STATE RIGHTS DEMOCRAT
HATES Of AIVERTlSISd.
1 W I 1 M
3 M 0 M
OLDEST DEMOCRATIC PAPER IN OREGON,
1 (10 3 00 fj 1)1) s (io I'li K)
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10 00 15 00 25 00 41) 01) All 110
15 00 20 00 40 01) 61) 00 lull tn
rVBLllllD XT1BT TBIDAT, IT
MART. V. BROWN.
I
OFFICE IN PARRISH'S BLOCK, FIRST STREET.
i
i t xmwo, id AUYinci i una jom,
f jnonthi, $2 1 Three monthi, $1 One month, 60
ivtati; Single Copies 121 oonU.
I Correspondenti writing over airamed aifrna
J tares or anonymoudlT. must mnke known their
t mvn-kia . . a . ci-
BUSINESS CARDS.
J D. II. RICE, M. D.,
Vaysicur: surgeon,
I ALBANY. OREGON,
f. Office on Main street, between Ferry and
flroadalbln. Iteaidenco on Third street, two
, blocks east, or bolow, tho Methodist Church.
. v8m:ttr.
j S. A. JOHNS,
4TTORNEY .rAT ; LAW,
1 ?S!iH?Nr4"oNuTI
i ,Vf. -Om lh the Court House,";
f T8n2tX.,,' " '
W. G. JONES, M. D.
ilbmocopathic Physician,
I jIlbakt, OREaON.
i C Z'3 iAju! ". "
. A CHBSOWBTH.
I Corr.llii.
:. X. SMITH.
Linn Co.
J CHENOWETH & SMITH.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Corvallit, Oregon.
sT-0rricB at tbe Conrt House.
Vu27
JOHN J. WHITNEY,
JTTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW
I and Notary Public.
i Special attentions given to oollocttons.
Orpica Up stairs in ParrisU's Brick.
I A""". Oregon. v3n33tf,
JOURS. I I. l. mix.
JONES & HILL,,
PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS
ALBANY, OREGON.
T. W. UAIIIIIS, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
i ALBANY, 'OREGON. 1,1
i
y Office on Main street, over Turrell's Store.
asldenco on Fourth street, four blocks west of
Court House..;, . vsnlayl.
J W. C. TWEEDALE,
I ' DEALER IN
GROCERIES, PROVISIONS.
1 Tobaooo, Oigars and Yankee Notions,
I ALBANY, OREGON.
1 will strlvo to keep on hands tho best of ev
erything la uiy line, and to merit publlo pat
toiiago. vto28yl.
I J. W. BALDWIN,
ATTORNEY & COUNSELOR AT LAW,
iWlll practice In all the Courts In the 2d, 3d
nd 4th Judicial Districts: In the Supreme
Court of Oregon, and In the United States Dis
trict and Circuit Court. Olllee up-stairs In front
toom lnParrish's brick block, First St., Albany,
Oregon. - vSnlllyl.
'I GEO. R.' HELM,
ATTORNEY AMCQUNSELOR AT LAW
I Will practioe In all the Courts of this Stste.
I OFFICE, ALBANY, OREGON,
t ' Nov. 11, 1870.
ST. CHARLES HOTEL,
CORNER FRONT AND WASHINGTON STS.
ALBANY, OREGON.
V.3 LUBOIS. PROPRIETOR.
f Tbto house js the moat commodious in the
Sett. Tutole supplied with the best tho markat
' affords. Free conch to the house. Buie for
VluL)los. Office of CorvitlligUtage Company.
J G. F. 8ETTLEMIER,
f ?ruggist nnd Apothecary
TV BALER IN DB.MS, MEDICINES, OILS,
Paints, Window Olais, DyestutTs, Liquors,
i. oner Soaps, Brushes, Perfumeries, Ae.
Jmerlptioni Carefully Compounded.
Alt art cles sad Drags in ur line warianted
ftb.e best quality.
firatMreot, Post OSee building, Albany. .1
Mi,lJ - ' d, jullSian8yl
COMMERCIAL HOTEL.
OPBBA BOUSB BLOCK, BAX.BX, OREGON.
MRU. A. 1. BIELY, Proprietor.
This house will be kept In first class order, and
lth attentive and obliging servants.
No Chinese Cooki Employed.
''Tl-am prepared to furnish good nccommoda
Sions to the traveling publlo, and will use every
.endeavor to merit the patronage ol the public,
jiegular boarding at very low rates.
Tree Ooaoh to the House,
f v8nKtf.
ALBANY BATH HOUSE I
fAllS UNDERSIGNED WOULD RESPECT
I fully inform the eitiiens of Albany and vi
hiity that le has iakenicbarge of this Bstablisb
ieat, and, by keeaiag elcaa roouiaaad paying
strict atteutioo to business, expects to suit all
..hose who may favor him with their patronags.
listing baretofora carried en nothing but
First-Class Hair Dressing Saloons,
aineets to give entire satisfaction to all.
4 ar-Chlldien and Ladies' Hftir neatly eut
ndshampooed. JOSEPH WEMIKH.
I T3n33tf.
SOMETHING NEW IN DENTISTRY !
tR. E. O. SMITH, DENTIST,
( " "
HAS LOCATED IN'XIbANY jf": JS
and bas the new tovention CunprVTv
in plata work, which consists in -UXIir
inserting teeth in tbe mouth without covering
haakola roof, as heretofore. It gives the
wearef the free use of tbe tongue to tbe roof of
die mouth in talking and tasting. It Is the
Smith A Purvlne patent. .
, Sr-Ieeta extracted, without pain. Plates
mended, whether broken or divided. Offioe one
door-east of-Conner's Bar.k, upstairs. .
4 U ' ? ' vrn4Stf. t ; r, !
? i .
FRANKLIN
EAT PARKET!
JT. R. HERREN, Prop.
WIU, KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND
th.hMl mMt ttte market" affords, and
ertll always be found ready to accommodate
Miom who may favor him with a call.
:- sviiigheal market price paid for pork.1
f . .. aaViawt, - .
! HILLAflETTE
TRAkSPORTATIDrj COMPANY,
TJROal'aXD AFItK DATE UNTIL FUR-
1" ther aotieo, the Ooespeuy wnl dlspsteh a
boat from Albany to Orrallu on TUb.-UAl
mii RHI1IAY of aaeh weak.
AUa will dispatch a boat from AiLaay for
" Hortlaad and intermediate places on same days.
paving issrwek U wharf.
Fare at reduced rates. J. D. BII.EP,
lBae..lB,.lii;l. ' Agent.
VOL. IX.
ASTOBIA COIinKSPOXDKNtr. i
Astoria, Op., Aug. 18, 1873. 1
Editor Democrat )
Aareeable ' to my promise some
days siDoe, X now take th trouble to
reply, through your columns to one
8tyline himself B in an attempt to
belittle and besmear the report of a
committee to the ."Astoria Chamber
of Commerce,": on shipping, etc I
reply to tbe said review, not because
ol any merit it possesses, but tor the
reaBon that it gives an opportunity to
place before tho producers of Oregon
a correct statement ot conditions as
they exist, and a few deductions there
from. I hare no idea who this review
er is, but one thing is evident, he is
totally ignorant of tbe matter in hand.
Every statement made in the report
is a fact, and the business men of
Portland will not attempt tneir de
nial. The statement that our harbor
is secure, is verified by over twenty
years experience.
The ship, "Windward,'' cited by B.,
as having been thrown on her beam
ends a year ago and disabled, was
riding at anchor nine miles below As
toria, just inside the bar, where there
is no protection, and none claimed.
It would be equally fair to say that
Astoria harbor was not a harbor, be
cause a vessel was dismasted off Cape
Horn, on her passage to the Colum
bia river. Then comes tbe following:
Second: "Hog's Back" formed by ftnnu 1
freshets, at lower end of Cathalmet bay
Dredging useless," ic. The explanation given
of the situation of affairs here assumes that
there is an animal mud deposit, and these
wiseacres uro hasty to presume that dredging
will do no good ; let them wait a few weeks un
til Uncle. Sam's 21 .loot dredger proves the
lalsltyof their statement; as well lor this as
all the other bars named from there to Port
land. Here is what the Committee said
in their report :
About six miles above Astoria, at the com
mencement of Calhlnmet lluy, Is tho "hog's
back," a bar some qu arter of a mile In length,
with ten feet of water at low and elglueen feet
at high tide. This Is the most dangerous point
on the river, and the mostskllllul pilots rarely
stlemnt Its nussago In the niifht. either with
sale or steam. It Is formed of shifting sands,
deposited by the meeting of the tide with the
annual iresuecs 01 inu river, as vuLiuameb
buy Is ten miles long up nnd down the river,
and trom seven toluurteen in width, Thus the
waters ot the river are so spread out that they
lose their force, and the incominir tide washes
the lose sand Into Irregular bars that change
their position Irom year to year, and make
dredging useless. Steamers are nearly always
detained at Astoria, for tide to cross this bar,
and should one arrive here, say at 12 u. when
high water occurred at, lu a. h. sue wouia
have to wait until 11 A. H. next duy. as she
could not proceed on the high tide of t he night.
This bar has been known for years, but
as tho draft of steamers and vessels now com
ingldto the river Is greater than formerly, the
difficulties are becoming more and more ap
parent, . - ,
The above is an intelligent explana
tion of tbe situation, and in accord
ance with the facts.
We have waited twenty-five years
for Uncle Sam's 24 loot dredger, to
no purpose. Shall we wait twenty
five years more ? The gods forbid.
The veracious Committee next set to work to
find out how much more It costs a vessel to so
to Portland than to stop ut Astoria. They as
sume that a ouu ton vessel draws It! feet, which
Is nino times in ten Incorrect. Pilotage & H
per It. each way, Slfll ; tonnage, wnion lor ooui
wnvs overstates the actual chartres by $ieo.
R1U0. This makes 112N, which Including the
mis-statement as to draft is at least $12, exag
gerated; but to the $12(1 they have concocted,
wnien OIU noi seem very large 10 Loom, mey
have added an Item of six duvs' demurrage G
fftio, total There is not a man on that
Commute that can give any Intelligent reason
why Iliac Item was auueu except tout tney
wanted to reach a charke of four cents per bus-
el on that ship's cargo outward bound, which
is mamicguy uuiair.
The average draft of ships, taken
irom the American Lloyds, (compe
tent authority) is, for those between
500 and 6UQ tons, . 17i feet. . For
barks, between 500 and 600 tons, 1CJ
leet. Thus pkoing our statement qf
the average, one foot under the aotu
alitv as is every statement in the re
port. Our . estimate of the cost of
towage, up and down $300, is below
the average for the last twenty years,
as the following shows: .
. Astoria, Oregon, Aug. 16, 1871
The undersigned, .Masters of steam tugs do
ing service on the Columbia river, and Cap
tains of steamboats plying uyon the waters of
the Columbia, hereby certify that the averugo
charge for towing a six hundred ton voBSelfrom
Astoria to Portland and baok, lor the past ten
or twenty years, Is above rather thau under
.1,0, u,', 1M1U 1,, uun u.
KICII. HUDSON, Tug Merrlmnc.
; o. RUED, Formerly Copt, ot John II. Couch.
w. P. tilvAi, lug yanna. i ; . ;
Because B. is writing upon a sub
ject about which he knows nothing, he
assumes tliat every oouy tune equal
ly green. It seems very strange that
a man of ordinary intelligence should
not comprehend the meaning of the
word demurrage. However, it ex
plains itself in the report, for the
charge of $60 per day is made on the
average delay, of the vessel, caused by
her going to and returning front Port
land. I venture the assertion that
there is not a farmer in the Willam
ette valley who does not recognize the
justice of paying demurrage when his
harvest hands present themselves, ac
cording to contract, on Monday morn
ing, and are compelled to wait unlit
Tuesday or W ednesday before com
menciug work, by virtue of his not
being ready. Vessels cost money,
and arc built for service, not to lay at
wharves on expense. , A vessel ot
3,0UU tons capacity, at present rales of
freight from San. Francisco to Liver
pool, during an average passage,
makes $56'2.50 per day. Hence her
lima is worth $602.60 per day ; or
thai should be her demurrages if her
cause, detained in port. Demurrage
on a 600 ton vessel, of course, would
be one fifth of that amount, viz: $112,
nearly double tho rate fixed by our
Committee. - ;
B. then claims fivo cents per bushel
deduction on account of assuming
that there are 600 tons inward freight,
and proceeds to say '
This may all be summed up In these few
words; i lie cost o. .nipfnux irutn r,.,.u,.
one cent greater per bushel, than lr the same
wheat (Astoria facilities presumed to be equall
wos put on bord at Astoria, but the cost ol get
ting ine ania wneat irom rortiaim w w.winw
byoHiep- means (ban In the ship's hold could
uot by any means be lex thnu four flents per
bushclltheO. S. N. Co. 's charges are douldo
that) -, so Portland has an advantage of tbrea
cents per bushel, figure It as you may. . (
The above is simply begging the
qnestion. We concede the entire
proposition, if tie carrying trade oj
Oregon is to be reduced to 600 ton
vessels, as now. But we say Oregon
hu acquired a position v. hero the
mall craft are do longer competent.
Her port must be opea to the ship
ping of the world. Head this;-
The Mlddtaaei ta now at Portland, and will
load on 1. un wheat before dropping Iff
Iminflnlih hr ran-,, ..lain Informed OV
the consignee. And 1 will impart this Infor
mation to the Astoria Committee: The Mid
dlesex of l,tf tons register, belongs to that
class of larger veasels plying on ttala side of
Uio t'acinc wawra, of wnicn lucre are not w hj
tho service. The average ship of commerce
the world over Is less than one thousand tons
register. Ho that the 3,000 ton ahtp the com
mittee lonuiy see lying at tneir wnarve
onlv "Dalrttcd shlos unon the painted ocean"
of their Imagination, and arc in actuaUty as
scarce as sen s teetu.
The Middlesex is a small ship, 1,191
tons register, yet she took; on but 900
tons at Portland, loading Her to if u.
draft, and on reaching the "Hog's
back." trrounded, and was compelled
to lighten 100 tons before getting off
the bar. Proceeding thence to, As
toria she took on 700 tons additional.
After the usual delay of days and
weeks, she received her cargo and
proceeded to sea on the 1 3th of Au
gust, thirty-five days being consumed
in the river, when seven days would
have been ample time, bad there been
a cargo . ready for her at Astoria on
arrival. .
We give a list of one hundred ships,
all over 2,000 tons capacity, and could
give two hundred more, if space al
lowed, but this is deemed sufficient
to prove that B, writes at random:
Name, Capacity is 7Ws.
Alico Buck 2100
American Union ..........21fJ0
Amoor JJJJjJ
A.Johnson ou
Anglo-Indian - 2UW
Annie Klsh -"0
Arizona
Artist
Asia ...
Astarte
Atlantic
2UO0
.......2N00
23110
24110
Atmosphere H ...
.2000
Aurora. 2400
Aurora. . M.....MM.M...2O00
Baltic
...8500
..2200
Beau Ideal 20110
llechardus. , 2010
Belgravia H 2000
Belle Hood 22S0
Hen mere 2000
Berkshire - -2000
Bern ice : 2000
Blanca 2000
Black Eagle 2300
Blue Jacket 2000
British Empire ..- 2000
British Empire -.. 2000
Bunglll S000
Bustal 8500
Kate..
Calcutta 2000
Calhoun , 2S00
California - 2000
Canute 2O00
Caravan .- -2000
Caresbrook Castle - ...2ISI0
Curolus Magnus ....2200
Carrier Dove .... 2400
Oestrian 2iO0
Champion of the Seas....; .....2S00
Chancellor - ...2OO0
Chandos : 2200
Chariot of Flame ...........240O
Chas. Ball ......21100
C. H. Marshall
Chesanoake ......ras,
Oh leu.. 2"00
City of Brooklyn .2400
Cit.v of l.iveriwiol 2000
City of Mobile 2500
Clasmerdan Uv
Columbia 2000
Ultvornew xora
Columbus uxiu
Comp Mnrltlma - 2100
Cond Mareu 2000
Continental 2000
Cora - I'OO
Cordillera ""
O. Orinnell "
Corsica 2000
Casmus - "uu
Criterion - 2300
Cultivator - ..24O0
Cynosure 2100
liuuam
Daniel Webster. - 2300
Davy Crockett 2300
Denmark 3WI0
Donald McKay ...3o00
Edlnburg 100
E. A. Bright .200
Ellen Austin 2.V0
Kngland , - - 24 00
E. K. Dumas ; , 2700
J. E. Hamilton. - 2000
Jamestown 2700
J. Boyce - o""
John Bright .4000
King ijear
Loretta Klsh - 2K00
Mistress of the Seas 2400
Morning Light 81
li..,.ru. 24'S
Norway -3000
Orient ...........
.2400
aax
2KI
2400
2100
2100
.., .,..,,...8000
24011
.......2400
Ked Jacket
8. C. Blanchard
St. John .....
Mt. Murk ,
Ht. Nicholas
Samuel Straits
Tornado
Washington .....1..., ,.2-tOO
Webster. .'. JM0O
White Star.... i .8200
B. next attempts to refute the state
ment that a large ship can carry wheat
on a long voyage much cheaper than,
a small vessol can, in tbe following
strain: ' '. - ' i-
That process of manipulation which enabled
the committee to add an Imaginary Item to an
already overburdened truth-sum, was also In
voked to prove that a 8,000 ton ship could carry
wheat from Astoria to Liverpool for 20 cents
per bushel cheaper than from Portland ; by the
..ma aiinllenllon of rules n 6.000 ton shin could
undaunted..,
carry for 40 cents less per bushel ; and ft slgnl-
lies nothing.
I give below exactly what the Com
mittee did say, and what is a full and
complete Brfay of the faots, thuB en
abling each individual reader to judge
for himself as to the comparative cost
of freight in large and small vessels:
A ship of aOOO tons Is worth .......1120,000
Interest, at 10 'rl cent, for i months (av-.
- erage passage) 4.000
Innnrnnee at 12 CCUt 4,800
Depreciation at 10 9 cent 4,000
Captain, three mates, steward and cook,
lo0, 76, 00, M0, 40, 40 4 month.. 1,890
Twenty-lour seamen at $26 month 2,400
Stores lor voyage, 80 men at 60c i day... 1,800
. PORT CUAIIGS In ahtoria.
Pilotage and towaue. 28 feet. 8u$10.....
Stevedores' bill, 3U00 tons (at 40c 1,200
Dunnage 200
l'urt stores, etc 200
Pilotage and towage, 28 leet wtlO... , 230
Hlovedorcs' bill, 8000 tons (424e 760
Harbor fees, tonnago dues and. dockage ' 800
Port stores 200
, . l.fVKHITml. chaugeh.
Total expense ..,..............W.....S 22,406
CONTRA 1
By m tons 16... $45,001)
Expenses deducted 22,400 '
Balance
.. $ 22,510
A ship of 1000 tons is worth $
fni.pe.l. ut III 31 nercent... mid Insurance
60,000
at 12 ? cent., four months .......... 4,400
Depreciation ut 10 J cent 2,000
Wages, vl month, lor captain, bi.tu, two
n.A,u. l:t, u.u.,,1 f.1. aiid l-i sea
men at $25 each ...,,... 2,540
Stores for l men at 50c 9 day ................ tfoo
Pilotage And biwuire. HI feet $8ei,$10....'.. 160
PiiuT rlUHnMI IS AHTttKll.
Port stores and dunnage 200
Stevedores' bill, looo tons (3 60c.... . . 600
I.tVERPOOI. CHARIJKH.
Pilotage and towage, Ml foetaj. $Hf ..........
ti,... ...I, 1,111 ,,u hnrlwir lines. Um-
i nage, dues and dockage....:......:.. 680
Port stores....- ...........-.,....... ; loo
Total expenses ..
.....J$ 11.7SS
CONTRA I
By 1000 tons at $15 .......$1VI
Expensoa deducted................... 11,780
Balance - - 8,241
Or. a dividend ot 10 per cent, on
cost of the larger ships as against 5
per cent, on that of tbe smaller. Or,
to reduce both to 5 per oent., the
3,000 ton ship will carry wheat to
Liverpool for over a third less than
tbe 1,000 ton vessel ; that is 29 cents
against 45 cents per bnsbel. And to
this the ost as above figured, inci
dental to delays and river expense of
4 cents per bushel, and it gives a net
gain of 20 cents per bushel tn favor of
Astoria as as an exporting harbor, ana
the employment of snch vessels as ean
safely cross the bar, over the present
arrangement of Portland and smalt
vessels. Twenty cents per bushel on
the estimate.! arort of the Bute for
1873, viz : 5,000,0011 bushels, givas tbe
snug Utile sum of $1,000,000 that tbe
farmers should have for his labor
Tlie above figures are all substantially
correct, and tell their dwn story.
ALBANY, OREGON, FRIDAY. ; OCTOBER 17,' 1873.
The great mass of the Earth's pro.
ducts we admit, are carried in smart
vessels, but it is because they are in
terchanged between neigboring porta
short voyages only necessary. But
tbe commercial reports of all nations
show ' that when long voyages are
made large ships are employed in or
der to promote economy ol trauspor
tation. The passage from the Col
umbia; river to Liverpool is three
fourths of the distance around the
World, and requires, as above stated,
the largest class ot vessels.
Every farmer well understands the
proposition when brought home to
him in an every day transaction. I1 or
instance, here are two neighbors, hv
ing twelve miles from their shipping
point. The one bas a large span ol
horses, and. a heavy wagon, and can
haul seventy bushels of wheat at a
load, making the trip in one day. The
other has a small team ot horses, and
a light wagon, and can haul but thirty
five bushels of wheat, and make one
trip per day. Is there any difference
to those neighbors in the cost of deliv
ering those 2,000 bushels ot wheat to
market? They readily perceive that
the one is 28 days occupied, while the
other 66. There is the same relative
difference in the cost of carrying wheat
from Oregon to Liverpool, or other
distant ports, in large and small ves
sels.
By careful inspection of the ship
ping registers, we find the average
draft of all vessels now in use, ranging
between 1,000 and 1,200 tons, to be
20 feet, and the average of all larger
ones 2li feet. While a thousand ton
ship is full larger than can reach Port
land, or any other point above Asto
ria, loaded, on account ot depth of
water, a vessel of 3,000 tons can
always come to Astoria, whatever the
stage ot wiuor. thus, with a point
higher up on the river, the export trade
must forever be carried o" in small
vessels, while from here tl "Tipping
of the world majr r .-eights.
To prov- v ina it is
but nee .lebth ot
water . m Columbia,
abor ..... " ;re ia the fol
lowing named ueplhs of water at the
points mentioned at high tide:
Walker's Island. 10 ft. forHmlle below Rainier
Carr's Woodyi.nl " " " above '
Kulnnia " " H "
f Helen 17ft.forX "
Mouth Wll'm't " " " ,
Post Office . 18 X "
Bwan Island 17 ' X "
The channel is often crooked, and
difficult of navigation, and the bar at
the mouth of the Willamette river is
subject to annual deposits of sediment
from back water of the Columbia.
It is well to add right here, that the
Committee gave each of tbe bars
named, the benefit of the fractional
foot, tbe water being less by trom six
to ten inches than than is above given.
This settles the question, that deep sea
vessels cannot go to rortland.
. 13. next attempts to show his wit,
at the expense of the committee and
endites as follows:
I now eopy from their manifesto the follow
ing choloe gems of thought : "Again, deep-sea
vessels never like to leave tho salt water ; coas
ters are willing to steamboat it, but largo ves
sels avoid steamboat grounds. In fact tho un
derwriters do not allow deep-sea vessels to ven
ture from their natural element at will." If a
ship 8 natural element Is water, It Is too true
that they never llko to have a shin leave It, ns
then they always haveinsuranoe losses to meet
but the statement In gross above extracted, is
untrue in every particular. : - ....
The above puerile attempt at witi-
cism is not only flat, but ia purely
without point. 1 he committee s state
ment is this. "The underwriters do
not allow deep-sea vessels to venture
from their natural element at will, A
wayfaring man though a fool, can
read as he runs, and see that the
phrase "national element," retors di
rectly back to deep-sear or salt water.
Being agent for the Now York, Board
of Underwriters, and having some
knowledge of these matters, I corrob
orate the oommittees's statement; and
say farther; that every policy written
on a ships bottom contains restric
tions relative to tho entry of shallow
bays, and tbe crossing of bars, which
virtually prevent long-legged vessols
from navigating where there is not
always a greater depth of water than
the deepest draft of the vessel. Not
only so, but the navigation of such
rivers as the Columbia by large craft
is effectually barred by tho rulings of
the courts ot Admiralty , and the de
cisions of all boards of trade. . For in
stance, by the memorandum in the
policy, the underwriters are not liable
for partial loss, on the articles enu
merated, which covers most commod
ities, unless general average, or the
ship be stranded, It is not every
touching or striking upon a fixed body
in a sea or a river, that will constitute
a stranding, "As, where, in the prog
ress tin a river harbor with a pilot on
hoard, the vessel took the ground for
eight hours, and next day again took
the ground, and again a third time,
when about to discharge her cargo,
when she lay on her broadside two
whole tides, and her enrgo was dam
aged; this was held not a stranding,
but what occurs in the ordinary navi
gation of tips river-harbor. (Mearne
vs Edmunds I. B.B.SrjH), And where
a vetsol entered a tldo-harbor, and
was moored in a place pointed out by
the harbor master, but taking the
ground on the ebbing of the tide, she
struck on some hard substance, which
made two holes in her bottom, and
the cargo was-damagod; this was not a
strand in i, the vessel having taken the
ground merely throogh the ebbing of
the tide, and in the very piaco . wnere
it was intended she should, (llings
ford vs. Marshall, 8 Bring. 45H).
These things are known to all intelli
gent ship masters, and ship owners,
and understood to mean, that if their
vessel grounds on our bars, and sus
tains, partial damage, the underwriters
are not held, lleuec, high tantls at
way rule to or trom, pons inland on
shallow stream. Then wo get this:
"Again I quote : "The striking of a veasel on
any of tho bars of the river, even if oolniiiiedl
au, damage Is Ulse.veivd, Is sulfli-lent cause Ut
render null nnd void U.e policy of rnsuranoa,
should hetak In cargo slid proceed to sen
uriihit iwln out on the drv-'loek and having
her bottom examine.), tthould a aolp be loot
under sin-ii elnaim'tii fiees na a oojiur i iu.ur
ariae could I collected on the vessel," As.
1 he above I deem U, be untrue In every (.(artic
ular, as the canes are numberless wh. re shlj
and t -men have stuck on our u,u,l and sand
bars and nusuch formula was required ofthem.
as 1 know Ut certainty, and having pointed
out so many misstatements of the Astoria triol
am free to doubt this in tuto." . ..
The proposition made above by our
committee in so purely in accordance
witb common sense and the rulings
already quoted, that it would seem su-
fierfluous to add more. may say,
lowever, that during an experience.
reaching over several years in iew
York city, in daily contract with un
derwriters and where the Stranding of
vessols on the Jersey flats frequently
oceurs, I never knew a vessel 'which
had been ashore, to be allowed to take
in cargo and go to sea without first
being hauled out on the dry dock. It
is a requirement never passed over,
alwaysenforced. The same rule holds
iu tho navigation of the Columbia.
The supposition is too absurd to be
seriously entertained by any man of
intelligence, that a large ship, worth
say one hundred thousand , dollars,
after floundering on the bottom, be it
mud, or what uot, tor hours, or days,
would be permitted to enter upon a
voyage nearly around the world, with
valuable cargo, and lives aboard with
out searching to ascertain if serious
damage had ocen done. The under
writing business is precarious at best,
and the strictest rules have to be en
forced. No competent ship master
will say that our statement is not in
accordance with the established facts
in tbe premises. Common prudence,
indeed, demands the enforcment of
such rule, or law. The last fling at
the Astoria "trio," ia relative to their
estimate of the number of vessels that
have crossed the Columbia bar dur
ing the past twenty-one years. In re
ply thereto I simply say, we have
made our report, and stand to tbe text,
simply referring Mr. B. to the custom
house records, our source of informa
tion. Now, Mr. Editor, it may be that I
look though a glass darkly, but it cer
tainly seems clear to my mind that I
have treated fairly, and answered in
full, everv oueatiou raised by brother
B. and that each point has been fully
established. , And permit me to say,
that should the author of B.'s com
munication have anything farther to
offer, lot him do it like a man over his
own signature, that we may know
whether we have such stupidity in the
rauksof our business men, or whether it
comes from that other souroe of mer
chantable buncomb, that is always
ready tor a fee, to spread false asser
tions, and swear to them. .Besides, it
is more pleasant to know whether one
is shooting at a mark or at vicinity.
Just a word more to the farmer. You
all understand better than I can tell
ou, that since the first kernel if wheat
was exported around cape Horn, from
the Pacific Coast, Oregon has sold her
wheat at prices rangiug from 20 to zo
cts., per. bushel less than our neighbor,
California. Whyr A Hundred thou
sand bushels of No. 1 wheat afloat at
Astoria is worth as much as a similar
amount afloat in San FrauoiBoo. The
sailing distance to Liverpool, or other
European ports, is no greater, and the
time oonsumed in the voyage is no
more. As large vessels as go any
where cau cross the Columbia river
bar, and the insurance is now no more
than to San FrancisoO. The costs of
pilotage and towage to Astoria is no
more than to San Francisco: Port
charges inside, much lessi Then why,
yon repeat, do Oregon farmers not get
California prices for their wheat? ' We
have just been endeavoring to explain
why, in answering, B.'s communica
tion. In one sentence, the inuer bars
of the Columbia river are the cause.
To-dav tbe farmers of the Willam
ette have it in their own bands to
force the dealers in grain to pay the
true value ot their wheat. . Uowr liy
uniting in one mass and placing your
surplus at salt water, where the grain
dealers can reach it without delay.
Wheat ean be boated from rortland
to Astoria for tbreo coots a bushel, free
of wharfage or other expense in Port
land thus cutting off about 20 cts ex
pense to which you are now subjec
ted. But I have already been too lengthy
in my remarks, and must stop short,
though the subject is uot half exhaus
ted. Yours truly,
. , '. ' A. S. Mkrcer.
Hanoixo a Juryman. On Wednes
day last, says the Ht. Louis Times, a
cose was being tried beforo 'Squire
Summers and a jury which had been
up once before and bad resulted
in a mistrial. While the clerk was
swearing the jury in for a second at
tempt, some one happened fo remark
aloud that the former jury had been
"bung."
"Vat." says Johann Kaufbold, one
of the jury elect, "Churies get hung
here, neinf
One ol the lawyers gravely said:
Yes; that happens sometimes." . .
"Whot." said Johann. "I don't go
on dat ohury, yot pet; I goes to mine
bouse, and if you vant cburies to
hang you gets 'em vero you can, ain't
it!" And Johnann bounced off,
while court, lawyers and spectators
were convulsed witlt laughter. ,
Suicides. A writer in a French
medical journal, who bas examined
about 900 judicial accounts of sui
cides in Paris, thinks himsolf war
ranted in assuming the following
conclusions: Philosophical, or pre
meditated suicide, takes place usual
ly during the night and little before
day break; accidental or unpremedi
tated suicide, takes place during the
day, because it is then that the
occasional causes arise, such as
quarrels, bad news, losses, intemper
ance, ke. At every age. too, men
chose particular modes ofommitting
suicide. Thus in youtn ne nas re
course to banging, which be soon
abandons for fire-arms; in proportion
as vigor declines, or old ago ad
vances, banging is generally the
mode.
Disappointed in love, Miss Dorcas
Knowles, who has only been sovonty
one short summers in this short
world, committed suicide at Hamp
den, (Maine.)'
WHY YOUNG MBN TONOIIE AOKlCl'L-
. i ... Tunis.
A large proportion of the young
men oi iuis oounlry have no love tor
agricultural pursuits. : This is true
enough in the Eastern, States, and it is
atViLitirrlv' Wi,a ili ' f Inl'.fn.,,:. ' fl...
reason lor the aversion Which prevails
here is that no effort has bpen made
to render agriculture attractive. In
fact, most young men. are not taught
that it is possible to make the results
of intelligent agriculture more satis
factory in the long run than any other
pursuit, They are not made to un
derstand hpw a dull plodding business
can be redeemed and made one of tbe
most attractive pursuits in tbe world.
In whatever way wealth is acquired,
it does uot comprise much mora than
the comforts and luxuries of a good
home with some leisure for books and
travel. ".
: But in agriculture we have strange
ly dropped out the idea of a good
home. Nine-tenths of the farmers'
hoiries on this coast fail to inspire a
single desire in young men for any
thing of the sort. Here and there
may be found an attractive home
stead. . But the primary truth that a
young man ought to choose agricul
ture because he can early lay the
foundations for a desirable home, and
that from first to last he can bring all
his skill aud scienoe to bear in profi
table husbandry, in adorning a home
stead and in the gratification ot the
most cultivated tastes (his truth is
rarely enforced. The young man's
idea of farming here is a dusty plain, a
farm house little better than a shed,
hired mea sloeping in blankets,
stowed away in oul-houees, hard
work, and doubtttil results. Just this
ideal is realized in many instances
so many in faot that this is taken as
standard farming. The youhg dislike
it and turn away to any pursuit which
will attord them a precarious living.
Practical agnoulture involves bard
work here, as everywhere else. But
there nover was a country where so
much could bo aooomulished in that
Hue by resolute and intelligent young
men who are willing to put muscle
and brain into agriculture for what
can be got out of it. There is not a
treatise extant on larmmg which is
adapted to this coast. We have. on
almost endless Variety of soils and
climates, The seasons are unlike any
east ot the Kooky Mountains. In the
place ot frost which Iocks up the soil
for six months in the year we are
comforted with rainless weather, and
are slowly learning how to turn this
to the best account.
Suppose a young man, resolute and
intelligent, starts out with the purpoto
to make agriculture his life-long pur
suit, and to confine his energies to
such s moderate area of land as he
may call a homestead. Hu will not
become rich rapidly. But doing his
best and never losing sight of the fun
damental idea that ho is to make an
attractive home, and that all efforts
are to center in this leading purpose,
what ought to be the result ot his first
ten years' labor? His three or four
hundred re fenced, aud aross-fenoed,
gates alt in the right places, a grove
of hard-wood trees well set and grow
ing, good put-buildings, a farm-house
well built and lurgB enough for guests
and a growing family; water utilized
for irrigation and doinestio purposes,
tho best breeds ot cattle and sheep
in short, every accessory ot intelligent
agriculture, inoluding a library that
never stops growing.
Now, modest as these results may
be. has not this man had a suooessful
oareer ? How many in qther pursuits
arriving at-middle age have bad fewer
lips and downs or have come out bet
ter than he?' If he had found leisure
to read, and has applied the result ot
his knowledge to his pursuit, he ho
been a growing man all these years.
If he has some cultivated tastes, is
there any bettor sphere tor there In
dulgence than in tbe life of a oounlry
gentleman? The tact is we have
shown .young men the ugly side
of larmmg. Naturally enougu tney
hate it and run away from it. Let us
do something to show them the higher
possibilities of such a lite, and we
shall find a hotter account F.
Bulletin,
A. T. BTKWAllTs 1100,000,000, .
Wealthy men are often credited
with greater riches than they possess,
and frenuontly. after dilligent in
quiry into their resources, find that
they have set too high a limit to their
possessions. It therefore rarely
happens that a man astonishes him
self with his own wealth; yet a little
of it attributes a bit of this amaze
nient to Mr. A. T. Stewart. It is
probably generally known that Mr,
Stewart took steamer for Europe last
week. It is not generally known
that before bis departure he made a
will. Prior to making this will it
was thought advisable to preparo
Hchedule of his real and personal
estate, with its valuation.' Upon the
completion of the schedule much to
the sururis of Mr. Stewart, and to
the greater surprise of bis friends, it
was found that ho was worth one
hundred millions of dollars. That
any American citizen should be
possessd of so great wealth almost
surpasses belief, but the truth of the
foregoing statement is wen auinonii
cated. ,iV. Y. Hun.
Tn ft Western State, tliore was 00'
oasion, in a suit before a justice to
require security irom two persons in
behalf of the plain tiff for the cosU of
nrnseriiiHnir the action, and it was
agreed by the plaintiff's two counsel
that they should both sign themselves.
The senior did so, and turning to his
junior, whose reputation through the
enimtrv war that of a iollv. clever.
impecunious fellow, who never paid
anything, remarked; "Now, !., iU
v,ir turn " 1). looked at the naner.
and then in a quizzical way shook his
bead and remarked: "No, on the
whole I guess I won't dilute the
security.
What do moustaches become in
eVitably? They must ashes become
NO. 10
, THE STATU CAPITOL.
The following are the remarks of
Governor uppn the occasion of the
laying of the , corner-stone of . the
State CapitoJ building. They make
a very comprehensive statement .of
the character of the building to be
erected, its cost, the amount of work
done, amount aud oharacter of the
materials used and money expended.
The information embodied iu the
Governor's very short but very full
Bpeech will be received, no doubt,
with great satisfaction by the citizens
of Oregon, who have a deep interest
in the subject. The building is o
credit to Oregon. In the seleotion
of materials and expenditure of
money, the most excellent judgment
and praiseworthy economy seem, to
have been employed. The manner
in which the construction Qf the
Capitol is progressing is creditable
to the State and honorable in those
having control of the matter. It is
to be hoped that the building will
continue to its completion in the same
satisfactory manner in whioh it has
been commenocd and has thus far
progressed. The Governor said: '
In opening the ceremonies of lav
ing the corner-stone of the Capitol
of the State of Oregon, I.Will make a
suocinct statement of What is pro
posed and what is done.
Ihe size of the building on the
ground will be 2C4 feel in length, by
75 feet in width, with projection of
wings 100 feet. The basement story
will rest upon a solid stone founda
tion feet in thickness and 8 feet in
depth below the table, resting upon
a solid hardpan of indurated clay.
Above the water-table is a basement
story of rustio brickwork, 19 feet in
the vlear. Above this, approached
by broad exterior flights of steps to
the first floor, riss the two main
stories, 75 feet high, to the eornice,
with projecting porticoes and columns
on four fronts. .
The main central dome rises 180
feet from the ground, two ventilating
towers above the end projecting rise
over the two main Legislative Halls,
to the height of 120 feet from the
ground.
An ornamental balustrade runs
around tbe whole building on the top
of the main cornice, with the excep
tion of the roof projections over the
porticoes.
The interior is divided appropriate
ly into Legislative Halls, Supreme
Court lioom, Exeautive Chambers,
offices and rooms for the Secretary of
State, Treasurer,. Library, Cabinet
for the State Geologist, and various
Committee Booms and other sub
offices, to be oompleted with all
modern improvements and appliances
for water, heating, ventilation and
drainage.
The building will be finely lighted,
and will present an appearance of
elegance and solidity. , 11
The structure has, thus far, been
carried forward by the use. of 3,000
perch of rough stone; 4,()U0 feet of
dressed sandstone; 1,800,000 brick;
3,000 barrels of lime, and 600 barrels
of oement. , ' : , "
The oost of material and labor to
the present time is $45,000, gold,
economically applied.
Tbe brick have come from tbe
Penitentiary yard, and tbe lima and
sandstone from the Douglas County
quarries, which are of first class
character.
All the work, as far as possibla, is
to be constructed of Oregon material
and by Oregon labor. The coBt of
building will be ball a million
dollars. ' , Vi 1
The ceremonies of laying the cor
ner-stone, will now proceed according
to tbe Ancient Masonio forms.
From the Kobomo (Ind.) Tribune, Hept. 10.
AN INDIANA KPIIOU IS HOT-A WOMAN
IN 1'HM VAHK.
On Wednesday, of last woek, the
quiet town of lrankfort had a real
sensation. Mr. Meredith is tho edi
tor of the Banner at thst town, and
Mr. Douglas is clerk in a store, while
the wile ot the latter is a milliner, do
ing business in an up stairs room.
For quite a while jvir.lt. had suspi
cions of his wife and Mr, Meredith.
Mr. M. informed Mr. D. that he in
tended to call on Mrs. D. with a viow
to getting a "local notice." Mr. D.
then informed his wife that he was go
ing to the oounlry, but instead he
went to her room, in her absence, and
fot up through a Icnttle into the attic
'hero ho remained, iu waiting. His
wito came iu, and soon . afterwards
Mr. Meredith. The two talked over
the good times they had on a clandes
tine Western trip, rehearsed the faots
about how they wore "tooling John
ny," (that is Mr. D.) and were having
a good time generally. All of a sud
den, there was a pistol shot and
creams. Mr. D. fell down from the
hole ahoyo, and with pistol in hand
pursued his wile but was prevented
from shooting her by porsons who
heard the uoise and intervened. Mr.
Moredith didn't run. lie was shot.
The boll passing through his wrist,
entered the left breast, secreting itsell
behind a rib, whore it had uot been
found by the doctor at last accounts.
The wound is dangerous, but not nec
essarily fatal. Meredith has a tamily.
Tho effective fores of the field
army in Java witb which the Dutch
Oenoral Van Uwieton is to undortake
the new campaign against the Sultan
of Atchin amounts to 17,000 men.
Thn army is composed of 14,000 in
fantry, twenty-one batteries of artil
lery, three companies of engineers,
and a cavalry regimeut. ; All the
oflicors are Europeans, save . a' ybrv
few of the suh-lieutenahts; but about
one-half of the men are natives.
llook-keoping may be taught in a
losson of threa words Never lend
them,'
Business notices in tbe Local Columns, !li
cents per iuc, each insertion.
For legal and transient advorttseaiei'U $2 50
pcr.souaro of 12. lines, for !b first insertion,
and$l 00 per square for oath lubseiiuittit ip.
sertion. '
CvCSAUISK. '
Under the above head many of the'
newspapers and public men of thin
country and Uurope are discussing
tne proDauiuties oi a relapse of our
republic into wait- of a- military
autocracy;' and jpany express the
opinion qf those in Eujope with great
satisfaction that our republic is a
failure, and is on the eve of disso
lution. , ,
In proof they point to the facts
that the rights of the states are', novf
utmost entirely lost sight of in our
national legislation, and that ,there
is a rapidly growing tendency iu
everv department of our government '
to centralization; that the people, in
their eagerness to reward our suc
cessful generals, have given the ad
ministration of our government into
the hands of inexperienced and in
competent men into the bands of
men whose eduoation and habite
tend to make them favor the central- '
ization of power, and which induce a
degree of contempt for the rights and
just demands of tbe individual.
In view of the faots oitod it is well
worth while for Americans to inquire,
whether we are unconsciously drift
ing from the landmarks which our
liberty-living forefathers established..
If so, is it better for us that we are?
In fine, dees tbe happiness and well
being of the people depend upon
maintaining the federal goverment,
whioh we "believe contemplated as'
fully as any government could that,
the individual should have that
largest degree of liberty consistent
with pubiio order? , . .
The question to be answered
nho.il we give up that form of govern
ment fur another, which may hava
some advantage in point of strength?,.
we think should be answered in the
negative. We must got back to first
principles to the points from which
we have drifted during and since the ,
close of the last war, It is a long:
road to travel, ond unless wo soon '
commence to retrace our step's we
may never get back. The present
political uprising of the people all
over the country, regardless of party.l
considerations, and the coming to
gether and the working together of
tnose who have been so long separa
ted by Btrongly drawn party fines,''
indicate that the people are begin-'
mng to appreomte the dangers:
which threaten the republic. It in
pleasant to contemplate that some- '
time we will have the return of tho
good old dnys, when slatexmtm BliaH
fill our halls of Congress, and when
presidents shall be selected who Lavs
studied the history of governments,
and the rise and fall of republics to
some purpose; who will feel that tliis
government is instituted for the bene
fit of the governed of the. toiling
masses, rather than the few whom
fortune favors, and who will Book to
administer its affairs in snch a wuy
as the greatest good will be duno to
the greatest number. ; .
AN EFFECTIVE! CI RIl OB CERTAIN -
Itmrv.
The New York Tribune pictures,
vividly and truthfully the degradation
which has pome upon the country.' ?
Wp qominond, it .to our readers as j
matter no less grave, than disagree-,
able, and one that must soon coinpet. '
some prompt and effective remedy or
accomplish ,the utter destruction of,'
this Government and the reduction ot'
society to anarchy or despotism. , ,1,'ho,
Tribune says: ' ';
Distinguished pubiio mun.'Keprtf-' '
seutives and Senators in Congress,' i
have had the effrontery to Bland up in -Congress
and before thoir constitu- .
ents , aud undertake to defend ns,
shameless a broach of pubiio trust as
ever was thrust iu the faze of a docont
people, and instead ot'n hot outburst'
of indignant denunciation, there . has' ,
been only a sort of sick-nt-tho-etomacli
turniug away from the low-flung Boll
Booking gang; rascalities have been' ;
developed iu all parts of the Govern--ment
that should keep our prisons more
than full wero justice dono; legisla
tion has been bought and sold, ond
corporations have, in tho most delib
erate aud unblushing manner, bought
seats in tho Senate tor thoir retained '
attorneys; the Legislature has become
a market place, and the pulls an arena'
for violence and bribery ; and wo set
tle down to our lower standard ot,
morality, our debasing tendencies and
constantly deteriorating moral sunso
with complacent cnlinuess as if to tho
natural and inevitable. . ,
How far shall wo lot this numbnnns
of perception, this utter deafness to
all sense of shame, carry us? Grant- ;
ed that in the fierceness of our money-
getting passion wo inayputcousciuiiuu '
out, of court entirely, and saerilico
everything to the main chance shal I
we stop at that?. Or are wo to have,
sitting at our Hearths as household
gods all shames and crimes? lias
dead and buriod decency no resurrec
tion? Who and whero. is thu Hoar-'.,
thinking statesman no, not states
man, common man overy-day man
hard listed, rough and hearty, but
honest Way down, truo to wile and.
family and h: own manhood, who
will roll away tho stone from tlio sep
ulchre of pubiio virtuo? The timo
calls out for him. The country wails .
his coming'. A nation bowed down
with shame, brought on it by Us trust
ed' sorvaiits, with its f'aco in the dust,'
prays in its anpuisn lor some convul
sion that shall rend tho heavens and
purify the air. "
The most practical lover has been'
discovered. In one of his loiters to
his sweetheart he wrote: "I wish,',
my dear, that you would not write
such long (otters to me, I! you wero
to bring an action for breach of,
promise agaiust mo, the lnwyoin .
would have to copy the correspond-',
once betweou us nnd .charge fonr
pence for every folio of seventy-two'
words. , Tho shorter tho letters, th
more we shall save from tho lawyers.".
Matrimonial -It is not good for
man now-a-ditya to offer bis ham! if'
there is nothing in it.