VOL. 1.
ALBANY, OREGON, SATURDAY, JUNE 19, 1869.
NO. 41,
PREMIUM L.IST
- or TBI
LINN COUNTY AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
-t-TO BK AWARDED AT
THE THIRD ANNUAL. FAIR.
To be held at the Fair Ground; one mile South
of Albany, on Tuetdtty, Wednesday, Thurt
day and Friday, September 2StA 29ih,
30th and October 1st, 1SC9.
CLASS I. -CATTLE.
Superintendent, X. G. Wyatt. Committee J
Cogswell. W. M. Smith, Mr. Wyatt.
No. 1. Short Horns.
Bulls.
Best bull 3 rears o.d and upward..$lO 00 $
00
00
00
00
4. .4 I , 44
" " ealf 4
Best cow 3 years old and upward- 15 00 - 7 50
. . 2 " ' " 10 00 5 00
" heifer t - " " 5 0C 2 50
" calf. 3 00 1 50
No. 2. Devons.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 3. IIerefords.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 4. Ayrshires.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 5. Aldernets.
Sai e premiums as Xo. 1.
Exhibitors in Xos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 must furn
ish satisfactory evidence of age and pedigree.
No. 6. . Graded Cattle," Cross
Breeds.
Bulls.
. Best bull 3 vearr li and upward $S 00 4 00
" 2 " 6 00 3 00
44 4 4 J 44 44 44 4 00 2 00
- " calf 2 00 1 00
Coics.
Best cow 3 years old and upward $S 00 4 00
2 " ' " 6 00 3 00
" heifer 1 " " 4 01) 2 00
" calf.. 2 00 1 00
" milch cow of any blood 8 00 4 00
Rule. Exhibitors competing for premiums for
the best milch cow of any blood shall furnish the
Superintendent a certified statement of the amount.
by weight, of milk produced by the cow entered
by them, during ten days of the season preceding
the exhibition, with a statement of the age of the
calf at the time the milk is weighed, and kind and
amount of food.
No. 7. Fat Cattle
Competitors in this department are required to
file with the Corresponding Secretary a statement
of the age of the animal, time, manner, kind
quality and cost of feeding, and aH the expenses
connected with toe fattening.J
Fat ox, 5 years old and upward $ S 00 4 00
44 cow 5 " " 8 00 4 00
No. 8. Sweepstakes.
Bull of any breed $10 00..-. 5 00
Cow of any breed JO 00 5 00
Twenty per cent, entrance in the above depart
ment.
t
CLASS II. HORSES.
Superintendent, Jason Wheeler. Committee J.
Thomas, Mr. Wftham, S. Mansfield.
No. 1. Thoroughbred.
BestStallion4yearsoldandnp $10 00 $ 5 00
3 " " 6 00 3 00
2 " " 4 00 2 00
1 " 2 00 1 00
" suckling colt 2 00 1 00
Best mare 4 years old and up 10 00 5 00
" 3 " " 6 00 3 00
" 2 " " 4 00 : 2 00
1 " " 2 00 1 00
" suckling colt 2 00 1 00
In the department of thoroughbred animals,
whether cattle or horses, none will be permitted to
compete but such as have satisfactory pedigrees.
No.
No. 4. Running. Sweepstakes.
Best running 3 year old and up. two mile heats.
2 in 3, pure $25. Ihree to enter. Entrauce
$25, to be Added to the parse.
CLASS V. MULES and JACKS.
Superintendent, A. Conren. Committee-
Matthews, -U. Jrayne, a. iletiley.
Best Jack . 10 00
Best span work mules, Oreg.n
raised......... 5 00
Best yearling mule 4 00
Best sucking mule 2 00
Best Jennett 6 00
Entry fee 0 per ct. in this department
-W. J.
5 00
2 50
2 00
1 00
3 00
2. Graded.
Best stallion 4 yeais old and up. ..$10 00
" 3 " " 8 00
" 2 " "6 00
" 1 " " 4 00
' stallion colt 2 00
Best mare 4 year old and np 8 00
" 3 " "6 00
: " 2 " 4 00
" 1 " " 3 00'
" colt. .....2 00
No. 3. Sweepstakes.
Best brood mare and colt 4 years
old and upwards $10 00
Best gelding 4 years old and op'd 4 00
. ' .- No. 4.
Best span of match carriage horses, or
trotters, owned by one person $10 00
Best single horse or mare to buggy ...5 00
SyTho above to be tested.
No. 5.
Best span of horses forall work...... 10 00
Best span of draft horses or mares 4
years old and npward 10 00
' Tbe above to be tested and owned by one
person. 20 per cent, entrance in the above department.
mares,
5 00
2 50
5 00
5 00
Judges
CLASS VI. SHEEP
Superintendent, Jesse Parrish. Committee Juhn
Minto, 11. Uundy, v. unurcUill.
No. 1. American or Cross-Breed
Merinos. .
Best buck 3 years old and up...... $4 00 2 00
i i . 2 00 1 00
Best ewe.. ........ ..... 3 00 1 50
Best lamb 2 00 100
Betteweand lamb.... 4 00- 2 00
Beat three lambs 3 00 1 50
Best sample wool, quality and weight. 3 00 1 50
No. 2. French Merinos :y
Same premium as Xo. 1
No. 3. Spanish Merinos.
Same premiums as Xo, 1.
No. 4. Southdowns.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 5. New Oxfordshire.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 6. Cotswold.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 7. Graded Sheep.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 8. Fat Sheep.
Best wether 3 00 1 50
" buck for wool and mutton, of
nv breed 4 00 2 00
Entrance in this class 15 per cent.
Utile 1. Those exhibiting sheep for premiums
offered for wool and mutton, shall exhibit the
shorn fleece with tbe sheep, together with a state
ment of the time of its growth.
Jiule 2. The committee shall take into consid-
ation the quality as well as the weight of the fitece,
and quality and ige as well as weight of the car
cass.
CLASS VU1.-SWINE.
Superintendent, S. Froman. Committee Thos.
Cress, X. Price, H. Swank.
No. 1. Essex.
Best boar 2 years old, and upward, 4 00 2 00
1 j " 3 00 1 60
" 6 m'thsand not lyr.old 2 00 1 00
Best sow 2 years old and upward, 4 00 2 00
' 1 j 3 00 1 50
" 6 m'thsand not lyr.old 2 00 1 00
Best litter ef Disrs. not less than 6.
under 6 months old 2 00 - 1 00
No. 2. Berkshire.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 3. Chester Whites.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 4. Cross Breeds.
Same premiums as Xo. 1.
No. 5. Graded
Same premium as Xo, 1.
No. 6. Sweepstakes.
Best fat bog 1 year old and np 4 00 2 00
Best boar 1 year old and np 4 00 2 00
Entrance 15 percent.
7 SO
10 00
class m.
-A. Hannoo, 'Dr. Smith, P. Scott.
. No. 1. Trotting.
MUe heats, two in three, Oregon
raised horses that have not made
better time in nublio than 34
minutes ... ...... ......,. $15 00
No. 2.
Best trotter 4 years old and npward
two miles...... . 20 00
Best trotter 3 yetxs old and npward
one m lie .a .. .. ... 15 00
Best trotter 2 years old, one mile. 10 00
-v No. 3. "
Stallions Sweepstakes.'
Best trotter one mile...........l 10 00
Two asilo heats, i in 3, pane $20. . Three to enter
and two to eo. Entrance $20, to be added to
tho purse.
CLASS IV.
No. 1. Running.
Best running, 2 in S, nil heata... $30 00
Beat running, 4 year olds 1 mile.. 25 00
S year olds, 1 mile.. 20 00
. " year olds, 1 mile- 13 00
No. .2.
Best 2 straight miles............... ,30 00
No. 3. Pacing.
5 00
15 00
11 00
10 00
7 00
15 00
Best single pacer to harness, 2 milef 15 00
Best walker, 1 mile M
CLASS Vm GRAIN AND VEGETABLES.
To be GTown bv the person competing.
Superintendent, E. R. Geary. Committee R. B.
Wilioughby, J. 15. -Ualoiiett, u. Jjaviasot..
No. 1.
Best 5 acres of fall wheat $10 00 $5 00
5 " spring wheat - 10 00 5 00
5 oats - 10 00 5 00
5 " corn. 10 00 5 00
" broom corn 10 00 5 00
Best sample of broom corn.......... 1 00 50
-Competitors tor tne above premiums must.
furnish certificates 1 of themselves showing the
method of cultivation, and that of two disinteres
ted persons as to the actual product.
Bestl bushel of fall wheat 1 00
1
1
1
1
1
i
i
spring wheat ... 1 00
oats
buckwheat......
rye.....
barley
white corn.....
yellow corn....
Best assortment of grains
Best peck of flax seed..... ........
timothy seed
clover seed.....
No. 2. Vegetables.
..l
-i
..i
.-i
..2
1 oo
1 oo
l oo
1 oo
1 oo
1 oo
3 00
2 00
1 00
1 00
50
50
50
50
60
50
50
50
00
00
60
60
Best peck of white beans
other varieties
peas.......... ,
Best half bushel potatoes .
- ' " 1
Best pnmpkins and squashes.
onions .....
beets
carrots.....
parsnips ..
turnips .. ..
tomatoes.,
cabbage...
' egg plant.,
.......I
1
...1
1
00
00
00
50
00
00
00
00
00
a.l 00
..1 00
...1 00
.1 00
-1 00
50
60
50
00
00
50
50
50
60
60
50
50
SO
60
00
' exhibit of garden vegetables... 2 00 1
No. 3. Melons.
To be grown by the exhibitor.
Best specimen watermelon 1 50 1
" ; muskmelon ...... 50 1
No. 4. Flour.
Best fifty pounds of flour................
" . corn mesJU .........
'.' " -. buckwheat flour..
Class IX. Domestic Manufacture
Exhibited by the .manufacturer.
B. H. 'Washburn. Superintendent. E. B.
Moore, E. E. Wheeler, W. W. Parrish, Com
mittee. .
-2
..2
..2
00
00
No. i. .
Beat five pounds butter, four months
old or oyer......... 3 00 1 50
Best five pounds butter, one year old
and upwards, with mode of mak- -
' ing and putting up- .5 00 2 60
eheese 3 00 1 60
ten pounds of lard- 1 00' 60
" four pounds of candles- -.1 00 60
ten pounds of soap- 1 00 . 60
. ' pair of bacon hams......... .......2 00 1 50
- pair of bacon sides 2 00 1 60
three brooms M.... 1 00 '. 50
- basket.... 1 00 60
- - ' No. 2.
Best Oregon jeans, five yards. 2 00 1 00
soeks, two pairs ......1 00 - 60
cloth, all wool, five yards. 2 00 1 00
yarn, two pounds I 00 50
pair blankets . ..-..3 00 1 50
pair mittens.. 1 00 50
pair buckskin gloves.. 1 00 50
Class X Home Work. .
Exhibited by the maker.
Mrs. Delaion Skith, Superintendent. Mrs.
E. E. Wheeler, Mrs. W. Ralston, Mrs. W. J.
Mathews.
Best needle work shirt - 2 00 1 00
needlework quilt 4 00 2 00
needlework dress 2 00 1 00
largo crotchet work. 2 00 1 00
home-made carpet, five yards.3 00 1 50
specimen of fancy knitting 00 60
plain n edie work 1 00 50
straw hat 1 00 50
large embroidered cushion 2 00 I 00
. ornamental needle work. 2 00 1 00
worked collar 1 00 60
leather work.- 2 00 1 00
t hair work 2 00 1 00
shell work 2 00 1 00
' feather work 2 00 1 00
Class XI. Flowers, Preserves," etc.
Mhs. James Elkins, Superintendent. Mrs.
Clark, Mrs. Hiram Smith, Mrs. Hugh Fields.
No. 1.
track at sueh times as the Secretary, through the
marshal, shall designate. Premium animals with
appropriate badges. '
Jiule 5. Any person having animals or stock
entered for premiums, or entered for speed, shall
nave the right to object to any judge upon tbe
same wherein that competitor is interest 1, and
the Superintendent shall fill the vacancy for that
case.
Best exhibit ofrare plants in pots 2 00
floral design, ornamental 2 00
roses.... - 1 00
bouquets 1 00
. No. 2.
Best cucumber pickles, etc - 1 00
preserves of each variety .1 uw
bottle fruit I
wheat bread.
jelly
gold cake.
00
..1 00
.1
.1
00
00
silver cake 1 00
00
t 00
1 00
. 50
50
grape wine,
vinegar-....
00
00
00
1 00
1 00
I
50
50
50
50
50
fruit cake. - 1
dried fruit of each kind 100
Class XII. Fruits and Wines. '
The produce of the exhibitors.
J. Ketchum, Superintendent. X. Sprengor, J
Hamilton, A. Condra, Committee.
No. 1. Apples.
Best twenty of any one variety 2 00 1 00
ten varieties, four specimens each. 2 00 1, 00
PEARS.
Best twenty of any one variety ....-2 00
tea varieties, four specimens each. 2 00
PEACHES.
Best twenty of any one variety 2 00
ten varieties, four specimens each. 2 00
TLUMS.
Best twenty of any one variety 2 00
ten varieties, four specimens each. 2 00
No. 2.
Best currant wine 1
1
1
No. 3.
Best jar of apple butter... 1 00
peach butter. 1 00
plum butter 1 00 61
pear butter.. . 1 00 Si
Class XIII. Mechanical Department.
Exhibited by the maker. -
J. Baibp, Superintendent. It. Caloway, J. W.
Fronk, H. A. McCartney, Committee.
OREGON MANUFACTURE.
Best four-horse wagon S 00
two-horse wagon 8 00
express wagon 8 00
plow 5 00
gang plow 10 00
seed sower 5 00
cultivator - 5 00
harrow. 5 00
reaper 15 00
Best pair 'fine boots 3 00
" coarse boot.. 3 00
Best carriage harness 5 00
saddle - 3 00
team harness 4 00
bee house .... 4 00
sample leather
bureau 4 00
sofa .-. 2
bedstead .. 2
lot of photographs 4 00
Wagons and plows to be tested.
Best cabinet organ or melodeon -3 00
Best equestrienne-.. diploma.
Best foot-race, one-fourth mile (en
trance fifty cents) purse ..$10 00
feU Premiums will be awarded on all articles
not here enumerated that may be thought worthy
manufactured in the State, and diplomas on
articles not manufactured in the btate.
4 00
4 00
4 00
3
5
00
00
00
00
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
1 50
Roles for Racing Trotting- & Running'.
Rule 1. Xo person shall act as judge in any
race on which he may have bet, or in which he
m be interested.
: Mule 2. The person entering for a race (or his
proxy) will draw for position on the track, under
tbe supervision of tne judges.
Rule 3. In all trials ef speed, only three starts
will be allowed, and any person who shall fail on
the third trial shall be ruled off by the judges.
but may have the privilege of going against the
tune of the race.
Rule 4. In trotting and pacing races, all ani
mals to carry 150 pounds in addition to the
vehcle.
'Hule 5. The premium will be withheld from
one or both of the parties in any race, if in the
opinion of the judges it is not a fair contest, as no
jockeying or Joul riding or driving wiu ne auow
' Rule 6. Xo competitor in any race will be
allowed any advantage by the break of his ani
mal. The judges are required to be particular on
this point.
' Rule 7, Any animal or animals entered in
race may go against the time of the race, provid
ed the intention so to do is stated to the judges
before any of the animals start. Any animal
bolting or flying the track may have the same
privilege.,', -:!' - - -
Rule 8. Anv animal that is not in readiness
at the precise time appointed, shall forfeit all
claims to the contest. ' .'-:'.
Rule 9. The usual time between heats will be
allowed. The weight for running will be three
year olds, 75 pounds ) four years old, 85 pounds ;
five -veara old. 85 pounds : six years old, 105
pounds ; seven years old, 111 pounds. .
:,iOenral Roles, -i -', .
. Rule 1. All articles on exhibition must remain
throughout the fair, and no premium will be paid
on any artiole or animal taken away before the
close of the same, without a written permit by the
President, and said permit must be placed on file
by the Recording Secretary. '
Rule 2. All entries to be made by 11 o'clock
of the second day." 1 ' '
Rule 3 Articles entered for premiums in the
pavilion, inoluding machinery, IS per cent, entry
fee, and the same rate for sheep and bogs at the
pens. AH other entries ot stooK zu per cent.,
except for speed, embraced in Class III., whioh
saau be 29 per cent. - '
Rule -4. -All animals competing: for premiums,
and all premium animals, must be paraded on the
Terms of Admission to Fair Ground.
Season ticket for persons - - - $1 50
Day ticket for persons - 75
Women and children free, except boys over
fourteen years of age.
Season ticket tor double carriage - $1 50
" " single - - 1 00
" " riding horse - - 1 00
Day ticket for the above at half price.
P. S. Persons wishing day tickets will pur
chase a day ticket for $1 50, and return it to the
ata keeper by six o clock ef the same day, and
receive 75cts, the amount due in change, as no
day tickets will be provided.
Hair .and Women.
tbe
j General Remarks.
B!ay and oats will be provided on the grounds.
at reasonable rates.
Good opportunities for camping, with plenty of
wood and water.
The people of Linn county, and especial'y the
ladies, are requested to furnish pictures and other
ornamonts tor tho pavilion. Xney will be well
cared for,
A general invitation is extended to the citizens
of other counties in Oregon to participate in and
compete tor premiums at the approaching k air.
lhe committees will be arranged and announced
on the first day of the Fair.
Win jptog pgfete
SATURDAY, JUNE 19, 1869.
A Bill is before Parliament, and has
passed the bouse of commons, to legalize
tbe marriage of a man with bis deceased
wife's 6ister, and the newspapers are
mucH dividea over it. I tie i nnes is
much opposed to the change, and says
A sister-in-law is never so serviceable
as immediately after a wife's death. At
present $he can offer her help at such a
time without risk of misconceDtion, but
if the law were altered, it would be im
possible for her to remain in her brother-
in-law s housa. I here is a clear conven
ience in the present state of things which
practically enlarges the family circle,
while we cannot admit that any real in
convenience is inflicted by the restriction
There is no dearth of women in England,
and a man can have no difficulty in find
mg a suitable wife. It can be no mate
rial hardship to interdict him from two
families- his own and his wife's.
J he Komaa church iorbids such mar
riages, but frequently grants dispensation
in their favor ; hence, Arch-bishop Man
ning and other Roman Catholic dignita
ries favor a change in the law, to cover
these last cases.
The Journalist. The New York
Express, alluding to the death of Mr,
Seymour, of the Times, says : "Journal
igts seldom perish from Ioog illness.
They generally pass away without hav
inr had, time to sacrifice upon a bed of
tedious illness. They wear to the last,
dying while in the harness without being
aware of it Probably no slave pen was
ever more to be feared than the pen of
the journalist who has the capacity for
hard and rapid work, and the courage to
do that work without cessation. Yet the
people deny him the honor of being
workiDgman. .
Summer Fruits. Acids promote the
separation of the bile from the blood,
which is then passed from the system,
thus preventing fevers, the prevailing
diseases of Summer. All fevers are bll
ious," that is, if bile is in the blood.
Whatever is antagonistic of fever is cool
ing. It is a common saying that fruits
are "cooling, ana also perries ot every
description; it is because the acidity
which they contain aids in separating the
bile from the blood, that is, aids in purl
fyingthe blood. 7 Hence the gTeat yearn
ingfor greens and lettuce, and salads, in
the early Spring, these being eaten with
' . . a .
vinegar ; hence, aiso, me tasto tor some
thing sour, for lemonades, on an attack of
fever. But this being the case, it is easy
to see that we nulify the good effects
of fruits and berries in proportion as vre
eat them with sugar, or even eweet milk
or cream. If we eat them in their natu
ral state fresh, ripe, perfectit is almost
impossible to eat too many, to eat enough
to hurt us, especially u we eat them alone,
not taking any liquid with them what
ever. ,
. ' 'A writer in the Journal of Commerce
says the aurora borealis is the silent dis
charge of accumulated electricity in the
atmosphere, furnishing the eame relief
to nature as flashes ot . lightning nnder
other conditions
A' young lady in Stanton, Va , j keeps
a list oi ner maie aquamcanoes in
"Your hair wants cutting' quoth'
barber.
"I don't want it cut. You barbers are
after a man's hair, the moment it grows
out of your stereotyped regulation clip."
"Wi en the hair gets too long it is apt
to fall off. Your hair is coming out
now." ' '
That's the story barbers have been tell
ing me for the last twenty years. Now I
want to know why, if keeping a man's
hair clipped so closely, S3 demanded by
the fashion of the present day is necessa
ry to its preservation, why the same rnle
does not hold in regard to women. As a
general things they allow the hair to grow
as long as nature wants it. uo yovt see
any bald headed women ? I am inclined
to believe that this constant cuttimr . and
clipping has something to do with the
baldness so prevalent amongst men. You
say the Hair is a sort ot a plant. It you
keeepupa constant practice of snimng
off the top of any plant it will finally die
down to the roct. Ihere s such a thing
as over-pruning."
At this juncture the barber grew met
aphysical.
'Quite a mistake, said he. "It s a
man's brain that so often kills his hair.
Men think more than women. They
wory and fret about their business
They use their brains more. Fact is
they have more brains. Well, using the
brains so much keeps the scalp heated.
This dries up the roots ot the hair.; bo
the shorter you keep the hair, the cooler
it must be and the longer it will last,
But women do not think so much as men
xou give a woman plenty to eat and
dress her as she likes that's nearly all she
wants. Her brain is not so active, bo
her skull is not heated up like a man's
and the hair is kept healthy. That's the
reason ot the difference, said the barber
triumphantly.
The above is no work of fiction. It is
a reality which transpired in this city
last AY ednesday. It is useful, as it shows
an estimate of hair and especiallv women,
held not only by a single barber, but
probably a large class of which be may
be a fitting representative. -i tgaro.
vJolor in the bKY. This crimson
of the morning and the eventng, and the
blue color of the sKy are due to common
cause. "The color has not the same ori
gin as that of ordinary coloring matter,
in which certain portion of the white
solar light are extinguished, the color of
of the substance being that of the
portion which remains. A violet is blue
because its molecular texture enables it
to quench, the green, yellow and red con
stituents of white light, and to allow tho
blue free transmission. A geranium is
red because molecular texture is such as
quenches all rays except the red. Such
colors are called colors of absorption ; but
the hue of the sky is not of that charac
ter. The blue light of the sky is reflect
ed light, and were there nothing in our
atmosphere competent to reflect the solar
rays we should see no blue firmament,
but look into the darkness of infinite
space. The reflection of tho blue is ef
fected by perfectly colorless particles.
Smallness of size alone is requisite to en
sure the selection and reflection of this
color. Of all the visual waves emitted
by the sun, the shortest and the smallest
are those which. correspond to the color
blue. On such waves small particles
have more power than upon large ones ;
hence the predominance of blue color in
all light reflected from exceedingly small
particles. The crimson glow of the Alps
in the evening and in the morning; is
due, on the other hand, to transmitted
light; that is to say, to light which, in
its passage through great atmospheric
distances, has had its blue constituents
sifted out of it by repeated reflection."
Professor Tyndall in JUacmillan.
Early Rising.- A young farmer
found he was getting reduced in circum
stances. He went to a friend to ask his
advice. This friend, with a grave face,
said, "I know of a charm that will cure
that ; take this little cup, and drink from
it every morning of the water you most
get at such a spring. But remember you
must draw it yourself at five o'clock, or
the charm will be broken." The next
morning the farmer walked across his
fields for the spring was at the farther
end of his estate, and spying a neighbor's
cows which had broken through the fence,
and were feeding on , his pasture," he
turned them out and mended . the fence.
The laborers were not yet at work j
when they , came loitering along after
their proper time, they were startled ; at
seeing their master so early. "Oh I" said
he, "I see how it is ; it comes of my not
getting np in time." This early rising
soon became a pleasant habit ; his walk
and cup of water gave him an appetite
for breakfast ; and the people were, like
him. early at work. He soon acknowl
edged that the advice hit friend had given
pocket diary, and calls it her him book. I him was as good as it was simple
The Principle Which Gives Rel
ish to Food and Drink. Much too
ittle has hitherto been thought by phys
iologistsand almost nothing has been'
written on taaf beautiful provision for
our happiness by which everything that
is useful as food or drink is most agreea
ble to the palate, so that the higher our
relish for any given article, the , more
perfectly is it digested, and made to
supply the wants of the system ; we have,
therefore, a natural guide to the right
kind of food at the right time, and, on
the other hand, have a disrelieh for arti
cles which not being suited to "our con
dition, would be injurious. But a little
reflection will show us that in this adap
tion of our palates to the peculiar taste
or osmazome of every distinct article of
food, we have a faithful sentinel, inviting
the admission of friends and protecting
us from the aproach of enemies.
Place before a child who has never'
tasted of sugar, or butter, or superfine
flour, or any other elements of food that
have been separated from their natural
connections, and whose tastes are there
fore unperverted, milk, unbolted bread,
meats, fruits, or any other Batural food
and he will chbose just that article which,
is best adapted to his condition at the
time, and may be trusted to eat as mucb
as he pleases. ,
But the taste is perverted with food in
which the flavor is excessive, as in but
ter, sugar, fine flour, etc., and it is no
guide, but deceptive. !
And here we are liable to err. Our
natural gustatory pleasures are not in
proportion to the amout of osmazome in
our food or drink. Nature's flavors are
very delicate, and the very choicest rel
ish is that produced by very slight traces
of osmazome. For example, take nut
meg, a very slight grating of which will
flavor a larg bowl of porridge. "(Attempt
to increase the relish by increasing the
quantity ot the Bpice, and you utterly
fail, making your beverage less and less
agreeable as you increase the quantity of
nutmeg, till it becomes disgusting, posi
tively injurious to the digestive process ;
and this is true of other condiments, and
indeed, all other good things. Delicate
flavors aie agreeable and useful in
prompting digestion ; but every article
which is capable of promoting health and
happiness in appropriate quantities, is
capable of doing harm in unnatural
quantities.- Dr. Bellows.
Defensive Instincts of Home.'
There is an ugly sipder that burrows in
the ground. She excavates a cavity in
somo desert place, lines it with a delicate
texture, and constructs a trap door with,
a hinge and two little handles by whioh
the inmate may hold it down, if beset
from tbe outside. If the door be forced
open by superior strength, right valliant
ly will she fight, even unto death, in de
fence of her poor abode. So it would
seem that the humblest and feeblest
creatures possess that beautiful instinct
which, strengthened and sublimated by
human reason, justified by human law,
and sanctified by the purest affection
makes home the holiest place in the uni
verse. The poorest inhabitant of a des
potic coutry cannot part from the 1 old
homestead without emotion. Like tbe
Irish peasant ; though born and reared in
abject poverty, with a pig for a fellow
lodger, rags for a covering, and a dreary
bog for a landscape, he looks back from
the emigrant ship with big tears on hia
cheek and a heavy sorrow in his heart.
Vulcanized Rubber Wheel Tires.
If we may give full credit to- the 'Ed
inburgh Scotchman, Mr. R. W, Thomp
son, of that city, has at length solved the
riddle, how to make steam locomotives
available on common carriage roads.
He has invented a tire for the wheels,
which, while pliable and yielding, is yet
so tough that not even sharp stones, sueh
as are used for macadamizing roads, will
cut or tear it. The steamers can run up
hill and down, over pavements or soft
plowed ground, and even over grass land,
leaving on the soft earth but a slight
mark, though the machine weighs about
eight tons. It can be driven through
crowded . thoroughfares, and turned
whithersoever the governor liateth, with
as much, ease and certainty as a horse
would be. It will go up steep grades
from one to twelve or sixteen feet with
perfect ease, dragging a dozen- tons
weight after it. And all this hard serv
ice its tires have done without showing
the slightest mark of wear. The tires
are about twelve inches wide and five
inches thick, and offer to the road a tough,
elastic cushion not very dissimilar to an
elephant's foot.
I