Rsn SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 0, lSGCT. China a Democratic Nation The Marysville Appeal, under the above heading, gives the following inter esting statements in regard to China and her Government, which are gleaned from a series of articles written by Rev. Wil liam Speer, Corresponding Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Education at Philadelphia. These statements are very interesting, containing much information in regard to the administration of Gov ernmental affairs in China coming as they do from a gentleman who, by personal observation and experience, is well ac quainted with his subject. Mr. Speer claims that the Chinese are the most democratic of nations, and that they have -perhaps risen as high as possible in the two great objects of human government security of life and property to the . governed and freedom of action under the individual restraints of law that thero are few nations of the world among whom tne freedom of the pcopla is more large, more squarely founded upon their intelligence, or mora carefully guarded against despotism, than the Chinese. He takes up the three leading features of their Government the theory of Impe rial power, the principles on which the General Government is administered and the forms of local popular government which universally exist. He says that the theory of the Imperial power is? that the people are not subjects, to be ruled by fear, but children, to be inspired and controlled by affection and gratitude toward a father, who with unceasing anxiety, watches over and cares for them all. To prove the comparative freedom of the people ho cites the fact that all preferment is planted upon education. He was at Canton upon the occasion of a great triennial examination of candidates for the second degree, which entitled to the best offices of the cities and districts of the province of twenty-one millions of people. Seventy-two were to be select ed. The number of candidates amount ed to between seven and eight thousand. Two Imperial Commissioners from Pekin presided. The contestants w ere all shut up in close rooms in a range of buildings provided for these occasions and could - Dot come out until their essays on the five themes given were completed. The whole city and province were in a fer ment of interest. Heralds were in wait ing, who, by swift boats, horses and run ing, conveyed tidings of the result to every part of the province, and in their native towns the successful ones were welcomed with banners and music and feasts of joy. It appears that no man i3 allowed to hold office in the General Gov ernment in the province of which he is a native. The officials are what our poli ticians call carpet-baggers. This is a custom centuries old and its object is to detatch them from local influences, and, further to guard against the growth of such influences", the term of holding office-is limited to three years. A,Board of Review at Pekin is appointed to re vise all documents sent to the Court and inspect the conduct of the officers, from the humblest of them even to the Emp eror upon the throne. Officers connect ed with this department report in every part of the Empire acts of official .misconduct. The courage with which this Board expose and rebuke even the , most wealthy and powerful and secure their punishment is often surprising and worthy of admiration.'-; Tbey do not spare even the Emperor Kwheu the welfare of biff subjects seems to require his vices to be sternly reproved ; and eome of them have suffered death in consequence. "Thahastories of the Empire hand down with language of praise the names and actions of those who have been most faithfuii This remarkable feature of the Government has attracted the attention of the' monarchial Powers of the world. .Another of the methods by which !the welfare of the people is secured is the system of official reports to the six Boards or Departments of the Govern ment, which reports virtually appeal to the popular sentiment of the nation for its 6Utport -through the Pekin Gazette and other means of universal publication. This 'Gazette is distributed over the whole cm- 1ire in a limited number of copies to eadiog points, which are there reprint ed by various means so that the mass of Hh6 population are made acquainted with its ; contents. The officers of each prov ince in turn, publish their reports or sub jects for popular information or consider ation. Thus a thinking and intelligent people keep pablio affairs incessantly un der their own eye. These statements as to the theory of the Imperial power and principles of the general administration possesa great . weight in estimating the true, character of the political institutions of CWW.ppVevincean . amount of popu Jar iatoHene-tibertJ "and power which will " bear I comparison ' with that of the monarchical countries of Europe. The Chinese companies in Ssn Francisco are also described at spine length, but our readers are too well acquainted' with these companies to need any description of them. The writer says: .There are three chief elements of danger in the im migration of Chinese to California their paganisim, theif ignorance of our lang uage and laws, and their tempoary resi dence, lie urges strongly the duty of affording all possible aid in the way of schools and other educational advantages. The defects of Chinese civilization are its want of sound general, political prin ciples, and of the influence of enlight ened Christianity. These it is deemed the office of American democracy to sup ply. The opinions, though more favora blcthan generally entertained, are inter esting as being those of a person well ac quainted with his subject. ID AGRICULTURAL. FACTS AND FIGURES. A legal stone is fourteen pound England, sixteen in Holland. A fathom, six feet is derived from the hight of a full grown man. A hand, in" horse measure, is four inches. An Irish mile is 22-10 yards; a Seotch mile i3 1984; a German, 180G; an Amer ican, 17G0; a Turkish, 1G2G. An acre is 10 square chaius, or GGO by GO feet. A square mile, 1760 yards each way, contains 640 acres. The human body consists of 240 bones, 9 kinds of articulations or'joiniugs, 100 cartilages or ligaments, 400 muscles or tendons, and 100 nerves, besides blood, arteries, veins, etc. HOW TO JUDGE POULTRY. A j-oung turkey has a smooth leg and soft bill and the eyes bright, and the feet moist. Old turkeys Lave scaly, stiff feet. Young fowls have a tender skin, smooth legs, and the breast-bone yields readily to the pressure of the Auger. The best are those that have yellow legs. The feet and legs of the old fowls look as if they had seen hard service in the wcrld. ' Young ducks feel tender under the wings, and the web is transparent. The best are thick and hard on the breast. Young geese have yellow bills, and the feet are yellow and supple; the skin may be easily broken by the head of a pin; the breast is plump and the fat white. An old goose is unfit for the human stomach. SENSIBLE. The Jlaine Farmer, in speaking of the potato mania and speculation, says 'if part of the care and attention bestowed upon new and much lauded varieties were given to old and good but neglected sorts we think farmers would be quite as well off as they are now to pay enormous sums for articles that are in a few years sure to bo superseded and overlooked. Potatoes planted below three feet do not vegetate ; at one foot they grow thick est, and at two feet they are retarded two or three months. AGE FOR IIEIFFER3 TO COME IS. A correspondent inquired of the Ploughman as to the proper age for heif ers to bring their first calf the object being for dairy purposes. . The editor replies by saying, "we believe in bring ing heifers in at two years old, for the reason that at that age the organs of se cretion, like all parts of the body, are in a more pliant condition than they will be at a later period, and they are conse quently more rerdily influenced. The secretion of milk is well calculated to develope them and to enlarge them to their utmost capacity. If the animal is to become a large milker when she ar rives at maturity, she must have abund ant room to lay away large supplies of milk, and the capacity for holding these sup plies must be created while her system is pliant, elastic and influenced. So far as our observation has gone, and the ex perience of the best dairymen will coin cide, a heifer coming in at. two years old if properly fed, carefully milked, forced up, if you please, to her utmost capacity of production, and made to hold out almost until the new milk springs for a second calf, will invariably make a better milke? than one coming in at three years old." SALT NOT GOOD FOB COWS. II. W. Herbet, of West Rummey, writes to , the Rural American that "I keep eighteen cows, and have always salted them about once in ten days, or kept a sufficient quantity in the yard for their use, and I have noticed for the last two years that every time I salted them there was invariably a decrease in milk for a few days following, and if the salt was kept by them they would not give their usual mess until the supply "was taken from them, which would very soon increase their milk nearly ten per cent." Mr Herbert's experience is not in accor dance with the generally accepfed idea that salt is good for cows, as well as all other kinds of stock. ' "While we do not question the reliability of the statement, we think an investigation would reveal some other cause ' operating . in connec tion with the salt, for the decrease of milk. Our columns are open to any one on the subject. VARIOUS ITEMS. Domestic magazines Wives who are always blowing up their husbands. "I'll take the responsibility," as Jenks said when he held out his arm for the baby Queen Victoria is unpretending enough now but no one can "deny she has Hven herself heirs. e It is strange that time and tide wait for no man. Things that are tied are usually compelled to wait. An editor out West boasts of having had a talk with a woman and got the last word. The attempt to apply the f rce of cir cumstances as a motive power has proved a failure. A lady advertises in a Glasgow paper that slu wants a gcntlemam "for break fast and tea." A wee bit of a boy having been slightly chastised by his mother; sat very quietly in his chair for some minutes afterwards, no doubt thinking very pro foundly. At last he spoke out thus : "Muzzer, I wish datl would get anuzzor housekeeper. I've got tired of seem' you round." Said a gentleman to another, on the street : "Who is that ugly woman vith whom you were walking?" "That's my sister." "No, no, I don't mean her," explained the unfortunate interrogator, "but that horrid, red haired creature walking by her side." "That, sir, is my wife." A clergyman once took for his text these words : "The world, the flesh and the devil," and commenced his sermon in this manner: "I shall pass over the Flesh, touch lightly upon the World, and hasten on as fast n3 I can to the Devil." Wonder what the sequel was ? The late Baron Rothchild was uncere monious with high and low alike. A great personage once penetrated into his study while the Baron was very busy. The Baron without looking up, said, with that slight German accent which gave character to his remarks, "Take a chair." "Pardon," said the visitor, rather haught ily, "you didn't hear the announcement of iry ;name. I am the Couut ." uVcrj well," replied the Baron, without lifting his eyes from the sheet, "take two chairs." An old fellow who never yielded the palm to any one in reeling a knotty yarn, was put on his trumps at hearing a traveler state that once he saw a brick house placed upon runners and drawn up a hill to a more favorable location, some half a mile distant. "What do you think of that, uncle Ether?" said the bystanders. "Oh, fudge I" said the old man, "I once saw a two story stone house down East drawn by oxen three miles." A dead silence ensued. The old man evidently had the worse end of it and saw it. Gathering hi3 energies, he bit off a huge bite of pigtail, by way of gain ing time for thought. "They drew the stone house," said the old man, ejecting a quantity of tobacco juice towards the fire-place; "but that wasn't the worst of the job after they'd done that, they went back and drawed the cellar." The stranger caved in. Here are some new epitaphs. Pro fessional epitaphs are sometimes clever and satirical. The lawyers have come in for their share of biting epigrams from the time of Shakespeare down. Here is one from Moore's memoirs : "Here lies John Shaw, Attorney -at-law ; And when he died The devil cried, j Give us your paw, John Shaw, ' Attorney-at-law." In the literature of epitaphs, it is sur prising how large a proportion belong to the class of the whimsical, or the absurd. Here is one on a highland soldier : "Here lies Alexander McPherson, He was a most superior person ; He was six feet two, without a shoe, And he was slew at Waterloo." The briefest epitaph of which we ever heard, and the best, was the following, ordered by a literary gentleman, lately deceased, to be engraven on his tomb stone : "finis." A lady in North Stonington (Conn.) suffers from an injured hand, caused by spanking her incorrigible child. l FIRST ANNIVERSARY. !'" :ojljl. i . . ! ' Of ALBANY FIRE COMPANY NO. 1, TO BE GIVE3I AT ; parrisb' halx.,Vlbant, ON WASHINGTON'S BIRTH DAY, (February 2d, I860.) COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. D. M. Thompson, N. B. Humphrey, M. V. Brown, ; N. Baum, , A. H. Marshal, Ira A. Miller, ' A. R. Backus, C. Van Cleve, Jas. L. Cowan. John Parker, Chas. Mealcy, S. Kohn, J. W. Nixon, RECEPTION COMMITTEE. OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. R. C. Clark, W. H. Wood, t LOOK MANAGERS. Leo. Fox, ; P. C. Harper, A general invitation is hereby extended. : Tickets can be procured of any member of the Committees. ' Firemen are requested to appear in uniform. Albany, Jan. 23d, 1869. ALBANY ADVERTISEMENTS CEO. F- SETTLED 3 R, (Successor to D. W. Wakefield,) Farrlsu's New nuUdingr, I'irst Street, ALBANY. OREGON, DEALER, IN plIfnjgs and Medicines, CHEMICALS, PAINTS, GILS, GLASS, ETC. : , I :. t AH articles warranted pure ami of the best quality. Physicians Prescriptions direful! j compounded. Albany, Oct. 17, lSCS-lkf E. V. R ESS ELL. i AtTOIiXST AT L.'.W. JAMES ELKINS, XOTART riJBI.IC. RUSSELL & ELECBEMS, (OCiee in Parrisli & Co.'s block. First street,) j Albany, Oregon. AVING TAKEN IXTO CO-PARTNERSHIP James Elkias, Eso., ex-CkrU of Linn county, we ore enabled to add to our prac tice of Law and Collections, superior faeilitivs for Conveyancing', Examining' II coords, and attending to IVubatir business. Deeds, Eoud.s, Contracts and Mortgages care fully drawn. Homestead and Pre-emption Papers riiaiV, and claims secured. Hales of Real Estate negotiated, and loaus effected on collateral securities on reasonable rates. All business entrusted to them faithfully and promptly executed. - RUSSELL ELKIXS. Albany, Oct. lt, 'CS-5y Real Instate fibr Sale ! HOSE WHO DESIRE TO PURCHASE A good Lathed and Plastered j New Kranae Dwelling' House, two stories iu hight, kitchen and wood-hcd at tached, with private barn. well, situated in the city of Albany, will do well to call, irillmut delay, on RUSSELL "A ELKINS. Albaay, Oct. 17, '08-6 Heal Estate Agts. Itfcw CoIi3ssiSiaia Motel, i N"S. 118, 120 and 122 Front street, POZSTLAMTJ, : : : OREGON. ED. CARNEY, PROPRIETOR. Ths Largest, Best and most Convenient ' Hotel in Portland! Located ia the center of business and rstar all the ojteainbo.it landings. j Board an I Lodging- From one to two dollars per day according to the room occupied. T Rooms newly furnished and well ventil ated. Superior accommodations for families. J5d9- The Xew Columbian Hotel Coach will be in attendance at all the landings to convey pas sengers and baggage to and l'roui this Hotel i t Jfii l ieu oi iiarge : -ij-ivs. r, ilttonlion.! ALL HAVING MACHINERY ! 1 HE ALBANY LARD OIL FACTORY has resumed operations, and is prepared to furn- by tho quantity. Different grades are kept on band for sale, at different prices. The No. 1 Grade is Warranted to be strictly Pare ! Orders from abroad respectfully solicited. All o ders shou'-d be accompanied by the cash. , j Cash or Soap will be paid for Pure Lard and rancid or scorched Grease, delivered at tho Factory. McCORD A GEORGE. Albany, Jan. 2, 1S69-17 FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE. Insurance Company Kos. 416 and 418 California Street, San Francisco, Cal. Stockholders Individually Liable. Cash Capital, In Gold Coin, 750,000. Deposit in Oregon, $50,000. Losses Promptly and Equitably Adjusted. THIS COMPANY having complied witH the laws of Oregon, by making a deposit of fifty thousand dollars, is now prepared to effect insur ance againsULoss or Damage by Fire, and also against Marine and Inland Navigation risks, on liberal terms. GUST AVE TOUCUARD, Pres. CHAS. D. HAVEN, Sec'y. W. W. Parrish & Co., Agent for Albany. Albany, January 9, 1869-18 j j N. G0TTGETREU, Importer and Dealer in the choicest brands of HAVANA & DOMESTIC CIGARS, Chewing & Smoking' Tobacco, Pipes, Stems, Snuff, Playing Cards, Stationery, Cutlery and Notions, ' Xo. 11T Front Street, Cor. Morrison, opposite Western Hotel, PORTLAND, OREGON. gR Goods at Wholesale or Retail. Country orders carefully put up, at lowest rates. ja9 6918 NOTICE. All persons receiving their mail at the Post office at Lebanon, are hereby, notified that the office will be kept open an hour after the arrival of the mail on Sundays, after which it will be closed for the day. j The - office will not be open until the mail arrives. S. H. CLAUGHTON, P. M.. -January 9, 1869-18ml ALBANY ADVERTISEMENTS. PACIFIC HOTEL, ALBANY, : : ORKGON. THE UNDERSIGNED R KSPECTFCLL1 informs the public that bis Jioiife AND 13; fr the accommodation of all wbomay favor him with their patronage. THE FBJKISITURE is entirely new in every department, and is of the latest and most approved tylc4. THE TAJQILIS will always be supplied with the best the market afford, arid no pains will bo Fpared for the comfort and conven ience of UU gucfts. Persons arriving by boats accommodated at all hours, day or night. Suits of rooms aud superior accommodations for families. A long experience in tho bn.ineFSwarrants the proprietor in promising satisfaction to all who may favor him with their patruuage, if it can bo done by bountifully supplied tables, pleasant rooms, cleanly beds and assiduous attentions to their wants. J. li. SPRENGER. NEW EgMCLtSMD MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. OP BOSTON. HP uix ely 3V-ut ia.tX . INCORPORATED 1835. Cash assets $7,000,000 00 Cash distributions of 1S67 52fl,5fl3 55 Total eujplus dividend- 2,727,573 55 Losses paid in 1S07 381,600 00 Total losses paid 2,708,100 00 Income for 1S67- 2,203,808 00 No extra oharpe for traveling to nud from th Atlantic States, Europe, Oregon, or tho Sandwicl Islands. All Policies non-forfeiting,, and governed by tha non-forfeiting law of Massachusetts, Policy holders the only persons who receive divi der ds in this Company, which are declared and paid annually,; first dividend avail able at the payment of tbe second annual premiums. All Policies remain in force as long as there is any surrender value. - AO FOnFSlTURESl This old and popular Company, (the oldest Mu tual Life Insurance Company in this country) insures at the lw est possible rates. The stability of this Company, with its past his tory, increasing capital and business, aud the sat isfactory manner in which it has discharged its obligations in tho past, are guaran'ees for the future such as far-seeing and careful men require in their investments. Persons generally, who thoroughly understand tbe workiugs of Life Insurance, are anxious to avail themselves of its equitable provisions. Full information will be given to those who desire, at the Agency. Home Office, 39 State Street, Boston. Pacific Eranch Offices, SOt Montgomery Street, San Krone Iseo. Jlnom 3, Ciirter't Building, Portland, Oregnn, SVERSON & HAINES, General Agts. ALBA AT, OKEGOA , Albany, September 19, lS63-2y NO MORE HIGH PRICES FOR ALBANT Come and buy Goods at prices of 18G0. J. E. BENT LEY, SEN., HAVING RECEIVED FROM SAN FRAN Cisco, by latest shipment", the largest stock of Boots and Slibes ! Consisting of the following lines of Goods : Gents' Fine Sewed Boots," Gents Fine Pegged Boots, Boys and Children's Boots, - Ladies and Misses Boots, Kid Congress Gaiters, And Children's Gaiters, Rubber Over-Shoes, and Shoes of all Descriptions. -Gentlemen's Boots Made to Order! On short notice ; and with neatness and dispatch, ALL KINDS OF REPAIRING DONE ! Solo and Upper Leather for Sale At the lowest figures for Cash. Give mo a call and see for yourselve 2tf PICTURES I J . A. WI JiTER, HAVING PURCHASED the well-furnished , PICTURE GALLEKY formerly belonging to A. B. Paxton, ia prepared to make . from "Carte de VUite" np to iy size. Also, AMBROTYPES & "SUN PEARLS!' Any person who has had card pictures made here since the Gallery horned down (1S63) can get pictures from the negatives at the rate of three dollars per dozen. Having had eight years' experience in the bus iness, I believe that I can insure to give satisfac tion. J.. A. WINTER. Albany, Sept 19, 1868-2tf ; Good Pictures I made: in cloudy weather i . j. a. winter. Oct 31, 1668-8tf PORTLAN D ADVERTISEMENTS. W. R. SCW A LI,. CEO. B. COOK. COSIWOPOlYtTAlV HuTEL. J (formbhlt Anmcoxi's,) " Front street : : i Portland, Oregon. THE UNDERSIGNED, HAVING PUR i haseil this well known Hotel, are now pre. pared to ofTer the traveling public better accom modations than can bo found clscvhure in the city. . , ... - Hoard and lodging- 62 OO per day. : . Tho Hotel Poach will bo in attendance to con vey Passengers and baggage to and from tbe Hotel rev uf chary. PEWALL A COOK. Office Oregon l California Stage Company, B. (i. AVhitehoi'sr, Agent. 2tf BUCIITEL'S PH0T0GBAPI1 GALLERY, ' S THE ONLY ESTABLISHMENT IN Oregon that ia thoroughly prepared to do all the different styles of work in the art. Photo graphs from card to lifo size. The new cabinet cards, Ac, Ac. Pictures enlarged, retouched irs Tndia ink, painted in water-colors, by Mrs. S. J, Rumscy. Pictures that are fading can be repro duced in this way. Negatives carefully preserve! so that additional copfcs may bo "bad at Any time. , JOSEPH BUCHTEL, Portland, Oregon. J n. MITCHELL. J. S. DOLPII. : ' I A. SVlTir. Mitchell, Dolpb At Smith, . ATTORNEYS An COUNSELLORS at LAW, Solicitors in Chaneery and Proctors in Ad miralty. Offire over the old Post Office, Front street, Portlaud, Oregon. I OREUOIV SEED STORE. TRODUCE AND COMMISSION, Consignments of Produce solicited. It. E. CHATI ICL1), (Opposite the Western Hotel,) nl PORTLAND, OREGON. Ssa Established Seventeen years ! ' 0 S. J. McCORMICK, FRANKLIN E00K STORE, Fire-proof Bsjck Building, 105 Front street,' Portland : Oregon. i r Importer and Dealor in every description of STANDARD SCHOOL BOOKS, VIOLINS, ACCORDEONS, GUITARS, and all kinds of musical instruments, Sheet Music Instruction Books, V Church Music Books, 13ass Viol, Guitar, j and Violin StriDgs, Blank Books, Toys, Cheap Publications, Miscellaneous Books, Globes, Presses, PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, and ercry other artielo in the above line. Importing my stock from New York direct, I can sell to country dealers, farmers and ' others at San Francisco Wholesale Prices. j Agent for all the leading Newspapers and Maga sines published in the United States or Europe Full catalogues sent on application. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. ' Best" Paper in the World ! Published : ; for nearly a quarter of a Century.. This splendid newspaper, greatly enlarged and! improved, is one of the most reliable, useful, and interesting journals ever published. Every num ber is' beautifully printed and elegantly illustrated: with several original engravings, representing; New Inventions, Novelties .in Mechanics, -Agriculture, Chemistry, Photography, Manufactures, Engineering, Science and Art. Farmers, mechanics, inventors, engineers. Chemists, manufacturers, people in every pro fession of life, will find the Srientitie America to be of great value in their respective callings. Its counsels and suggestions will sava them hundreds of dollars annually, besides affording them a continual source of knowledge, the nlo of which is beyond pecuniary estimate, All patents granted, with the claims, published. weekly. ... 1 ' ',, I Every Publie or Private- hbrary should bavo the work bound and preserved for reference. ' The yearly numbers of tho Scientific A meriicu make a splendid volume of nearly on thousand quarto pages, equivalent to nearly four thousand ordinary book pages. A new volume commences January 1, 1868. Published Weekly. Terms fc One Year. 3 ; Half-year, $1 50 ; Clubs of Ten, Copies for One Year, $25 specimen copies senfr irratis. Aaaress : vv., 8 37 Park Row, New York.. gy-The Publishers of tho Scientific. American, in connection with tbe publieation of the paper, have acted as solicitors of patents for twenty-two. years. Thirty Thousand Applications for Patents, have been made throngh their Agency.: Mere, than One Hundred Thousand InvenUrs have taken the counsel of the Scientific. American con-v eerning their inventions. Consultations and ad-. vice to inventors, by mail. free.. ' Pamphlets eon eerning Patent Laws of all Countries, free. &0-A Handsome Bound Volume, eoataiainj. 150 Mechanical Engravings, aud the United States Census by Counties, with Hints and Re ceipts for Mechanics, mailed ou receipt of 2&o. ALL those knowing themselves indebted to as are respectfully requested to call and settle immediately.. v ' .' r - r " IS. Old account mtut ie fettled. ' " BEACH 4 MONTEITH. Albany, Octobee 10th, '68 . ;