RIGHTS
VOL. 1,
ALBANY, LINN COUNTY, OREGON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1805.
NO. 10,
STATE RIGHTS DEMOCRAT.
ISSUED EVERY SATURDAY,
15? ALBANY LIS'X COUXTY, OUX.
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CSriSSAX. NOTZCSi
.V
Correspondents writing ever nasoined Mgnaturw
or'OMnvra.winty, canst ranks known thir- prupet
names to the Editor, or no attention will be given
to their communications.
All Letter aal Commnnieations, whether on
bnibws or fot pisbik-atkm, ho)i be addressed. o
th Editor.
. Anecdotes rectus,
Pliny tells the misfortune of Nonius, who
wan proscribed by Mark Antony for the sake
of his famous opal, bnt who, sooner than sur
render his treasures Valued at 20,000 sterl
ing, went into volontary exile. The story
told by the same writer of Cleopatra's wagvr
withihe triumvir, that she. would spend up
rm single dinner a wm cqnivalent to 1,
000,000, is better knoxm, The Queen was
accuatomed to wear m her cars two pearls, 1
and when her lover ridiculed the banquet
thatliad been YrpParK as toq expensive,
she thref one vt these into a vessel of
etronfrest vinegar, dissolved it and drank it
off. , The other was to have followed, but
the empire, by declaring that Anto.ny had
already lost the wager, preserved it ; and af
terward, on the conquest of Egypt, it was
sawtvSa two, to make pendants in the ears
of Vcnys in the Pantheon, Mr. King re-,
produces this story to discredit it, and as
rtrei bs r,a fcid tho stomach can endure is
capable of entirely dissolving a pearl, even
after long maceration. - The wily queen, he
sarm.iie?, swallowed the pearl in some more
ftgrceaUle potation than vinegar and, ia or
dor to sai?ii It wager, invented the fiction
of its dissolution, secure of its ultimate re
covery. T But there was nnoUjor fea4-f nw
rivaled magrsitade, to which a romantie tale
attaches. - This was the gent obtained by a
diver at the price of hi3 life, for the Sasaani
an kiu Peroses, So prized was i by. the
xaonarttt il;r,t it occupied his thoughts even
n 2&t;v, : la the sopreme motaeat of his
fate, when ebont to perish in the pitfall into
Vbich he had hem fojtrpped by the fwT(4
retreat of the enemv. he plucked from his
rssUt ear this glory of his reisa and hurled
it before hiwi into the abyss, deriving com
fort even ixm fro in hfjvin cheated th foe
of what wouli havft ben considered tho most
rlorious trophy of their victory. In late
times, whea the diamond had snnnlantod
the perl in public estimation, we hava the
storv cf that known as the Saaov. the historv
whk !?,- generally eoofoandol with that of
jnarii ae iioia, is nere correcuy giyent
This famons stone was one sent by by its
ewaer: ' Sa'aeur de Saner, to Henry IV
wkj Tastoi tj raise a loan on it. - The corv-
f&it Id whom its transmission was entrustetl
ras bept by robbers and murdered. I " is
maeter, however, recovered the corpso; and
coottibs CTKa the expedieata of his faithful
e ivvy, of i,si U and bad the satisfaction ef
i: ." r .i t i " ' t
Hiwxuig lucre in nis joss ireasure. ijuum
parte rv to- esid to have foe ruled his for
fan.es upva a diamond, for, after the J&th
3CraaiIi-e, it was bv cledffinff the celebrated
U recent'1 he procrtred the funds indinpensa
ble for the eonsoUuUbn of his power. The
fincha- of this stoao, a slave, ia said to have
OQncealod it ia a cash made for its reception
idtscalfcf his leg. nd have escapel to
Madras. I ere he foil m with an English
skinner ' who, by the promise of finding a
port aser ia eonsideratioa of reocivins
is inttj of what was to be realized, lured him
fey board sliin, and there disposed of his
claims by pitching him into the sea. It af
terward came into the possession of Govern
or Pitt, to whom, however, it mast have
been a source of fearful anxiety, for we road
he never raadg known beforehand the day of
jus eonucg in tawn, nor iept twice consecu
tj?e!yiatfaa seme houso until 1717. when
he tllsposod of eis barrasinjr possession to
toe repeat
oi Urlcans.--LIj0n,Jn A"16"
i'a cxDiK. liriek Pomeroy gives
the following in his pf,pcr
A family in towa have been missing stove-
wood for soiaetkno pa.t. On the return of
c&e kI the members of the familyy a few dys
eiuce, tie case was stated, and Sunday night
a very pretty stici of fuel was left with oth
ers on the wood-pile. In the stick wpre two
ounces oi r"TS"lor. for safe keotiinir. Mon
day the suck was there Tuesday the stick
there, and tbs ktjgh was getting on tbe man
&o fixed it. ' Aircdaesday morning the stick
ys g-ms. - Wednesdays forenoon an xplo;
wvn i neard vx a ho as.' close by, &Bd a
kitchen -window was rparcd r.o partes ! - On
going to the srt, a tight might have been
.-.ti. 71c s;ore tad j3ined a piece, confer-
enr
th?c
A kf-r's of pork and cbbagQ shot cp
tie roof luce an arrow. A dish, of
' " on the stove, jgave the ceil
- - cf a map of California, A
- ; c.dar the stove, went through
4 t
eL,
cr a
a vs iJ w, as though after the dev.
7. Tiie cat has not been heard
t a em ell of brnt eat hair
-e very thoroughly 1 A flat?
into a pan of dough :a
.3 1' , the wood-box looks
.. j rxf of tifi house looks like a
.u c "T.T lics, The occupant of
h thunder naver comes
re, cr Ifjsi jhiuW rod jy tarn i"
"-.'. Jit v
, r. and other mjjnstrates of
i-t, Lnplaad, bare eommitted a
. - 7", .-.rs of age to prisoaftwr 14 days,
rl ...I- r, for ivlatkiag a handful'of
- :-e Tt'.se f 2d. '
-Or
ivaT'oeh, fjrmer!T of Bortmi,
;"4, is now IWilcnt of Ot-
yhntkm lately establioh-
TIII3 COIVSTITUTIOIV.
The Trn Interpretation . of Vr
tttla Terms n Applied bjr the
Founder ef the CouNtitutlon.
As there is at this day much coutrover
sy and difference of opinion as to what was
tho real intention of the fiamera of the
Constitution in founding our republican
systeut of government, and as to the in
terpretation they put upon certain terms
usecUby them, it may be well to seek for
information at the fountain, head, to learn
just what it was they meant to say and
establish, and just what application they
gave these certain terms. The following
extracts will quite plainly give this need
ful information. ' They are deriied from
the framers of the Constitution, and from
hUtoiioal and autlveutic records :
STATES.
The word State, Bays Mr. Madison,
sometimes means territory occupied by a
political society; eometimes tho Govern
ment Tcstablished by that society ; eome
times the jHwple composing that society
in their highest sovereign capacity. It is
used in this last sense when it is said that
the State, or States, ratified the Constitu
tion or acceded to the Constitution. The
people ratified the Constitution as the act
of the State. Thus each State, acting by
itself, and for itself, ia Convention, be
came a party to the Constitutional com
pact. It should be added, that tho term
State replaced the term colony, which was
in uso before the Declaration of Inde
pendence. The States made the Declaration of In
dependence, each State acting for itself,
and each State becouipg "free and inde
pendent." The States formed the arti
cles of Confederation, each State still re
taining its sovereignty as to all that as
not delegated.' The States formed the
present Constitution. " The Convention
which formed it, was called by a portion
of the States j its members were all ap
pointed by the States ; received their au
thority fVTt tho separate States; voted
by States in forming the Constitution,
transmitted it to Congress to be submitted
to the States for their ratification ; it was
ratified by tb,Q people, of each State in
Convention, each ratifying by itself and
for itpelf, and , bound excl4vely by its
ow ratification, ; an,(J by oxpr&sa provis
ion it was not to go into operation unless
nine out of twelve States should ratify,
and then binding only between the States
ratifying. Afiy four States, great or small,
could have defeated its adoption."
Roger Sherman and OIiTer L!lswoi4h,
in their letter to Governor IJuntington,
meet vim inc approDauon oi ine several
States, and be a means of securing their
rights, and lengthening out their tran
' . . , . t.? - f I
quility. -
The btates retained their sovereignty
for the reason that it was not delegated
to the Constitution, In the case of the
Bank of "Augusta rs. Larlc," 13 Peter s
Reports, p. 590, it was decided by the
Supreme Court that the " rules of interna
tional law apply to the States tWer c,and
the Chief Justice declared that they are
sovereign States. The Constitution Yfas a
Federal compact, dona in convention, by
me unamniuus
, , - - " il. . Oi-i..
present."
Judge Chas, of the Superior Court of
tho United States, in Dallas Ivcports, p.
loy, says : l consmor me i;cciarairon or
IndependeBce as a declaration, not that
the pnited Colonies jointly, i a collective
capacity, wee lqdependet plates, but
that each of tqcra tww a Tjxfcpt&tfv
State" - It asserts the separate and indi
yidqal independanca, freedom, and sover
eignty of each of the thrteeq States. Ape
treaty with Qreat Britain recognizes the
sovereignty of each state by name
. t UNITED STATES.
This term replaced the term " United
Oolonios, on the Declaration of Indepcn
dence. The use of the term United Col
onies did not annul the separate distinct
tive rights of the Mates, whether betore
thq adoption of the Articles of Confedera
tion, or after the adoption of the Articles
of Confederation, or after the adoption of
the Federal Constitution. The word
" United," used in these four different sets
of circumstances, does not imply that the
Colonies or the States were one people, in
tljq sons in which a Colony or a State is
one, but only that the several Colonies be
fore the Declaration of Independence, and
bf g-",-. y.ifi-. ii
the Articles of Confederation, and aftsr
their adoption, and after the adoption of
the Constitution, nnital for certain pit r-
poses and in certain respects.
In the minds o; t!je iramers and rriends
of tho Constitution, the plural idea was
the ruling idea in the uso of the term
u United States." Tho term was equiya
lent to tho " States of the Union." Thus
General Washington, in his reply to Corn
planter : " The United States desire to be
tie frtend4 of thp Indiana. 5 The Unit
ed States wU bit true and fuitliful to tiieir
engagements."' - - "
Bat in the minds of foreigners, an
thoaj ignorant of tho structure of our
Government, the singular idea is attached
to the term. They sometimes say, -H the
United States u able to tate care of itself.
In the Convention of Virginia which
ratifjed the Constitution, Patrick Ilanry
objected to the words," tVe, the people
of the .United States," lest it might be
supposed that it meant the inhabitants o:
au tea atai-s-m one uomogeneous mass o
aggregatay Bat Mr." 3Iadison 'replied
".The parties to it are to be the people
bat not tlie jxopje a composing on great
soctetg, but tnc people as copipoeing pur
teen soveretmttet. . 4-ha aacession fir
adoption wa3 the separate act of the peo
ple of each. State- And ths articles at
the 6nd are declared to be "done in Con
vention by? the unanimous consent the
fcutoa present. ,
- . - PEOPLE. ;
This term was used in apnlication to
tli iudividuala who composed cparat
Lolony or a separate State. The gool
Hiople ot these Lolonles, meant the good
people in the several Colonics. It meant
those for whom tho
dolegutcs eoycrallv
tve-tod, and U did not mean those people
in the-asreresrate. The several peonies
represented in the Convention acted by
their respective delegates. Thus, the pco-
le of Connecticut acted for themselves
by their delegates Roger Sherman, Sam
uel lluntiusjtou, William Williams, Oliver
noleott. In the Articles of Confedera
tion, the following phrases are employed :
" among the people of the different States" y
and the people of each State"; "their
wn people," that is, the people of the re
spective States. jft the Constitution the
word "'people" is used only for reference
to the inhabitants of the several States, or
portions of the same, and in no case for
the collective inhabitants of all tho States
in the aggregate. It ia applied to those!
who are accustomed to net together under
State authority, at a particular time or
lace, oU to portions of them. Thus,
The powers net delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited
by it to tho States, are reserved to the
States or the people," (that is, to the peo
ple of the states.) In the phrase, " e,
the people of the United States," there is
an equivalent for wc, the people of New
lampshire, and the people of Massachu
setts, Jcc. The articles of the Constitu
tion was a compact between the States
ratifying the same." The " style" of the
-ederal Lnion in the new Constitution
was borrowed from the old, namely, the
Articles of Confederation, and has the
same meaning.
The reason why tho Constitution was
submitted to the jeople of each State, and
not to the several Legislatures, was be
cause it was apprehended that the latter-
would oppose it. Said t uson : " I know
that they, the Legislatures and the State
ofliccre oppose it; I am for carrying it to
the people of each State." The ratifica
tion wa9 the act of each State, and not of!
the ledejal uoTctnaient, which then had
no existence, or of the aggregate people
under that Government
Massachusetts, in Convcntfop. in rati-
ring the unew Constitution," speaks oft
;ie rights ox tho people," that is, the
people of the several States; and also
nses the language, " in the name and by
the authority of the people of this Com
monwealth." 'Thc freedom of the peo
ple," was understood to mean the freedom
or the rights of the States, or of the peo
ple of the States, in distinction from the
granted rights or powers of the Federal
Government,
CONSTITUTION'.
The pcopio of the Colonics were under
the British Constitution.
rtiRttnmoTrTrTramed"ruT043 by
thq Colonics of Massachusetts, Plymouth,
Connecticut, and New Haven. It was
composed of twelve articles. The first
fixes the name, "Ipo United Colonies
of Now England," Second : " The said
United Colonics, for themselves and their
posterity, Jq jojntlv aa4 severally cutcf
into a firm and perpetual leaque of friend-
ship and amity, for offgnca aqd ' defence,
mutual advice and succor upon all just
occasions, ior tneir mutual satcty ana
general welfare."
Besides State Constitutions, tha neopla
of the Colonics, when they became " free
and independent .States," through their
Legislatures tormed a Constitution under
which they could act for specific purposes
set forth in that instrument. This was
familiarly known as " the Articles of Con
federation," though it was also denominat
ed the Federal Constitution," in popular
language, in tho acts ot tho btates, and
in the Convention assembled to revise it.
Thus, Massachusetts, in the appointment
of delegates tg the Convention which
fanned tha " aew Constitution," usoa the
term-" Federal Constitution" as equiva
lent to "the Articles of Confederation.'1
It was solemnly ratified by all the Leg
islatures, and declared to. tu oF perpetual
obligation. " And the Articles of this
Confederation shall be inviolably observed
by every State, and the cwton shall b
perpetual, ... Nor shall any alteration, at
any time herealtcr, be made in ' any o:
them, unless such alteration be agreed to
in a Congress of the United States and
confirmed by tho Legislature of every
State.". ... .
It 13 not strange that Luther Martin
should express the following reprobation
of tho violation ot iederal obligation by
forming a new Constitution m lb
" Will you tell us that we ought to trust
yfr you now enter into a solemn
compact with us : ' J. his you have done
before, and now treat with the utmost
contempt..- Will you now make an appeal
to the Supreme Being, and call linn to
guataptco your observance of this com
pact ? The same you have formerly doue
for your observance of the Articles of
Confcration, which you are noxy violating
in the most wanton manner. The same
reason which you now urge for destroying
our present r ederal Uovcrnment, may be
urged for abolishing the system, which
you now propose to adopt."
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. '
The word Federal is derived from the
Latin word AxdnSkh Icaruo or ompack
Qurs is a 1 ederal Government, as appears
from the recommendation . of Congress
1787 ; " Resolved, that in the opinion of
Congress, it is expedient that, on the sec
ond Monday of May next, a Convention
of delegates, who shall have beet appoint
ed by the several States, be hpid at r nil-
adclphia, tor the sole and express purpose
of revising the Articles of ; Confederation
and reporting to Congress and tho severa'
Legislatures, such alterations and provis-
ions therein as saau, wnen agreoa to in
Congress and confirmed by the; States
render the Federal Constitution adequate
to the exigencies of the Government and
tho preservation of the . Union." ; ' With
this the commissions from tho States to
the delegates -corresponded. ; So intent
were the Conventions upon making
Federal and not a consolidated Govern
menfc that. t the motion 'ot. Mr. Ells
worth, the tcm V National .Government1
was by an unanimous vote struck out from
the Constitution, and mstead of it the
J" Government of the United States" was
substituted. It is In its origin and na
ture Federal, having been framed by the
States as parties, and dcpend'uis? for its
existence on the a off on of the States.
Tho letter addrosicd to Congress by
icorge Washington, 1'resideut of the
Courcntion, and agreed to by that body,
by paragraphs, speaks of the h Federal
Government of these States,' and not of
National Government. The word Fed
eral indicates that the Constitution ia a
compact between the States. The term
Nations! fjroveruuient is used in a pop
ular sense.
THE PERPETUITY OF THE UNION.
Was the, New Confederacy or Union
xpectcd to be permanent ? The Union
of the old New Eugland Colonies eetab-
ished iii 1&43, though suloiaiilj declared
in the Constitution to Le " porpetuaL"
was aissoivcu. lue union, under the
British Constitution, of the Colonies with
the mother country, which was supposed
to lie organic, ana ciaimeu to ue perpetu
al, was dissolved. The Union formed by
the Iederal Constitution, or " Articles of
Confederation and Perpetual Union," and
watch was in that luetrument solemnly
declared to be perpetual, was dissolved.
as the new Union, like those three
nious, expected to be dissolved and
pas away 1
The States were familiar with the idea.
that " Governments derived their just
powers from the couseat of the governed,"
nd that " when any form ot Government
becomes destructive of the ends for which
it was established, it is the right of the
people to alter or abolish it, and institute a
now Government, Uy an article in the
new Constitution, " the ratification of the
Convention cf nine f-tates shall be suffi
cient for tie establishment of this Consti
tution between the Slates ratifying the
same ; thus justifying the doctrine, that
ine States might secede from the remain
ing lour, notwithstanding the article in
tho oJ4 CongtituUon,, pamcly, st- And the
Article of this Confederation shall be in
violably observed by erery State, and the
Uuion shall be perpetual ; nor shall any
alteration at any time hereafter be made
in any of them, uulesg such alteration be
greed to in a Conprcss of the Uuited
States, and be afterwards confirmed by the
Legislatures ot every btata.
In the new Constitution there is no
t . . o - .
declaration that the Union shall be rer-
pctual, no promise on tho part of the
States to abide in it, and no power dele
gated to the Federal Government to retain
them in it by force. V ill they stay in it?
Many of the Fathers had their fears
and misgivings. Even Washington hard
ly dira 4o lade into, tbe future. " TjOt ex-
pcricncc," said ho, !' solve tho Question.
o look to speculation in 6ueh a case were
criminal," lie evidently feared to reason
on tho subject, lest tie. should bo carried
to the conclusion, tlat the Union eould
not bo preserved, however, much he
oved it. '
John Adams expefted a dissolution of
the llniiin. Tn nmnf r.T
Jefferson in a lettcr,! December 13, 1803
rciaies ine ioiiowing1:
" The Key. Mr. Coffin of New Enaland.
who i? now here soliciting donations for a
Collcgo in Greene cotnty, Tennessee, tells
mo that when ho nr determined to en
gage in th8 fintcrpriso, he wrote a letter
recommendatory ot the enterprise, which
no meant to get signed by clersrvmcn. and
a similar one for persons of a civil char
acter, and at the head of which he wished
to have iur. Adams pot his name, he be
mg President of the United States, and
the application going only for hii name,
and not tor a donation. Mr. Adams, af
ter reading the paper, and considering.
said he saw no possibility of continuing
the Union of the States ; that their dis
solution must necessarily take place ; that
he tnereiore saw no propriety m roconi
mending to New England nien to promote
an institution in the South : that it was
in fact, giving strength to those who were
to De their enemies, and therefore he
would have nothing to do with it
Ihe Blessed. Blessed is he who does
not make a cent, for he will hav no income
tax to pay.
Diessoi is tuo paid headed man, for his
wife-oannot null his hair.
: BlesseltVilje homely man, for the girls
shall not molcnt him ; yea, thrice blessed is
he, for when ke asketh a lady to dance, she
shall answer him, saying, " I am engaged
for the noxt sot."
Blessed is he who polisheth. hU booU ond
hot his morals, who makcth the outside of
his head to shine, but ncgloctcth tho inside
therof, all tho girls shall rise up with smiles
at nis coming ana can him Deautiiul.
1 OOn .jta
lilessed is tho man who has no brains
but brass in abundance, for he shall be the
ladies' lavonte. behuil
Blessed is tho man who eiveth rnanv and
costly presents to youug ladies, for great
shall bu his reward in a hoin.
Blessed is the Digger Indian, for unto him
no man presentetlm subscription naoor.
'iiesseu is me uoinaman, tor when he is
asked to eontributo to a M good cause," he
he answeroth saying, (3Ie no sabo," and
straigntwny tne pnnanthropist leaveth him
and John goeth on his way roioicine.
j J?lessed is the negro, for to him bowoth
r?nwn all ''Ha wbitn trni:!," rP t.n
11 . . Wi ULC LUUilU V
Badlt SNCBBED.-rJhe San Francisco Ex
aminer relates thp following ; " " " '
it is wnisnerea on mo streets that, liena
Ilalleck and McDowell are not on the verv
best of terms ; it 19 even said that If alloc!
snubbed McDowell palpably 'on tho occas
sion of the pp enactions for tho funeral of
the late J$rig, Uen. wnght. Readers wi
remember that Gen. McDowell issued
order for thp military to join in' paying the
last tribute of respect to the gallant dead.
and fixed Friday as the day. ; In issuing the
order he did not deem it necessary to con
suit with Gen. : Ilalleck When Gen. Dal
leek saw the order he went to the office
Col. Drum, McDowell's Adjutant General
and asked by whose authority it had been
issued. The Colonel replied that General
McDowell had ordered the funeral. - " Is
buo another order,'' siid General Ilalleck
" postponing tho funcM to Saturday.- Tell
Gen. McDowell that he is expected to act as
onoot the pall-bearers on the occasion.
ihe uay was changed and McDowell was
pali:bparer.
Prom Ihe Late Fenian (State Con.
vrnllon ot California to Irish
men and fn i'rirui of Ireland
on the Pari lie t'oawt.
Fkixow Countbym en : We have ar
rived at a most important point iu ouror
ganizatioo. The conspicuous position we
occupy before the cirilized world, devolves
upon us duties, to the due discharge of
which, eery energy we posBcss must be
devoted. The pie ib cast, and come
weal or woe, we must abide the haxard.
The issue is in our hands. If wc are dis
creet in oouncil, resolute iu action, and
inflexible in purpose, the object of our
organisation fihill assuredly be achieved.
The day of action has come ; are you
ready to take your place and perform your
part 111 the great work T Ihe Irih race
everywhere, bet especially on this Conti
nent, have ioag prouiited to devote to the
redemption ot Ireland, when summoned
by the call of true patriotism, every effort
in their power to mate, ihe call has
been made by the voice of those known
to us as competent interpreters of the will
of Ireland. Away, then, with doubt and
and hesitation, aud ."pring to your posts as
ou would to the defense of your dearest
interests. You are called upon to aid
reland in the struggle which will absur
dly be made, as far as you may consist nt-
ly with the obligations you owe, and glad
ly reeognite, to the laws and interests ot
. WW ...
ho great jtepuMio ol which you are
members. No true Fenian would refuse
his life to guard and perpetuate the bless
ings which the Government of the United
States confers on her cititens. nor will
ny true American refuse to you and our
kindred iu Ireland his sympathy and sup
port, while seeking to extend tho?e bless
ings to a people whose sufferings under
oppressive, tyranny has passed into a
roverb. Ihe enemy with which Ireland
is about to grapple, late experience has
taught our fellow-citiiens, is tho perfidi
ous enemy of human liberty and republi
can institutions everywhere. It is a sa
cred duty, therefore, to aid, with all the
means the laws under which we live per
mit, those who strive to trample that tyr
anny in the dust and raise up a sister
tepubiic iu the fair but torloru Isle ot
the West,
Wc, it may be, cannot offer our blood
in the hallowed cause, but we can give ef
ficiency to those by whose arms the fight
Y e can cheer them with
our sympathy and furnish them with
weapons of defence against the power of
tho tyrant. lo the survivors of those
whose blood will be shed, wo can afford
tho means of a worthy vengeance and of
exacting from the enemy the debt so long
due. In this coufliet it is not to be con
cealed that tho honor and character of
the Irish race are at stake. If any effort
mado by our brethren in Ireland shall fail
or the want of material aid it is our duty
to furnish them with, then shall we re
ceive and deserve the scorn of all cener
ous men. it the hrave and resolute
shall be impelled to rush with naked bos
oms on tho steel-clad phalanxes of the en
emy, while arms and munitions to fit them
for the fray could be procured if funds
were forthcoming then shall we rightly
be adjudged accomplices id the blood of
our brothers, and freemen will pursue pur
memories with bitter hate.
In tho name then of God, Freedom and
NatrvUNLand, roufe all your energies to
this grand design. Prove to mankind that
the spirit- that animated our Enimctg,
Tones, llussels, Fitzgcralds, and the count
ess hosts of martyrs in tho samo cause,
ives to-day in all its purity and uncon
querable vital force. Let not their blood
which cries to Heaven and to you for ven
geance appeal is vain. Let not those
the fearless and faithful of your kith and
km, who await your promised aid be
without the power to fairly encounter an
adversary so powerful as is the enemy to
our race.
The task undertaken by Ireland is one
of stupendous magnitude. One of the
greatest powers of the earth is to bo over
come before her triumph is obtained. Op
posed to her is a gigantic power and al
tho resources wealth commands. W 0 musi
enable her to meet them, and to this end
we must organize and work mdcfatigably
until every man on this continent who
sympathises with the struggle shall nave
proven his devotion by more han words
Be active, therefore, in your separate
Circles. Let each week show an .acces
sion to your strencth. Confide undoubt-
ingry tn the discretion as weu as ine pa
triotism of the Head Central authority
whose views you are called upon to car
ry out.
Wherever there are ten irishmen wno
can moot together let a Circle be formed,
Neglect nothing, however small it may
appear to you ; let nothing that industry
can accomplish, or energy supply, be
wanting to render our success certain and
victory complete. And oh, fellow-coun
trvmen. reflect tor a moment, wnat inai
victorv would ensure ! The disgrace of
the past and present atoned ior, ana ior-
ever obliterated. That wonderful pros
perity which was Ireland's during her
brief era of semi-independence from 1782
to 1800, renewed and augmented a. Hund
red fold : white-win "ed commerce crowd
ing her. deserted harbors ; her hill-sides
pounns: m abundance the mmerai weauu
with which thev teem. ' Her hundreds of
streams that now run useless to the ocean
frottins themselves to foam against the
thousands of wheels driving the machin
ery of enriching manufactures r-the hum
of contented industry filling the air, and
the cheerful songs of labor making vocal
the echoes of her hills and. valleys. Those
poor-houses, or half-way halting places to
perdition, no longer needful, turned to
seats of learning or marts of industry.
The honest tiller of the- soil reaping the
crop he sows. ; The cabin and tho sheel
ing supplanted by comfortable homesteads
held by freemen. . Pauper and peasant
forever , erased from bur vocabulary, and
the Irish People in their stead. The
triumphal column erected, and on it in
scribed tbjC names of freedom's martyrs;
around it, in reverent homage, a people
emancipated from the sectarian hell
gates engendered by foreign rule and oli
garchical ruffian ihin. Yes, the victory is
worth working for, and, if needs be, worth
dying for.
"And ti fir tbi we tLluk and toil, and know
ledge lrise to glean,
That we may pull thu Eogluh Rod be-low ihe Irish
Green j
And leare her tons sweet Liberty, and smiling
plenty reoJ
Above the land once dark with Mood Taa Gaxxa
abutx tbs Bed."
JOHN HAMTLL, Chairman.
D. L. BLAN'CliARD, 1
T. M. DUFFY, l
ED. McPORLEY, JCwnatttoe.
1. O MKARA. J
Approved: M. C. SMITH, Piwmlett Central
Council.
Sllaeeseaation la a Female College.
There is a college for the education of
females ia Poughkeepsie, Y., which
has been splendidly endowed by its found
ers. Of its usefulness the highest hopes
hare been entertained by thoee well-wish
ers of women, who desire to enlarge the
circle for the employment of their time
and talents. But the conduct of the per
son who has been selected to preside over
it promises but badly for its prosperity.
n a recent pamphlet to the students
there, he talked to them in this way :
God i gathering on this continent, in this
brood domain of liberty, the elements of a
ew and glorious nationality, meaning out
f many ra-cs to mould one new race, more
rich, and strong, and admirably endowed,
than any that hare been ; and, among the
rest, He has brought the negro."
Referring to the fancied purposes of
the Almighty, in the formation of the
new," " more rich, and strong, and ad
mirably endowed " race, the author of the
amphlet goes on to say 1
Then must we ceaie, my brethren, to fight
in opposition to His purpose cease to build
our petty dykes against the tidal current of
Uia providence cease to demand the rejec
tion of one ingredient from the composition,
because we do not like or comprehend it.
We aiust give God and nature leave to work,
and we must work with them.
Such talk is simply advising young
misses who were listening to him, to help
on the good work of amalgamation which
is to ultimate in so M admirably endowed"
a race, as he previses. How young miss
es can do this better than by entertaining
the addresses of " colored gentlemen we
do not see. And that iu fact is the sub
stance of his advice. Any parent who
wishes the chanees of mulatto grandchild
ren to be in his or her favor would do
well to patronise this Vassar College. The
resident is, according to his own show
ing, a High Triest of the Almighty. For
ie tells us what God is doincr For the fu
ture of this country. Among other things
God has brought the negro here : although
many have supposed that the " other par
ty had the most agency in his coming
hither. But if God has brought tha ne
gro here, so he brought the Indian here,
and tho Esquimaux. He is also bringing
the Chinese hero. VY e think the I relea
sor, in his partiality . for the Ethiopie-in-
habitants of the country, forgets the claims
of these other colors. It strikes us that
ho ought to have advised the young la
dies of hb seminary not to give the ne
groes a monopoly of their persons in mar
riage, but not to diyido themselves fairly
among the Pawncss, Digger Indians, Es
quimaux and Coolies. However, wo wm
hot do this presiding Anarcharsis Cloots
injustice, the alludcr to "many races" out
of which God and he intend to fashion
the new races ; and, perhaps, ho includes
all the rest as well as the negro. Evi
dently this learned Professor believes that
the more " ingredient" you put into the
the pudding the better ; and he must re
gret that God has not added tq the gath
ering on this continent some thousands ol
tne natives 01 Australia jf apua an'-i 4 ai
agonia. ' . ..
Who Thev Really Ar.
Tho New York Tribune in a recent is
sue said :
There are white men who worship Ood,
and have wives and children, who insist
that wo can never settle the Indian question
until we have slain the Indians. This is
sad, but not surprising, for there are white
men now who thoucht a year or two ago
that wo could never improve the Africaii
race unless we degraded it.
The above, we suppose, is a hit at the
t pro-slavery, Democratic and Copper
head" set of people.; The Tribune would
have us believe that they are tho pooplo
who cry out for Indian extermination.
The" fact, however, is for the-' most part
far otherwise. The men and presses who
have been most eager after the blood of
the Indians, are of the superlatively
" loyal" kind. Among these blood
thirsty exterminators are such prints as
the Leavenworth" Conservative, and
leading loyal politician like Mr. Taylor,
of Minnesota, who wrote a pamphlet to
try to convince tho Christian world that
Indian extermination was a Christian
duty. " Chivington," who is named 'by
thc'Tribune as the author bf the massa
cre which bears his name, is, we suppose
a " loyal" man. So probably are the
Methodist ministers at Denver City, all
of whop, with a full knowledge of his
atrocities, justified them in gross and ip;
detail. So is, re suppose, the Methodist
Church North, which has not yet passed
a word of censure oj. Chivington. While
the demand for extermination has been
called for in ferocious accents by sundry
of the ultra radical press, we are not
aware that a single Democratic journal
has joined in this cry. Not a Republi
can paper, that we?;can recollect, has ever
denounced that norriDia monster, i' Chiv
ington," always, to its honor be it said,
saving and , excepting the Chicago Tri
bune. The denunciation of thi3 monster
by the Committee on the Conduct of the
yar, consisting as it did - mostly of Re
publicans, ought to bo acknowledged.
After they had giyen Buch warrant, as
they did, for. holding him up to execra
tion, it is surprising that the Republican
press ' generally did not second Ttlcir
movement, -: . .
lo! The Ioor Negro.
A Correspondent of the Rochester Uik
ion and Adverser, writing from Port
Byron, N. Y., gives the following narra
tive of the way a ranting Abolition officer
treats the blacks whom he hires. After
stating the previous political status of tho
Colonel, the writer proceeds :
He has lived to see the war terminated,
and his expectations, ia a great degree,
have so doubt been realized. This Total
hero of Abolitionism, of which the Re
publican party is well replenished, prior
to his returning home, goea to Richmond
and with flattering tongue persuades one
hundred and seven colored men to retun
home with him, faying to them I will
pay your transportation, and after your
arrival will furnish you work, with plenty ;
to eat, and good pay( with tha under
standing that each was to pay his fare in
work, to the said .Colonel. He arrived :
with them a week or two ago, and imme
diately commenced operations by taking
them op above Montexoma a short dii
tanee to ent cord wood. The Colonol wt
to give each man one dollar per day and
board. They began to chop, and the
Colonel to furnish rations, consisting of .
unboned corn meal and mackerel, divid
ing one mackerel between six, and some
times eight men, which was hardly enough
to sustain life making a rule also that
those who found fault or complained of
their rations should have their thumbs '
tied together behind them, and their fet
also tied, and then made to lie on tho.
ground two hours oa their back, which
penalty some of them had to undergo.
They were provided - with tho " terra
firms," on which to repose their weary
limbs after a hard day's labor, with stakes
driven into the ground and boughs,
thrown over for a covering, and minr
rwere compelled to lie in the corner of tho
I fences. In this way they passed two or
three days, and finally they determined
that they would kill the Colonel for th .
ill treatment they had received at hU
hands, for they were starving to death :
bat they were told the consequence b?
some one in the vicinity, should they kill
the Colonel, and finally gave it up. All
but eight or ten have left him, and art),
now roaming through the country, de-
! tending upon the charity of the peopla
or a sustenance.
" The foregoing facts I reeeived yeste
day from one whom the Colonel brought
from Richmond, lie also told me thai
he was one of the number who was tiwd
and kid on his back for two hours by tho,
said Colonel, merely for asking for food.?
These facts are also corroborated by indi-.
viduals who have, best there themselves
tie stated that he fared fax better when
he was a slave, for then he had plenty to
eat, and a comfortable place to sleep,;
He further stated that'as coon as he could,
collect enough money he should retunv.
again to his master.
1
A "nOTJS" l'E0PO8ITI0. IJiShOTV
Ames, of tho North, makes a sugge
concerning the elaims of the Souther
Bishops which he could sot seriously sup-)
pose 'would be entertained by them ; that
is, to make Chief Justice Chase the sole
arbite? between them!' He may wel$
pledge himself to abide by kit decision,:
but will probably find that his Southern
brethren prefer to 5? appeal unto Cassar."
The following is Bishop Ames proposition:
" Tho authority by which tho property
alluded to was taken possession, of was
the only authority which at tho time, and,
still, so far as I know, could enforce obe
dience to law, and maintain order. ;a tho,
rebellious States. And I now propose, tq
the Bishops, and to all other partiesn-
terested, that Chief Justice Chase shall
decide the question of title to the proper
ty referred to, and that all shall abide by
his decision, in the premises; and I here
by pledge, 'myself (and I doubt not my
colleagues, in the episcopacy will do tha
same) that, should the decision be La fav
or of the Church South, I will at once,
withdraw all the ministers whom I havq
appointed to conduct diyipji service io,
these churches referred to, provided thq
authority by which I now occupy them
allows me to do so, of which I have na
doubt, I think, if the Southern Bishops
are as confident of their title to the prxv
perty as tney appear to be, they will not,
hesitate thus to submit the question tat
the decision of the highest judicial offices
in the tfovcrnmeaW "
Noanraair ajtb Southee Chttrchxs. Ik ;
is painful that it should become necessary
for the seciIar press of our country to re-,
buke ecclesiastical bodies ; but so it isN Thq
object of reunion among the people of the
two sections is Fcactjvai. " Oa earth peace;
goodwill toward men, "was the angelic song
at the birth of the " Prince of Peace." But we
regret to say that this dqeaiujt s$em td be.
the object aimed at by Northern Christians
generally; and the New York Journal of
Commerce asks "whether the members and
managers of some of the Churches at the,
North really desire it, and are seeking it at
all ?" It has " great doubts on the subject,'
i vnd thus speaks of those who dare attempt
to bind qn earth what God has not boundj
and will not bind, m Heaven ; ' J
These men are making a great error, Tha
truth ia that none of us and none of them,
not a man of them, from Bishops to the last
convert at the last meeting, ia fit to sit down
to the table on High. If wa should under
take to compare the fatness of the JNorthera
Christians with the fitness of the Southern "
Christians to be Church members, it would
be found of both that the mercy of God alone. -could
save them. No Pharasaical self-right
eousness would avail either in the sight of s
just judge. Humility becomes both classes.'
It 13 just possible that both may be saved.
One class 13 just as fit for Church member
ship as the other. A comparison of N orta:
era sins with Southern ains would show
quite as much to be repented of by one race
as by the other. rAnd the body which ex
cludes from its terms of membership alj.
political tests and relies only on the mercy
of God for salvation, teaching and preaching
only the doctrino of tho Crucified, will be
the'Church nearest like the Church above.