20
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 19, 1923
E.
13 LOSES
TAX QUESTION PARAMOUNT
IN ALL OREGON'S HISTORY
Every Governor, Starting With A. E. Gibbs, in 1862, Refers to Situ
ation in Messages to Legislature.
FOR ESTATE
HI! SOLUTION !
OF TRAFFIC MICE;
MM
Portland Building Manager
t Urges Co-operation.
MORAL LIABILITY SEEN
Efficient Regulation and Better
Renting of Vehicles Declared
, Vital Among Regulations.
Settlement of the automobile
traffic problem depends on the same
general principles that control In
the solution of any other community
problem, said W. C. North, manager
of the Morgan building, in a paper
on "Automobile Traffic and Its
Regulation," presented at the fifth
Paclflo northwest conference of
building owners and managers In
Tacoma, November 10 and 11.
Urging that the association repre
sented at the conference join in
efforts to solve the problem, Mr.
North asserted that "management
or ownership of real property in its
various forms carries with it a
moral trusteeship for the whole
Community for all time."
Traffic Control Important.
After dealing briefly with the
Unexpected and rapid development
of the automobile traffic, Mr. North
discussed latest methods of regulat
ing traffic.
"The trend of regulation," he said,
''seems to be based on meeting the
conditions of rapidly Increasing
numbers and the fullest possible'
recognition of the rate of speed
combined with safety, which are
marked features of the operation
Of the automobile.
"The tendency in regulation in all
titles is to erect signalling stations
at widely separated points that will
permit of the traffic being under
control simultaneously for long
distances.
One-Way Traffic Needed.
"One-way traffic will be adopted
Wherever possible. The elimination
of left-hand turns over large dis
tricts will be enforced. These
measures, linked with simultaneous
control of the movement of vehicu
lar and passenger traffic, undoubt
edly will be among the hard and
fast regulations that must be ac
cepted by everybody.
"The excuse that traffic signs
affecting particular streets and dis
tricts of comparatively small area
cannot be read, and are confusing,
will be ignored in the necessity of
meeting special conditions.
Efficient Regulation Important.
"There primarily will have to be
the greatest "efficiency on the part
of traffic officers, combined with
Impartial and thorough application
of all regulations. We must drive
off the streets popcorn stands, news
Btands, taxicabs and sight-seeing
touring cars and busses, unless
paces suited to their accommoda
tion are provided. The movement
of horse-drawn trucks must be
regulated to the extent of keeping
them off all streets that are too
narrow to permit of two lines of
traffic in each direction or from
other streets when one-way traffic
is not effective.
Preferentlala Are Vital.
"We must all be ready to recog
nize the necessity of giving way to
through traffio and essential street
car service. On certain streets
through traffic must be given prime
consideration at all times. On other
streets through traffic must take,
precedence over shopping and local
traffic during the rush of evening
hours."
Special parking districts will solve
the problem presented by the auto
mobile shoppers, in a measure, Mr.
North said, and spreading out of the
business district as the principal
stores seek individual locations will
permanently do away with traffic
difficulties in congested retail dis
tricts. Business Little Affected.
Concerning the question of most
advantageous business locations in
the event of adoption of one-way
traffic, Mr. North .asserted that
ordinarily it would not make much
difference whether a business is
located on an out-going or In
coming street.
"The Incoming Individual is per
haps more likely to be headed for
a definite point and to know ex
actly where he is going to stop,"
he said. "Certain specialty store
men, it is thought, would be better
off on an outgoing street.
"In view of the ease with which
distances may be comfortably and
Quickly shortened there will be a
natural tendency for the business
centers to spread out.
Moving-Out Must Come.
"The pioneer in the moving-out
plan, if he has the type of mer
chandise that will stand it, prob
ably will do well from the start.
Borne of them will suffer disas
trously in a financial way for their
audacity.
"The automobile shopper and
trader will soon be glad to accept
conditions of regulation which will
permit them to get within a reason
able distance of the place where
they want to go in the congested
district."
Spreading out of the business
district will be accompanied by an
Increase in the number of low
buildings erected, in the opinion of
Mr. North, with four and six story
buildings the most popular and
eight and ten stories as the limit
4 GO TO RATE HEARIMG
Eugene Men to Defend Union Pa
cific In Unmerger Case.
EUGENE, Or., Nov. 18. (Spe
cial.) Charles A. Hardy, local at
torney; J. E. Shelton, newspaper
publisher; Bruce B.- Brundage,
cashier of the Bank of Commerce,
and E. C. Simmons, local automo
bile dealer, left Eugene yesterday
for Washington, D. C, to represent
Eugene in behalf of the Union Pa
cific railway in the hearing before
the interstate commerce commission
over the rail untuerger controversy.
These men left the city unan
nounced and it was a surprise to
the chamber of commerce officials
and Southern Pacific representa
tives who had sent W. W. Calkins,
president of the United States Na
tional bank, to plead the cause of
the Southern Pacific.
The chamber of commerce re
cently adopted resolutions favoring
the Southern Pacific in this con
troversy, but there is a group in
the chamber which made a minority
report. These four men ostensibly
are representing this group in, favor
f the Union Pacific.
Phone your want ads to The
Pregoni&n. Main ,7070,
pALEM, Or., Nov. 18. (Special.)
The tax question, on which
Walter M. Pierce, successful
candidate for governor at the re
cent general election, based his cam
paign, has been a paramount Issue
in Oregon's political life almost since
the entry of the state Into the
union.
This is indicated In a survey of
the state house records, which show
that every governor, starting with
A. E. Gibbs, republican. In the year
1862, included in their messages to
the legislature some recommendation
or reierence to the tax situation.
Governor Gibbs, who served In the
executive chair during the period
1862 to 1866, in his message deliv
ered to the legislature on Septem
ber 11, 1866, referred to the finan
cial condition of the state briefly.
It affords me pleasure, said Gover
nor Gibbs In his message to the legisla
ture, to state that there Is J43.811.38
in the state treasury and no debts or
liabilities against the state, excepting
soldiers' bonds, due eight and 18 years
hence. There is due from the several
delinquent counties more than $30,000.
It is to be hoped that these amounts
will be soon paid, as the expenses of
building the penitentiary, of the legsia
ture and the public printing will soon
exhaust the funds on hand.
Economic Policy Stressed.
Governor George L. Woods, who
followed Governor Gibbs, served the
state from 1866 to 1870. He also was
a republican. With relation to the
state's finances Governor Wood had
the following to say In his message
delivered to the lesglslature in Sep
tember, 1868:
In view of the prosperous condition
of the state and its freedom from indebt
edness I cannot too strongly urge upon
you the importance of economical mea
sures and a careful avoidance of every
thing calculated to Increase the burden
of taxation. I take pleasure in assur
ing you that I will gladly co-operate
with you at all times in any measure
wnicn nas tor its object the promotion
of the general welfare, in the reduction
of taxation or in anything pertaining
j.nereto wnicn snail be deemed just and
proper.
Lafayette Grover, democrat, suc
ceeded Mr. Wood as governor in
1870 and served until 1877. He gave
his message to the legislature Sep
tember 14, 1870, and referred to the
state's finances in the following
language:
At the last biennial session of the
legislature no appropriations were made
for the support of the state government
during the following two years. The
result has been that two annual col
lections of revenue have accumulated
in the treasury, and the public debts
and liabilities have been outstanding and
drawing Interest against the state. I
urge early action of your body upon
this Important subject, In order that
justice may be done the public creditors
and that further accumulation of inter
est be stopped.
Inequalities Are Noted.
Again in his message to the legis
lature delivered in the year 1872,
Governor Grover referred to the
state's finances and the attending
taxation.
There !s now a manifest inequality in
the assessments of the several counties
in this state, iread his message, returned
upon the same classes of property of
equal value. There also exists in sev
eral counties gross undervaluation of all
classes of property. While this con
dition of things, would make but little
difference with the county finances,
it greatly diminishes the funds which
would come into the state treasury.
With five times as many insane to
support and four times as many state
prisoners to keep as we had ten years
ago, with other expenses incidentally
greater, as we increase In population,
how can the state be kept out of debt,
even on account of current expendi
tures, without sound assessments ac
cording to the increase of property?
Apparently alarmed over the in
creased taxation and expenses Gov
ernor Grover, in another message
given to the legislature in the year
1874, urged retrenchment.
The power of retrenchment is solely
with the legislative assembly, said his
message. No tax can be levied and no
public money can be used without an
act of the legislature first having spe
cifically authorized the aameNo public
officer can increase his own pay. nor
create perqulsities not authorized by the
law-making power. To you the people
look for such action as may lessen the
expenses of government, I will take
great pleasure in joining you in all the
proper measures of retrenchment and
reform.
y Tax Complaints Made.
In his message delivered to the
legislature in 1876, Governor Grover
said:
The people justly complain of the in
creasing weight of taxation.
Attached to the message was a
statement showing the state's in
debtedness, cost of conducting the
state institutions and departments
and recommendations for wiping out
the delinquencies through the rais
ing of more revenue propertly dis
tributed. Governor W. W. Thayer, demo
crat, was ushered into cfflce In 1878
and served for four years. In his
message to the legislature given in
the year 1880, Governor Thayer
said:
I am convinced that a large portion of
the state's indebtedness has been the re
sult of Inconsiderate legislation. An at
tempt to appropriate sums of money.
when the state has not the money or any
immediate prospect of obtaining it. is
to my mind, a pernicious practice. Any
person of ordinary intelligence, by a
moment's reflection, will appreciate the
extent of the receipts and revenues of
the state, trom which general appropria
tions are made. The people, as a whole.
are not inclined to object to the levy of
taxes, if satisfied that the proceeds will
be applied prudently and for the benefit
of the entire community. Any other dis
position of public funds is an absolute
crime.
In his message to the legislature
in 1882, Governor Thayer again re
ferred to the taxation issue as Im
portant. He said:
It has been my desire during the time
I have been in office, to have the af
fairs of the state managed economically.
W hen I entered upon my term the gen
eral sentiment of the people, was op
posed to extravagance in any depart
ment. The objection to profligacy in
civil affairs is not so much in conse
quence of the particular loss that will
be suffered from recklessness, as from
the general evil effects it will produce.
Its tendency is corrupt, and it naturally
leads to all manner cf abuse in the civil
service. A people who duly appreciate
the blessings of civil liberty, will con
demn the practice wherever it is found
to exist.
Fee System Attacked.
Governor Z. F. Moody, republican,
who served during the period 1882 to
1887, in his message to the legisla
ture given in 1S85, apparently indi
cated that he was satisfied w'th the
financial condition of the state. -He
said:
Our financial showing must be re
garded as very satisfactory, as the in
debtedness of the state, aside from de
ficiencies which have accrued during the
past two years, is wholly provided for
from sources outside of the general
fund.
Governor Sylvester Pennoyer, who
entered the executive chair in 1887,
and served until 1895, in his in
augural address to the legislature,
referred to the fee system then In
vogue as costly and an unnecessary
burden on the taxpayers.
It would be a practical reform, he said
If the pay of al county officers should
be definitely fixed by law in the various
counties according to the services ren
dered. A -part of the county officers
have fixed salaries for their services,
and there is no good-treason why all
should not. Within the past four years
the office of sheriff of Multnomah county
has beei, worth $20,000 per annum. This
enormously high stipened is not only an
unnecessary burden en the taxpayers,
but it is a prolific incentive for bribery
and corruption in the efforts to secure
such a bonanza position.
In subsequent messages to the leg
isiature delivered in 1889. 1891 and
in 1893, Governor Pennoyer dealt at
considerable length with the tax sit
uation, and urged retrenchment
wherever possible.
Lord Urge Retrenchment.
Governor William P. Lord, re
publican, in his message to the leg
islature in 1897, urged retrenchment
and a more equitable distribution of
the taxation burdens.
An Important duty is devolved upon
you, said the message, to carry out the
mandate of the people, expressed in their
platforms for retrenchment and reform;
to apply the knife to abuses and hidden
emoluments. If they exist, upon the body
politic; to cut off unnecessary expense;
to withhold unnecessary appropriations;
abolish useless boards, offices and com
missions, to the end that unnecessary and
excessive taxation may be avoided.
Governor T. T. Geer, who entered
the executive offices in 1899 and
served until 1903, In his message to
the legislature in 1901, took occas'on
to rap the lack of uniformity in the
valuations of property by the dif
ferent assessors of the state, and the
fact that much property was escap
ing taxation.
There seems a general tendency every
where to conceal successfully personal
property.from taxation, said his message
The low valuation of real estate in our
cities, when coupled with the almost
complete elimination of personal prop
erty from consideration, has come to give
the entire question the aspect of a hollow
mockery when placed under the test of
the constitutional requirement ot uni
formity and equality. Oregon Is suffer
ing at this time with a case of combined
inequality and undervaluation in acute
form. All pretense to observe the law
has been thrown to the winds and the
effort to see which county can get away
from it the farthest has become a matter
of public record. It is presumed and
hoped that you will not adjourn without
the enactment ot a plain, Just and easily
understood assessment law. It should
be direct and unambiguous.
Credit Unimpaired In 1903.
In his message given to the legis
lature in 1903, Governor Geer said:
The credit of the state remains un
impaired. Oregon does not owe a
dollar and it may be said that no state
In the union is in better condition in
every branch of its public service. More
than this could not be reasonably asked
or hoped for.
Governor George E. Chamberlain,
who served from 1903 to 1909, In his
inaugural address said: .
It is to be expected that as the state
grows in population and In wealth there
must be a proportionate increase in ex
penditure to successfully administer its
affairs. But It does not follow that the
general rate of taxation should continue
to increase. The steady growth of wealth,
constantly adding to the aggregate as
sessed valuation, ought to keep down the
rate of the tax levy. This has not been
the case. With an increased and steadily
increasing expenditure, the rate of the
levy has not only remained stationary,
but the tendency is to increase each year.
The responsibility for this condition of
things lies primarily in a defective as
sessment law, and secondarily with the
assessors of the several counties.
In his message to the legislature
given m 1905, Governor Chamberlain
referred to the tax question as fol
lows: Permit me to assure you of my earnest
desire to render you any assistance in
all legislation having for its object the
relief of our people from oppressive taxa
tion and the betterment of their social
and industrial condition.
Financial Condition Good.
Governor Chamberlain, in his mes
sage to the legislature under date
of 1907, said:
The financial condition of the state
was never better in its history than now.
There is no indebtedness of any kind
outstanding against it. , As rapidly as
conditions will permit there ought to be
a complete divorcement between the sys
tem of taxation for state and that for
county and municipal purposes.
Only brief mention was made of
the tax situation by Governor Cham
berlain in his message delivered to
the legislature in 1909.
Jay Bowerman, republican, who
served as acting governor from 1909
to 1911, following the death of
Frank W. Benson, in his message to
the legislature said:
The public has a right to expect and
demand that public money be expended
with the same judicious care exercised
by an ordinary prudent business man.
There is neither reason nor justification
for the present method of managing the
state's affairs. It is not economical, and
is out of keeping with- good business
methods.
Governor Oswald West, in his
message to the legislature in 1913,
commended the state's financial con
dition, as follows:
The state's finances are in splendid
condition. We have no debts, bonded or
otherwise, to worry us and , there are
ample funds on hand to meet all current
expenses. Unexpended appropriations
and accumulated receipts from license
fees and other sources in excess of a
million dollars will be available for ex
penditure during the ensuing year and
make necessary a state tax levy of but
$1,000,000 as against $3,000,000 last year.
Taxpayers Demand Relief.
In the year 1913, financial condi
tions apparently had changed and
Governor West, in his message to
the legislature, commented at some
length with relation to the increas-"
ing tax burdens. He said:
A cry for relief went up from the over
burdened taxpayer and you answered that
you would .come to his aid. The time for
action is at hand. Appropriations must
be held to the lowest level consistent
with good business, every useless board
and commission should be abolished and,
wherever possible, others consolidated.
Governor James Withycombe, at
the outset of his administration in
1915, warned the legislature against
extravagance. "Economy is the key
note of this legislative assembly,"
he said. "It was the dominant fac
tor in pre-election pledges, and it
now devolves upon us to see that
these promises are put Into practice.
The principle upon which we should
act when state money is concerned
is the same as if that money were
our own."
Governor Ben W. Olcott, upon en
tering the executive office at the
death of Governor Withycombe, real
ized the seriousness of the approach
ing crisis following war prosperity,
and in his message to the legislature
in 1920, warned that continued ex
travagance would not be tolerated.
He urged careful consideration of
appropriations, and asked that taxes
be cut to the lowest poss'ble ebb.
To attain this end he recommend
ed the appointment of a special tax
investigating committee, which later
was created, and is now at work
preparing its report.
As will be noted by the excerpts
from the messages and inaugural
addresses of the various governors
of Oregon, there always has been a
cry against increased taxation, and
almost without exception the gov
ernors have pleaded with the legis
'xturea for economy in the conduct
tri state affairs. Despite this, how
ever, taxes have continued to in
crease and today Oregon has the
largest bonded indebtedness in Its
history.
Petition for Descamps Prop
erty Denied by Court.
APPEAL TO BE TAKEN '
Army Deserter Surrenders.
George E. Gould, who said he was
a deserter from the tenth field
artillery at Camp Lewis, walked
into the police station yesterday
and gave himself into custody. He
will be held for army authorities.
Other than a statement that he left
Camp Lewis in June with a desire
to see more of the world than army
life offered Gould would say nothing.
Judge Tazwell, In Opinion, Says
License Records Fall to Show
Couple Legally Married.
. Petition of Jeanne Grivois, who '
held that she was the widow of
Ernest S. Descamps, to be declared
sole heir to the estate of $71,000
valuation left by the mysterious dis- j
appearance of Descamps early in
1920, was yesterday denied by Cir- j
cuit Judge Tazwell. Trial of this
suit last spring attracted only a.
little less attention than did the !
sudden and unexplained disappear- j
ance of De'scamps.
Madame Grivois and her attorneys i
put up a brilliant battle In their
attempt to prove that the woman, if I
not actually Descamps' legal widow, 1
should be so regarded under the '
common law statutes. This fight is
not yet over, for her attorneys im
mediately served notice that they
will take an appeal to the state su
preme court.
Puzzle One of Greatest.
The disappearance of Descamps,
long prominent in the local French
colony and a leader in the old under
world element of Portland, was one
of the most Intriguing mysteries
over which the city has ever puz
zled. A theory that he had been
brutally murdered by some ancient
enemy gained wide credence when
hacked and mutilated portions of a j
human body that might have been
his were found in widely separated
parts of the city. Sufficient portions
of this body to establish identifica
tion were never found. Neither were
the authorities able to unearth satis
factory clews as to who might have
murdered Descamps.
In the suit of Madame Grivois the
testimony convincingly showed that
she had lived with Descamps for
about five years as his wife, so far
as appearances and recognition by
friends and acquaintances indicated.
Her case was weakened somewhat
by the fact that she had left him
and gone east to live some time
prior to his disappearance.
Marriage Declared Legal.
The story of Madame Grivois was
that Descamps had taken her
"across the river," presumably to
Vancouver or other nearby Wash
ington county seat, and that they
had there been married. She pro
fessed to have believed that the
marriage was regular and legal. At
the time she left Descamps, she said,
he had explained that he was facing
suit ' for breach of promise and
wished her away from the scene to
make it easier for him to effect a
settlement. He told her; at that
time, she said, that their marriage
had not been legally performed.
Unable to establish the actual fact
that Descamps and the woman had
been legally married at eome point
In Washington, her attorneys argued
that the statutes of Oregon classed
her as his common law wife. As
such, they, held, she should be de
clared the legal widow and heir.
In the opinion handed down yes
terday Judge Tazwell cited the fact
that license records failed to show
that the pair had ever been legally
married. Even the madame's mem
ory of the affair seemed too vague
to be convincing, he held. With ref
erence to establishment of the rela
tion of husband and wife under the
common law provision, Judge Taz
well's opinion was that there is no
well-defined interpretation of the
statutes that supports the woman's
claims.
Cousins Live In France.
Descamps' estate consisted of a
half interest in the Camar apart
ments, 704 Lovejoy street, capital
stock of the Consolidated Invest
ment company, other stocks and
money. It was appraised by Ralph I
w. rioyt, Fred w. German and Will
iam Baliis, who fixed its value at
t70.126.19. Hector Mouimal, close
personal friend of Descamps, was
appointed administrator of the es
tate under bond of $80,000, on Febru
ary 13, 1920.
The nearest relatives of Descamps
are cousins living in France. Should
the claim of. Madam Grivois be de
feated in the higher courts the
claims of the cousins are expected
to put them in line to receive what
remains of the estate.
C. Henri Labbe, consul of the
French government in Portland, and
Johnston Wilson were attorneys for
the estate in the suit. James L.
Conley and Martin L. Pipes repre
sented Madame Grivois.
The prestige of Oregonian Want-
. j,
The Oregonian's large circulation, but
by the fact tnat all its readers are
interested in Oregonian Want-Ads.
RIVOLI,
LIBERTY,
PEOPLES,
MAJEJTIC,
COLUMBIA
it starts
NOV.
f
I
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Dressing Table 29.75
Chifferette 27.00
Bow-foot Bed 33.00
Straight Bed 27.00
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Night Table 8.00
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9x12 Wool and Fiber Rugs 1.S.50
9x12 Wool and Fiber Rugs m.oo
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of such splendid character.
827.50 at Gadsby's.
Where Can You Buy a Three-Piece
Overstuffed Suite Like This for $199.00?
JL
Where Can You
Buy a Range Like
This for
$54.75
The Liberty range on sale this
week needs no introduction. We
have been selling them for 10
years. Has six 8-inch covers,
sectional plate, top polished,
large Oregon fire box; plenty of
room for wood and coal. This
range is fully guaranteed bv
Gadsbys'. C4 jt
Special OaiJ J
j-
ongo-
Rugs on By the Yard 98c
Buy a Day Bed
Day beds are quite popular
these days. $ I 5.00
Similar
A LIVING ROOM THAT WELCOMES GUESTS
Every line of this living room invites vou to sit down and relax in
genuine comfort. It is the kind of living room furniture that not
only will add distinction to your home but will give years and years
of satisfactory service. The interior construction Is the finest, with
coll springs used throughout, while the upholstering is in beautiful
velour with outside backs fully covered. It is a fine 0 1 QQ flfl
example of the savings now in effect. Specially priced at vluuiUU
We have the finest display of overstuffed parlor pieces we have
ever shown. Davenports In beautiful mohair at $175.00; velour at
$114.00; tapestry as cheap as $65.00. Don't buy before you see what
Gadsbys' have to offer.
YEAR 'ROUND
GAS RANGE
NO SEPARATE HEATER
REQUIRED
The comfort of coal or wood heat,
so much desired in cold weather,
is obtained from the kitchen heater
at the end of this Wedgewood
Range.
This enables you to enjoy the
convenience of Gas Cooking at all
times.
Hot water coils may be installed
in the heater if desired and extra
cooking space is provided on top.
You can cook with gas and coal
or wood at the same time.
Your old stove taken as part pay
ment on a WEDGEWOOD Gas
Range. WEDGEWOOD Gas Ranges
are sold on liberal credit terms.
We have a large variety of
patterns to choose from. We
only sell the guaranteed kind
at Gadsbys' flSe Square Yard.
On Sale This Week
Complete Home
qutiits
This great home-furnishing institu
tion is the recognized headquarters
for home outfits of distinctive char
acter. Thousands of homes every
where in the community are fur
nished with our home outfits a
special better home service that has
been of real assistance to the many
younsr couples starting housekeep
ing for the first time.
Win.
CORNER SECOND AND MORRISON STREETS