a set of well
worn boxing gloves, for Houghton
was an accomplished boxer and fen
cer he bought a ticket for Russian
Bar.
He found the stage driver a com
municative,, pleasant fellow, who, at
his request, described tbe character
istics of his future home. Indeed his
description of the class of boys
whom Houghton was to take charge
of, was not very encouraging. "You
will find them a hard lot," said he,
"and they're all on the muscle too.'
"What is about the weight of my
oldest," asked Houghton, good-hu-
moredly. "You se, if I have to ex
ercise something more than moral
suasion, I want to got posted on the
physique of my men."
VV ell, Ham beymore is about the
strongest."
And what is about the size of the
redoubtable Ike?"
' Well, I guess he tops you by half
a head." .
0, 1 guess we will get along well
enough together," said Houghton;
andl suppose this is the hrstgumpse
of Russian Bar," he added, as a turn
in the road brought them in view of
that picturesque village.
llie etacre rolled along the smooth
road and past the great whiteoSEj
under "whose friendly branches the
teairfsters were accustomed-'to make
their noonday halt.
"I'll set you down it the hotel,"
said the driver. . "There's Perkins,
the proprietor, tSiat fat man smoking
on the porch."
Houghton confessed to himself that
tjie prospect before him was any
thing but a prepossessing one. He
was not of a combative nature, though
he liked a little danger for the ex-
scite&ent, but a game of fisticuff with
a dirty, mutinous boy, had neither
glory nor honor for a man who had
been one Of the hardest hitters in
his eollege.
The folks were all at their doors
when the stage clattered up the sin
gle street, and the slender-looking
young man by the driver was meas
ured and canvassed before that
worthy had passed the mail to the
doctor, who, with his medical voca
tion, also found time to run the post
office. The doctor's wife was at her win
dow, and after a long survey of the
schoolmaster, hastened to communi
cate her oninions to Mrs. Blunt.
Meanwhile Houghton washed off the
dust of the road and took his seat
at the supper table. The driver bad
introduced him to about a dozen of
the leading citizens during the few
moments that intervened between
their arrival and the evening meal.
"How do you like our town, Mr.
Houghton?" asked the landlord, gra
ciously, as he helped his new guest
to a cut of steak.
"Well, it seems a pretty place."
"When you yet acquainted you
will find yourself pleasantly situat
ed; but you'U have hard time with
the bovs."
VSothey all tell me. Anyhow, In
am not unprepared," said Houghton,
cheerfully,
After supper the landlord remark
ed confidentially to the doctor, "that
the young man had grit in him, and
he thought he'd be able to make the
riffle with the boys."
When Houghton arose the next
morning and opened his window to
getthe fresh breeze, odorous with the
perfume of the clambering honeysuckles,-
he felt that ' after all a resi
dence in a remote village, even with
a parcel of rough boys to take care
of, was preferable to the duBty, un
familiar streets of San FrauciBco. He
smiled as he unpacked his foils and
boxing gloves, a little -sadly, too, for
they, were linked with many pleasing
associations of his under-graduate
days.
"Well,". he soliloquised, as he
straightened his arm and 'looked at
the finely-developed muscles,. "I will
stand my own in a stand-up with
these troublesome pupils of mine.
This is my day of trial, however, and
beofre noon we shall probably have
hud one battle out."
The schoolhouse, a raw, unfinised
looking frame building, stood hard
by the river, about half a mile -from
the town. When Houghton opened
the rickety wooden gate that led into
into the school lot, he found a
group of some twenty boys already
assembled there. Among them was
Sam Seymore and Ike Walker. The
lattor's sister, a pretty girl of sixteen,
was leaning against the fence with
half a dozen of her friends, for the
Russian schoolhouse was arranged
for the accommodation of both sexes.
Houghton handed the key to the
nearest boy and asked him to open
the door. With a look'at the others
and a grin on his face, he obeyed.
"Now, boys, muster in," said
Houghton, cheerfully to the boys.
They all passed in Seymore and
Walker last. The latter took a good
look at the schoolmaster as he passed
by. When they were seated, Hough
ton stood at his desk and laid a
heavy rule on the pile of books which
were before him.
''Now boys,;' he said, "I hope we
shall get along pleasantly together.
You treat me fairly and you shall
have no reason to complan, I prom
ise you; Silence and obedience are
what I require, and a strict atten
tion to the matters of our instruc
tion." Giving them a portion of the gram-
more for recitation, he walked quietly
up ana down the room, occasionally
standing at the windows, but appear
ing to keep no surveillance on the
boys. Suddenly the crack of a match
wns heard, followed by the general
titter.
Houghton turned quickly from the
window, and saw the blue smoke cf
a cigar arising from the seat where
Seymore sat.
"What iB your name, boy?" he
asked, in a stern tone.
"My name is Seymour.'' , roplied
the boy, insolently.
-'And you are smoking?"
"I guess so."
"Leave the room!"
"I guess not."
There was a dead silence in the
Bchool room now, and Houghton felt
that the hour oi trial had come.
"Sejmour," he said again, very
quietly." .....
"What?"
"Come here." .
Seymour, putting his hands in his
pockets, sauntered from his desk,
stood within half a yard of- the
school-master, and looked sneering
ly into his face.
"Leave the room," said Houghton
again, in a lower voice.
"No." , . .
The little arm straightened like a
flash of lightning and the rebel meas
ured his length on the floor, while
the blood gushed from his nostrils.
In a moment he sprang to his feet
and rushed furiously at the school
master, and went down again like a
reed before the well aimed blow. The
second time he fell, Houghton
stooped down, and, lifting him like
as if he had been a mere child, fair
ly flung him out of the door. Sey
mour, confused and amazed, stagger
ed down tooths brook to wash his
fgamfreflect on the force of that
slight arm. And Houghton, turning
to the school without a word of com
ment on the scene, commenced the
recitation. Walker was mum. Sey
mour's face had appalled him, and,
in fact, the entire mutinous spirit of
the scholars of Russian Bar was in a
fair way of being totally subdued.
When the trustees heard of the af
fair, they unanimously commended
the schoolmaster's pluck.
"I'll tell you what, boys," said
Perkins to a crowd who were earnest
ly engaged at a game of old sledge in
his bar-room, "that Houghton knows
a thing' or to about managing boys.
He'll fix them off, or my name's not
Perkins."
Houghton wa hospitably treated
by the folks at Russsian Bar. They
felt him to be a man of refinement,
but showins nooffensive superiority
in his intercourse with them. The
doctor's wife pronounced him the
best New Yorker she had ever met,
and the gossips insinuated that the
widow Blunt was setting her cap for
him.
Gypsey Lane, the daughter of a
leading man in Russian Bar, and
made wealthy by a saw mill, Which
all day long groaned and screamed
same distance down the river, did
not express her opinions as to Hough
ton's merits, but in the summer even
ings . when the school master, rod
in band, wandered along the stream
and threw his line across the mill
dam, Gypsey was seldom far away.
Lone, a bluff, hearty old fellow, fre
quently asked Houghton to spend
the evening with him, and told his'
adventures in early California to a
patient listener, while Gypsey duti-
fully mended her father's sock on
the verandah.
Mrs. Lone, when Gpsev . was but
baby, was
laid to rest in Lone
ALBANY, OREGON, FRIDAY, MARCH- 20, 1874
Mountain long before 4jane ever
thought of settling at Russian Bar.
Seymore and Walker were the best
and most' industrious pupils the
young master had and were happy
when accompanying Jum on his fish
inir excursions. In fact they all
agreed in declaring "that she educa
tional department in the village was
a sucoeas. . :,, , , ,t ;
. Que pleasant evening in June,
Gypsey Lane, twirling her straw hat,
picked her way across the broad field
that lay between her house and the
mill. '. . Tbe stream was n winding one,
and .as she placed her tiny foot on the
first stepping stone she saw a straw
hat on the grass that she knew well.
"How is Miss Lane this evening?"
said Houghton, lazily, from beneath
a Manzanita bush, where he had been
enjoying a book and cigar.
"Well,, thank you. How is Mr.
Houghton ?" Gypsey replied, shyly.
"Warm, but not uncomfortable.
Are you going to the mill?"
''Yes, i have a letter that just came
for father." ., , .
"May I accompany you?"
"Certainly, if you choose."
Houghton put on his hat and helped
Gypsey acrosB the brook. "I had a
letter from New York, a few days
ago," he said, after they had left the
first bend of the river behind.
"A pleasant one ?" '
"Well, although in one sense it
brought good newB, still I can hardly
call it a pleasant letter."
They walked . on and Gypsey
swung her hat pensively, longing
with a woman's curiosity, to hear
more about the New York letter. 1
"I am going to leave Russian
Bar," said Houghton, abruptly.
"Indeed, how soon?"
"I don't kuow yet, possibly with
in a week." . '
The hat was swayed from side to
side with increased energy.
"Do you care much, Miss Lane?"
This with an earnest look into her
hazel eyes that were kept steadily on
theibrown parched grass beneath her
foot. . '
"Yes, of course; we shall all be
very sorry to lose you," returned
Gypsey. '
'If I come back in a few months
with something for my future wife,
shall I see this ring on her finger?"
whispered Houghton, capturing the
little hand that held the hat, and
slipping a ring on the delicate linger.
Gypsey said nothing, but her eyes
turned for a moment on the school
master's earnest face, and in the next
moment her soft cheek was resting
on his shoulder.. f '
Russian Bar, to a man, turned! out
to wish Philip Houghton God-sieed
on the morning he took his seal; by
the driver who one year belore ihad
set him down at the Perkins Hotel.
They knew that he was on his jway
to New York, and that he had jjeen
left .some money, and the gossips
more than suspected that there; was
something between Gypsey Xane
and their favorite. At all events her
eyes were red for a week after his
departure. (:
W-uiter had come and the river
was swollen and rapid, and many a
tree from" the pine forest had found
its way to the Russian Bar's- hearth '.
One delicious morning, crisp and
cold, after a night'u rain, ,the stage
passed by the large white oak, and
splashed with mud, halted before
Perkins' Hotel. It had been all
night on the way, for the roads were
very heavy. . .
The worthy proprietor of that ex
cellent house was in the act of toss
ing his first cocktail, when a hearty
hand was laid on his shoulder, and
Philip Houghton shouted:
"Perkins, old boy, how are you!"
The landlord returned the shake
and diving behind the bar had a
cocktail mixed in a minute. "And
now," said he, as he pledged the ex
schoolmaster, "when will the wed
ding take place?" . . ..
Six weeks afterwards the old mill
was hung with evergreen- wreaths
and a grund festival was held at Rus
sian Bar. Gypsey Lane was a lovely
bride, and when Houghton took
charge of the mill and invested , all
hjs New York money, in the village
and was admitted to practice in ' the
courts, things seemed to tuke a new
start. Through all, his Warmost and
most devoted friend was Sam. Soy
more, once tho terror of Russian Bar
schoolmasters, and now tho holder
of that position, ,S'. F. Morning
Cull. - ,
A Vain Secret. A writer in the
Washington iilnr relates the follow
ing anecdote of the White House :
"During the civil war a letter was
received by the State Department,
following a telegraph dispatch from
Boston,-relating in terms of such
conviction and certainty a plot to
undermine and blow up the Execu
tive Mansion, with Mr. Lincoln anfl
all his Ministers, on some Cabinet or
reception day, that Caleb Smith,
Secretary of the Interior, was con
fidentially charged to investigate it.
He sent for a native District and
Union man, known to every citizen,
and asked him if it could be arrang
ed to have some expert mechanic
examine the White House cellar and
approaches, without exciting sus
picion among the workmen. He said
he knew such a man, and called on
Tom Lewis, a reliable master mason.
Lewis took a gang of men, picks,
shovels, Ac, and informed them that
he wanted to excavate for a drain or
spring which made the cellar damp,
had floors taken up, countermines
and trenches dug, nnd informed Mr.
Lincoln, who was not a particle
soared, that he could sec nothing like
the work of Guy Fawkos. Caleb
Smith was much exercised, however,
and telegraphed to his informant in
Boston to write more explicitly.
The man did so, and assured, the
Secretary that there could b no
mistake about his information, for he
Uj dc.rivcd-it personally by tom-
munication with spirits.'
"So mote it bt."
TUEOItV OF UOVKKX.UKXr-UTATs:
AND NATIONAL.
,t " -.-rt- i- '- m ".
NUMBER FOUB.
. Alba', Linn County, Or., )
March lth, J874.
Editor Democrat: , i .
In mv last letter I proposed that
in this 1 would continue tho examina
tion of the subject in reference to tho
exercise of the right ot sovereignty
by the several Stvte8,iii the formation
and adoption ot the J! ederai uon:
stitution.
And in the first place I will en
deavor to remove what seems to
many a stumbling block in the way
of a proper and impartial mvestiga
tion of this subject; a point beyond
whioh too many huve shown An un
williiumess to venture in search of
truth, but at which tllev have been
too willing tefstop, content to adopt
as their theory thaf the Uonstatution
was made and adopted by "We, the
people of the United States." The
preamble to the Constitution is',: the
stumbling block to which' ; I refer,
and is an obstacle too few hae seein-.
ed willins to try to surmount. I do
not propose to remove, but to ex
plain it. It is true - it does read,
"We, the people .oi the united
States, in order to form a more per
fect Union, establish justice, insure
domestic tranquility, provide for the
ommon defence, promote the gen
eral welfare, and secure the blessing
of liberty to ourselves and our
posterity, do ordain and establish
this constitution for the United
States of America." Whilst I am
unwilling to attach that importance
to the preamble that many seem dis
posed to accord to it, I will give it
all the wcitrht the framers of , the
Constitution intended it should pos
sess. They cud not, it seems to me.
adopt it as a part or parcel of the
Constitution, nor did they suppose it
was necessary to the validity of the
Constitution, or that.it was not just
as much a Constitution without it as
with it. It is a preamble to the Con
stitution and no more, and for our
purposes it need be no less. I admit
that the preamble to a statute may
be referred to to construe the statute,
and the same rule will doubtless ap
ply to the preamble to a Constitution,
whiqh is, the .organic law; , but it
would hardly tie adopted as i conclu
sive against the facts of history. But
suppose it is a part of the Constitu
tion, as much so as Article ,' Ot 'any
other one artiole of it, what is- its
effect? What power or right is grant
ed by the States or acquired by the
General Government? Does it create
any1 department of government -or
define its duties? Does it augment
the authority of thepeoqle of the
United iStateu as an aggregate people?
If so, how is that authority to be
exercised? There is no way pointed
out in the Constitution by which the
people of the United States, as one
people, can - act not even in the
choice of a Chief Magistrate. Each
citizen is restricted to the geographi
cal limits of his own State in the ex
ercise of all his political rights, and
he can exercise none then but by the
'miflinrif.v nf tllfl Sljltfl in winch hfi is
rilomiciied and has gained a residence;
so it was under the articles of Con
federation; so it was prior to inde
pendence, and if . the principla of
State rights can maintain the ascend
ancyi so it will ever be in the United
States. We have already soon, by
the 7th article of the Constitution,
quoted in my last letter, that the
Convention did, not intend that the
Constitution should, for its adoption,
be submitted to the people of the
United States at large. It was"hbt
so ordered, nor was it bo, adopted,
but was submitted to and. adopted
and ratified by the several States as
heretofore .-shown the approval of
nine States being necessary to make
it a Constitution at all, and then it
affected only such Statt s as ratified
'it, and embraced no other portion of
the pooplo of the United' Slates out
side of the;limits of the ,States so
approving iind adopting it.
We maybe' able to gathor some
light upon this branch of the subject
from historicaltfacts. Tbe first draft
of the Constitution as reported to the
Convention by the appointed Com
mittees, adopted nearly the Bame pre
antble as that to the Articles of Con
federation, reciting all the States by
name, and the Convention unani
mously adopted the preamble, care
fully preserving and recognizing thus
far the sovereignty of the States; and
a(ter the various provisions of that
draft of the Constitution were discuss
ed and the alterations agreed to no
change being made or proposed in
the phraseology of the preamble
the whole draft thus agreed to in von.
vention was referred to a committee
of five with what power "to revise
the stylo of and arrange the articles
agrced'to by the house." It is manir
fest'this Committee had no power to
change the meaning or sense of any
article in that Constitution, but sirn-'
ply "to revise the styleof and arrange
the matters in proper order." The
Committee reported tho present pre.
amble instead of the original, ' and
why? ' Was it intended -thereby to
merge the sovereignty of the State
into that of the General Government?
The consoli'datioriists seem to regard
such as tho effect of the language
used, but I can hardly think the
memlxrfs of that august body would
feel themselves flattered by uch a
doubtful compliment were they to
hear such a construction given it. If
they had provided for submitting tbe
Constitution to the whole people of
the United States for ratification in
stead of the several States, as provid
ed for in the 7th Article, no violence
would then perhaps lie done to the
rules of interpretation to phico such
a otinstruction upon it.- But the que
tion is asked why the change in the
phraseology pf the preamble? The
reason stiems obvious. One State
wa not represented in that Conven
tion at all, and 'the Convention of
course could not, with their view, of
the right's of the se eral State's, pre
sume to speak for that State; besides,
it was to be the organic law of a Fed
eral Government for only such States
as should afterward ratify and adopt
it, and as it could not then bo known
what States would and what would
not accept it, a preamble reciting the
names of all the States, was inappro
priate. In the light of these histori
cal facts, was it the manifest design
of the Convention to change' the moan
ing of the preamble? Certainly not.
But doesi tUe 'change dhadsr ya the
phraseology of the preamble aotuilly
change . its obvious meaning?. The
Constitution, if odopted by nine
States, was to be the bond' of union
between the States bo adopting it;
then they were united, and the style
"United States" was proper without
any change in the sense so far and as
the legislatures or conventions of the
several States were always elected by
the people, it thereioro became the
act of the people of the States united
by the Constitution, or "the people of
the United States." Thus we see that
really thore is no change in the sense
or meaning, for in the form of rati
fication the sovereignty of the States
was fully recognized; this conclusion
seems irresistible when we look at
the'history of that important Con
vention and the character of the men
composing it. Many of them were
distingiiishedfor tlieir learningas well
as for their patriotism, and they could
not have been betrayed into the grave
error of saying, "We, the people of
the United States," and intending to
be understood as meaning the whole
people in the aggregate without
reference to States, and at the Bame
time and in the Bame instrument
making provision for its ratification
by the Stutes in their sovereing ca
pacity. . ;
Though I have already extended
this letter beyond the usual length, I
cannot close without calling atten
tion to one other matter of vital im
portance in the consideration of this
subject, and a matter too that -seems
to have escaped the attention of those
who attach bo .much i importance to
the preamble of the Constitution as
to rely upon it as conclusive evidence
of the national character of the Gov
ernment. I refor to the attestation
affixed to the Constitution the legal
evidence that it is what it purports to
be and that it is the act of the par
ties certified toby the attestation, and
as necessary to its validity as the at
testation of the Speaker of the House
and the President of the Senate is to
a statute passed by both branches of
the Legislature.. . This attestation
reads,- "Done in Convention by the
unanimous consent of the States pre
sent,-" &c. (not by the consent of
the people of the United States the
people are not named.) It closes
with these words: "In witness
whereof, we have hereunto subscrib
ed our names.' This Bolumn attes
tation of the important act then and
there consummated , signed by George
Washington, President, and deputy
from Virginia, and followed by the
names of all tho members with the
names of the States respectively rep.
rosented, is no meaningless append
age of words to that document,
merely added to gracefully close the
scene, but is there for a purpose; it
is the logal evidence of the act certifi
ed to, and of the parties to that act
and the parties assenting thereto are
the btate).' More anon,
Willamette,
From tho Junction City IKan.l Union)
A BRAVE HAN VINDICATED.
It will bo remembered at the time
of the Modoc war, various statements
were made respecting the conduct of
Capt. Ben. Wright, who whipped the
JiiodocB many years ago. Ihe dis
cussion took so many forms that Ben.
Wright's brother, Capt. John K.
Wright, of this city, published a com-
municatiomn the J unction City Union,
giving a brief and truthful sketch of
his brother s life and death.
We notice, however, that the name
and fame of Bon. Writrht. came up
for discussion in Congress on the 14th
inst. Mr, Shanks, of Indiana, who
is very fond of all Indians, and Mo-
docs i particular, took occasion to
assail the policy which hud been pur
sued toward the Modocs in years past,
and was particularly furious about
tho Ben. Wright "massacrer." He
was replied to by Mr. Nosmith, of
Oregon, and Mr. Luttroll, of Califor
nia, who evidently carried with them
the sympathies of the House.
Mr. Ncsmith stated that he know
Ben. Wright well, that he served
with him in the Cayuse war,' had slept
under the same blanket with nun,
and had eaten with him from the car
casses of the Bame dead horses, and
that "a more bravo and gallant map
and Soldior never lived. Mr. Nos
mith said that shortly after the horri
ble massacre of emigrants by the
Modocs, on Lost Rivor, Wright wont
after the Modocs with fifteon men,
and met in fair fight and whipped a
much larger force of Modocs.
' Mr. Shanks told over the old pois
oning story, and Mr. Luttroll, who
stated that he had lived in California
since he was fourteen years of age,
and in the vicinity of the lava beds
for eighteen years, denied utterly
that any Indians were ever poisoned
by Wright and his men, or that any
poisoning was ever attempted.
Our nnprossion is that Messrs,
Nosmith and Luttroll know more
about the history of the country In
which they have lived for years, than
does Mr. Shanks, who lives In Indi
ana, ar i is a cruck-skulled frantic on
tho superior goodness, sweetness nnd
general lovoliness of the Indian char
acter. All the testimony shows that
Ben. Wright did fight, und it is a
shame that his memory should be
blackened by a wide-mouthed would-be-philanthropist,
who seeks to mako
wiinU out of a lot of dirty, blood
thirsty, howling savages.
' A New York paper thinks that "a
Taparjese youth who bas been to
America is as great a bore as a Yankee
stripling who baa diucd in I'arit,"
' ; V NO, 32
ran arkanmas traveler. .
A burlesque tune, kriown as ."The
Arkansas iraveier, is . exceedingly
popular in the West and South, and
originated from the incidents of the
follqwing story which ard exaete as
related by the author of tbe tune aad
story, Col.' S. C. jFauJkner, -tt . Ai
Kansas: , .,
. In the earlier days of the Territory
of Arkansas,' when 'the settlements
were few and far botween, an adven
turous traveler from one of thti old
States, while traversing the swamps
of that portion of the country, gets
lost, on a cold rainy day, -'in the
Autumn Qf t,he year., After .vi'ander
ing till evening, and despairing Of
finding it habitation, while searching
for a place to cairip', he strikes a trail
which seems to lead somewhere, and
ttko hears in that direction the. noise
pf a fid,dlo,:
' Accordingly he takes the trail, and
soon'discovers ahead 6! him, 'rising
above the timber, a light 3iolmiin of
smoke, iwhich he knows comes from
the cabin qf a squatter, Jl he ( ap
proaches he finds it to be a log cabin,
ten logs high and about ten feet
square one side being ro'ofod, and
the other only half covered with
boards. He also sees the - proprietor
seated on an old whisky-barrel near
the door, sheltered by a few ; boards
which project, from the eavSs, play
ing a tune,- or, rather, the first snatch
of a tune, on an old fiddle,-. ,,,, ', ,'
Aftei" surveying the habitation ' and
surroundings of "cotton-hoad" chil
dren, the traveler rides up to see .if
he can get lodgings, and the follow-'
ing dialogue ensues, the hoosier,
however, still continuing to play the
same part over and over again, only
stoppirig to give short, indifferent
replies to the traveler's queries:
Traveler "Good morning, Hir.",
" Squatter ''How dSe do, sir?"
T. "Can I get to stay all night
with you?" , ' -. y-
S. "No, sir." .,. , . - . .
T. "Can't you give me a glass of
something to drink? I am very , wet
and cold." ' ' '"' . 'J
8. "I drank the last drop this
morning." : ,
T. "I am' very hungry; ain't had
a thing to eat -to-day. Will you let
me have something to eat?". ,
S. "Haven't a darned thing in the
house." . .r, .: i . ' . . -
T. "Then can't you give my horse
something?" . ,,
S. . "Got nothing to feed him on."
T. "How far ia it to the next
house?" :
S. "Stranger, I don't know; I've
never been there." )
f "WfU where does this road go
to?" ,
S. ' "It's never been ' anywhere
since I lived here; it's always here
when I got up in the morning."
T. "As I am not likely to got to
any other house to-night, can't you
let me sleep in yours, and I'll tie my
horse to a tree und do without any
thing to eat or drink?" - 1
S. "My house leaks:1 there's only
one dry spot in it, and me and Sal
sleeps on that."
T. "Why don't you finish cover
ing your house and stop' the leaks?"
S. "It's raining." i ., ' ,
1. "Well, why don't you do it
whou it is not raining?" , .,.
S. ' "It don't loak thon." '
T. "Woll, if yoa have nothing to
eat or drink in your house, and noth
ing alive about your place but chil
dren, how do you do here, anyhow?",
S. "Putty well, I thank you,
How d'ye do yourself?" '
T. (After trying in vain all Boris
of ways to, exact some satisfactory in
formation from him) "My friend,
why don't you play the whole of that
tune?"
S. (Stops playing, and looks up'
for the first time) "I did not know
that there was any mute to it. Can
you play the fiddle, stranger?"' , ,
T. "I play a little, sometimes," ;
S. "You don't look much like a
fiddler (handing him the ticUll.)
Will you play the balance of that
tuno?" . . '
. The travelor ots down and plays
that tuno. ' ,
8. "Stranger come1 in! " Take
half a dozen chairs and sit flown.
Sal, go round into tho holler, whero
I killed that buck this morning. Cut
. ... 11. - , . L . V tLL .1-
on some oi tne nest pieces anu iut.cn
it, and cook it for mo and this'gontlo-
man, directly. Raise up tho board
undor the head of. the bed, aforo you
go and get the old black jug I hid
from Dick, and give us some .whisky
I know there s some leltyet.. JJick,
carry the gentleman's horse around
to the shed; you'll find some fodder
and corn there. Give him as much
as he can eat. Durn me,, rftranger,
if you cun't stay as long as you
please, and I'll give yoii plenty to eat
and drink ' Hurry ,',-old woman. If
you can't find tho butter krtifo, take
the cob-hoitdlo, or granny's knife.
Play' away Btrangorl' you . shall
sloop on the dry spot to-night."
, , , , , e, ,
A Micmoar school-master says': "I
will spell enny man, woniun or child,
in the hull state fur a dicknhinary, ot
kash prieze of one hundred dollars a
side, the inony to be awarded by a
komrntttoe of clergymen or school
duectors. There has been a darned
site of blown about my spellun; now
I want them to put up or shet up..
I won't by put down by a pasBel of
ignarainiiiussos bekoafl X (lilien-with
noar Webster's stylo of spellin.
A young Lady of Lyons; I6wa, re
cently said; "Some men aro alwayfi
talking aboift patronizing their own
town always harping on that duty
and yot thfty go abroad to get mar
ried, while here we all stan(J waiting!
I do hope ('hat some of those men
who marry Eastern women will get
cheated. , . i ,
A Chicaffo nunnr thinks that STerv-
bodv who dies in Milwaukee is sure of
going to a better land. Milwaukee
has an idea that everybody who iive
in Chicago can go "la ' botsr land
witboul dyiDg.
Business notices in the. Local Columns, 2s
cents per tine, each insertion. . .
, For leal aad transient advertfsemerts'K!'.'
per square of 12 lines, for th first insertion,
aud $1 00 per square for each enbsequetit ts-
lertion. . i-:' h
iaVCO8TANCy.'
You iri m swoct and tender namoa.
Am) softly mooth rwy tretinc,
r Arid 11 tht? while njy happy heart ) J
Dcati tlrae to your caresses.
You love me In your tendor way ;
I answer as you let m, - , r
But, ah,! thero cornea another day H r
' The day wltcn yolill fontet '
I know that every flw tlnp; hour
. Ii marked by thoughts 1 bring yoa i
t know there dwells a tiubUo rftwor,
' In tho sweet anoga I hIrr you.
1 do not fear tho ditrkast way, 1 -
.With tfapstMfea, r mi nvs ? & &
, An, no! 1 only drf tho day A -u k
When youcad live without ras. v. i i
,-.."." -;"?'.
And stljl you enll mo tender naracai ,,r.
And sbltly smooth my tresses; , t '
- And still my happy answering heart
BeatettniotbpoiirereKS; s
, Hush I let me put that tuuolj away, : -y.
And clasp yohr hand above mo ;'
i; Oh. IwlllaaktOdlethat 'dairr-. - M .1 '
Tho day you will not tavo mo. ,,. v
!l . :j ... ... . , i . '..
.You ncad not bhecjc tbejthdughta tasjt row:
Wtth darkness wrapt about tliorh. f,
For, gnilng in your1 earnest oye's, J "
My heart can almost doubt them i r ' ,
, ..Yet ush my whispers as you may.,;, , , -f
' -i Such Ohfdlngs do not fret moi ',,
l Ah.nol Ionly feat that day' I ' '
,;. , Jhe clay, when you'll foryolmty ,
THE t'ENTKNMAL BUILDI-VO.
''J
Tite'GenerrU Plnu as Nketched bjr a, tTe
ilt ia pwrpsseid, Bavs a'lady eorres- '
pondent; to erect a building covering'
thirtjf witt, aiid yet so devised that
more than half of. it is visible f,rom,
the centre' at ' bnce un etlect made
evident to the'eyeby aTink rindwliite'
cambric man wherein the lobster-like'
piak projections represent tie ,visiule t
area. ,, Outside this vast building ma,
great pa ralologram; insic-d it is..bro.-j
kem into pillars sixty feci Bcmare.
and such is the arrangement 'of tho'r
roof, in small, domes, thafr each lof '
these pillars encloses au open , Spacer
reaching up to the sky viteelfir bright ,
with grass and flowers ''and musical
fountains. ' Yet the area1 fs so intense
that these enclosed courts appearAonly '
like ordinary pillars. , The igonBral '
plan is of aisles radiating from.; an,(
elliptical contre, . crossed by, othpr,
aisles encircling tho same centre. . v
The outside of the whdle"bdildmg
measures 1,870 feet; tie 'open 'tfpaofv
Inside 1,770 feet.-- .Outside there are i
domes and cupolas, projections and f
embrasures, aiid, crowning all, a
dome of such singular ' construction
that you forget it is 000 feet high,
and notice only that,' instead)
of following the ordinary plan of
domes and settling down' upon the
building with an immense base too
suggestive of solidity to hint of grace,
this one 'is contracted at the bottom, ,
a sort of an irregularly shaped dcta:
gonal globe resting upon one of ' its :
sides aud supported by pillars which i
seem to bind it to tlie , building , bo- .
neath. " Y-ou think of a solidihed bal-,
loon, and then you think itais ' much
prettier than that 'would !b6. 1 Yon'1
are thankful for the'varioty i afc least;"
you are s.ppfcdily in Jpye with this;v-u
riation, and yuu jirp amazed to, be ,
told that the Capitol 'dome might
mount upon itself and will 'peer up-,
ward unayailingly to tlioi crow1 xl 1
this aspiring BUinmit,,,,,, ,, ! ..:;,. .., .
You may easily oxhaust one, uftor ,
another the whole round of favorablo
adjectives in describing the building, '
and find the last circumscribed 1 and '
unsatisfactory.; , The wonder of it lies
in, the fact that it is a temporary buil-
ding; that an architectural pile which , ,
is the gVowth of oges past or 'the pot
of future centuries should'bo all 'that ' '
art audi money can combine to make
it . is ',np great, marvel, : That s.thi
structure neither equals nor resera- j,
bios the world-famous and time-defying
architectural standards' is an evi
denco of its fitness to its. purpose;
moreover, it is American in every r
sense, nhd it deserves the commenda
tion of the people of America. 1 Dr. ' '
William Carpenter .has somewhere
called common sense tho resultant of it
the whole previous action of our
minds', Perhaps this'building might (
be called solidified American'common
sonse- tlie resultant of all the variety 1
of inside force and outside circum- i
stance that for a hundred years h"" !
molded our country into what it is.
- , ' .. , t ' 1 ' "
Acnii'seiciitioiiflSiiriday.Bchool loach
er felt named upon looking through a ;
crack in the fence at seeing fiomo of his. ,
scholars in attendance upon (he trials ot
speed at the fair, nuked one of them if
he did think there wan great waste '
of time at the rapes. ' The youngster n
replied that he, thought "there was l
thundering sight too. rfi'uch time lout . ,
in scoring I" T ' , ' , (
. Mrs.' BrownV widow of "Governor , !
AaroA V. Brown, Postmaster Gener- ;
si during tho nrlmmistraUou of Preel-
dent Buchanan, has' been appointed
regent of the Ladies Mon'nt Vernon1 '
Awioaialiori for the fe'tate of Tennerueo.
She is arelative of President Washing- ,'
ton's family arid uIbo qf President Mktli- l ,
A New English piper states that
Eldor Knapp, the revivalist, deolineot
to go to his dying mother's bedside ,
recently, forUie reason that shewas',
sure of boaven, ixA the audience bo'
was exhorting wan hi danger of dam
nation, v.. 1 1 1 ;'
There is'notfiing ojuite no exhaust
ing to a tillago newspaper man as to'
write up complimentary notice of a'
local exhibition, in which thero are
thirteen performers who design send
ing copies of the paper, to their
friends. ' ,
Their) it a preparation tor coloring
ladies gums a beautiful and delicate
pink, arid the result is asong that is
popular among confidential friends,"
"Gum, oh gum with me." .
, X new styleof boys" browser bni,
been invented ia Boston, with cop
per soat, sheet-iron, knees, riveted,
down the seams( and water-proof
pockets to hold brokea eggs. .
Motto of tho lard msuafacSursf
I'll, try,"