State rights democrat. j
Frota tho Albany (IS". Y.) Atlas and Argue.
EfTeet or Negro NnflVnso nl tlie
Sontli The t'oloretl l-opulation
to Control Thrw States.
The isstie of forcing ncjrrnuffrago up
on the South at the point of Federal bay
onets, has been made by the Republicans
of iMassaehusctLs. Connecticut, Vermont,
Iowa, ami other States, ami Chief Jus
tice Chase is perambulating the country
lu advocacy of the new doctrine. In imita
tion of the minor apostles of this new faith
he intrudes this new question upon assem
blages, nt college commencements, and in
dinner table speeches. In view of the
issue that has been made by the agitators
let us look at the effect negro suffrage at
the South will have' upon the character of
the representation in Congress and the
United States Senate.
1 Taking the census of 1860 as a basis, it
will be found that in twelve of the slave
States, embracing eight hundred and
eighty-six counties, there, is in two hund
red and forty-four of them an excess of
negro population.
Alabama contains fifty-two counties, in
twent- of which there is an excess of ne
gro population.
Arkansas has fifty-five counties, with an
excess of -negro- population in six.
Florida has twenty-one counties, with
an excess of negro population in six.
ueorgia has one hundred and thirty-
two counties, with an excess
population in forty-three.
ot negro
Louisiana has fortv-eight counties, with
an excess of negro population in thirty-
three.
Maryland has twentv-two counties, with
U excess of negro population in five.
Mississippi lxas sixty counties, with an
excess of negro population hi thirty -one.
.North Carolina has eighty-seven coun
ties, with an excess of negro population in
twenty. ' -
t South Carolina has thirty-five counties,
with an excess of negro population in
twenty.
Tennessee has seventy-five counties. with
an excess of negro population in throe.
."Texas has one. hundred and fifty-one
counties, with an excess of negro popula
tion in thirteen.
Virginia has one hundred and forty
eight eounties. with an excess of negro
population in fortr-four.
This would give the negroes a majority
in the States of Louisiana, Mississippi,
and South Carolina. In these three States
they could elect negroes enough to con
trol the Legislatures, ami elect six negroes
to the United States Senate, and three or
four times that number of Representatives
td Congress. In all the Southern States
they could send negroes to the State Leg
iglatureSj and in two hundred and forty
four counties control the local offices.
These figures present the universal negro
suffrage question in a social aspect. Carry
out th6 scheme of the agitatoi-s, and what
-ah "prevent "i he sending of colored Rep
resentatives to the Hails of Congress ? ;
These are "deductions from the figures of,
the census of I860, and the probability is:
that the excess of black population is
greater at the present time than it was I
five years ago. The war has doubtless
swept off a larger number of whites than
blacks. Besides, it must be remem'oei-ed
that, to start with, the negroes will have
another decided advantage from the fact
that a large class of the whites are exclud
ed froni the right of suffrage by the ex
ceptions iu President Johnson's Amnesty
Proclamation, while with the negroes
there are no exceptions whatever.
.New England has led off in favor of
universal negro suffrage, and Chief Jus
,titfe Chase is stamping the country in its
, advocaey I It has now become one of the
cardinal doctrines of the party, and we
expect to see the Republican State Con
vention of New York toe the mark, and
give it an unqualified endorsement.
-.iNoyel Judicial Test. A curious inci
dent lately occurred in a French criminal
court. A young woman, carrying a child less
than a year old in her arms, was arraigned
Tor having stolen three gold ten-franc pieces
from the house of a lady whers she had call
ed oh business. The prisoner stated in her
defense that her bahy snatched the coins
ifrom a table without heir knowledge, she had
just discovered them there, and was pre
paring to go back with the money when she
was arrested. -The defense was thought
most improbable, owing to the child's age ;
hut the president, in order to test the possi-
bility, ordered one of the ushers to lay three
!gold pidees on the lelge of the dock, within
the baby's reach. The moment the1 little
thing eaw the money, it clutched the pieces
firmly, and attempted to put them in its
mouth. This, experiment satisnea tne trio
unal that the woman had told the truth, and
ehe was in consequence acquitted of the
charge. - --- -
X' Pceitt or Character. Over the beauty
of the plum and the apricot there grows a
bloom and beauty more exquisite than the
fruit itself a soft, delicate flush spreads its
blushing cheek. Now, if you strike your
hand over that, it is gone. The flower "that
hangs in the morning impearled with dew,
arrayed as no queenly woman ever was ar-raj-ed
with jewels once shake it so that the
. beads roll off, and you may sprinkle water
over it as you please, yet it can never be
.gain what it was when the dew fell silently
on itufroni icaven. On a frosty morning
you may see panes of glass covered with land
scape, mountains, lakes, trees, blended in a
beautiful picture. Now lay your hand up
on 'the glass, and by the scratch of yoar fin-
ferj or by the warmth of your palm, that
ejicate tracery wild be obliterated. So there
is in youth a beauty and purity of character,
which, when once touched and defiled, can
never be restored. -- - "
HeaIth atd Sttdt. -If, by gainin g knowl
edge , we destroy our health, we labor for a
thing that will be useless in our hands ; and
if, hy harrassing our bodies, though with a
design 'to render ourselves of the abilities
and opportunities of doing that good which
we might have done with a meaner talent,
which God thought sufficient for us, by hav
Jng denied us the strength to improve it to
that pitch which men cf stronger constitu
tion can attain to, we rob God cf such ser--vice,
and our neighbors of all that help
which, in a state of health, with moderate
. knowledge, we might have been able' to per
form, lle that sinks his vessel by overload
ing it, though it be with cold and silver and
. precious stcjnos will give his owner but an
s awwif" v1 "is voyage..
.he member for Cranbury Center deliver---ed
himseli' thus on a Hifiinnrniilo
- Mr. Sspaaker, 1 think sheep- it paramou at to.
' dogs, and our laws hadn't oughter be so thnt'
, dS8..can commit ravages on slieeii (laughter
, and cries of That's so.f) : Up where f live!
sheep is more account than docs, and 1-
- though you may tell me that dogs is useful,
-sheep is nsofulfer ; and show me the man
that represent dogs are more important than
.sbeepY and I will show yon - a man that is
'tantamount to know nothing.', Mr. Sneaker,'
I am thro'j , ';' '-' i- ,
UADH AI, PLATFORM !
TUt Alliance Between the Puritan?
ami the Xcsi'ocs :?Isssn'luieti
I issues Her I itinmtiiin lVrleel
i:l unlit) Kr the Xejrro in Every
thing;.' It is a noteworthy fact that the Aboli
tion organs of Oregon do not lay before
their readers the real doctrines, views and
measures, promulgated by their foremost
and most potential party. managers at the
Kast. and particularly in the .New Lug
land States, with reference to the great
issues now before the people. That there
is a sinister reason for this marked si
lence on the part of the Abolitimi press
of Oregon, must be obvious to all. They
are well aware that not one-half of their
awn party brethren in this State will ac
cept or support the doctrines or policy
promulgated by the Radicals of the East
ern States, who actually and quite abso
lutely control the whole Abolition organ
ization ol the country, ana tv unuinsr to
keep their readers in igimrance of the
Radical platform, they hope to save them
selves from the impending certain defeat
in the next State election, in June. lSlKS.
To foil them in this desitrn. and to afford
our Democratic patrons an opportunity t
show to their benighted, errimr, but well
disposed Abolition neighbors, just what
the radicals of their party demand and will
if able, practically carry out, we shall from
time to time give publication to the doc
trines and sentiments contended f r and
proimilgaied by the great high priests of
Abolitionism. And with this view, we
now give the following "Address of the
Massachusetts Republican State Commit
tee," as officially printed. We ;:k every
reader to peruse it carefully, and note its
hideous features. Perfect equality for
the Negro is the leading idea which per
vades the whole thing. Xero suffrage
is made an indispensable condition. And
indeed, Xegro superiority in the Soutl:
1 ISi
also demanded. Iiead and peruse it, lcr
1 '
. T j 1 11.
it is .uassactiusett mat treats, ana uer
dlefa is now the law and sole rule iu the
Abolition party :
Headquarters, No. 8. )
BnoMriELivsT., July 18, 1SG5. j'
.'To the IWftfe of yLtzmclkUtcttz : In is
suing their annual invitation to the sup
porters, of the national and State Admin
istrations to meet iu convention for the
purpose of completing their organization
and presenting candidates for the various
0gees aje e!eetive by the whole
people, the Republican State Committee
deem it proper to call attention to the
present condition ef public ahairsras one
which requires that a more than ordinary
decree of regard shtmld now be paid by
every voter to his rights and obligations !
as a citizen. He uesire to speak, to tue inequalities, w neu mey nave not einian
people as citizens and patriots; but if we go red the loyalty of the States where they
shall address them also as members of a exist and where they do not threaten
political organization we shall deem no hereafter to put in peril the public peace.
apoluiiy necessary.
Duringtue contest which the loyal peo-
pie of the country made against ail its dis
loyal elements, from the breaking out of
the war ua to the day oi the i'residential
election inlS64, it was found indispensa
ble to uiatitaiu and strengthen the power
of our org-iiizatiou as the only hope of the
country against the triumph of the rebel
Confederates and their sympathizers.
And now that the strife of arms is ever
and that of opinion begins, it is certainly
no time for relinquishing those advantages
which have heretofore proved so vital to
our success. "Those. who think alike
must act together." In this familiar
maxim is found ample excuse for parties
in a Government like this, and especially
in times of public danger ; and we appre
hend it will be found that in the discus
sion and settlement of the great question
which will arise between this time and the
next Presidential election, the same mon,
substantially, who acted in 18G4 against
the party whose success there is good rea
son to fear would have given the victory
in the. field of arms to the rebel Confede
racy will be again found acting together
against the same party, marshalled tor the
dangerous purpose of depriving the peo
ple of the fruits of their hardly won and
glorious victory. .
This is no time for partisanship, or for
appeals to party prejudices or traditionary
attachments ; least of all for any attempt
to limit the boundaries of a party which
we hope to see more and more widely ex
tended until it shall embrace all friends
of the country, by whatever party name
they have heretofore been known. But
while an organizod political force exists
hostile to the principles which have tri
umphed in - the nation, and watching for
opportunities to recover its forfeited pew-
er. ;we acem it oi vital importance to
strengthen and enlarge that organization'
which ha3 followed the patriotic instinct,
and systematized and made effective the
sound political opinion oi the loyal States
while the gallant armies of the Union
were contending for its existence on the
field of battle.
, It is true that our organization has taken
no public position, for it has had no op
portunity to take a public position, on the
new questions which have arisen since
the surrender of -Lee's army, and which
arc daily arising. It is doubtless true,
also, thatthere are, and will be, shades of
difference of opinion, on these topics among
the supporters of the Administration in
the various sections of the country. It is
not indispensable that, for the present at
least, these shades of opinion should be
obliterated. We do not forget thata vcry
large number of the supporters of Presi
dent Lincoln s Administration, like the
President himself, were slow to se the
necessity of the Emancipation policy. But
when they saw it, the party became a unit
on. that subject. ..pei.ng tile party of the
country, au aiaerence ot theory, all pre
conceived nptions, all personal prejudices
11 1 m n . 1 T mm -
within the party, which were finally found
to impede the harminous and effective
handling of this power, were made t;o give
way. . ' '
: The party of the country will not be less
patriotic now ; and when it shall be made
clear that the safety of the Rerml.n nr.
the financial and industrial prosperity of
wvX GYen tne continued existence
oi tne uovernment with any sort of security-
against new wars and periodical con
vulsionsdepend upon a wise and cau
tious policy of reorganization, which shall
be satisfied with nothing less than absolute
guarantees fur the extinction of that spirit
of caste and proscription which is the. root
of slavery and the parent of civil strife,
then the people will be as unanimous for
such a policy as they was last year in fol
lowing J resident Lincoln to the abolition
of that gross and hideous form in which
slavery then presented itself to their view.
Hie people ot the r ree States do not
intend to enter upon any crusade against
the ancient ri-xlit of the State to fix the
jualitications of voters. Whether .such
itialilications be 'of property or education.
or of age and sex alone, is a matter of State
concern with which no one desires to in
termeddle. Rut .when the late rebel com
munities, denuded by their own acts of
Mate liovcrntnents, without Legislative
or Judicial Departments, without ecn a
justice or a constable who can legally ex
ercise the tunctions ot civil office, come
forward as suppliants for pardon, and for
restoration into the family ol' States, it is
an exercise on our part of the sinndiest
instinct of elf-defence if we require that
all constitutional and statute provisions,
all "customs, and tuages, and tradition,
solely based upon that institution of slav
ery, which was the origin and mainspring
of the rebellion, j-liall h; made to give way.
Laws and ordinances made for the govern
ment of chattels must not be perpetuated
for the government of men.
We do not nsk the President or Con
gress to make use of any doubtful powers ;
but the power to preserve what the valor
of our soldiers and sailors has won is not
doubtful; the power to keep the country
from again falling into the possesion of
an aristocracy of caste -the po wer to pre
serve us from another quarter of a centu
ry of slavery agitation, to be followed,
perhaps, by new rebellions and more de
vastating wars, is a rower which the r.oo-
ple will iiot relinquish, and which their
servants, we cannot r.ou!;t. win sooner or
later I e obliged to use. Loyalty. a every
body admits, must be ini-isted on as the
indispensable qualifications of all voters,
no inatfrr ichftttr the Constitution ur ,'mrs
Rut a dark fc-ktn, or a trace more or less j
(distinct - of African descent, is no evidence
1" disloyalty. 5or is it any test of
it:. 1 :., o-,-,. 1.- 1-..., !..-, ,.f l,.,t
j- , j,,,,,,, . u;,.,.,!
vitude which ve have heen obliged to
1.... - - !
a ,0 ,h in order ta rrescrvc the national
ona m e-ruer ie mi-m-ou mc ii.nivn.ii ,
istence. Shall we consent to the rfisto-
.1 . I-'
ex IS
ration of the rebel communities under thejl7.V leaving a wife, the daughter of Sir
two-filth constitutional provision, which William Fairfax, of Relvoir, and one
greatly enlarges the political power of j child a daughter ; and on the demise of
their voting population, and under a sys
tetn which excludes from the polls a loya
people quite as intelligent as the great
body of the whites, whose good wilt to
wards our Government has helped to save
it from destruction, and whose continued
friendliness will be uo less indispensable
iu, the future.
It is no answer to this to say that some
of the loyal States do not allow colored
men to vote, aud that we may as well un
dertake to exclude Ohio from the Union
as
to keep ' uth I arohna from coming
back with full c
Njrressional powers. Such
1
may oe safely felt to the reviving spirit ol
justice in tne Northern people, stimulated
to friendliness towards a race which has
performed for us a useful national service.
At any rate we possess and claim no right:
to interfere with the electoral laws of loy
al States. But the rebel States, as every
body admit, are iu a condition which re
quires reconstruction or restoration, and
which justifies guardianship and the strict
est watchfulness on the part of our Gov
ernment and people. Whatever safe
guards may be found necessary for the
permanent pacification of the country,
and for the fulfillment of the national
pledge of freedom, in spirit as well as in
letter, to the enfranchised blacks, must be
insisted upon.
e would not lay undue stress upon
the mere question of suffrage as a matter
ot right, or seem to insist upon giving to
the freedmen new powers which, however
valuable to them, might not be deemed to
be imperatively demanded by-public con
siderations affecting the whole country.
We are awareoo, that there are other
questions of administration, the solution
of which is in the hands of the President
and Congress, and which, if rightly set
tled, as wis believe they will be, will go
far to ensura to us tranquility and safety.
We note with great satisfaction that many
inevitable abuses, which have been brought
to light since the close of hostilities, have
been promptly corrected by the civil aud
military power. -
And we aro confident that a wise and
humane policy will do what cau be done
in the future to protect the colored loyal
ists from the spirit of hatred and oppres
sion. But it will be found that the secret
of our peace policy is precisely what was
found to bo the secret of our war policy,
that-i3, the necessity of doing justice-to
this peopie, and oi placing in their hands
the power to protect themselves, to secure
their own rights, and redress their own
wrongs. To this complexion must it come
at last. And the great industrial interests
ot tne nation, its unanciai staomty anu
honor, the progress of the new civilization
which is to make this continent the peace
ful abode df a hundred million self-sup
porting citizens, all demand that the work
of statesmanship shall be wisely commenc
ed aud thoroughly carried on.
Wv Claflin, Chairman
LOTAITV IN THE FULPIT. It 18 HOW
thought that there will le no serious oppo
sition by clergymen in Missouri to the put
ting in operation of that clause of the new
Constitution of that State requiring them to
take an oath of loyalty as a prerequisite to
the exercise oi tneir ministerial iuueuons.
The Missouri Republican copies this, and
adds
We find the above in the Chicago Journal,
into which it seems to have crept from some
other paper. It contains a misrepresenta
tion wlueh ought to be corrected, it is no
simply an oath of loyalty that is demanded
of clergymen, A clergyman hero may be
entirely loyal and yet not bo able to take the
iniquitous oath prescribed by our infamous
Constitution.
Salem, Mass., has decreased eleven hun
dred since 18G0. The missing ones are off
fillinff armv contracts or holding offices un
der Government, Salem is loyal; loyalty
pays best. '. '."'." : ' ';
The Washington corresDondent of the Chi
cago Times say that two sons of Senator
Douglas, who are growing up to be fine
young men, are both students at Ueorgctown
college, near that city. -;' -'
li nn the National 1 ut( Higemvr.
3it .T yi:k.ox.
Hititorj', Its Proprietors, Its
Itelics, lis Iteminiseenees, niul
Its Ir-scnl Condition.
Thorp bus probably never been so great
a thron of visitors to the national shrine
in the history of the country as at the
present time. The fine steamer running
regular!- thither from this city is largely
putronia'd, while multitudes are daily ro
ing there by land conveyances. Tbe
throng fof soldiers thither is especially
very uuiuerous. The distance from Wash
ington is some fifteen miles, about nine
below .llexandria.
At the death of (lencral Washington,
in 1 7W, the Mount Vernon estate com
prised several thousaud acres in a solid
bod-, extending many miles on the Poto
mac river, A large part of it was under
tillage. : It was divided into five farms,
each cultivated by its own negroes with
an overgi-er. and the whole under a gen
eral superintendent, and all under the
careful inspection of the great chief him
self. II is own negroes numbered one
1 , , , . t
numired ana twenty ins wile s were as
many more. Wheat, corn and tobacco
were the chief products of the estate, to
bacco behi' however, much less "Culti
vated in the latter years of his life than
in earlier times. I'pon the estate there
was"a fine two-story corn and flour mill
the remnants of which are still visible on
Uogue Creek, up which llatboats came
alonirvide the mill. The water to carry
the mill was brought in a race some mile
and a half from a ' tumbling dam " ui
lVon.e Uun. The old mill house is still
in good condition, and is occupied by a
colored I'nnilv. Near this mill was also
his distillery. There was also a brick
yarl. a carpenter establishment, blaek-
saittn suop, tne estate tortmng, in tact,
sort ef a village.
(Irigmany tuc .Mount ernon estate
consisted ef one-half of five thousand
acres a'siirned to Washington's
; uTi
t.
ranuiu'Iier. who. in coin unction with
h-tlas Spencer, patented it from Lord
peneer.
Cul
! I
pper in h70.
Tsi the division of
his estate
the father of Washington as
tract to his elder brother Law-
jfdgned tlii-
intel-i!cl!ee. who came here and erected the
: .. . t-i. t . t-
i i - i i i
Admiral crnon. under whom he served
;., i Unf.dn in vl:l wi i.. tl.
. ...
lS vaptaiu in a colonial regiment, in the
West Indies, in 1740. Lawrence 'died in
this daughter without issue, as soon hap
pened, the estate fell to (Jeorgc. who had
been r.-.ueh an inmate of the family.
In 17f'b General Washington married
Marihn Custis. (mv I'audridge). then re
siding on her estate at the White House,
with lier two children, and after remain
ing at that place some three months, took
up his residence at Mount Vernon. She.
brought him in her own right more than
a hundred thousand dollars. They were
the ?.ijue age. 27 years, at their marriage.
Iu his will. Washington divided the
estate into thn-e parts, The mansion,
with f tur thousand acres, was left to his
nephew. Bush rod Washington, an Asso
ciate Justice of the United States Supreme
Court. At the death of Mrs. Y ashiugton.
in lSOl , 'Judge Washington became the
proprietor of Mount Vernon, and contin
ued there till his death m 1SU. iwo ot
the old servants still on the estate came
there with him, belonging to his wife
nna, daughter of Thomas Llaekburn.
Twd of General Washington's servants
till survive, also, residing some three
miles from Mount Vernon. Judge Wash
ington, having no children, left the es
tate to his nephew, John A. Washington.
from whom the Ladies Mount ernon
Association purchased the two hundred
acres, upon which are the mansion and
tomb, for $200,000. Two thousand acres
were willed by Washington to two other
members of the Washington family, and
the residue, upwards of 2,000 acres, in
cluding the fine Wood lawn estate, was
given to Maj. Lawrence Lewis, a favorite
nephew, whose wife was the beautiful
and cultivated Xelly Custis, granchild to
Mrs. W ashmgton, and the adopted daugh
ter of General Washington.
Major Lewis erected a splendid man
sion at Woodlawn, in 1805, at a cost of
24.000. Major Lewis, whose mother,
Betty Washington, was the sister of the
groat chief, died at Arlington in 1841,
uid his wife died in 1852. The remains
of both, with those of a daughter, the
wife of Charles M. Conrad, Fillmore's
War Secretary, being deposited in the
Mount ernon vault. Soon alter the
death of Major Lewis, the Woodlawn es
tate was sold by his only son, Lorenzo, to
a colony of Quakers from New Jersey,
who still retain much of it, divided into
tarins. The oodlawn mansion, with a
splendid farm of 500 acres surrounding
it, belongs to John . Mason, iisq., who
came mere irom j.cw iiampsime m jo.
.i i - -xt ir i ic:n
The mausion is of brick, with slate roof,
and lofty pillars fronting the river on a
commanding site looking down upon the
wholo Mount Vernon estate. ; Lorenzo
Lewis died, some years ago in Clark coun
tv, and the other daughter, the wife of
Mr. Butler, is living in Mississippi.
John A. Washington went to Fauquier
county with his family in 18o0, and pur
chased a farm known as Wareland. Ilis
wife died suddenly soon after, and. it is
well known that he fell, as Colonel of a
rebel regiment, early iu 18G1, leaving a
family of seven children, the youngest
. .... i 1-
two beinsr little boys, and the only niaic
children ever born at tho Mount V ernon
mausion. There are soiuo one thousand
acres of the Mount Vernon estate, be
longing to these orphan children, lying
in close proximity to the Mount v ernon
mansion.
The Mount Vernon estate was proba
bly never under a finer state of cultiva
tion thn if is at the nresent time. The
v. w j vmiiu - -" r-
farmers have been shipping manure m
large quantities from the city this season,
and nilinsr it at their landings on the
river for future use. At the present
time there are SLOOO government mules
grazing upon different farms in that sec
tion. These mules are separated into
souads of five hundred, with fifteen mount
ed men to control them, are put into a
heavy grass field, kept closely. together,
and compelled to e'at clean as they go.
A squad thus eats some more than two
acres of tho heaviest crass in a day, for
which they pay five cents a head, or $25
a day for hc squad. The ground behind
them looks as though no grass had grown
there this season.
Tie ground immediately around the
mansion and tomb bear evidence of care
and taste. 1 he approach to the tomb
mil the mansion from the river is highly
picturesque and delightful, lhe appear
ance ot both the tomb and the mansion
has been familiar to all Americans in il
lustrated books from the childhood of
the most of those who nv read the daily
.11'! , 1 ' I .
press. e nave seen uu.s sacrci spot
many times in the last thirty years, and
never saw it looking hotter than now.
It may be interesting to many who are
now a isititnr tin; place for the first time
to know that the remains of Wai-hingtoii
were originally deposited ill the -old vault
which is pointed out to all visitors, and
in a. mahogany coffin lined with lead.
flic vault was damp and the wood was
three times renewed before being placed
in the receptacle where they now repose.
In PvjI the new vault was erected and
the remains transferred. A Philadelphia
marble worker proposed to furnish a mar
ble sarcophagus, but on visiting the tomb
declined to do so if it was to be put in so
damp a vault. An ante chamber was
therefore erected in front of the vault.
some dozen feet high, with an arched rate-
way and gate tonne; I ot iron rods. Jn
this ante-chamber on the rmht is the sar-
to formed of iron rods. In
cophagus containing the remains of Wash-jdid
ington, and en the left another precisely
like it c-.iitaining the remains of Mrs
Washington, and it may be added that
her remains have been moved as often as
those of the exeat chief. The sarcopha
gus is excavated from a Solid block of
pure white marble, and was placed there
in 17 Within the vault proper are
the bodies of many members of the fam
ily. On either side a you come near the
vault sta-nds a marble obelisk, inscribed
with names of the leading members of
the Wa.-hihgtou family. The design
upon Washington's sarcophagus covers
the most of the top or lid. and consists of
a shield, divided into thirteen perpendic
ular stripes, resting on the national flag,
and attached by cords to a spear embel
lished with fast'fds farming a background
to the shield. The cre't is an eagle with
open wings perching upon the superior
bar of the bar and clutching the arrow.
and olive branch. Relow the armorial
liA-iflM'- !; fllj' Ti-llM-- ll
, , ,
of Washington.
. . I ,.; hoar, mid the same privilege is accorded
On the idatii l.'i titj, ,.1 . ,., 1 -,, '
, . to (. lenient (,. (.lav. Keeentlv, m ef-use-
the other !-arc phagus are the words, in j
larcre letters. Martha V ashMigton. j
.. ..!.:,:. .. . i j i . r it ,
,. .. . . .
, , , , '
in the exact form as when left by the!
Father of his Country. It is well known
that the mansion, as originally erected!
and left by Lawrence Washington, wa
mueii eniargea nvueuerai viasir;ugion,
a section being added to each end, mak-i
ing it, as it now stands. J0 feet in length j'
north and south, with a portico, fronting
the river, extending from end to end.
This portico having decayed, has been re
placed by an exact copy of the old. The
mansion is two stores high, of wood, fin
ished in imitation of free-stone, and paint
ed white. Fourteen small windows, with
the old-fashioned diminutive panes of
glass, look out upon beautifully tlopiug
lawns, and deswn upon the river from an
elevation of two hundred feet above the
river level. There are six rooms on the
floor, with a spacious hall running through
the centre, from ejst to west. The north
room is the large dining hall, in which is
the extjuisite marble mantlepiece. wrought
in Italy, shipped on an English vessel
during the French Revolution, captured
by the French, and promptly forwarded
14- the t rench (lovernment when .Lafay
ette wade known that it was a present
from au American wine merchant, resi
dent in Marseilles, to "Washington. In
this room are also the double banked har
pischord. shaped like a modern square
uano a weddniii present to his adopted
daughter, Nelly Custis ; the tripod which
served Washington in ail his survey, and
the larire set of matched mahoirouy din-r
ins tables.
The diuinsr hall opens at either end in
to an east and west parlor, in one of which
is an old, dilapidated, large globe, and in
the other an old sofa. The key of the
Bastile, -a present from Lafayette still
hanrs in the class case in the hall, and.
iy its side, the silhourjtr, taken from life
y a lady in Philadelphia. The library
room, m tne south eim is occupied ov
Miss Tracy, the accomplished and faithful
ajrent of the Mount Vernon Association.
A bust of Washington, east in plaster by
Iloudon, and another of Lata vet te, facios
each other high on the walls, are the only
observable relics. The bookcases, built
into the wall, with glass doors, fully oe
eupy one side of the large room. Over
this apartment, m a small tearoom the
iireat and good man died. A bedstead.
said to be an exact copy of that on which
he died, is the only article in the cham
ber. The family pictures were nearly or
quite all at Arlington, und were taken to
Iliehmond by lien. Lee. lhe celebrated
" pitcher portrait," upon the back of
which was inscribed the beautilul eulogy,
and left in tho mansion by an unknown
hand, was carried away by J ohn A. YY ash
ingtou, and is in the possession of that
family.
The long row of brrck quarters still
stand as they have for thirty or forty years.
since they were partially destroyed by
fire. In this row Washington had hfs
blacksmith and carpentering establish
mentd, and here now live the two old col
ored servants ot whom mention has been
made as the servants who came here sixty
years ago with Anna Blackburn, the wife
oi Bushrod ashington.
The " Ladies' Mount Vernon Associa
tion," it is well known, made their pur
chase- in I808, and had made the last pay
ment of 2,000 upon the eve of tho 're
bellion. The association had expended
also $20,000 in improvements, m addition
to paying the $200,000 purchase money
Much still needs to be done, and the
large amount of funds at thi8 time accu
mulating from the throngs of visitors,
who pay an entrance ice each of twenty
five cents, will do much for putting the
national shrine and preserving it in proper
condition.
The scourge of the rebellion stayed its
desolating tide at the confines of these
sacred acres.
The tomb of Washington
was held sacred on both sides
' Pohiek Church, where Washington
worshipped till the close of the Revolu
tion, has not escaped so well. The last
discourse in it was a. tempestuous politi
cal harangue by au itinerant Methodist
preacher, on a Sabbath near the opening
ot the war, ane ancieni eamee is now a
shell ; not a window, door, nor the small;
est fragment of the ptws, pulpit nor
floor are to he seen. . It was used early
iu tho war by soldiers tor shelter, and la-
ter was turned into a stable. The an
cient tombstones af the abandoned grave
yard are lying and leaning around, and
desolation is painted in all its saddest
forms upon the .-cene. The old Pohiek
Church was erected near this some one
hundred and fifty years ago. This was
erected in 1772, and Washington was the
chief contributor in its erection. To this
church Washington for years regularly
repaired, some seven miles, allowing no
company to keep him from the Sabbath
service. The pew doors of Washiugtou
and the great (icorge Mason had been
carried away as relics before the war.
The brick walls alone now remain.
Pi; it i tax Intoi.kuanck. The Puri
tan settlers of New Knglarid did not
change their nature by coming to Ameri
ca ; but their fierce and stern notions of
religion were rather intensified by findintr
themselves not only the Church, but the
State! ;- possessing all power in the Colony,
civil, military, and ecclesiastical, with
nothing above them, and no power to
whom appeals could be made from their
uecjsioti. v on-equemiy mey were very
ill-disposed to see colonists come in who
not worship at their ahars. and bow
'down to their gods. The Quakers came
in lfj.jO and l''). i.nd they pa.etl laws
by whie.h the (Quakers were imprisoned,
whipped at life cart's tail, .set in the
stock. ertte'!. branded, and rmt to
death nj'n the L'allow. All this wa
done iu Boston, and Uoston Common has
witnessed (Quaker men and women swing
ing ujiDii a gallows. Later the Iapti:ts
came, and anotlier commotion arose. The
Baptists were driven out with cruelties
and h:irh Yrocecd;iigs which would have
been pu-hed t the same extremities as
they were in the ease of the Quakers, had
not the leader of the Baptists funnel a ha
ven and a shelter ir his p.eople in the
neisrhhorins colony of Khode Island.
Jeff. Davis ani C. C. Clat. A
Fortress Monrt H correpornlent says in a
recent letter :
Jeff, is permitted to promenade the
iraniiiarta of tue lort everv day at a stated
juenec of a temporary change in Jeff" s
hour of recreation, the two rebels ac-ci-
jtiently met face to face
Lut thev were
not allowed to ston an instant to exchange
wonts, though in passing they managed
to clap hand.-. This is the first time
that ilavis an d Clay have seen each oth-
snt'-e tne day on which thev
r -.1-.,, fV,.,- TM,! -.
aud brought
u . -
In the future, the ol
f'refgi) eserfise of the prisoners will he so
timed as to
prevent tfct? po?S5&Ulty OI
their seeing each other asrain.
Duriner his absence in the army, the wife
of a s'd Jier named Cunningham made his
house at Fort Wayne. Indiana, a den of in
iquity and shame. On arriving at home on
.Saturday of lat week, two lewd fellows
called ami attempted to force entrance, when
Cunningham shot and killed them both.
A returned soldier in Ilandorph county,
Wis., t'k a woman to the circus. leaviiig
his lawful wife'ttUking at home. lie s;on
after died of rsenie, of which his wife pro
cured a supply at a drug or and administ
ered to him.
Alms-giving Dever makes any man poor.
AGENTS FOR THIS PAPER.
The following namc-1 centlemea are authorized
to act as Agents for The State Rights 1emo
c eat, and to receive and receipt for subscriptions
to the paper :
I.VOREGOX.
Josephine Conniy.
Oeorge T. Viuing. Kerbyviiie,
Wm. Chapman,
A. O. Steven?, Slate Creek,
Jackson onnty.
Henry Klippcl, Jacksonrillc,
Capt. Tho?. Smith, Ashland,
K. I. Foutlrny, Phcrnix,
Kaspar Knbii, ApDlogate,
J. B. White. Ruck Point.
Donglas County.
Jos. S. Fiizliiigh, Eosetrarg,
Jas. (1. Clark, Canj-onTille,
llanlv Eliff. Galesville,
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Coos Connfy.
R. TV. Cusan?, Empire City.
Iane County.
A. J. Bahh, Enjrene City,
John Millions MUliora's Station,
R. V. Ilewari, Smithneld,
A. J. Crusan, PlcasaDt Hill,
Silas Brown, Cotvst Fork,
Benton Connty.
John Burnett, Corvallis,
M. H. Bell,
R. Garrett. Girds' Station.
Polk Connty.
T. J. Lovcladv, Dallas,
j. B. V. Butler. Monmouth,
Ir. John llavidson, Independence,
B. F. Burch, "
R. Doty, Eola, '
T. B. Williams. Luckiamutte.
Yamhill County. ,
S. Smith, Lafayette,
J. T. Ferguson,
VV. C. Ileinhree, SeMinnville,
Washington Connty.
Stephen Ross, y General Agent. '
Charles Cooper," Forest Grove,
?InItnoniah Connty.
B. L. Norden, Portland.
Columbia Connty.
S. A. Miles, St. Helens.
Clackamas County.
Ralston A Jlycrs, Oregon City.
Clarion County.
Peter Bilycu. ' Salem,
Charles Miller, Silrerton,
Jas. A. Pennebaker, JeS'erson.
Dr. J. W. Bailey, Champoeg.
G. W. Downing. ' Sublimity.
Wasco Connty,
F. S. Holland, Dalles City,
Thos. JI. Ward, Three Mile Creek.
Umatilla' County.
Geo. H. Coe,' Umatilla.
Grant Connty. v
J. F. Hendrex, "1 Canyon City
Thos. E. Gray, and
John Fennessey. J John Day Minos.
Baker Connty.
Jas. II. Slater, Auburn.
, Union Connty
Theo. Burraester, La Grande.
James Hendershott, Forest Cove.
J. L. Hall, TJniontown. .
IX THE TERRITORIES.
r. Washington
Frank P. Dugan, 1
A. J. Cain, .
A. Kyger. J
Idaho.
J. J. Walton, Jr.,
D. Wm. Donthit,
. Wm. D. Bibb, j
II. C. Riggs,
A. Slocum,
G. W. Thatcher,
Walla. Walla,
Ruby City,
Idaho City,
Boise City,
Pioneer City,
Centrevillo.
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PACIFIC
HOTEL,
: - Proprietor.
J. B. SPIiENGSR,
nriHIS LOXG ESTABLISHED. LARGE. COM-
I modious and well furnished house is main
tained as a .
rirst-CIass Interior Hotel,
For tho entertainment of regular boarders and
transient guefts. .
The house was almost entirelv re-built last year.
and thoroughly re-furnished with SEW BEDS,
iseaaing ana iurtiiture.
THE TABLE
Is provided with every substantial and rare
treat of the-seasons. t
the Rooras
Arc Commodious and well ventilated. Prompt
and careful attendance is assured to guests..
The California Stage Company's mail coaches
come to and go from tho Hotel. Charges moderate.
Albany, August 1 4tb, lSti5. , augMtf
JQIOT FERGUSON,
(OF SAX FRAXCISCO, CALIFORNIA
. Will attend in person t the
Prosecution of Claims Arising- in Oregon
and California,
And to the Settlement of Aceounw with the
STATE, TREASURY, WAR. NAVY AND POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENTS.
IN THE INDIAN BUREAU. LAND OR PATENT CFFICEt
Persons having business can have it promptly
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Address No.476 SETEXTII STREET,
WASHINGTON CITY, J, C. 28
OR. Cv. W. GRAY,
SURGEON DENTIST,
J ik Late Grn.dno.tA af b
Dental -Sarircry,
Would again offer his Professional services toth
citizens of this place and surrounding conntry.
Office Up stairs in Foster's Brick BuMirgt
Residence alongside of the Pacific Hotel.
Albany, August ltb, 1865. -aaglttf
H. H. CRASOB. ' GBO. . HKUt
CRANOR & HELM,
ATTOEXETS & COOSELiOSS AT UTT,
. VEB ANY, Oren.