THE OREGONIAN WILL INSTALL GIGANTIC RADIO PLANT
Powerful Broadcasting
5 M.A.
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H
ELLO, all ships and sta
tions This is radio KGW
TheOregonian's new 500-
watt station. Stand by for the pro
gramme . . . ."
When this call is sent out into the
"ether" a few weeks hence, by the
operator in The Oregonian clock
tower, a new broadcasting service
will have been inaugurated in the
Pacific northwest.
- Station KGW already has en
deared Itself to thousands of radio
fans living within a 500-mile radius
of Portland. With an output of
only 60 watts a very small fraction
of an electrical horsepower the
tiny set of The Oregonian has
broadcast ever since its installation
in March, 1921, excellent entertain
ment three or four nights during
each week. A host of radio friends
living in every state west of the
Rockies have enjoyed the pro
grammes, and reported their grati
fication by countless letters. Now
the radius will be widened greatly.
Half & continent and half an ocean
will be reached by powerful vibra
tions that will be set up by The
Oregonian's new equipment.
Homes where dwell those who
lead lonely lives miles apart from
their fellowmen will be reached and
brightened by The Oregonian radio
service. Far out at sea, voyagers
will keep in touch with the world
they have left through the events
sent out from The Oregonian tower.
The Oregonlan's new broadcast
ing station will be unique in many
respects. Designed and installed by
Western Electric engineers, it wili
cover a region from 1000 to 1500
miles in every direction of the com
pass, and under favorable condi
tions it probably will be heard at
much greater distances.
It reasonably can be expected
that as soon as the new service
starts, this section of the northwesf1
will awaken to the value of radii
and soon show an increase of re
ceiving stations. With the strong
impulses sent out through the air,
a greater refinement of reception
will be had than at present, where
only low-power stations are heard
The use of high amplification, which
is not only costly but tends to dis
tortion of the broadcasts, no longer
will be necessary within a range of
several hundred miles.
A single audion tube used as a
COLUMBIA RIVER DISCOVERY
' COVERED IN PRIZE ESSAY
Grants Pass High School Student Tells of Several Early and Unsuc
cessful Attempts by Explorers.
The aecetnpanyinff essay was written
by Mlia Dorothy Clapp of Grants Fasa
and won the first prize of $00 In the
Uefckmen conteat conducted by the Ore
eron Hiatorical society. The subject of
the essay is "The Discovery of the Co
lumbia River."
BY MISS DOROTHY CLAPP,
Hirh School, Grants Pass, Or.
INTEREST in the Columbia river
is Increased by studying not
only Its actual discovery, but by
Investigating some of the early un
successful attempts to discover it.
The efforts to find the river of the
west were linked closely with the
search' for the northwest passage
through North America and with
other explorations by men such as
Ferelo, Juan de Fuca, Heceta, Cook.
Jleares, Vancouver and Gray. Nearly
all of these men realized that there
must be some great inland water
way, for they had evidence of it, but
nearly 800 years of exploration
elapsed before Gray proved the ex
istence of the stream.
The man who first published a
story of the western waterway was
Gasper Cortereal, a Portuguese nav
igator. In 1500 he claimed to have
sailed through a narrow channel
westward from the coast of Labra
dor into the south sea. This pas
sage was called by him Anian. From
other romantic voyages and imag
ined discoveries, too. the idea of a
possible water route grew and the
explorers soon nought the Straits of
Anian as the longed-for passage.
A search for the eastward opening
of the passage was carried out by
the British soon after Cortereal
published his story, and it was with
high courage that the Spanish first
sought the westward opening in the
Pacific, in the early part of the 16th
century. The Spanish, for several
reasons, wished to explore the Pa
cjflo coast tb.orSugh.ly. Ther had
Set Designed to Cover Radius of About 1500 Miles
2 A.
RHEOSTAT FOR
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20! WACUL.M
tube (Tvre r
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VOLUME CONTROL
is
PWEOSTAT TCi
LAMENTS
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RHEOSTAX FOR
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detector, and perhaps one sta&e of
amplification and a telephone re
ceiver attached to the sound cham
ber of a phonograph, will bring The
Oregonian entertainments with per
fect reproduction.
To obtain ideal operating condi
tions for the new station, a suite of
rooms is being prepared on three
floors of the clock tower. Every
means of insuring suitable acoustic
properties is being taken. The
chamber in which the entertainers
sing, speak or play ' will have it
walls heavily shrouded beneath
layers of draperies and its floor will
be buried under the heaviest of car
pets. Constant study by the West
ern Electric experts has proved that
to prevent the reflection of sound
and to prevent the impairment of
the quality of -vocal and instru
mental music, such precautions are
necessary. In the "studio," there
will be only one piece of apparatus,
the sensitive microphone.
Above the clock in The Oregonian
tower is a room which is being
fitted up as the apparatus cham
ber. Both transmitting and receiv
ing equipment will be housed in
this room. A feature of the West
ern Electric up-to-date station is
that it is built in units, or panels
In the apparatus room will be the
transmitting panel, power panel
input amplifier panel and monitor
ing receiver, antenna relay control
and radio receiving devices.
Below the studio another room is
being prepared for use as a recep
tion room for the entertainers. All
these rooms will be connected with
intercommunicating devices, so that
instant and permanent communica
tion can be obtained between them
-
The main radio transmitter of
the equipment will be oontained in
a large black steel pshinAt wto-fe-
ing a ton, in which will be installed f
tne big 250-watt vaouum tubes,
filters, relays, resistances and othel
auxiliary apparatus which make
possible modern radio communica
tion. Four 250-watt and one 60-watt
vacuum tube will be used in trans
mitting. These tubes, which have
an oxide-coated filament, insuring
maximum electrical emission, with
a minimum expenditure of filament
circuit power, will be mounted in
the upper part of the transmitter
framework, thus Insuring perfect
ventilation.
This transmitter -will generate
been constant rivalry between the
Portuguese and Spanish In explora
tion, and the Portuguese had first
opened the waterway to the East
Indies by way of Africa. They were
receiving rich returns from this dls
covery, by spice trade with the Mu
luceas. The Spanish wished to share
in this commerce and to do this it
was necessary to complete the west
ern route to the orient by discover
ing the wished-for strait.
Explorer Dlea on Island.
In 1543 Viceroy Mendoza of Mex
ico commissioned Cabrillo to explore
the coast northward along the pen-
ixauia. v.ui uiu pitssea iearos is
land and anchored in the harbor,
which is now known as San Iiego.
After surveying the new harbor he
started north and reached aa high a
latitude as SS degrees, a little north
of San Francisco bay. Ho then
turned southward to San Migul is
land, where he died in 1543. Ferelo,
the pilot, now took command and
sailed as far north as the Oregon
coast, about 44 degrees latitude, but
he left no record of having seen a
large river which emptied into the
Pacific
The Spanish gathered much gold
to reach the latitude of C5 degrees.
At a point near Point Granville
they landed and went through the
ceremony of taking possession of
the country. Soon after this He
and silver from the mines of Mexico
and Peru and because of there being
so much danger in crossing the
Straits of Magellan, they felt secure
in their trading. However, in the
years 1577 to, 1588 Sir Francis
Drake's buccaneering voyage took
place. He appeared suddenly on the
coast, having come by way of the
Straits of Magellan, and plundered
many Spanish ships. When his ship,
"Golden Hind," was.filled to over
flowing with treasure, he turned!
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radio frequency energy of 500 watts
in power, . which will be sent out
into the antenna, the "carrier"
wave. From the microphone in tne
studio" below will come the vari
able voice currents of electricity.
fluctuating with the sounds pro
duced by the entertainer or musical
instrument. Reaching the appar
atus room the microphone currents
will be amplified to a high degree
and Impressed upon the "carrier"
wave, thus modulating it in accord
ance with the original sounds pro
duced. The Western Electric modulating
system to be used in The Oregonian
set will insure, according to their
engineers, the highest efficiency In
clearly reproducing speech and
northward for tne purpose of find
ing the northwest passage, through
which he wished to make his return
trip. He sailed as far north as 43
degrees latitude and then turned
southward without finding the ob
ject of his search.
Greek Discovers Strait.
In 1592 Juan do Fuca, a Greek In
the employment of Spain, claims to
have discovered a strait about 47
degrees latitude. Upon entering this
strait be sailed eastward and north
for 20 days, when he came to the
Atlantic. This story Is regarded as
a myth by most historians, but the
belief of this account led to the ex
peditions of Cook. The strait en
tering Puget sound now bears the
name Juan de Fuca.
In order to prevent more expedi
tions similar to Drake's the Spanish
king ordered the Mexican governor
to explore and fortify the California
coast. Accordingly In 1603 Vizcaino
was sent with two ships to explore
the coast, but the ships were separ
ated and the "Fragata" in command
of Martin Aguilar xran up the
coast aa far as 43 degrees latitude.
There he found a cape to which he
gave the name Cape Blanco. From
that point he followed the north
westerly trend of the coast and soon
found the mouth of a large river. It
was probably the Umpqua at flood
stage. This, he claimed, was the
real western entrance of the Straits
of Anian. and after this voyage nav
igators searched for a great western
river rather than a strait.
After this voyage about 160 years
passed before more discoveries
were made. The Spanish and French
had been nearly pushed out of
eastern North America. The Rus
sians also were pushing down from
the north and the Spanish, fearing
for their power on the Pacific, de
cided on a plan of northern expan
sion to strengthen their claims.
The next expedition was Intrusted
to Juan Peres in 1774. He sailed
as far north as 54 degrees and.
then turned south to Nootka har
bor, which he named San Lorenzo.
He also sighted the Olympic moun
tains, which he named sierra de
Santa Rosalia, but he left no evi
dence of having seen the mouth of
a great river on the Oregon coast.
In 177 Captain Bruno Heceta
SUNDAY OREGOXIAX,
Will Keep Persons on
music-
and perfect modulation.
A three unit motor generator set
will be an Important item in the
supplying of current to the fila
ments and plates of the vacuum
tubes. This will be installed In the
clock room below the apparatus
room.
In the transmitting room, the
operator In cljarge will control the
various switches for controlling the
power and push a button that will
light up a lamp in the "studio."
This will mean that the set is ready
for operation and the entertain
ment. In the transmitting room, a
monitoring device will bring a re
production of the sounds 'from the
studio to the operator's ears. If a
change in the position of the micro
and Bodega sailed with Instructions
ceta decided to return to California,
and while running along the coast
in latitude 46 degrees 10 minutes,
he found himself at the mouth of
a large river. He made two at
tempts to enter the bay, but find
ing the current too strong, he
named the bay Assumption Inlet.
From proof established by him this
is now known to have been the
Columbia river. ;
The fears of the Spanish were
about to be realized, for in 1776
the British government decided to
send Cook to the Pacific to explore
and search for a passage eastward,
around the northern .extremity of
North America. Cook spent two
years in southern waters and then
sought the coast of Oregon. Cook
held his course to the north until
he sailed through Behring"s Strait,
but there is no record that he saw
the Columbia. He reached this
point in August and as It was too
late In the year to carry on the
search for the passage, he turned
south to the Hawaiian islands, to
spend the winter. While there he
was killed by the natives, February
6, 1779.
In 1786 La Perouse, In French In
terest, sailed up and down the
coast, but his voyage did not have
any tangible results.
In 1787 Barclay, an Englishman,
discovered the entrance to the
Straits of Fuca. However, he did
not follow this discovery up.
" Coast Well Kxplored.
The Pacific coast at this time had
been fairly well explored, but there
still remained some land about
which very little was known. This
was the country which lay between
Cape Flattery, a cape at the south
ern side of the entrance to the
Straits of Juan de Fuca on the
north, and Cape Mendocino, a oape
on the extreme western point of
California, latitude 40 degrees, 26
minutes and 24 seconds, on the
south. Captain Meares. an "English
man, had first come to the Oregon
coast for fur trade in 178, but in
1788 he returned again In command
of the ship "Felice," under the
Portugese flag. He determined to
explore this strip of unknown land
PORTLAND, OCTOBER
Land and Sea in Touch With World Events and Also Provide Entertainment
JYat-or Crejrez-rfar- Set I J, - . . I I
vords. complete f phone is necessary for a better I interference with other radio oom-l ' ,11
phone is necessary for a better
transmission of the entertainment,
the operator will push" other but
tons, lighting other lamps In the
studio to signal what changes are
necessary.
The' amount of amplification in
the microphonic circuit also will be
controlled by the operator, who will
know by. his monitor how much Is
needed for the different types of
musical entertainment.
One of the latest developed re
ceivers will . make It possible for
the station to comply with the
government regulations In regard
to "listening in" at Intervals to de
termine whether distress signals
are- being sent or the transmitting
f the station is causing
.operations o
and the St. Roc river, which had
been named by Heceta and placed
on all the early maps. On June 29,
1788. he looked at the broad en
trance of the Straits of Fuca, but
did not pause to explore triem. He
then turned south and coming to
a point 46 degrees 10 minutes latl
tule, he noticed a deep bay which
he considered at once to be the ob
ject of his search. In attempting
to enter this bay he found the cur
rent to be very strong and he
hauled out, giving the name Decep
tion Bay to the Inlet, and. Cape
Disappointment to the northern
promontory. Meares claimed there
was no such river as that of St.
'Roc. This bay was the one which
Heceta had tried to enter. It must
have been the mouth of the Colum
bia. Americas Explorer Busy.
It was not until this time that
the Americans began to take their
place in western exploration. In
1788 two American ships, the "Col
umbian, commanded by John Ken
drick. and the "Lady Washington,"
commanded by Robert Gray, sailed
into Nootka harbor. After loading
their ships with furs they sailed
for China, traded the fur cargo for
oriental goods, and returned to
Boston. In 1791 the two ships set
sail again from Boston for the Pi
cifio coast. This time Gray com
manded the "Columbia."
The Spanish and the English had
had some dlsDute about their re
spective rights at Nootka Sound. In
1790 there had been a treaty which
settled 'the dispute with a measure
of amicability. As a commissioner
to represent Great Britain, Captain
George Vancouver had been senf
out, while Bodega Quadra was the
Spanish representative.
Vancouver and Broughton, the
second In command, searched along
the Oregon coast for rivers and in
lets. Vancouver, however, believed
Meares was right in hie conclusions
about Deception bay and so did not
waste time on examining it. Cap
tain Gray in the meanwhile had
tried nine days In vain to enter this
bay. He abandoned It for a time
and, meeting Vancouver, related to
him his experiences, but Vancouver
coifed at (he Idea of a river and
8, 1922
Interference with other radio com
munication. The .new station will comply la
every manner with the specifica
tions made by the department of
commerce regarding the Class B
broadcasting stations. At present
there are only a few of these sta
tions In existence. Portland will
have the distinction of owning on
of the first Class B stations west
of the Rocky mountains.
The use of a 400-meter wiM
length given to the Class B stations
will allow The Oregonian to broad
cast during any hour of the day.
The towers on top of the Ore
gonian building which hold the an
tenna will be moved from their
position. The big lattice steel tower
will be placed on top of the clock
refused to make further explora
tions with Gray. Gray, however.
with true Yankee courage, deter
mined to enter the waterway and
On May 11, 1792, he succeeded la
crossing the bar of the river. Ameri
can energy had placed the Stars and
Stripes over another source of
wealth which had not yielded to the
less eafrer advances of other coun
tries. The river was most appro
priately named the Columbia, the
south elope Adams and the northern
Hancock.
After Gray left the Columbia he
train encountered Vancouver and
related to him the discovery of the
river. Immediately Vancouver ai
rected Broughton to enter and ex
plore the Columbia. This ne oho
and later united with Vancouver m
an effort to discredit Gray, claiming
that the American captain had not
seen the river proper, but In spite
of this report Gray was given the
honor of discovering the Columbia.
Thus the mouth of our great river
was discovered.
It seems that something should be
written about the discovery of the
headwaters of the Columbia, for the
great river was discovered by land
as well as by sea. Alexander Mac
kenzie In 179S crossed the conti
nent from the Peace river region.
He a-rnjutiul the Rockies and followed
the Eraser river for many miles and
then cut overland to the Pacific,
which he reached July 22, 1713. He
hajl oroved there was no passage
across North America enon or Ber
ing's etralta. but he had failed to
reach the Columbia river, which was
the object of his Journey.
Indian Guide TJaed.
The first overland expedition of
Americana which reached the Co
lumbia waa made by Lewis and
Clark. They started la the spring
of 1804 from St. Louis. They as
cended the Missouri river and spent
the first, winter with the Mandans,
a friendly tribe of Indians. On start
ing again on their Journey In the
spring they took with them 8aca
Jawea of the Ehoshone tribe as a
guide. Lewie and Clark's policy
toward the Indians was always
kindness and they had little trouble
on their journey with, them, They,
!' - ;
tower, and the other now en the
clock will be placed on top of the
Northwestern Bank building. The
new antenna therefore wili stretcM
high above Its present place and
across the street hundreds of feet
finally reached the headwaters or
the Missouri and then crossed the
mountains, with many hardships.
From the mountains they proceeded
down the Clearwater river to the
Snake and then to the Columbia,
which they followed to the ocean.
They spent the winter by the eea In
Fort Clatsop ana reiurnea to ax.
Louis la 1806. arriving there on
September 21.
Thus, the Oreiron coast was first
sighted by Cabrillo and Ferelo. but
they saw nothing of the Columbia
river. They were followed by
Drake. Juan de Fura and Vizcaino
in 16D7. 1692 and 1603, respectively.
In 1774 occurred the voyage of
Peres, followed in 1775 by the voy
age of Heceta. who was the first
man who could prove he had seea
the mouth of the Columbia. Then
followed In quick succession the
voyages of La Perouse, Barclay and
Dixon. In 1788 Meares explored the
Oregon coast, but failed to find the
Columbia, and in 1791 Vancouver
and Broughton examined the coast
thoroughly, but they, too. failed to
find the River of the Wnt
Finally, on May 11, 1792. Captain
Robert Gray In the ehlp Columbia,
after nine days trying, entered the
Columbia river and explored It for
many miles. On -and. the first ex
pedition overland to the Pacific was
made by Mackenzie In 173. but his
search for the headwaters of the Co
lumbia was unsuccessful. In 1804 to
180 Lewis and Clark made their ex
pedition to the Paolflc and again
Sve honrtr in America br dtrovr-
HAW'S
ISEW CATALOG READY
fcbrr MAN-ED ON RECUESf
iriLL Wrtk NAME amo ADDRESS
NimfrJEWELTCir-lrltY'tALXABOUf
Shawns - kse sway NYciy. ny
for Thousands of Fans.
away. Below the antenna and di
rectly underneath It will be nana;
the counterpoise, or the "ground'
antenna which la aaed la radio
phone In place of the ordinary
rround.
Ing snd exploring the Columbia and
Its leading tributaries from the
lend.
CORNS
Lift Off with Fingers
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Tptt" en aa achlns eorn. In
stant ly that cora stop titirtlna. tkan
shortly you lift It right off with
flrrrs Trulyl
Your drugslst eel's a tinr bet'le ef
TrftMOB'' for a few cents, suffi
cient to remove every fear oora. soft
corn, or eorn between tne teas, and
the calluses, wttnout
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