THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND. NOVEMBER 19. 1923
OREGON QUICKSILVER MINES RICH PAY
SHOOTS PRODUCING 70 PER CENT ROCK
History of Industry in State Dates Back to 1878,- When Cinnabar Ore Was Discovered Twelve Miles
From Gold Hill by Early Settler WarLends Stimulus' to Owners of Deposits.
BY A. E. KELLOGG.
THE history j5f the quicksilver
industry in southern Oregon
dates back to 1878, when an
early settler in Rogue River valley,
Tvell versed in the industry, dis
covered cinnabar ore in an area
known as the Meadows, 12 miles
out from Gold Hill The Meadows
is now the center o the quicksilver-producing
area in this re
gion. Since 1878 up to the recent
development of the industry, the
early 'settlers distilled quicksilver
from the "Meadows ore and dis
posed of it to the local miners,
wiio.used the metal in the recovery
of flour gold and platinum 'n the
jplacer diggings of the region. By
the crude process of roasting these
ores in open furnaces usually about
60 per cent of the metal was recov
ered, while the other 50 per cent
escaped in the fumes, causing the
deadly mercurial poisoning to the
operator.
It was due to the consistent ef
forts of Dr. William P. Chisholm of
Gold Hill that the Industry was suc
cessfully launched. He acquired the
claims where the original strike was
made in 1878, about 20 years ago,
and in 1912 erected a 12-pipe mer
cury furnace on the property, which
was the first commercial furnace in
stalled in the region.
Deposits Are Examined,
Through his effort an examination
of the cinnabar ore deposits in the
Gold Hill district was made in 1913
!by A. N. Winchell, in charge of the
field work of the Oregon bureau of
mines. H. M. Parks ' and A. M.
Swartly of the same bureau made
mention of these deposits in their
1916 "Handbook of Oregon Mines,"
and are jointly responsible for the
development of the industry in this
region.
That quicksilver existed in south
ern Oregon up to the beginning of
tHe war was known only to a few
lijcal operators and the scientific
mining bureaus of the state of Ore
gon and the geological eurvey at
Washington. It was during the early,
days of the war that the govern
irient, in its dire need of quicksilver
as a war metal, and in ransacking
f qr new deposits, fully demonstrated
that the quicksilver zone in Cali
fornia extended into Oregon. This
discovery disclosed large and rich
deposits of the metal, which the
state and federal mining bureau ex
perts reported, outclassed anything
J$t uncovered in the United States.
Up to the time of the war Califor
nia contributed more than half the
quicksilver produced in the United
States. Nevada had a few producing
deposits, while Texas produced
about a quarter of the domestic pro
duction. The average grades in the
three states named above are less
than .HI per cent, or less than 20
pounds to the ton of ore. The Span
isji carries 14 per cent, and subsid
iary ore bodies .02 per cent; the
Italian abut .01 per cent, and the
Austrian .85 per cent.
;The great cinnabar dikes extend
ing through southern Oregon av
erage less than .01 per cent, but
these dikes1 are rich in chimneys, or
pay shoots, which produce large
ibodies of ore that reduce to as high
as 70 per cent quicksilver. Three
furnaces in the Gold Hill district op
erated during the war on ore that
averaged 17 per cent, while in
Douglas county the operators found
conditions there about the same as
Sn the Gold Hill district, but less
rich in pay shoots.
The largest produced during the
rwar period was the War Eagle mine,
which produced 565 flasks of 75
pounds each, or 42,375 pounds of
quicksilver, which was sold on the
pen market for $59,325.
Elevation Is 2S0O' Feet.
The Meadows is at an elevation
of 2500 feet, on the south elope of
the Umpqua mountains, in a heavily
forested and well-watered, area. The
quicksilver-bearing deposits extend
ing through the district occur
along a granite-sandstone contact,
where the granite- is ia part peg
jnattic. It strikes north 53 degrees
west, and most of the mines on this
deposit are less than 100 feet in
depth. The mineralized zone is from
100 to 200 feet wide. It is not a
well-defined vein, but is a mineral
, ized dike , along an irregular con
tact. The ore or mass contains cinna
bar, native quicksilver, pyrite, gold,
silver, zinc, nickel, arsenic, cobalt
and a heavy, black mineral re
sembling metacinnabarite. Samples
as a whole taken from along this
dike assayed about $5 in gold to the
ton, 5 ounces of silver, 2 per cent
zinc, 1 per cent quicksilver and
traces ol these other minerals. -The
cinnabar appears all through the
ore. in the hanging and foot walla,
in the form of seams and kidneys.
The seams are from a well-defined
trace up to 20 inches in thickness
and average from 17 to 70 per cent
quicksilver. The larger bodies of
this rich ova are found chiefly in
chimneys and payshoots, which are
in the faults of the main dike, or
veins and stringers of the main dike.
This dike makes its first appear
ance in Oregon extending from Call
fornia in the bedrock of the famous
"49" placer diggings four miles
northwest of Ashland. There it is in
, a calcite formation. These dikes,
which are very faulty, appear as
laterals or stringers from the main
strike through the country; on the
west in the Applegate district, ex
tending down into Josephine county;
end on the east in the Butte creek
"Mmintain -JCiner mine. six miles north
of Gold Hill, fText in the Meadows,
thence extending through the Um
pqua. mountains )nto Douglas and,
Lane counties, still holding its richi
values in cinnabar ores.
Geologically, the Gold Hill district
is, an area chiefly occupied by old
paleozoic sediments iifterbedded
with sills or flows of andestte and
greenstone, the- sedimentary rock
striking northerly, usually about N.
15 degrees E., and dipping eastward
at angles ranging from 65 degrees
W. upward. DUlar has shown that
Jurassic beds west of this district
have been overturned so that the
oldest strata now overlies the
ytunger formations.
It seems possible that the pale
ozoic sediments are also overturned,
and that the limestone found in the
southern part of the district prob
ably is of early paleozoic ae, and
fossils found in limestone lenses in
the district indicate that they are
not devonion. Dillar suggests that
they are Silurian rather than car
boniferous in age. Accordingly, the
paleozoic sediments In this district
are referred to as the devonian of
carboniferous or to both periods.
Long after the formation of the
sedimentary rocks, the region was
intruded from below by a mass of
mojten igneous formation which is
now exposed to -view in the moun
tains, by the same agency, the
bedded rock solidified beneath a
EDUCATORS IN EAST LAUD
REED COLLEGE CURRICULUM
Requests for Detailed Information Received From National Weekly
and Monthly Periodicals. ..
EASTERN educators and editors
gave enthusiastic praise to the
new Reed college curriculum in
letters recently received by Richard
F. Scholz, president.
Reed college's new movement in
the curriculum has brought re
quests for detailed information from
national weekly and monthly peri
odicals, college presidents and such
large organizations as the Associa
tion of American Colleges, the
American Association of Professors
and the National Council of Educa
tion. Both the executive board and
the committee on educational ob
jectives and ideals of the Associa
tion of American Colleges have writ
ten to President Scholz in commen
dation of the Reed plan. This as
sociation comprises 200 of the lead
ing colleges of the country.
Flan Is Applanded.
"I think you are making a real
contribution in the scheme you have
adopted," wrote Dr. Samuel Plantz,
president of Lawrence college, Ap
pleton, Wis., speaking for the com
mittee of this association. "I agree
with the central idea in the organi
zation of your work. We have placed
altogether too much attention on
credits and examinations and have
organized our work too much on
the abstract and logical plan, over
looking the immense value of com
ing at the problem from the side of
present-day conditions - and living
issues.
The Reed curriculum is of interest
because it is definitely a four-year
programme, including vacations.
Unified Course First.
The work of the first two years is
a unified course of study, intended
to give perspective and to provide
an intelligent basis for a wise choice
of a more intensive programme of
work lor the tUir4 and fourth years,
considerable thickness of sediments
or other rocks which have since
been removed in some places. The
igneous mass is now exposed to view
in the mountains, and it seems prob
able it underlies, at considerable
depth, the major part of the Gold
Hill district. This igneous intrusion
and intense folding appear to have
elevated the region sufficiently to
cause a new cycle of erosion and
the formation of coarse sediment
which could not be transported far
by ordinary agencies. Therefore
conglomerates were produced', and
these were succeeded by feldspathic
sandstone during part of the cre
taceous period.
The greatest menaces to the quick
silver industry in this country are
the Almaden mines in Spain, which
yield mercury from ore averaging 11
per cent, at a cost of $16 a flask of
75 pounds. The ore reserves at
Almaden. are good for 40 years on a
basis of an output of 1000 tons of
metal annually. These deposits are
owned by the Spanish government
and operated with convict labor!
The entire output of the mine is con
tracted to the Rothschilds in Lon
don at 7 sterling for a flask of 75
pounds, and this concern has the
privilege of regulating the output
or tne mdne.
uMTias tne rreshman tv.
fundamental bases and historical
backgrounds, of contemporary life
are stressed, the annrnanh
through a studv of man's prfiaHva
achievements in literature and art,
mrougn a study of his progress in
co-operative effort and group action
and through an intelligent appre
ciation of the biological foundations
of modern society. A course in the
history of civilization presents civi
lization as a process and history as
study in human behavior, indi
vidual and group. The correlated
work in literature consists in the
reading of the great masterpieces.
The students are given an oppor
tunity for an intelligent use of the
elective principle in the choice of
reading, both in history and
literature.
Heredity Is Studied.
Principles of heredity and environ
ment, etc., are studied in the course
in biology with laboratory work,
and the work in economics, politics
and sociology, supplementary to
history, wh'ch is intensive work of
the student's own choice, rounds out
the student's understanding.
From the first to the last day of
the college course every attempt is
made to compel the student to do
his own thinking and to learn how
to read and how to write. The va
rious interpretations, literary, his
torical, biological, etc.," presented to
the student, because of the corre
lated and integrated course of study,
are bound of themselves to promote
thought and discussion, which are in
every way encouraged, not only by
the teacher, but by the type of read
ing suggested to the student. Text
book work is reduced to a minimum.
During the freshman and sophomore
years some of the more important
modern mathematical methods of
analysis, in lieu of the old-time
logic course, are. studied, ana basic
conceptions and theories of some one
j exact science are covered. The in
I dividual and personal manner of the
teaching in itself compels the stu
1 dent to do his own thinking.
Reading Is Required.
Independent and critical collateral
reading, not only in English but in
some one modern foreigm language,
Is required throughout the four
years of college work in connection
with all courses. Abundant oppor
tunity is provided for creative writ
ing,' beginning with the freshman
year and continuing throughout the
years of the college course. Special
attention is paid to oral English in
the sophomore year.
The Reed plan makes for economy
of timet and effort for both teacher
and student by the correlation of the
work in English composition and in
French and German with all other
subjects:' Instead of the conven
tional required freshman composi
tion course instruction in English is
conducfed in small groups and by
individual conferences in connection
with written work done in all first
and second year classes. The se
quence of courses makes possible
the reduction of the number of class
hours and lectures to the minimum.
Major Coarse Elective.
At the end of his sophomore year
the student is in' a position to make
an intelligent choice of a major sub
ject to be pursued intensively dur
ing the last two years of the col
lege course. A plan of study is' ar
ranged with reference to the needs
and aptitudes of each individual
student. Lecture and formal class
work is reduced to a minimum. The
instruction is personal; in the senior
year an average of one full or as
sistant professor for each five- or
six students is maintained.
With the general cultural course!
of study of the first two years as a
background the student is ready in'
the third year, just when he is about
to become an active cftizen, for the
course offered in citizenship and In
ternational relations, an interpre
tation of United States history in its
world and American setting.
Symposiums Are Held.
In the senior year there is held
bnce a week in small sections a two
hour colloquium, or symposium, in
tended" to compel the student to
think his way through to a unified,
synthetic interpretation and phil
osophy of life his own. The en
deavor is made to give the student
an opportunity to think out for him
self the interrelation of the various
approaches to an interpretation of
contemporary society and to give
him true perspective and under
standing. A distinctive feature of the Reed
plan is that beginning with the
freshman year students are allowed
a definite proportion of their cur
riculum time for independent read
ing or for additional laboratory
work in connection with some sub
ject of their own choice under the
supervision of some one instructor.
Creative Thinking Urged.
As against the current chronolog
ical division of college work into
graduate and undergraduate, the
Reed curriculum is based on the be
lief that it is not only possible but
desirable that the acquisitive, in
quisitive and creative processes of a
neal college education should go
hand in hand, progressively, accord
ing to the aptitude and maturity of
the student.
From the beginning to the end of
the college course the appeal is al
ways made to maximum, voluntary,
thorough effort as against the de
moralizing bookkeeping attitude"
toward college education as the
summation of credits obtained
through minimum required work in
a certain number of formal three,
four or five-hour courses.
OLDER BOYS TO GATHER
9
M. C. A. COXFEREXCE TO
BE HELD AT EUGENE.
Social and Religious Problems to
Be Discussed and Visit Paid
University of Oregon.
More than 100 older, boys from
Portland are expected to attend the
Older boys' conference to be held
at Eugene December 1 to 3. Reports
received by the'lnterstate executive
committee of the Young Men's Chris
tian Association of Oregon and
Idaho indicate that the attendance
from various Oregon cities will be
large. Special rates have been
granted by railroads. A large num
ber will go by truck from the Port
land ,Y. M. C. A. Registration is in
progress at the office of the boys'
division in the.Y. M. C. A. building.
Many problems affecting the so
cial and religious life of older boys
will be discussed by prominent
shakers.
A committee of Eugene members
of the Y. M. C. A., headed by W. P.
Walter, boys" secretary of the asso
ciation there, is preparing for the
reception. Visits will be paid to the
campus of the University o Oregon
and to other points ot interest in
Eugene.,
Among the speakers will be J. C.
Meehan, boys' secretary of the Port
land association, and L. P. Putnam
and E. W. Warrington, general sec
retaries of the student associations
in the University of Oregon and Ore
gon Agricultural college. Other
names will be added to take charge
of the discussion periods and sec
tional conferences.
A banquet will be tendered by
business men of Eugene. Saturday
afternoon of the conference date
will be used in making a trip of in
spection through the University of
Oregon, accompanied by a commit
tee of university men. The older
boys will be, given the use of the
gymnasium for a recreation period.
PAPER AIDS PINEAPPLE
New Process Believed to Increase
. Production and Cut Costs.
HONOLULU, T. H-. Nov. 6. (Spe
cial.) Experiments made this year
Indicate that the business of grow
ing pineapples in Hawaii will be
revolutionized by the mulching
paper process Invented by Charles F.
Eckart, former manager of Olaa
sugar , plantation, the results being
a considerable increase, in produc
tlon and a marked decrease in cul
tivation costs.
It is calculated that 75,000 rolls of
mulching paper, costing about J200,
000, have been used tai - Hawaii's
pineapple fields this year. It is
expected that the production of
pineapples will be increased 25 per
cent on first plantings and about
50 per cent on first ratoons, elim
inating a large amount of labor for
merly required to hoe and care for
the growing plants. It is predicted
that considerable inpreases In pro
duction will be found.
The mulching paper is spread
along the pineapple rows after
planting. - The sprout, coming up,
bursts through the paper while
weeds and vegetation hit . the
paper and die. This keeps the
weeds away, conserves the stnength
of the ground for the fruit and also
does away with labor necessary for
hoeing.
1 fe QiixeiiViei'aTil1
-1 , I
. BY HARRY B. CR1TCHLOW.
NO SOLDIER envies the life of a
sailor. For him there is no
comfort in being swayed about
on the deck of a tossing ship while
an agitated stomach is at the point
of demonstrating its rebellious feel
ing. For the soldier there must be
a solid foundation of earth beneath
his feet. With such he holds no ter
ror of man or the devil.
There was one ride that the sol
dier took following the war which
brought some degree of satisfactiom
and that was the one that carried
him from France to the homeland.
Yet in spite of the fact that the ship
was taking him back to -home- and
loved ons and leaving themud of
France but a memory, there was
plenty of room for complaint. There
always is complaining, ho matter
what the lot of a soldier may be.
Crowd, like so many sardines,
4200 men, on board a ship that has
mess accommodations for half that
many and- there will be heard a
storm of protest that will almost
shake the Atlantic. In their rush to
bring men back to the. United States
following the conclusion of the war,
the .government authorities Were as
careless as they had been w-hen. men
were needed at the front. . Men and
equipment were shoved on'' board
until legs were sticking out the
portholes and then, the ship would
pull out to sea, while more bedlam
was created below the deck than
ever was known when the- craft fol
lowed its pre-war task of transport
ing ihorses, mules and cattle. 1
It was on, one of these overcrowd
ed vessels that two doughboys were
assigned to baggage detail shortly
after the ship pulled out from the
shores of France. In that baggage
a large number of officers' bed rolls
were to be found. These contained
souvenirs of all kinds and descrip
tions; machine guns, cognac, .shells,
hand grenades and what not. The
task of the men consisted in helping
lower these bed. rolls into the hold.
''This is old" Captain. Blank's roll,"
one would declare. "He's always
raisin' hell with us."
The bedroll would -be given, a
couple of hearty kicks and would
fall into space and find itself broken
and smashed at the bottom of the
hold.
"Here's Major John Doe's roll,"
the doughboys would say. "He's a
good fellow."
Carefully they would attach a
rope around the roll and lower away
until it was safely in he hold. Thus
they weire showing their likes or
dislikes for officers who chanced
to be over them while in France.
"Look what we have here!" one
of the men declared, in excitement.
"A whole case of candy owned by
th Y. M. C. A. Can you beat
that?"
"Here's where we start in busi
ness," declared the other. "Let's
steal the stuff and sell it. It's the
only way the men will ever get any
of it anyhow."
The work of the baggage detail
was speeded and soon was disposed
of. Then more serious business was
at' hand. Through a mob of men
who were clustered all over the
dcks, the "bucks" managed' to move
that case of candy to the- part of
the ship where they had their
bunks; There they started a store.
Every man on board the boat was
hungry for candy and soon the en
tire lot was disposed- of and the two
culprits had amassed a snug for
tune. Mon'ey meant but one thing on
board that boat. It would afford a
thrill for a few minues as it passed
rapidly iijto the hands of one more
skilled in the use of the "bones." No
one was barred from participation
in any one of a half hundred games
that were In session at all hours -in
any part of the boat. In one of
these games the newly-rich bucks
soon saw their money leave them.
They were without funds and the
Y. M. C. A. candy supply had been
dissipated. They had in their pos
session one pair of dice but without
money these were ot no vaiue.
they might be worth something at
that. Dice were scar.ee on the boat.
Men with itching fingers anu muucj
were continually hanging around
games unable to play because ot i
lack of "gallopers."
" nt th bucks obtained a
blanket and armed with this, and
their dice tney wem. ,
hall where-the big games were in j
Ronn thev naa a crowu
about them. The scheme they worked
,... mcMuw. After a man mu
three times and still had his
monev on the blanket the "bucks"
extracted a percentage rrom mm.
In this way they were soon in pos
session of a goodly sum of money.
Thus armed they again invaded the
real gambling ring where they took
their customary trimming.
v.vnn the officers grew ill-tem
pered on board those old freighters
despite the fact mat meir
quarters were a big improvement
over those of the men.
A major of the medical corps one
night called upon a sergeant to fur
nish a detail of 12 men for deck duty
at it o'clock the following morning.
The sergeant notified his men to
be on hand at 7:30 A. m. so irat
they could go to the head of the
mess line and be ready for duty at
the appointed hour.
During the night there came a
storm and many of the men were
taken seasick. When time came for
the sergeant to gather his men and
report them to the major most, of
them were sick. He took five who
had experienced no sickness, -ordered
seven more men to get their
breakfasts and then report to him.
With the five men he reported to
the major.
"Where are the other men, ser
geant?" the major asked, showing a
fit of temper that gave rise to the
thought that he-had not slept com
fortably. The sergeant explained that seven
of the men originally on the detail
were sick and that he had chosen
others in their places and that these
would report soon.
"Where are the other men?" asked
the officer. '
"They are getting their, breakfast
sir," was the reply.
"Sergeant, get those men up here
right now," was the order.
"They will be here when they
have their breakfast," replied the
sergeant.
"Do you mean to disobey my or
ders?" stormed the major.
"I mean to permit those men to
have their mess," was the reply.
"I'll put you in the brig for this,"
declared the officer, showing his
wrath. "Get those men up here right
now. You'll eat bread and water
between here end New York if you
don't."
"Now look here, major," declared
the sergeant, showing his anger for
the. first time. "Don't tell me that
I'll go to the brig. You'll not be
the officer to send me. Perhaps it
might be of interest to those who
know us both for me to tell how
you came to me two months ago in
France and implored' me to see one
cf your superior officers who hap
pens to be a close friend of mine,
and ask him to recommend you for
a lieutenant-colonel's commission.
Don't talk brig to me.
"Sir," went on the sergeant, "the
entire detail will be ready for work
ag soon as the seven men have their
breakfasts."
The major turned on his heel
without saying a word but there
wag no question in the rniudi of the
Dr. J. G. Abele, who has been
nominated for the executive
committee ot Portland post of
the American Lesion.
sergeant or the five men with him
but what the officer was angry. '
The sergeant did not go to the
brig.
Three Paris legionnaires have
been named by Alvin Owsley, na
tional commander of the American
Legion, as American representative
on the administrative council of the
Interallied Veterans' association,
which recently held its international
conference in New Orleans.
They are Cabot Ward, past com
mander of the legion's department
of continental Europe; Dr. Edmund
Gros, present commander, and Ar
thur W. Kipling, one of the founders
of the association.
At various times after his gradua
tion from Harvard law school Cabot
Ward served as general auditor and
governor of Porto Rico, member of
the United States . Argentine com
mission, park commission of New
York city, captain of artillery, New
York national guard, major of avia
tion, and lieutenant-colonel, intelli
gence section, American expedition-
arv forces. He has been awarded the
United States D. S. M., the British D.
S. O. and the Serbian Order of the
White Eagle. He is also a comman
der of the French Legion of Honor.
Dr. Gros, who was recently elected
commander of all legionnaires in
Europe, Is a member of Paris post
and obtained international recognl
tion for his work in connection with
the decoration of graves of ex-serv
ice men and in the relief of Ameri
can war veterans stranded in Eu
rope.
The war record of Arthur W. Kip
line started with the invasion of
Belgium by the Germans. He was
one of the founders of the American
ambulance corps in France and fin-
of the American expeditionary torce.
lshed the war on the general staff
He has been decorated by six na
tions with orders which include the
American D. S. M. and the French
T.eelon of Honor.
The American representatives will
assist in the association plans to
lire-e the establishment of an Inter
national court to outlaw war and in
other measures leading towards
world peace recommended at the re
cent convention of tne association.
William R. Day, who saw service
in France was a second loole in
mnf trulr outfit, arrived ln-Port-
land last week from Stockton,' Cal.,
with his wife and little daughter.
They have located at 1687 Montana
avenue. Mr. Day was formerly lo
cated at Portland previous to the
war and was for a time a student at
Willamette university. When in
France he became so enamoured of
BATTLES OF WAR TO BE
DESCRIBED IN THE CITI-ZBX-VETERAX.
Give the date of the open
ing of hostilities of the world
war. Line up 100 persons
chosen at random and ask
this question. It is safe to
say that less than 15 per cent
will be able to give the cor
rect answer. Ask them what
was the greatest battle Amer
ican troops ever engaged in
and blank expressions will
form on the faces of more
than one-half of the 100.
The average American knows
there was a war; he has heard
that it was extremely danger
ous to be a participant there
in, but he has been so
wrapped up in his own affairs
that he has not taken the
trouble to remember a great
deal regarding the conflict
that for more than four years,
bathed Europe In blood and
involved practically every civ
ilized nation.
Due to the fact that people,
young and old, are not in
formed as they should be re
garding the battles and inci
dents of the world war, The
Oregonlan, through the col
umns of The Citizen-Veteran,
will begin a series of short
and compact articles which
will throw some light on the
war. Battles will be described
in each issue and in time the
readers of The Citizen-Veteran
wiU come to know more about
the war than they do now.
The first description will be
that of the siege and fall of
Liege, the clash between Ger
man and Belgian troops that
marked the real opening of
the war.
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There is no name that means more
to the citizens of the city of Loos,
France, than that of Mile. Emilienne
Moreau, for it was this girl, who on
September 25, 1915, by her bravery
aerted what might have been a re
treat or tne urmsn regiment de
fending the town.
When the troops of the British
first entered Loos on September 25,
Mile. Moreau organized a first aid
station and worked day and night
giving assistance to the wounded.
Rifle fire was directed against the
house. 'With a revolver the girl
went out and managed to overcome
two Germans who were sniping from
a nearby house. This having been
accomplished she returned to her
work with the wounded.
This was not the end of her work.
Later she shot two Germans who
threatened her with, their bayonets
and then grasping ammunition- from
a British grenadier she accounted
for three more Huns. But it was for
a more gallant service that Sir
Douglas Halg called the girl the
Joan de Arc of Loos.
The British line was wavering un
der a terrific fire. If it fell back
disaster m'ght come to the entire
line. The girl grasped the tricolor
of France and with the words of the
"Marseillaise" on her lips inspired
new courage in the British and they
held their ground.
,
More than a dozen members of
Portland voiture of Les Societie des
40 Hommes et 8 Chevaux attended
the inauguration of a new voiture
of the American Legion's sunshine
order in Pendleton yesterday. The
Portland man had a special car
wnich left here Friday night. Those
in the party were: Frank M. Moore,
Pat Allen, William Follett, JuneVal
lient, G. W. Yates, Claude Bristol,
Ted Ludlam, Arthur Murphy, Frank
Prince, Wilber Henderson, Paul
Hathaway and Lane Goodell.
-
Linn Nesmith, after having spent
several months in Iowa where he
was employed as a construction su
permtenaent tor a large paving
company, has returned to Portland
for a time and is visiting the home
of his uncle, John H. Burgard. Ne
smith was a member of the 23d 'en
gineers during the war. During his
period of service in France he arose
from "buck" private to regimental
sergeant-major and then dropped
back to "buck" again.
The Clarences of America are re
ported as being up in arms in de
fence of their good name. Literature,
the stage and the screen, they say,
have gone far enough in their easy
assumption that Clarence connotes
willie-boyness and general insipid
ity. A Clarence can hit out as tvell
as another, they observe and look
alive, if the attack doesn't stop, hit
out he will.
This magazine is not concerned in
this controversy, never within recol
lection having taken the name of
Clarence in vain. But let us, in the
pure zeal of a search for informa
tion, run to the other end of the
scale from alleged Willie - boyness
and find a fit cognomen, for a hero.
What Christian name scores highest
among America's world war medal
of honor men?
A census discloses the following
results:
John (including one Johannes), 7;
Georje, 6; Harold, 4; James, 4; Thomas,
4; Charles. 3; Frank, S; William (Includ
ing one Willie), 3; Edward, 2; Louis, 2;
Michael, 2; Samuel, 2; Sidney (Sydney), 2.
"These are the only names occur
ring more than once.
"Slightly different results are ob
tained from classifying the first
hundred names in ari alphabetical
list of D. S. C. awards, wherein the
following names occur three or more
times:
Charles, 6; William, 6; James, 5;
Frank, 4; George, 4; Joseph (including
one Jiosef), 4: Thomas, 4; Fred, 3; John,
3; Oliver, 3; Robert. 3.
"If these statist'es prove anything,
it is that you can't make a hero just
by christening him right although
John, George. Charles, William
ought to bring results if anything
will.
"It is worth noting that the list of
100 D. S. C. men Includes one Clar
ence, the son of a Clarence, killed
in action while "moving about the
woods in which his platoon was
quartered during a heavy bombard
ment, placing his men in saf a, dug
outs and rendering aid to wounded
men under an intense shelling of
high explosives and gas shell." Ed
itorial American Legion Weekly.
The job of sapper in the French
or British armies during the early
days of the war was one not to the
liking of most men. The dangers
that it brought were many. Sap
pers would dig their way under
ground to the vicinity of the enemy
trenches and there plant mines.
The story of two French soldiers,
Cadoret and Mauduit, is well worth
repeating.
These men had dug their way
from their own trenches beyond
those of the Germans. An enemy
mine was exploded and they found
themselVes not only cut off from
their own lines but entombed in a
space eight feet in length. They
determined to dig toward the sur
face. The air became foul and they
almost suffocated but they kept at
work, fighting for their lives. Their
lights went out and they were In
darkness. The presence of a glow
worm told them after hours of in
tense labor -that they were near
the surface.
Finally the earth opened and
fresh air came in. It was night
and as they looked out they ob
served the German trenches within
the length of an arm. They did not
think of giving themselves up but
went back to work digging In an
other direction. ' Their work was
being endured without food.
Throughout another day they dug
and at last came out in the crater
of a mine. Again it was night but
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the clear sky made it extremely
dangerous for them to show them
selves without being shot by tnelr
own troops or those of the enemy.
In the shell crater they were ex
posed te hand grenades, bombs and
shells but they lived by eating
roots and drinking rain water.
The third night Mandit succeeded
in signaling to a French sentry.
Cadoret, when attempting to fol
low his companion, slipped and fell
back into the crater. He had to be
helped out by Maudit and then both
crawled under German fire to their
own trenches. Both men were dec
orated with the military medal.
A member of the merchant marine
during the war period took occasion
to make a complaint a few days ago
because the service to which he be
longed has been given no credit for
the winning of the war. He would
put his service in the, same class
with the navy, army an'd marines.
There is no question but that the
merchant marine did valiant service
for their country during the war.
Their' tasks involved dangers and
many lost their lives. Theirs was
the j6b of transporting men, food
and munitionsxacross the Atlantic.
However, the members of this
service were being paid for their
work. They went into it of their
own free will and accord and the
doors of the recruiting stations had
not ben closed to them.
Should the merchant marine be
given credit along with that of the
navy, army and marines, the ship
yard workers undoubtedly would
demand compensation from the vet
erans' bureau. It has been said that
on "10 per cent cost plus" ships the
"skilled. workers" did much resting.
In several instances men leaned
their backs against the sides of ves
sels and had holes bored in them by
men working with augurs from the
opposite side. While the public is
recognizing the merchant marine,
why should not the injured shipyard
worker put in his bid for compensa
tion? If the bars are to be thrqwn down
and part of that little glory that is
the lot of the veteran is to be dis
tributed among the members of the
merchant marine, why should not
the farmer be recognized for his ef
forts in the soil during the war pe
riod and why should not all who
aided in the carrying on of the
world struggle be classed alongside
the man who for a financial consid
eration of $30 a month bravely fed
his body to the hungry guns in the
Argonne?
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