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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 1, 1922)
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, OCTOBER 1, 1923 ATTACK ON UNION LABOR BELIEVED TO HAVE SPENT FORCE Samuel Gompers Notes Signs of Improvement on Industrial Horizon and Declares That Reactionary Employers Will Give Up Attempt to Overthrow Power of Unions Despite Unlawful Help Given by Courts. Thl la th fifth of a seri of articten on the present kabor situation by Samuel Oompers. pretent of the American -Federation of Labor. BY SAMUEL. GOMPERS. Copyright, 1&22. by the Wheeler Syndi cate, Inc.) PROSPECTS for the Industrial fu ture of the United State are " the subject of discussion every where. No man or -woman in America can escape an interest and responsibility regarding our future. In the couree of these articles we have examined the causes of . the unrest which has been o clearly manifest and we nave taken ac count of methods and policies which have produced discord. We have done tnis at a time when tne marion lia been stirred to profound depths by reason of the stoppage of work on the part of coal miners and ra.ll road workers. Scientists know that certain cases can be relied upon to produce certain effects. Having that in mind, it would be possible to answer the question. "What of the future?" by saying: that Yt there is an insistence mpon policies and practices which we have eeen to be ruinous and productive of distrust and unret in the past there will be inevRably a corresponding distrust and unrest in the future. If, on the other hand, the futility of such methods and policies is recognized and a more constructive attitude is adopted bv those who are responsi ble for the employment policies in great Industrie, there will be a re sponding: evidence of pood will on the part of workers which will prove profitable r.ot only to employers, but to the country as a whole. Hopeful Suchm Noted. I believe I Bee sirns of improve ment on the horizon. I believe tre Kreat on&laug-ht ag-ainst oganiza Iforis of the workers has spent its force. I believe the terrific, sweep ing attack organized and conducted by powerful financial interests and by great organizations of reaction ary employers operating in conjunc tion with great financial Interest, lias been brought virtually to a, stop by the heroic resistance of the or ganized workers and by the force of an aroused and thoughtful public opinion, which has been affronted and injured by the brutal display of power and urareason directed afrain-st labor. Consider for a mo ment these facts: 1. The dominating factors In American industrial life are the rail roads, the steel industry and the coal industry. Wage Cat Ordered. 3. The ate&l industry about m year agio arbitrarily ordered a re duction 1 wages of approximately 20 per cent. Observing what was transpiring ori the railroads and in the ooal mines, and having an eye to the future, the eteel crust has restored wages to the level existing before the last reduction. Of course, the steel trust has not repaired the damage done by the reduction, but It has at any rate restored wages to the figure existing prior to the re duction. It has to that extent rec ognized the end of the period of "deflation of labor" and retrogres sion. 3. The organized coal mine owners of the country have suffered In glorious defeat in their efforts to reduce the wages of the miners. After a strike lasting more than five months the mine workers have compelled the mine owners to aban don their policy of wage reduction. The Iron Age speaks of the outcome of the strike as the most brilliant victory the miners have ever won. Th mine owners have thus recog nized the end of the period of retro gression. Rail Recognition Likely. 4. At the time this article is writ ten it is apparent that the railroads of the country are about ready to recognize the end of the period "of retrogression. The recognition will, of course, be- in spite of the- unlaw THE MARRIED LIFE OF Aunt Amelia's Wedding Present Incites Warren to Disastrous Blunder Is Calmed and Friend Husband Is Pulled Out of ((w T'S a square box way back," I instructed Helen, steadying the stepladder. "No, no, that's a band-box! Watt, you'd better let me get up." Nora shuffled down and Helen climbed up the rickety step-ladder to explore the top shelf of the hall closet. "Here it is. It's heavy you'll have to help me lift it down." The dusty box safely deposited on the hall rug, Helen took out the hid eous gilt cloca their wedding pres ent from Warren's Aunt Amelia. Not daring to give it away Helen had stowed it on the top shelf of the hall closet. Now she was drag ging It down because Aunt Amelia was in town. Only once since their marriage had she been in New York. Guile lessly Helen had shown her through the apartment only to be staggered by the blunt question: "Where'd you put my clock?" Always resourceful when cornered Helen hastily explained that It was being regulated. They would have it back next week. And now .Aunt Amelia again In New York, the clock must adorn tha library mantel when she came to dinner that evening. Helen stared at the gilt monstros ity. Two dropsical cherubs with swollen abdomens held up the oval rhlnestone-encircled dial. The pen delum, which swung between the bloated cupids also glittered with brilliants. Would It run? Detaching the key tied to the edsphantine leg of one of the cherubs Helen wound the clock and started the jeweled pen delum. To her delight it ticked on a creaking, rheumatic tick. Then she set the hands on the ornate dial and with Nora's help carried It in to the library. Remov ing from the mantel the antique mahogany clock, a real Sheraton piece they set in its place this roco co monstrosity. It fairly shrieked at everything In the room. Its hideous gild or nateness was emphasized by the chaste simplicity of Helen's old world furniture. Aunt Amelia was Warren's father's oldest sister a widow, rich and pe nurious. Had she saved her trad ing stamps to buy that horrible clock? Fervently Helen hoped she. would not speak of the clock so there would ba no need to lie about it. It was enough to have it- there. Promptly at S Aunt Amelia ar rived. She seemed taller, thinner, mora . hatchet-faced than ever. Her love of the ornate was evident. She glit tered with gold-filled teeth. Jet and Jewelry. Two diamond breastpins, earrings and three diamond rings! "I can't stand that window open on my. back," wa4 be? first com-. ful injunction secured by Attorney General Jaugherty and. it will be in spite of the most strenuous efforts of the greatest financial powers in the country to bring the railroad unions to the point of collapse. 5. Some of the largest employers In the textile industry, who sought to impose upon xne warKers & wage I reduction of 20 per cent in addition I to a reduction of 224 per cent im ! posed a year and a half ago, have been compelled to abandon their ef forts after a strike of more than five months, and the workers have returned to their tasks in those factories at the wage existing prior to the strike. To that extent the employers in the textile industry have recognized the end of the per iod of retrogression. Struggle Proves Labor Power. I am nt o optimistic as to say that we have before us a pathway strewn with roses and that reaction has disappeared. What can be said is that the ogamizations of labor bav proved their ability to resist the most furious and concentrated attacks and that in so doing they have maintained for all the workers of America a standard of living that approaches equity and they have kept open the road of constant improvement. As I have pointed out, there de veloped immediately upon the sign ing of the armistice a vast con certed effort to reduce wages, lengthen the hours of labor, and generally to lower the standards of working conditions. Because the trade unions constituted a con stant vigilant barrier and because the trade unions continually sought the improvement and the elevation of the conditions of all the "work ers, their destruction became a ne cessity to those who sought to deteriorate working conditions. The war against the organizations of labor was planned and conducted because of what those organizations sought to accomplish. It was the result of a crude and ignorant greed which was entirely without foresight and without understanding-. Union Standards High. It should like to attempt to make it clear that in, their struggle to elevate the standards of labor the organizations of the workers are seeking to do much more than is generally understood. Good living conditions, the sense of freedom, education, good wages, relations of co-operation, and good will between employer and employed, and general industrial efficiency with high grade high-speed production go hand in hand and cannot be sep arated. The greater the volume of our . national production and the greater the consuming power of the masses of our people the stronger: we shall be as a nation, the more fit for leadership we shall be as a nation, the more self-reliant we shall be and the fuller our capacity for living and the enjoyment of life. We cannot have prosperity and well-being for the wage earners of our country without a consequent and coincident prosperity and well being for our country as a whole. If this necessitates a curtailment of speculation and a curtailment of autocratic power and exorbitant, unearned increment for a few, I am sure that will cause no anguish except to the arrogant one-half of 1 per cent of our population which contributes neither intelligence nor initiative to our material, mental or spiritual progress. Financial Rule Tried. For the future the great need is for a drawing together of the forces that contribute usefully to the pro cesses of production. We have seen the devastation brought by a con trol over industry exercised by high finance, which is interested pri marily and chiefly in profits and only In production that yields the largest profits. It has been said, BY MABEL HERBERT IRXER. plaint when she was settled In the library. There was no draft but Helen closed the window and lowered an other. "Isn't that a new bookcase? You didn't have that when I was here." "lea, we Drought that from Eng land. Isn't it a wonderful old piece?" "Hump, must have cost al lot of money to get It over," disapproving ly. "We didn't have to pay any duty it's over a 100 years old." "Does the clock run all right?" complacently regarding the gilt horror. "We've never had the least trouble with it," truthfully. "You were having It regulated when I was here before." "Oh, yes, I forgot but that's the only time." Then feeling something more was expected Helen managed an effusive "We both like it so much." "How bright that gilt's kept. Looks like it had just come out of the box." Was there a note of suspicion In Aunt Amelia's voice? Helen felt her face burn as she nervously pyra mided lies. "It doesn't tarnish. Now and then I rub it up with silver polish." "Silver polish! On a gilt clock? I'd think that would ruin it." "It's a new kind and I use just a tiny bit. Oh. there's Warren now." eagerly snatching at this interrup tion. "I told him to come home early." "Why Aunt Amelia, you're looking fine!" was his hearty greeting. "I haven't been well," almost re sentfully. "Suffered with sciatica all last winter. I could hardly move my left leg. I'm going to Dr. Jordan while I'm here. They say he's the best. Wonder what he charges." "Enough," shrugged Warren. "They all soak you." Throughout the dinner Aunt Amelia expatiated on her ailments and her experiences with doctors, all of whom she claimed had over charged her. "What's this? Chutney. No. I like it but it doesn't like me." "Aunt Amelia, if you'd stir around a long walk every day, you could pass up the doctors and eat what you want," helping himself to the Brussels Bprouts. "With my sciatica how can I walk?" And I suffer so with lum bago" Aunt Amelia was still dissertat ing on her various maladies when dinner over, they returned to the llbrary. Warren was plainly bored, but having failed to change the subject he listened resignedly to a voluble account of Aunt Amelia's operation for gall stones. In the midst of this Helen saw him stare at the library clock. Vainly she tried to ca.tcb his eye, riveted unbe- principally by the enemies of labor, that the American Federation of Labor holds the Interest of labor and capital to be identical. This of course Is a vicious un truth, because labor holds the in terest of useful humanity above every other interest about which ! we know. Capital is merely the stored up wealth created by labor in industry and utilized for further production of wealth. So far as production is concerned, the interests at capital and labor, while not identical, are not neces sarily in conflict, but the present dominating influence of the great aggregations of capital is not for production purposes, except Inci dentally to the making of profits. Similar Interests Noted, The interests of labor and man agement are much more Nearly along similar channels. Each has a distinct function to perform; each. when free to function naturally and normally, strives for the same goal. Perhaps I can achieve something in the direction of clarifying the importance of freedom in industry the importance of establishing the best possible relations, the import ance of giving industry a chance to be industry Instead of a power house for banking institutions, by quoting from the remarks of Vis count Haldane at a recent meeting of the National Institute of Psy chology in London: "We had reached a stage where more and more the mere mechanical work was being .done by the ma chine electricity would make a still greater revolution In this di rection and manual labor was get ting to be rfcor.e and more the di recting of the machine. In other words, mind was coming in, the business. Mind was a very im portant thing. It was not capital that 'created wealth, nor labor, but mind. One of the objects of the institute was, as far as possible, to relieve labor from the sense that men and women were only ma chines. Their aim was not to get the utmost out of the individual without regard to the individual's own concern." Management Is I in port ant. Our future welfare development and prosperity require that there be mutual respect and confidence, thorough understanding and unity of purpose between those groups in and around the industrial world which have as their prime object the making and the distributing of commodities for human use. Of these groups labor is, of course, the largest and the most important Two other groups which are rapidly coming to have a clearly defined identity and a clearly defined func tion are those generally known as management and engineering. Functions Are Separate., If the functions of men engaged in these two groups at times overlap that does not by any means destroy the separate identity of the groups or becloud their distinct functions. Management has certain definite functions for which it must be held responsible. The shortcomings of management cannot be laid at the door of labor. Labor already has incorporated in Its formulated demands upon indus try a demand for efficient manage ment. It is the duty of manage ment to correlate and regulate the various divisions and processes of production. Bad management re sults in low-grade production and sometimes in bankruptcy, and the workers pay the penalty. , Bad man agement cannot produce in compe tition with good management so as to pay either good profits or good wages. Labor ha-s a right to demand that Its energies be not dissipated and wasted by bad management. The most appalling and i-nexcustable bad management is that which is made ineffective or inefficient by the dic tates of a financial control. Great HELEN AND WARREN and It Is Only by Wife's Clever Lieing That Visifing Relative Finally Awkward Situation Clock Causes All Trouble. livelingly on the bedizened atroc ity. - "For the love of Lulu? Where'd you get that damned thing?" Aunt Amelia stopped short. A par alyzing pause! "You mean that old candlestick?" with frantic telegraphic glances. "I found that at an antique shop the other day. It was so reasonable " "I mean that clock!" with a snort. "Of all the garish Junk " , "That's Warren's idea of humor," laughed Helen shrilly. "He's always saying absurd things like that. He knows we're both crazy about that clock ever since you gave it to us. He's just trying to tease you." "Oh. he is?" an ominous note in Aunt Amelia's voice. ."Do you know what he did tha other day?" desperately Helen rat tled on, trying to bolster up her lie. "Why he he asked a minister if he knew of 'a reliable bootlegger where he could get soma booze.' " Helen paused for breath. Implor ingly she glanced at Warren, but his head was bent over the pipe ha was cleaning. Never adept at lying, he could not help her out. "And Aunt Amelia, that minister was furious. He wouldn't believe it was a joke. You said Warren vis ited you one summer when he was little was he like that then? Did he say those absurd things and think them funny?" "Not to my knowledge," Aunt Amelia's voice was still frigid. "I venture he was always getting into mischief." persisted Helen. "You know he just loves to say things to shock people. The most atrocious things, without a grain of truth in them! Now don't you, War ren? Admit you do." "That's right." ha contrived," with a grin. "Guess I've got a rotten idea of humor." Then, abruptly: "Where's that cherry bounce we made last summer? Maybe Aunt Amelia would like a glass." "Oh, I'm sure she would, Helen rose eagerly. "No, I'll get it. Where is it? Side board?" Helen shot him an Indignant glance. It was like him to make this ghastly break, then escape and leave her to smooth it over. "You wera telling us about your operation for gall stones," hoping to steer Aunt Amelia back to this all absorbing subject. But apparently Aunt Amelia was thinking hard. She kept glancing at the clock as she sipped her after dinner coffee. Helen was desperate. Should she invent further stories to prove War ren's absurd idea of humor? No, that might make it seem more sus picious. Better pass it over and get Aunt Amelia back -to the gall stones. "Did you have many gall stones?" she chanced, knowing so little about them. "Only one, but it was very large as big as a hen's egg. The doctor said the largest he'd ever seen." ".Why, Aunt Amelia, hovr dread ?a: tf,' tor-.-'. t.; i..s..;-i A'-.':.':.v'!:::-! ! t - x ojfi ' ll? l :,,'f'C;fil : I V , f " v. ; " Ill industries compelled to adopt wrong methods at the behest of a financial control must collect from the work era directly employed a portion of t-he cost of that comtrol. For the most part management is intelli gent enough to realize the great harm that results from Wall street domination, but has not yet found the way to freedom from that dom ination. Co-operation Is Needed. Future welfare demands co-operation between management, v labor and engineer for the release of all industry from a senseless, wasteful, unsocial and brutalizing control by powerful 'high finance. Against an honest return and le gitimate profits but few will protest. We have yet to find an equal spur to initiative. What labor maintains is that profit must not be the sole and dominating motive in industry, but that profit must come as the nat ural and logical result of service rendered and must constitute a re ward for service instead, of a re ward for speculation, chicanery, ex-. ploltation and autocratic domina tion. Our machinery of production sur passes the machinery of production in any other country in tne woria. It Is capable of infinitely more than it is doing. It is and has been un der the necessity of operating at less than capacity because of the common pract'.ce of restriction of output and shutdown indulged in by those who control the most im portant Industrial organizations in our country. It has been charged that the trade unions restrict output. That may have been true in the long ago. but ful ! Dear," as Warren appeared with the cherry bpunce, "Aunt Ame lia said her gall stone was as large as a hen's egg the doctor said the largest he'd ever seen." "Yes, both doctors said that," even Aunt Amelia's suspicions could not keep her from dilating on the size of her gall stone. Helen, professing a breathless In terest,' urged her to further details. "Did the ether make you sick? How long were you under it?" Adroitly led on. Aunt Amelia dwelt verbosely on the operation. How she suffered when they dressed tha wound, and twisted the tubes that drained the bile. Yet they said they never had a patient who stood pain so welL Every detail of the operation finally exhausted, Helen led her back to the sciatica, which lasted until her taxi was announced. Instead of merely seeing Aunt Amelia to the elevator. Warren took her down and put her into the cab. The moment the door closed after them Helen wished she had gone down, too. What if Aunt Amelia, still suspicious, Bhould say some thing about the clock? Warren, who could never dissemble, would blunderingly give the whole thing away. "Is It all right?" was her tense greeting when he returned. "Did she say anything more about the clock?" ? "No, but she didn't quite swallow that yarn you tried to put over." "It was the only, thing I could think of. Oh, how could you' make that awful break? The way you blurted it out!" "How the Sam Hill was I to know? Td forgotten she'd given us the blooming thing! Why in blazes did you have to plant it on the man tel?" "Because the last time she was here she asked for it!" excitedly. "I had to lie and say we were hav ing it repaired." "By George, that's so. I'd forgot ten that." "Oh, you're hopeless. You're al ways making some dreadful blunder and I have to smooth it over." "You didn't smooth this over so blamed well," glaring at the of fending clock. "That was a mighty thin story you cooked up." "I had to say something you wouldn't! It saved a scene." "Yes, that was pretty awkward. Kitten." with a relaxing grin. "A tight hole to crawl out of. Best thing you did was to steer her back to the gall stones. But next time you drag out any old wedding pres ents, tip me off. Don't try to pua anything like that without putting me wise !" (Copyright, 1922, by Mabel Herbert Harper.) Next week "WTarren a Clumsy and Reluctant Nurse." Sale of Honors Whitewashed. LONDON. The distribution of British, honors, the awards cl peer,. JJuUt SStS Jar-vie -o it is not true today. There is, how ever, an enormous restriction of out put for which the whole country suffers. Is there any important in dustry in our country which pro duces to capacity 12 months in the year? Moreover, is there any in dustry in our country in which the machinery and methods of produc tion could not be altered or im proved so as greatly to increase the possible volume of output? If there is such an industry I have not heard of it. If there is this lack of capa city production who is responsible for the limitation? Manifestly it is those who own or control the indus tries. The limitation of output which is charged against workers would be infinitesimal when com pared to the admitted and obvious limitation of output practiced con tinuously by those who control American industries. Agreement. Is Likely. I am confident and all labor is confident that when management with the help of labor succeeds In releasing itself from the short sighted, selfish . and unintelligent control of what we may well call the financial oligarchy, most of the present restrictions of output will disappear and most of the disputes between employers and workers will be avoided. It is seldom difficult for workers to reach agreement with management when' management is free to do the intelligent thing. Before the railroads lost their identity as railroads and became feeders for the coffers of Wall street serious disputes between railroad workers and railroad managements were practically unknown. With the passing of the control of. employ ages, baronetcies and lesser dis tinctions, is to be investigated, but in this wise. A royal commission has been ap pointed and will . inquire into the matter, which savors of scandal, for it is known tha honors have been more or less openly sold. But the committee will make no public re port on what it learns. Neither po litical party has a clean record In this regard. Therefore, to prevent the wreckage of many glass houses, it was decided no one should be al lowed to throw stones. There is to be no delving Into the past, so far as the public is con cerned. The commission will sim ply advise on future procedure in the awarding of honors in years to come. - Admiral's Son Sacrificed to Save Crew. Swedish Snbmarlne Commander Submerges Leaving Four to Drown STOCKHOLM. Sept. SO. Two men were drowned from a submarine under singular circumstances dur ing the recent Swedish coastal fleet maneuvers. They were really sacri ficed to insure the safety of the whole crew. The submarine Illern. It appears, fired a torpedo at a movable target and then came to the surface In or der to see the effect produced. Four of the crew came on deck, but trou ble suddenly occurred in the ballast tanks, and the commander imme diately closed the hatch and sub merged, leaving the four to their own resources. Three of the men were washed off the deck, but the fourth clung to the submarine's periscope. The sub marine rose again quickly and this man was rescued. Two of the men in the water, including the son of Admiral Ancarerona, were caught in the wash of the battleship Sverige and drowned. The other man was picked up by a naval cutter. It is reported that the entire crew of the submarine would probably have been lost if the commander had failed to submerge immediately tha trouble was discovered. Glider to Climb Upward 20,000 Feet Forecast. German Engineer Predict Com mercial Fnrore for Plane. CLEVELAND, Sept. JO. A motor less airplane capable of climb ing to an altitude of 20,000 feet Is forecast by Dr. George H. Madelung, designer of the successful Hanovar glider which, in a recent glider com petition in the Rhone valley, broke all records by staying in the air for more than three hours. Dr. Madelung now is a member of the designing staff of a local air plane company. Describing tha phe nomenal development of the ma chine In Germany, he explained its operation. The machine has a gliding angle of 16 to one that is, in still air it ment from the active managers of railroads to- the banking- interests of Wall street there began the pe riod of serious disagreements with the workers. The root of the trou ble experienced in the railroad world is imbedded in the Wall afreet-control of railroad managements. Ideal of Service Best, I think it could well be laid down as a rule that labor has least cause for complaint, has the fewest griev ances and exhibits the largest amount of good will and enthusiasm and Initiative in those Industrial es tablishments in which the ideal of service is most nearly approxi mated. Labor not only has nothing to fear from a liberated manage ment, but on the contrary It looks forward with eagerness to the time when all management may be re leased from a control which must be as irksome and reprehensible to management as it is to labor. No notion can be moredesfrructive to real progress than the so-called company union proposal. Quite apart from the fact that workers tn a plant are not In a position formally to present the interests and view point of the employes tn the plant, this further and most Important factor must be considered: If wages, hours and conditions of employment can be determined by each of the company unions with each com pany's directors, industrial chaos would result by reason of inequali ties in wages, hours and standards. Bona Flee Vnlone eeded. The leveling trend would be down ward and every company union would be each for Itself, his Satanic majesty taking the hindmost. What is required are rally bona fide unions of the workers as broad and wide as the industry itself, where men may speak the thoughts of their fel low unafraid and where the union may help to establish the minimum wage, the maximum hours and the best possible conditions for labor to give its service. Production in industry is as much dependent aipor, good will as is suc cess anywhere. So long as there Is an unintelligent and frequently bel ligerent comtrol of industry and consequently of industrial policies, the full release of good will on the part of the workers in industry is an impossibility. Those battalions fight best where there is mutual re spect and mutual understanding be tween officers and men and where there is' a common outlook toward the end to be achieved. Mental Satisfaction Required. There Is never a complete release of good will, which is but another term for the expenditure of mental and physical energy, except under conditions where rtrife and onfltct are avoided and which makc for a mental satisfaction. When men are engaged in a battle for a cause to which they pin their faith there is an utter abandonment and a full release of energy. There Is an al most equal abandonment and enthu siasm In the playing of a game In which there is at stake merely a test of skill and dexterity. In in dustry there Is the nearest approach to this enthusiasm and release of energy in those ca-ss where those at work have the deepest interest in their tasks; where there is at best development of harmony in human relations; and where the conditions and rewards for service are the most Just and equitable. Of course no one contends that In dustry should develop the temporary enthusiasm of sport or the magnifi cent self-sacrifice of war, and 1 have cited those things merely to indicate something of the possibili ties of industry under conditions which are not only possible, out which I firmly believe are inevit able. Improvement Is Aim. We cannot remain as we are. We cught not If we could. As a people v e owe It to ourselves to bring our industrial organization to the high glides IS feet to every foot It de scends. It has a still-air speed of 20 miles an hour. If the wind is 20 miles, an hour the glider remains stationary, and if more than that it goes backward; but if the air cur rent is -upward the glider ascends. It is upon upward currents of air that the glider places main depend ence for keeping aloft for more than brief periods. In sailing for a considerable dis tance the glider pilot must know approximately where he will en counter upward currents. Plowed fields and other open spaces where the heat of the sun creates a con siderable up current are favorable places. It is for this reason that the charting of the air currents has become necessary for the commer cial development of the glider. When the places along a certain route where air currents may be en countered become known, flights of hundreds of miles and ascents of more than four miles may be ac complished. Dr. Madelung eaid. He pointed to the hawk and other (oaring birds as an illustration. Tha hawk will sail down to a field, whence it will cycle in ascent, forced upward by the rising air caused by the reflected heat of the field. When It has reached a suffi cient altitude it soars away, to re peat the process miles distant. In this connection, Dr. Madelung commented that the hawks and oth er soaring birds do not fly at night, stating that tha reason Is because all air currents are downward at right. Night flying is impossible with gliders for the same reason. Dr. Madelung said. With the application of the prin ciples discovered tn gliding a new type of arplane, far more efficient and safe than the present types, v.'lll result. Dr. Madelung believes. D. Madeluntr's designs are being Cuticcra Stops Itching And Saves The Hair Shampoo with Cuticnra Soap, preceded by light touches of Cuticura Ointment, do much to cleanse the scalp of dandruff, allay itching and irritation, arrest falling hair and promote a hair -growing condition. . WMUW.JMpiU.MAiM tB.MSM." Sold r7 ; WW, Sos Sc. OinttMBt S ud 0c. Ttimffl 26et. I a9naCamcaraSoapaiwvawitamtmu. est possible development In order that there may be the fullest and xichest outpouring of commodities, not only to sustain life, but to make life in so far as possible intellectu ally and spiritually rich. It is not necessary that we shall always have drudges and drudgery. Kvery drudge in the world, every Ignorant person in the world, every person who feels himself aggrieved, and every person who is unable to find a livelihood as the result of produc tive toil Is a liability which can be discharged only by reversing the conditions which create and main tain the liability. I trust that it will not be said that I have been painting a picture cf too mirch excellence. For my own part I know .that any excellence that the human mind can imagine can be achieved by human effort. If there Is any shortcoming it is with our Inability to Imagine rathe than our inability to achieve. The race will ultimately achieve greater perfection than any who are now alive can imagine. Human Relations Problem. But there is no royal road to the future. The road will doubtless be strewn with many hardships. Thire is no magic word which will compel the great and powerful organiza tions of finance to withdraw their .lighting grip from the world of productive Industry. We have ahead of us a task in the doing of which we shall be called upon to use all the reason with which we have been endowed and more patience than has been given to many of us. The whole problem in its essence Is one of human relations. Those who have the common good lit heart must learn to think and act together for the common good. Those who are engaged In construc tive work must learn to think and to function together and co-operatively. Management and labor have in reality a common purpose. Engi neers have a like purpose. None of these three has any legitimate pur pose in the scheme of things ex cept to create wealth to produce things for human use. If any of these think it is his purpose and nls function to produce for soma other purpose than human use he is labor ing under a most pitiful delusion from which he should be aroused or telieved of his post. I'nlons for Workers First. The trade unions are primarily, of course. Institutions for the pro tection of the rights and Interests of the working people. So long as greed makes it necessary for the organizations of the workers to function as militant, fighting or ganizations it will be Impossible for them to contribute fully toward the enlargement and the betterment of industrial processes. Kvery thoughtful trade unionist nopes that the time Ts near when It may be increasingly possible to give more thought to the perfection of our industrial processes and to be relieved of the necessity for the ex penditure of so much effort In mere ly preventing reaction. I have indicated earlier in this article certain developments which seem to point to the end of the period of reaction. Labor will fight as long as it is necessary to fight for the preservation of progress, of .ights- and of liberties that have been gained and for the welfare of the great masses of the people of cur country whose rights and lib erties are Inseparable from those of the workers. The great end' to be desired, how ever, is the concentration of all ef forts upon the improvement of our Industrial processes and the per fection of our industrial organiza tion. It is fundamental of .course that there must be recognition on the part of the employers of the right of the workers to organize and to be represented by represen tatives of their own choosing. It Is fundamental that there must be used extensively in the construction here of a new type of seaplane. It will have a wing design similar to that of the Hanover glider to be used by the United States navy. Dr. Madelung waa assistant engi neer before the war in the Oet-mnn 1 11 SAY "BAYER" when you buy Aspirin. Unless you see name "Bayer" on tablets, you are not getting the genuine Bayer product prescribed by physi cians over 22 years and proved safe by millions for Colds Headache Toothache Neuralgia Earache Lumbago Accept only "Bayer" package which contains proper directions. Handy "Bayer" boxes of 12 tablets Also bottles of 24 and 100 DniRfristi. Aspirla is the trade auric of Bayer Manafictare of Moaoaottleacldrater of Belief Ucaeia Ooodbye mM y' " " V so Art ymm "an a u neak tn Maad laa. T a. B. 8. Is ana af Um sraasasa slut wniw kjwwm, Xrzka joint relations between workers and employers and that througr these Joint relations there be agreement upon the terms and conditions un der which service .lii.l be irwii. These are the first stepping stones jf democracy in Industry. I take It lor granted that no thinking, pro gressive man or woman will con tend that there can be progress tn Industry any more than In our po litical life unless the fundamental tenets of democracy are to be ac cepted. The general check and re buke that have been administered to the reactionary forces In our most essential Industries Is an In dication that tha future belongs tn tnose who espouse tha democratic Ideal. We have hope on the Indus trial field and. If I may Interject, we have hope also on the political flcldi concerning which It may ba Interesting to speculate briefly, l'olltlral Pealtlon Stated. In politics American labor is non partisan. It espouses principles, but it ia not concerned aa to par ties. The American Federation of Labor Is active politically, hut In a strictly non-partisan sense, tn every state in tha union. It ia proud to have contributed materially to tha recent downfall of some of the out standing leaders of reaction and It ia equally proud to have contributed materially to tha sweeping victories of progressive men who have been nominated In the primary elections during the last few weeks. It Is safe to say, even before tha elections are held, that the next senate and the next house of rep resentatives will contain a suffi cient number of progressive, intelli gent men to prevent the enactment of any reactionary legislation riur Ing the next two years. There will, it ia certain, be a goodly number in the house of representatives, antl among these there will be a gratify ing proportion of trade union mem bers. In the senate there will be a formidable group of such men as LaKollette, Hrookhart. Frazler, Nor ris, Johnson, Hnrah. Harrison, Lailrl, Swanson, McKellar and others. . In addition to those who may be relied upon to be progressive In every con test there ar . those who will es pouse certain progressive measures and who will to that extent be of service to the common welfare. Among such men Is Senator Mct'or mick, who has introduced the child labor amendment to the . United States constitution. I should like to make It clear that the American labor movement In politics is the champion of the In terests of tho great masses of our people. Labor Is Interested In poll tics In no narrow or partisan sense. There has never been a legislative proposal espoused by labor that was no'. In the Interest of all America except those who are aligned with special privilege and the great financial powers. Labor Is not Interested In politics as a means of solving the problems of Industry, however. Iibor ts In terested In politics for the protec tion of liberties and for tha promo tion of Justice and equity In all things which are actually polltlral. So fax as industry Is concerped, tha best service which politics can ren der Industry is to refrain from re striction and coercion In order that Industry may be free to work out Its own destinies. Labor la con vinced that there la no political so lution of Industrial problems. Tho various factors in Industry must and will work out the destiny of In dustry. Labor Is hopeful and confident. Our people are Inherently and nat urally constructive. They rebel at coercion and repression and they will not tolerate enslavement. As free men they will, through natural, orderly, rational and constructive methods, find the solutions of tha vexing problems of today and make of the world a better place In which to live. institute of aeronautical research at Aldershoff. He was called to the front aa a pilot, but waa later re called to Aldershoff. 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