pt'Tti-iairpn kv-hy rmnT by
COLL. VAN CLEVE,
ALBANY.
OREGON,
THE LITTLE FOLKS.
The Children's Chate.
Too remember, Kitty Eyes
Yon cannot forget, I know
Ho -we chased tne buttrrrlis,
H-li a life ago.
Happy children were we then.
On the Peacharn hills at ritav ;
Careless of the toils of men.
Harpy chndreu all the day.
Think back ! We ohose the colors bright
Through the fields of waving corn.
O'er the slopes and ont of sight
Down the dewy vales between ;
Becking not of fasee tanned,
Fretted feet, nor frocks' disgrace
I with ready hat in hand.
Laughing, leaping, led the chase :
Kitty, on the breath of spring.
With shadow-casting, flying hair
Like a fairy following
Here and there and everywhare.
Now ! the beanty seeming ours.
Eagerkv I pouuee upon
Nothing but forsaken flowers -
Far away it flatters gone ! '
l"p and after, undismayed.
Still we faster, faster run.
Till tis where the maple shado
Ears our pathway from the sun.
Kitty stops I hear her sav.
Answering my quick surprise,
' I at keeping house will play ;
You may follow butterflies."
Ah ! 3 follow, far beguiled
Eyes but for the glittering thing ;
Ti'.l it seems as though the child.
Like nis hope, has taken wing.'
Corr.es a whisper lightly straying ;
" Ba and tout maple-shaded spot
Other little ones are playing
Kitty's children are they not ?
He who chased the butterflies
In the play-field of his birth,
Still is chasing butterflies
O'or the deserts of the earth ;
But he hopes to lie once more.
When the years have done their best
Ar, d the weary race is o'er.
On ihe Ptacham hills at rest.
A Little Hero.
In the city of Hartford, Conn., lives
the hero of the true story I am about to
relate but ne longer '"little," as the
perilous adventure which made him fa
mous in Lis native town happened sev
eral years ago.
Our hero was then a bright, active
boy of fourteen the son of a mechanic.
In the severe winter of 1835, the father
worked in a factory, about a mile from
his home, and every day the boy carried
him his dinner across a piece of
meadow land.
One keen, frosty day he found the
snow on the meadow nearly two feet
deep, and no traces of the little foot
path, xemaining. Yet he ran on as fast
as possible, plunging through the drifts,
keeping himself warm by vigorous ex
ercise and cheerful thoughts.
When in the mist of the meadow,
fully half mile from the house, he sud
denly feit himself going down, down !
He had fallen into a well. He sank
down, down into the dark icy water, but
rose immediately to the surface. Tiiere
he grasped hold of a plank wiiich had
fallen into the well as he went down.
One end of this resting on the bottom
of the well the. other rose abont four
feet above the surface of the water.
The poor lad shouted for help until
he was hoarse and almost speechless,
but ail in vain, as it was impossible to
make himself heard from such a depth,
and at such a distance from any house.
So at last he concluded that if he was
saved at all he must save himself, and
begin at once, as he was getting ex
tremely cold in tbe water.
First he drew himself up the plank,
and braced himself against the top of it
and the wall of the well, which was of
brick and quite smooth. Then he
pulled off his coat, and, taking out his
pocket knife he cut off his boots that he
might go to work to greater advantage.
Then, with his feet against one side of
the well, and his shoulders against the
other, he worked his way up, by the
most fearful exertion, about half the
-distance to the top. Here he was
obliged to pause to take breath and
gather up his energies for the work yet
before him. Far harder was it than all
he had gone through, for the sides being
from that height covered with ice, he
must with his knife, cut grasping places
fer his fingers, slowly and carefully all
the wtf-v up.
It Wild almost a hopeless attempt, but
it was all that he could do. And here
the little hero lifted up his heart to
God and prayed fervently for help,
fearing that he could never get out
alone.
Doubtless the Lord heard his voice,
calling from the deep, and pitied him.
He wrought no miracle to save him, but
he breathed into his heart a yet larger
measure of calmness and courage,
strengthening him to work out his own
deliverance.
After this, the little hero cut his way
upward, inch by inch. His wet stock
ings froze to the ice and kept his feet
from slipping, but his shirt was quite
worn from his shoulders ere he reached
-the top.
He did reach it at last crawled out
nto the snow, and laid down for a mo
ment to rest panting out his breath in
little white clouds on the clear, frosty
air.
He had been two hours and a half in
the well.
His clother soon froze to his body,
but he no longer suffered with cold, as
full of joy and thankfulness, he ran to
the factory, where his father was wait
ing and wondering.
The poor man had to go without his
dinner that day, but you may be sure
he cared little about that, while listen
ing with tears in his eyes to the thrill
ing story his son had to relate to him.
Ha must have been proud of the boy
that day, as he wrapped him in his own
warm overcoat and took him home to
"mother."
And how that mother must have wept
and smiled over the lad, and kissed him
and thanked God for him
I have not heard of the " little hero
ior two or three years, but I trust he is
growing up into a brave, heroic man,
and I hope he will never forget the
heavenly friend who did not forget him
in the hour of his great need
There is an old saying that truth lies
at the bottom of a well
I trust that this brave boy found and
brought np from there this truth :
" God helps those who help themselves.
Grace Greenwood.
Fnak'
w,lr was a bright little five-year
follow fnll of fun, and
anxious to
make himself of consequence
Armed
with a stick, he would feet
as brave as
a lion ftmon.tr the hens
and chickens
and. as they scudded wj --
j-.-'.iZ.i to take shelter wher-
nr.ld find it. he would say to
, -,j.J ..t . triv think lm a
giant ; only he pronounced the word
?,v,i. 'r,t TT would even attack the
old cock, and walk right up to the big
turkey-gobbler.
But there was one animal which
caused Master Frank to quail with ter
ror, especially when alone and after
dark. Do you want to know what it
was ? I will tell vou. It was a mouse !
Yes ; a little brown mouse, with his
bright eyes, and pretty, tapering tail,
would make our bold Utile boy tremble
and scream ; and, if he chanced to light
on several of these pretty creatures
playing together, you would have sup
posed that he had run against a herd of
ouffaloes. Very silly, wasn't it ?
Now, every night, en his way to bed.
Frank had to pass through a lonely
room, where mice and rats would some
times peep out of their holes, and scam
per over the floor, frightening him
sadly, and causing him to clasp
mamma's hand more tightly, and hurry
along as fast as possible.
But one night, when it came bed
time, mamma was sick up stairs, and
nurse away, and no one with Frank in
the sitting-room but papa, who was
busy reading his newspapers. -So the
little boy was told to march up stairs
to bed alone.
" O papa !" said he, " I'm afraid
to."
" Afraid of what?" said papa.
" Afraid of the rats and mice, papa,
in the big lumber-room."
"Oh, nonsense!" said papa; "if
that's all, I'll soon fix you out. "
So papa took his writing materials,
and wrote this :
To all the Rats and Mice in this House, greeting
You are hereby ordered to let mv little boy
Frank pass safe through the lumber-room,
and all other rooms, at all times. This order
will stand good till countermanded.. Any
rat cr mouse disobeying will be dealt with
according to law, Witness my hand and
seal
Then papa signed the paper, and
sealed it with a big red seal, and gave
it to Frank, who thanked papa, kissed
him good night, and trudged up stairs
without another word ; for he had often
seen papa give passes to people who
wanted te go somewhere, or do some
thing, and he had a high opinion of his
father's "passes."
So, when he came to the door of the
lumber-room, he dung it wide open, and
called out " Ho ! Misses rats and mice,
you can't touch me; here's my pass."
And every night, when he went up to
bed, he held out his pass to the rats and
mice ; and none of them ever did him
any harm. Nursery.
Ants In Central America.
Thethiiftiest people in Central Amer
ica are the smallest the ants. Some
of them are wonderful workers. There
is one kind, a sort of wee, wee truffle
growers, who live together in immense
swarms, and do such a deal of cutting
up, that it is almost as much as the for
ests can do to stand against them. They
are caneu teat cutters lor the reason j
- - - ., ' ' vuv UIUIIO W i 1,111,11.,111,1.1
and thousands to bring in leaves, which
they cut from the trees in such quanti
ties that whole plantations of mango,
orange and lemon trees are sometimes
stripped and killed.
Do they eat the leaves ? Not at all.
They live on funny little truffles, or
fungi, of their own raising. They use
the leaves only to make hot-beds for
their dainty plants, in chambers under
ground. One colony of leaf -cutters will
have a great many of these cellar cham
bers, all united "by tunnels for quick
transit, and well supplied with what
builders call ventilating shafts ; for the
ants are very particular about having
plenty of fresh air. These shafts reach
to the surface of the ground. Each
chamber is about as large as a man's
head, and is kept a little more than half
full of cut leaves, overgrown with small
white fungus which the ants cultivate
for food.
There are three kinds of ants in each
colony : the workers, who go off to the
woods for leaver, and have all the out
side work to do ; some very small ants,
who stay at home and spend their time
cutting up the leaves that are brought
in, and taking care of the baby ants and
a few gigantic fellows, who manage
things, and do all the fighting in time
of war. Let any enemy disturb the
workers going out for leaves or bring
ing them home, and instantly the sol
diers will run out in force, with their big
jaws wide open, and settle things in
order. The little nurses come out
sometimes, too, but only for fun or ex
ercise. When they haven't anything to
do, and the weather is fine, they like to
take a run out with the workers, but
they do not bring any loads back.
Whenon1 of them gets tired, he just
climKup on a leaf that a worker is
bringing in as you might climb up on
a load of hay, and so enjoys a nice ride
home. St. Nicholas.
A Treasured Musket.
He was a remarkable-looking old gen
tleman, and he sat in the waiting-room
of the Central depot with an old-fashioned
gun across his knees. To one
who passed him by, in a casual way, he
seemed to be a hunter on his way to
some wood or field where game was to
be found. isut he who tarried a mo
ment learned that the old gentleman
was one whom the nation had honored
for his assistance in its time of need.
On the stock of the old gun was a plate
bearing the words :
By resolve of Congress,
Presented to
AMOS SOPER,
For his gallantry at the siege of Plattshurg.
The inscription told the story. The
old man was seventy-six. He says that
twenty young fellows, only two oi wnom
were over eighteen, lormed tnemseives
together and offered their services to
the United States General in command
at Plattsburcr : they were supplied with
some old muskets, and, on the 11th of
September, 1814, in the simple language
of the old man, they " did the best they
could. " His work was done so well that
on the 11th of September, 1826, the
musket, with the above inscription, was
given as a tribute of the nation s es
teem. Rochester Democrat.
A French gunmaker has invented a
rifle so arranged that the breech is
opened by cocking the piece, and, the
charee being introduced, the breech is
closed and the gun fired by touching
the triccer. The cartridge consists of
a hollow leaden cone filled with powder
and closed at the base by means ot
niene of cork. At the moment the cart
ridge is introduced into the breech the
powder escapes by a small hole in the
cork, and an imperceptible ball of ful
minar.inr nowder. which forms the
priming, takes its proper position. The
triple action of cocking, loading and
firing is thus effected simultaneously,
so that a man with very little experi
ence can fire twenty rounds a minute,
The cartridges are stored in an iron
t.nrA whinh is nlaced parallel with the
barrel, and contains thirty balls, so that
the piece may be fired as many times
iilmnat. wit.hnnr. anv interval, and With
ont rfimnvinff the stock from the shoul
der, as there is nothing to be done but
to cock ana puu tne trigger.
How to stop a cook-fight Let all par-
ties present claim a fowl.
FARM AND HARDEN.
MARK YOUR TOOLS.
You can easily mark your name upon
steel by a process called etching. Coat
over the tools with a thin layer of wax
or hard tallow, by firft warming the
steel and rubbing on the wax, warm
until it flows, and let it cool. When
hard mark your name through the wax
with a graver and apply some aquafor
tis (nitric acid); after a few moments
wash off the acid thoroughly with wa
ter, warm the metal enough to melt the
wax, and wipe it off with a soft rag.
The letters will be found etched into
the steel.
hens' teeth.
" Scarce as hens' teeth." This is an
old saw. Yet you should see to it that
your fowls are possessed of good teeth.
Not natural ones, exactly neither arti
fical ones, but natural artifical ones, in
the shape of gravel stones, with which
they my triturate the food in their giz
zards. Hens' teeth comprise no in
cisors, no canines, but are a finders,
The flatish, or scaly gravel is not suit
able, but a form approaching the
spherical is to be preferred. If your
neighborhood is not gravelly, blocks of
granite or quartz may be reduced to
irregular, angular fragments, which
are excellent. Shells of the quahog or
round clam pounded serve the double
purpose of grinding and affording a
supply of lime for the formation of egg
shells, and on this account are better
than oyster shells. Canada Farmer.
FINE AND COARSE HAT.
Producers are sometimes puzzled to
know why city buyers generally ask for
coarse, well-matured hay in preference
to the more tender and in reality more
nutritions kinds. Tne JAve Stock
Journal thus enlightens them : "City
men feed hay for a different purpose
than the farmer. The farmer feeds it
for its nutriment and as a principal
food, while the city man regards grain
as the cheapest food, and only gives
sufficient hay to make bulk in the stom
ach, and for the purpose of health.
Coarse, well-matured timothy serves
this purpose better than the early cut
and fine grass. They do not desire such
hay as will tempt the horses to eat too
much of it. Straw would answer this
purpose, if cut and mixed with the
grain, about as well. But farmers
should be contented with this practice
of the city customer, for it enables them
to sell their poorest hay for the best
price, and to re' ain the best quality for
home consumption. "
MULCHING APPLE TREES.
If mulchinar was not attended to in
j the spring the following is a good time
to have it done. Then, strawey manure
; and such material could be obtained for
j the purpose ; now, it will be a good plan
I to cut some swale hay, or trim up the
coarse grass and braKes growing in tne
pasture or ong
the road-sides to be
used as a mulch. One of the best or
chardists in Kennebec county informs
us that he has noticed the most excel
f ent results from mulching bearing fruit
trees in August, and some of the heavi
est crops of apples he ever obtained he
attributes to the use of mulching at this
season. If the material used does not
decay sufficiently before winter sets in,
it may be a good plan to throw it away
from the trees a little, that it may not
afford lodgment for the mice, as they
are very liable to injure young trees in
winter by gnawing the bark, and the
mulch, if it is not pretty thoroughly de
cayed furnishes them just the house
they like. Hence the advantage of
putting on the mulch early in spring
but it is better to be put on now than not
at all. And, considering its great advan
tages, it is not a little surprising that or
chardists do not practice mulching to a
greater extent than they do. It is the
very best means for promoting the life
and growth of young trees, and the or
chardist who neglects it ought never to
eat of the fruit thereof. Maine
Farmer.
DON'T FEED TOO MUCH CORN.
It is evident that much of the disease
that affects swine in this country comes
from feverish food. While we do not
agree with the theory that heavy corn
feeding produces cholera, and that it is
the chief cause of this troublesome
epidemic, nearly every feeder of hogs
will admit that constant and excessive
corn feeding to hogs is dangerous and
should be avoided. The lollowing Irom
the Western Farmer is good advice,
and should be followed, as much for
the purpose of preventing disease as for
economy :
The indications are decidedly in favor
of a good price for corn during the
summer and next fall and winter. In
view of this, it is especially important
that farmers should take provision to
secure as much growth and flesh for
their stock during the summer as prac
ticable, and to provide food that will
take the place oi corn to some extent.
If there is a good held oi clover for
the hogs, this will save the corn dur
ing the summer. We wisn tbere was
more attention paid to root growing for
stock feeding. Some farmers have
found peas a profitable crop for feeding
from the field, sown either alone or
with oats. A great growth of pump
kins can be secured and they are well
worth their cost. Corn thickly sown in
drills is not only valuable for cattle, but
for hogs in the early fall.
We would substitute artichokes for
pumpkins, and plant them in a field by
themselves.
TREATMENT OF HORSES.
Mere hard work does not break down
horses, unless it is carried to that ex
tent which becomes cruelty, when it de
serves some rebuke. Good feed, with
good care, will sustain ordinary or ex
traordinary horses through the most se
vere requirements that ever ought to
be put upon them. If a man abuses
his own strength and endurance it forms
no justification for excessive strain put
upon his animals. He takes extra bur
dens in the hope of gaining a reward
thereby, which becomes his personal
possession and serves him, if he chooses
so to regard it, as compensation for his
abuse of personal strength. But there
is no such hope for the poor patient ani
mals which contribute of their very life
to aid his desires. A horse at twenty
should be in his prime. Any well kept
farm er road team is really much better
for all performances during the years
from twelve to twenty, than from four
to twelve ; and yet it is a notorious fact
that a twelve year old herse among our
people is regarded as far down the de
cline, and if put in the market is viewed
with suspicion, because it is supposed
he can not last long, having done so
much service. The truth is that his
debility comes of shameless abuse.
The horse does not reach full maturity
until with good care and kind treatment
he has attained eight or nine years of
age, and it is equally true that a large
portion of our horses, probably much
more than half of all the number, never
develop their full power because of
early abuse upon them. Husbandman.
HEALTH OF FARMERS.
Massachusetts is winning an honora
ble reputation for the excellence of her
' statistical reports. Among the most
valuable of these is that of the Board of
Health, which devotes a number of
pages to the health of the agricultural
population. The facts, it is said, are
gathered from the reports of leading
physicians in the State. The diseases to
which farmers are most subject are, in
the order of their frequency, rheuma
tism, dyspepsia, fever, ague, lung dis
eases and consumption. These, and
other diseases not named, are produced
by overwork, improper diet, exposure,
and defective dwellings. The remedy
for the evil effects of overwork is simple
and obvious, namely, don't. Easier
said than done, of course, especially in
Massachusetts ; but if one's whole mind
is given to solving the problem, some
thing may be effected. In regard to
diet, the report says: Bad bread is
common ; much of it made with un
wholesome substitutes for yeast ; meat
is almost always fried ; too much pork
and beans are used ; pies and cakes are
too plenty ; the diet is not sufficiently
varied ; coffee, tea, and yyatf are too
freely used ; (the element last named,
we suppose, being used in excess inter
nally rather than externally), too much
fat used in cooking and baking. The
advice which follows is a natural deduc
tion fr.om " the foregoing : Use more
fresh and less salt meat; substitute
broiling and roasting for frying ; eat
more fruits and vegetables, and fewer
pies, cakes and sweetmeats ; make bet
ter bread, and, finally, abjure feather
beds and ventilate sleeping apartments
better. For some of these evils we can
see no cure but co-operation. Fresh
meat, for instance, can hardly be ob
tained in some parts of the country, and
if obtained would probably be cut up
and cooked in such inartistic fashion
as would not develop it most nutritious
qualities. This and the other faults of
farmers' diet would find a natural solu
tion in co-operation. If the farmers
will confine their attention more to
such practical questions as are suggest
ed by the report, there will be leBS
dyspepsia. It has been noted, too,
by intelligent observeis, that farmers
are more subject to the attacks of dis
ease in the fall than at any other time.
This is doubtless due to the overtaxing ot
the system during the busy season. A
change of scene and associations, even
if only for a few hours, will often do
much to counteract the effects of this
exhaustion. Go fishing or hunting, if
you cannot take more elaborate recrea
tion ; but try at all events to secure for
all hands a short recess when the har
vest is over Christian Union.
Household Helps.
Wild Crab Apple Jelly. Cover the
fruit with water and boil until soft,
then strain ; add one pound of sugar to
each pint of juice ; boil from fifteen to
twenty minutes.
All plants require to be potted
tightly, for if the soil is left loosely
about their roots the plants often die.
When the roses have been well trimmed
and potted, soak the pots in water for a
few moments, letting the soil become
thoroughly wet ; then place them in a
cool, shady location, and let them re
main there until there is danger of a
hard frost.
Ham Dressed in Claret. Take a
glass of claret, a teaspoonful of sugar,
and one of chopped onion ; place in a
frying-pan ; when the claret boils place
in the rashers of ham, not cut very
thick ; cool well, and serve with the
sauce. This is a most appetizing dish.
The very common use of soda for
washing linen is very injurious to the
tissue, and imparts to it a yellow color, j
In Germany and Belgium the following .
mixture is now extensively and benefi- j
cially used : Two pounds of soap are
dissolved in about five gallons of water
as hot as the hand can bear it ; then
next is added to this fluid three large
sized tablespoonf uls of liquid ammonia i
and one spoonful of best oil of turpen- !
tine. These fluids are incorporated
rapidly by means of beating them to
gether by a small birch broom. The
linen is then soaked in this liquid for
three hours, care being taken to oover
the washing-tub by a closely-fitting
woolen cover. By this means the linen
is thoroughly cleansed, saving much
rubbing, time and fuel.
Sheep's Hearts Roasted. Having
was nea tne hearts, stuff each with an
onion parboiled and then minced fine,
two tablespoonfuls of bread-crumbs,
half a teaspoonful of chopped or dried
sage, and sufficient black pepper and
salt to season highly. Press the stuff
ing well into tbe hearts, and, if neces
sary, fasten a little muslin over the top
to keep it in. Whilst roasting baste
frequently. They may also be baked,
but care must be taken not to let them
get dry. Any heart that may be left is
excellent hashed.
A Nice Pvtdding Sauce. Mix one
cup Bugar, four teaspoonfuls of corn
starch and just cold water enough to
dissolve thoroughly, then pour on a cup
of boiling water and let it boil twenty
minutes or half an hour. Then add
two tablespoonfuls of good cream.
Flavor with currant, strawberry or
raspberry juice. In making sauce, if
the flour and sugar water boil a good
while the sauce looks clearer and nicer ;
common white flour is just as good as
corn starch. Use a little more water
than the recipe, so as to allow for boil
ing away.
Chinese Merchants.
The New York Tribune's Houg Kong
correspondent gives a very uncompli
mentary sketch of the Chinese mer
chant. Those who enjoy the reputa
tion of merchants in California are, he
declares, scoundrels of the most des
perate description who have been de
ported from China for crimes. He
describes the means of becoming a
merchant in the Flowry Land. Two
vagrants will form a partnership and
live together at an aggregate income of
42 cents a day, half of which sum tney
save. At the end of six months they
buy a sedan-chair and procure a license.
xne cnances of arrest for larceny at tms
stage are ten to one, but if the critical
period is successfully passed they be
come small merchants, earning or $3
a day. At the end of two years they
have amassed some $200 apiece, and
then, separating, become independent.
They buy goods on credit, and by
means of cheating, swindling, black
mailing, and extortion manage to be
come wealthy. The blackmailing proc
ess requires the co-operation of a
mandarin, who deals out justice and
pockets half the fine imposed. Of
course as the merchant becomes wealth
ier his chance of punishment becomes
smaller, but when caught he is branded
and deported to San Francisco. This
seems to be a very bad state of affairs ;
but the United States correspondent of
a Hong Kong paper might with equal
justice translate the account and send
it back to China as a graphic descrip
tion of certain phases of American com
mereial life.
The coastwise trade of the United
States, during the last fiscal year, was
abont two and one-half times greater
than the foreign trade.
A Budget of Useful Information.
WEIGHTS OF A CUBIC FOOT OF VARIOUS
SUBSTANCES.
Lb
Lb.
Loose earth 95
Common soil 134
Clay and stone 160
Cork 15
Strong soil 127
fallow 59
Clay 135fBnck
.125
NUMBER OF TREES ON AN ACRE, AT VARI
OUS DISTANCES.
At
feet, apart each way 2,720
.1,749
.1,200
. 689
. 430
. S25
. 200
. 135
. 110
70
50
USEFUL ITEMS.
An Irish mile is 2,240 yards ; a Scotch
mile is 1,984 yards ; an English or
statute mile, 1,760 yards; German,
1,806; Turkish, 1,826.
An acre is 4,840 square yards, or 69
yards, 1 foot, 8J inches each way. A
square mile, 1,760 yards each way, con
taining 640 acres.
A legal stone weighs 14 pounds, or
the eighth of a hundred, in England,
and 16 pounds in Holland.
The fathom (six feet) is derived from
the height of a full grown man.
A hand, in horse measure, is four
inches.
CAPACITY OF CISTERNS OR WELLS.
Tabular view of the number of gal
lons contained in the clear, between the
Diameter. Gal. Diameter. Gal.
2 feet equal 19 8 feet equal 313
2J " " 30 8X " " 353
3 " " 44 9 " " 396
3 " " 60 9J4 " " 4il
4 " " 78 10 " " 489
4X " 99 11 " " 592
5 " " 122 12 " " 705
H4 " " 148 13 " " , 827
6 " " 176 14 " " 959
6 " " 207 15 " " 1,101
7 " " 240 20 " ' 1,958
74 " " 275 25 " " 3,059
BOX measurements.
The following table will be found
very valuable to many of our readers :
A box 24 by 16 inches square, and 14 inches
deep, will contain a barrel (five bushels).
A box 24 by 16 inches square, and 14 inches
deep, will contain half a barrel.
A box 26 by 15$ inches square, and 8 inches
deep, will contain one bushel.
A box 12 by 11J inches square, and 8 inches
deep, will contain half a bushel.
A box 8 by Sh inches square, and 8 inches
deep, will contain one peck.
A box 8 by 8 inches square, and 4J inches
deep, will contain one gallon.
A box 7 by 8 inches Bquare, and 4 $- inches
deep, will contain half a gallon.
A box 4 by 4 inches square, and 4J inches
deep, will contain one quart .
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Bxishcl. LbH.BuAheUt. Lb.
Wheat tiujSweet potatoes 60
Peas 60 liruothy seed 44
Rye 59 Blue grass seed 45
Oats 32!Dried peaches 38
Barley 47jDried apples 24
White beans fit) Buckwheat .. 52
Castor beans .46 Onions 57
Clover seed 60 Salt 50
Flax seed 5fiiran 20
Shelled corn 56 Turnips 55
Corn in the ear 70 Corn-meal 48
Irish potatoes 60 1 Fine salt 56
A BUSHEL OF CORN.
One bushel of corn will make a little over
10$ pounds of pork gross.
When corn costs 13J cents per bushel, pork
costs If cents per pound.
When corn coats 17 cents per bushel, pork
costs 2 cents per pound.
When corn costs 25 cents per bushel, pork
costs 3 cents per pound.
When corn costs 33 cents per bushel, pork
costs 4 cents per pound.
When corn costs 50 cents per bushel, pork
costs 5 cents per pound.
The following statements show what the
farmer realizes on his corn, when in the form
of pork :
When pork sells for 3 cents per pound, it
brings 32 cents per bushel in corn .
When pork sells for 4 cents per pound, it
brings 42 cents per bushel in corn.
When pork sells for 5 cents per pound, it
brings 52$ cents per bushel in corn.
NUMBER OF SEEDS IN A BUSHEL.
A Scotch paper gives the following
table, said to be based upon actual trials
of the number of various kinds of seeds
in a bushel. It also adds the weight,
by which we can judge how the bushel
measures compare with ours :
Xo. SmU, Aro. Ibt,
Same. per lb. per bu.
Wheat 10,500 58 to 64
Barley 15,400 48 to 66
Oats 20,000 38 to 42
Rye 22,000 56 to 60
Canary Grass 54,000
Buckwheat 25,000 48 to 50
Turnip, Rendle's Swede 155,000 50 to 56
Turnip, cornisn lioiaiast aaa.ooo 50 to 56
Turnip, Orange Jelly 233,000 50 to 66
Cabbage, Scotch Drumhead. . . 128,000 66
Cabbage, Savoy Drumhead. . . 117,000 60 to 56
Clover, Red 249,600 60
Clover, White 686,400 50 to 56
Bye Grass, Perennial 314,000 20 to 28
Rye Grass, Italian 272,000 17 to 18
Sweet Vernal Grass 923,200 8
BUSINESS LAW.
The following brief compilation of
business law is worth a careful preser
vation, as it contains tne essence of a
large amount of legal verbiage :
It is not legally necessary to say on a note
" for value received.
Contracts made on Sunday cannot be en
forced,
A note by a minor is void.
A contract made with a minor is also void.
A contract made with a lunatic is void.
A note obtained by fraud, or from a per
son in a state of intoxication, cannot be col
lected.
If a note is lost or stolen, it does not re
lease tbe maker; he must pay it, if the con
sideration for which it was given, and the
amount, can be provon.
An indorser of a note is exempt from lia
bility if not served with notice of dishonor
within twenty-four hours of its "non-pay
ment.
Notes near interest only when it is so
stated.
Principals are responsible for the acts of
their agents.
Each individual in a partnership is respon
sible for the whole amount of debts of the
arm.
Ignorance of the law excuses no one.
It is a fraud to conceal a fraud.
The law compels no one to do impossi
bilities. An agreement witnout consideration is
void.
Signatures made with a lead pencil are good
m law.
A receipt for money is not always conclu
sive. The acts of one partner bind all the rest.
Washed Postage Stamps.
Third Assistant Postmaster-General
Barber, who has given the subject much
attention, expresses a belief that the
government is annually defrauded out
of 81.000.000. or 5 per cent, of th
amount of stamps sold, by the nse of
washed postal stamps. To be able to
defraud the government of so large an
amount it is evident that there must be
an organized or systematic business car
ried on in this line. In manv cases
b owever, the washing is so poorly done
t to be detected, in which case the
letter is treated as if not stamped at all
and forwarded to the Dead Letter Office
with other matter held for postage
While the government loses the amount
that should have been paid for postage
the person practicing the fraud gains
notnmg, as nia letter is not delivered,
Removal of Dry Puttt. According
to an English journal, the difficulty of
removing hard putty from a window
sasn can be obviated with great readi
ness by simply applying a niece of
heated metal, such as a soldering-iron
or other similar implement. When heat
ed (but not red-hot), the iron is to be
passed slowly ever the putt , thereby
rendering tb latter so soft that it will
part from the wood without any trouble.
A Madman's Freak.
When Artemus Ward was in Utioa,
he says that a man smashed one of his
finest wax figures because he would not
have Judas Iscariot exhibited in the
town. The incident is recalled by one
that happened at the Paris Exposition
a few days ago. In the department of
costumes there is a Japanese warrior in
full uniform, seated on a stuffed horse.
The costume is real, having been in
use, and the wax head taken from life.
A young and very well dressed man had
been walking about the room looking
at historical canes and dressing gowns
of Voltaire, and studying with great at
tention the costumes of the time of
Henry IV. Suddenly his eye fell upon
the Japanese warrior, and in an instant
his face underwent a change. He be
gan to abuse the guardians, and to ask
if they had no sense of shame, no feel
ing of loyalty, no reverence for the his
tory of their country, no patriotism in
their natures. As a crowd began to
gather, the young man sprang upon the
warrior, seized him by the throat, and
drasrged him to the ground, where he
smashed the wax head with his cane.
Arrested at once, he gave his name as
Norbert de Molon, his real name by the
by, but said that he was no other than
Henri IV., tl e legitimate King of
France, come to visit his bon ville de
Paris in disguise. He was greatly out
raged to see himself represented in a
public exposition by such a frightful
manikin. At the station his first words
were that he was very hungry. A soup,
a roast, and a glass of wine were set
before him. "Eat," said a sergent,
"it will do you good." "Ah! you
think it will do me good, eh ? " and be
fore any one could stop him he ran out,
ohased by several policemen, but was
not caught until headed off by another
policeman upon the Pont de la Con
corde. It is presumed that want of
food was the cause of this young man's
frenzy, and he is now being provided
for at the maison de sante, where he
talks constantly about that frightful
statue of Henry IV.
Got Him ob a String.
Some of those Sixth ward boys are
traveling in the broad road which lead
eth to destruction. A parcel of them
got down on a policeman because he
wouldn't let them play "prison goal,"
and they stretched a clothes line across
the alley, watched out for his coming,
and then ran down the alley and called
him far worse names than the boys of
ancient time called the Prophet Elisha,
and were devoured by the bears as pun
ishment. The policeman thought he'd
arrest a few of them and have that little
business nipped in the bud right then
and there. He accordingly galloped
down the alley, shouting "halt!" at
them, but when he struck the line he
changed the nature of his shout. The
line took the officer across the mouth,
sagged forward, sprang back, and the
copper was lifted off his feet and thrown
into a pile of ashes, with half his teeth
rattling as he drew his breath. He
murmured a great big oath and jumped
up, thinking that two of the boys had
been holding the line, and he struck it
again on the run. This time it caught
him under the throat, almost sawed his
head off, and then bent him over back
wards until his spinal cord was doubled
up like a telescope, while all the boys
kept howling : " O, did you see him
flop ?" The officer is not on duty now.
He hns porous plasters all the way up
his back, sponges his gums every half
hour with camphor, and wears a red rag
around his throat. They were carrying
up some dime novels yesterday for him
to read, and the face of every Sixth
ward boy smiled iike " a pumpkin be
tween the corn hills. Detroit Free
Press.
Change in the Management of the
Chicago Tribune.
The Chicago Journal of the 30th ult.
says :
We learn from undoubted autnority,
that on Thursday, of the present week,
Mr. Joseph Medill bought from Mr. Al
fred Cowles and Mr. Horace White,
three-fifths of their interest in the Chi
cago Tribune property for the sum of
$300,000. The stock of the Tribune
Company is $200,000 at its par value,
divided into 2U0 snares at $i,ouu eacn.
Messrs. Cowles and White sold 60
shares for the above-named sum, being
at the rate of $5,000 per share, and
they retain 41 shares. Mr. Medill
now owns 10b shares, and will, of
course, be the chief editor. Mr.
Cowles will remain as heretofore the
business manager, and we understand
tnat Mr, wnite, after making a journey
to Europe, will resume nis connection
with the paper as an editorial writer.
.During the nine years that Mr. White
has been the chief editor of the Tribune
its net profits have averaged $147,000
per years, from which it appears that,
although Mr. Medill has made this
purchase on the basis of $1,000,000 for
the whole establishment, he has got a
very good thing.
Narrow Gauge Railroads. It is be
coming clear that narrow gnage rail
roads are going to be important factors
in the future development of new coun
tries, it is said by expert judges of
the ratio of expense in transportation,
that a road of three feet gauge can
carry five tons of paying, freight on each
car as cheaply as the ordinary gauge
road can carry the oars empty. In the
case of the Grand Rapids, Greenville
and Alpena railroad, of Michigan, it is
shown that whereas the 236 miles of
road would cost, if built on the four
foot eight and one half inch gnage, $5,
847,344, on the plan of the three foot
gauge it would cost only $8,595,632 a
saving approximating to forty per cent.
An invention is now on exhibition in
Liverpool by which oil or glycerine is
made to perform the functions of steam,
by the same means application oi uoj
which expands the oil placed in small
cylinders, from which it is claimed a
pressure of 10,000 pounds per square
inch may be obtained witnout tu "au
ger of steam explosion, which prevents
using a pressure of more than 200
pounds to the square inch generally. In
this case an explosion wouia oiuy cinca
the cylinder containing the oil, it is
claimed. The application of this pro
cess has been made to a printing press
and a punching and riveting machine,
which are on exhibition.
Do Does Perspire ? It is frequently
urged as an argument against the ordi
nary method of muzzling dogs, that it
closes the mouth, and thereby prevents
perspiration, which, in the dog, is said
to take place only through the mouth.
This, according to Land and Water,
is an error; perspiration going on
through the skin as in other animals.
The idea of perspiratory glands in the
in nhnraeterized as absurd, these
organs being only found in the dog's
ulrir, wWh is abundantly suppli d with
them. The real cruelty of the close or
strap muzzle is, that it hinders free
respiration, rather than free perspira
tion. Ptbst loves seldom, last loves never
wed.
THB PLAI5S A PBUPSHI.
BY JOAQUIN
Go ye and look upon that land
That far vast land that few behold.
And none beholding understand
That old, old land which men eaH new
Go journey with the seasons tfcroogb
Its wastes, and learn how Umltln .
The solemn silence of that plate.
Is, oh ! so eloqueat. The bias
And bended skies seem built tor Mf
And all else seems a yesterday,
An idle tale bnt Illy told.
Its story is of God alone.
For man has lived and gone away
And left bnt littl a heaps of stose.
Lo ! here you learn how more tfeax fit
And dignified is silence when
You hear the petty jeers of mem.
Its awful solitude remain
Thenceforth tor aye a part ot yon,
And yon have lea r ned your littleness.
Some silent red men cross your track ;
Some sun-tanned trappers come and go
Some rolling seas of buffalo
Break thunder-like and far away
Against the foot-hills, breaking back
Like breakers of some troubled bay ;
Some white-tailed antelope blown by
So airy-like ; some foxes shy
And shadow-like more to and fro
Like weavers' shuttles as yon pass ;
And now and then from out the grass
You hear some lone bird cluck and call
A sharp keen call for her lost brood,
m That only makes the solitude
Seem deeper still, and that la all.
That wide domain of mysteries
And signs that msn misunderstand ;
A land of space and dreams ; a land
Of sea-salt lakes and dried up seas ;
A land of caves and' caravans
And lonely wells and pools ; a land
That hath its purposes and plans ;
That seems so like dead Palestine,
Save that its wastes have no confine
Till pushed against the leveled skies ;
A land from out whose depths shall rise
The new-time prophets ; the domain
From out whose depths shall come.
All clad in skins, with dusty feet,
A man fresh from his Maker's hand,
A Blnger Binging oversweet,
A charmer charming very wise ;
And then all men shall not be dumb
Kay, not be dumb, for he shall say,
" Take heed, for I prepare the way
For weary feet;" and from this land
The Christ shall come when next the race
Of man shall look upon his face.
Harper'eor November.
Pith and Point.
A prymate An inquisitive wife.'
Men of letters Postoffice elerke.
Rifle practice Picking pockets.
What is always offered at cost? The
law.
A high note One of a thousand dol
lars. The harness of life The traces of
time.
When does a man have to keep his
word ? When no one will take it.
Sponge baths are recommended.
The best way to get one is to go to some
bath-room, take a bath and tell the pro
prietor to charge it.
A boy astonished his parents the oth
er day by casually remarking that the
back of that hair-brush seemed to him
"almost a sacred thing."
Nothing will test a man's strength of
purpose and steadiness of eye so thor
oughly as the endeavor to balance an
eel on the end of his nose.
" I wan't to know," said a creditor,
fiercely, " when you are going to pay
me what you owe me ?" "I give it up,
replied the debtor, " ask me something
easy."
Well B , a spirited boy of six,
has a mother whom he adores, and a
" next older " sister with whom he holds
profound theological discussions. On a
the subject was universal depravity.
" Why, Will, everybody is wicked,
even pa and ma." " Maggie 1 Ma wick
ed ?" " Yes, Will, everybody ma too."
Will (explosively) " Well, I'm glad of
it. " Alas, poor human nature ! Ma's
wickedness to Will only another bond
of sympathy. Christian Age.
Epitaph on a reporter by a lawyer :
Then A. J.'s dead,
Hie jacet, here he lies !
m Who knew reporter
E'er do otherwise ?
Epigram on the lawyer :
A legal friend proposes when I'm dead,
To write hie jacet o'er my lifeless head.
This will not suit him when his form is chill;
How can he lie when once his tongue is still ?
Twould have a fitter meaning If the line
Were straightway painted on his office sign.
When the divine afflatus seizes the
editor of the LaSalle Press he can
discount any poet. Listen to his la
test :
" The bullfrogs raised their tails on high.
And went bounding o'er the plain,
A bumble-bee went thundering by,
And then came on the rain."
One of the excursionists on a Lake
Cham plain boat recently went to sleep
on deck, and in the morning couldn't
find his Bhoes. " Where did yon put
them :" "I opened that little cup
board and laid them on the shelt," he
replied. The victim had opened the
wheel-house and laid his shoes on the
paddle-wheel.
A pistinguishep man whose name
and chin were both very long, and who
had lost his teeth, whereby the nose
and chin were brought very close to
gether, was told : "I am afraid your
nose and chin will fight ere long ; they
approach one another very menacingly.
"I am afraid of it myself," replied the
gentleman, "for a great many words
have passed between them already."
A Detroit gentleman who purchased
a box of peaches at the Central market,
the other day, looked around for a boy
who would carry them home, and pres
ently he found a ragged lad seated on a
bench eating the last remnant of a pear.
The man asked him if he wouldn t like
to earn ten cents by carrying the box to
such a number and street, and the boy
promptly replied that he wouldn't.
"Why?" queried the man. "Why?
echoed the boy, " because dad died the
other day, and now I'm head of the fam
ily, and how'd I look, luggin' peaches
around ?"
Eyes and Cold Water.
The American Journal of Health
and Medicine says, "The aquatic fu
ror has become so general that, for the
simple reason that cold water is a pore,
natural product, it is olaimed to be a
universal and beneficial application.
Arsenic is a pnre, natural and simple
product ; so is prns&io acid, as obtained
from the peach kernel. A single drop
of tobacco oil will kill a cat or a dog in
five minutes. Many persons are daily
ruining their eyes by opening them with
cold water of mornings. Cola water will
roughen the hands, and mnoh more will
it do so to the manifold more delicate
covering of the eye ; or the eye will, in
self defense, become sealy in the man
ner of fish ; that is, the coats of the eye
will thicken, constituting a species of
cateract, which must impair the sight.
That water, cold and harsh as it is,
should be applied to the eye for cura
tive purposes, in place of that warm,
soft, lubricating fluid whioh nature
manufactures, just for that purpose, in
dicates great thoughtlessness or great
mental obliquity. Nothing stronger
than lukewarm water should ever be
applied to the eye, exoept by medical
advice, and under special medical su
pervision.
Every married man in Pittsburgh has
turned boat-builder, and is creating a
gondola unto himself, since a returned
Venetial traveler upset one on the river
and drowned his wife. The girls look
on incaim approval.