It
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 10, 1922
DEMAND FOR DIVIDENDS ROOT OF TROUBLE, SAYS GOMPERS
Wall Street Said to Clamor for Highest Possible Return on Investment' Without Regard for Service Rendered Nejr Relationship Between Capitalists and Workers Held Necessary for Industrial Peace.
BT SAMUEL OOMPERS
President American Federation of Labor
This is the second of a aeries of articles
en the labor situation by Mr. Gompers
TODAY'S 'labor problem" Is like
ly to be looked at by most per
sons from the viewpoint of to
day's headlines. That is one reason
why there is apparent somuch im
patience, eo much demand that
"something be done" Immediately
about whatever happens to be the
uppermost subject of the day. wheth
er it- be coal strike, railroad strike
or street car strike.
Something can be. done about any
situation that will bring about an
immediate Chang's In that situation,
but is that always the wise thing to
do? Today is today, it is true,' but,
as the seamen say, "tomorrow is also
a day."
Yesterday was a day, and there
have been many yesterdays, building
up a background and a set of causes
for what is happening today.
It may be dramatic to rush into
"doing something about it" right
away, but there is seldom any rela
tion between imprudence and states
manship, between rashness and con
structiveness.
There Is no man living who knows
all about our modern complex indus
trial world- Only a few actually un
derstand the basic general principles
that are at work in the Vast machine
of production and distribution, and
what are the effects upon this ma
chine created by political activities
at home and abroad. The subtle, yet
firm grip on industry by the -world
of finance is to -many persons a
thing of mystery. , f
It is difficult for people generally
to actually and clearly comprehend
yeen our' general manner of living
and working now and in the period
"when the government of the United
States was tstabllshed.
Money-Lender Is Factor.
Discovery of the power of steam
and of electricity brought a complete
revolution in our -way of living. It
added, in a figurative, but Very real
sense, to the number of arms with
which men may work and "create
things for use. These discoveries
brought the factory into being. In
dividual effort in the home and in
the private workshop was supplant
ed by collective effort in great fac
k tcries and mills! New forms of in
dustrial life demanded new princi
ples. i. Power as Used today in great fac
tories enables employers to have at
their command a productive force
many times greater than the number
of men employed. Because , great
masses of machinery cost much
money, the money-lender has become
a most important factor. The money
lender in olden times was rather a
small figure in the industrial world,
though a ' power in the political
world. Today he has become the in
vestor in stocks and bonds, and by
degrees he has come to be the- most
potent and powerful figure in deter
mining industrial policies. Had the
change come suddenly we should
realize and appreciate the scope of
his power much more than we do
after a slow and gradual evolution
ary process.
When bankruptcies occur the Te
ceiVership takes charge and operates
the plant or business in the interest
of the investors and the creditors
in the interest of fiinance. That, as
well as anything, ehows the impor
tance that attaches to great finan
cial powef in modern industry.
Money accumulates through profit
:n one form or another, and is passed
along by inheritance. Investors, as
they are called, seek always to in
vest n as tn ftemira the hierhest rata
f of return. Seldom, if ever, do they
seek to invest for the purpose of
producing the greatest amount of
service.
Finance Power Distinct.
Finance in industry has, to all in
tents and purposes, been set up as a
power distinct from the power of
human effort. Those who invest
great sums of money have sought to
weave about finance a set of stand
ards and principles an identity
separate and different from the
standards and principles applying to
human beings. Few persons would
be willing personally to compel the
starvation of others persons, yet
finance may cause that starvation
without bringing condemnation upon
those who possess the financial
power. Investments finance may
be so manipulated as to cause great
misery to large numbers, and there
is a code of ethics to sanction this
conduct. Corporations are set up as
persons of an entirely impersonal or
non-human character, yet having
more rights and powers than human
beings; and these financial corpora
tions may conduct themselves as no
human being would dare to, because
of these separate codes of ethics and
standards.
The power brought to human use
through steam and electricity and
machinery- is dominated by highJ
finance. High -finance, seeking the
highest rate of return, seeks ever
to determine policies of conduct for
the establishments in which it is In
vested. Banking houses in Wall
street dominate and even elect the
boards of directors of great Indus
trial and transportation establish
ments. These, in turn, select man
agers to suit the banking control,
and these, in turn. are compelled to
set up policies' to suit the banking
control. Labor policies are among
the most important policies in in
dustry. Labor policies set up to suit
a banking control which " Is intent
primarily upon the rates of interest
and dividends, and which must have
interest and dividends, frequently,
on watered stock and a pyramid 61
bond issues, must be made in vio
lation of the best interests of the
multitude of workers and - the
masses of the people and, 'as often
as possible, without their consent.
Root Of Evil Placed.
There we arrive at the root of
today's important Industrial con
troversies; particularly truei in the
railroad, mining and textile con-
troversies. Inert capitaL has been,
seeking to impose its imperious de
mand for dividends upon the living
multitude of human beings' who do
the work and consume the product.
The essential thing is to reverse
the importance of profit and service.
Profit today is placed first and. serv
ice second. Service must be made
paramount and profit must follow
as a result of service. Human
needs Of workers may then be con
sidered of primary importance -In
the determination of labor policies,
management will be freed of its
greatest burden and co-operation for
ever-increasing and ever-improving
production will be possible to the
fullest degree. Labor looks for that
time and strives ardently, to speed
its coming. -
Considering, as we have been, the
relation of today's "labor problem"
to causes and remedies, there are
many things to take into account.
The dominant, immediate root
cause of the recurring industrial
disputes of magnitude. in the domi
nation of Industry by high finance.
There are many collateral diffi
culties. There are many ramifica
tions to the general state of affairs
coming under the general 'heading
of . "industrial discontent" and "in
dustrial dispute."
Development of modern Industry
in great factories and mills, bring
ing; thousands of workers, under the
ID
c'.-:'-;- : s..-y. i- .of-v .'.:: .tr ... . . r.-.- ita i
direction of a, single employer, has
changed the relation between em
ployer and worker, and has made,
new forms of relationship neces
sary." In addition to this, there has
beentne growing enlightenment of
the workers and a consequent grow
ing refusal to accept a status which
most workers once believed was or
dained by God, and against which
it was at least impious to protest.
Before power was discovered and
applied to industry, production of
everything except the barest essen
tials was for the rich and powerful,
Machine production, demands an al
most universal consumption; it re
quires that the masses be consum
ers. Growing up with' this mass
production .has been a developing
mass demand for commodities which
add. to comfort, which afford luxury
and which satisfy the mind.
Substantial furniture is no longer
made exclusively for nobility and for
squires and potentates. Factories
could not operate on their demand.
It must be made for mechanics,
farmers and small business men as
well; and they demand it. . Tele
phones are not only for the rich;-!
there are not enough of the rich to
support a modern telephone system.
The plumber and the grocer and the
carpenter also must have telephones.
Phonographs must be bought by the
masses at a dollar a week, if need
be, to keep the factories running.
Automobiles have become democra
tized; they long since ceased to exist
only for the rich. There has been a
parallel development of production
capacity and mass demand. Educa
tion has been a stimulant for the de
mand; and in turn modern industrial
and commercial life has stimulated
the demand for education. There has
been a striking development of com
pensating forces. Mass production
can exist only in connection with a
mass appetite; and a mass appetite
can get satisfaction only through
mass produotion and adequate com
pensation. . ' ' J
Relation la Important.
. Wages and working conditions be
come factors of the first importance.
Relations-between workers and em
ployers become of an Importance
equal to diplomatic relations be
tween nations. The relations be
tween the railroads and the railroad
workers are of a great deal more
moment to millions of people than
are the relations between the United
States and many of the nations of
tho earth.
Such relations, to serve modern in
dustrial conditions, must be cast in
accord with today's conditions. They
cannot be cast in accord with condi
tions that existed before we knew
anything about great factories, be
fore we had electr'city and steam.
Nor can they be cast in accord with
the general concept of human rela
.ions that existed before the masses
cf the people came to comprehend
what is meant by democracy.
Where groups of men, or masses
of men, are employed in a single In
dustry, frequently by a single era
plover and that is the case in mod
urn industry there must be a com
pensation for the great change that
has come over the producing power
of the individual and over the actual
distance between employer and
worker. As a matter of fact, the
employer of old has disappeared.
The function of employer has been
divided. There are now the great
financial Investors and the manage
ment. Management has direction of
operations in tho industry. The
great investors, as everyone knows,
furnish money to Industry in return
tor stocks or bonds; demanding div
idends in return.
' Worker Is Helpless.
Confronted with such a complex
situation, tho Individual workman is
helpless. He must either be a serf
like dumb brute, voiceless, surren
dering all thought of either protest
ing against injustice or of contrib
uting intelligence and initiative to
the productive force of which ho is
a part, or join with his fellows and
in their. collectivity attain the status
to resent injustice and attain fair
consideration of his right. Two
things give him a. resentment against
the status of serfdom. One is eco
nomic pressure, urging him con
stantly to oppose retrogression and
to strive for Improvement. The other
is the purpose to exercise cltisen
ship rights in their broadest Inter
pretation the purpose to practice
democracy in the most Important
sphere of his existence. ,
The result of these forces and
these factors is organization. Ex
perience has taught workmen that
the trade union Is the most serv
iceable and practical form of or
ganization. The trade unions came,
not by decree or by accident. They
came in response to definite de
mands and requirements. They
came to give the worker a chance
to exercise a voice In determining
the terms and conditions under
which he shall give service in in
dustry. If the democratic principle Is
right anywhere It Is right In indus
try. The trade unions rest their
whole claim to a right to exist upon
the fundamental Tightness of the
democratic principle. The reason for
their existence is found in Industry
itself.
Trade unions function through
agreements with employers In which,
certain stipulations are set forth as
. - . j r, f WArk
cjnpiuyci B, i r.iioiN.ft nii-' -
upon autocratic control following
every historio , precedent have
looked upon trade unions as organi
sations which sought to infringe
upon the prerogatives of employers.
They have chosen to see only the re
sistance sldo of trade-union possi
bilities. The reason that high financiers
take and hold this point of view is
lear. They see only profits..
Partnership In "Service" Urged.
' But management occupies a some
what different sphere. Management
at Its beat must look first to serv
ice, to production, to general well
being. Unions offer to management
the release of a vast creative force,
a great good will, a great initiative.'
As racidlv as management can be
freed from financial control which
eeea. profits first and service after
wards, management and trade
-unions will develop a co-operative
relationship that will inject into In
dustry something akin to a spiritual
quality. Borne industries now ap
proach this state of being.
The good will, the creative en
ergy In full flower, the Initiative
and enthusiasm of workers In an In
dustry can be given to Industry only
through organization and good re
lationship. Organized labor is an Institution
of humans. Mot even its stoutest
defenders or advocates will deny
that an error of Judgment may at
some time have occurred; but tak
ing group with group, and compar
ing each with the other, there has
been less of error and less of dis
honesty, more of high moral aim and
purpose, more of honesty and In
tegrity in the much misunderstood
and much misrepresented organized
labor movement than proportion
ately In all of our complex society.
We are In the midst of a develop..
Ing process. Wo hare left much be
hind, but tho best ts before us.
Workers yeara tor every good thing,
yearn to llva creditably, yearn to do
those things which are followed by
a sense of satisfaction and at times
by exaltation.
. This Is something about labor
that ought to be understood, btcaune
it offers to society a great hope for
a great achievement and future.
(Copyright, JKL'l. Wheeler Newspaper
Svn-ilcate.
on no
BY A. GARDES GROWER.
AS I WAS passing up Morrison
street a few days ago "window
shopping," my attention was
attracted to a flower basket in the
store window of Clarke Bros. It
was filled with a gray and white
foliage plant and some very striking
dahlias in a soft pink shade, almost
of the same shade as we knew in
the La France rose 15 or 20 years
ago, one of,those rose Shades Which
cannot be described but which seems
to have an appeal all of its, own. I
imagine. I was not the only one at
tracted by this combination, for
while I was in the store inquiring
about it two other persons came in
with similar inquiry, and I was In
formed the inquiries were almost
continuous since the Gasket was put
on display. - '
The next day there was another
combination of the gray foliage and
red gladioli and the following day
a mixture of the gray and" delphi
nium and in every case the combi
nation was so harmonious and at
tractive as to arrest attention, but
my first impression of the combina
tion of the gray green foliage and
the pink dahlias was so Intense that
I borrowed the combination and
have endeavored to give the readers
an idea of it in the illustration today
but really the combination in actual
reality would have to be seen to be
fully appreciated.
The matter of the pink dahlias is
easily disposed of, but upon investi
gation I find I can tell the readers
of this department some "Very in
tcresting things about the gray fol
iage plant, and which was really the
big thing in the combination. The
beautiful pink dahlias were strictly
a Portland product, being the Mar-
11a Gill type, having been produced
as a seedling by Li ills liros., of this
city. In general form and color It
is somewhat, similar to the every
popular Delice variety but I think
that Marcella Gill is more brilliant
in color tones and has more char
acter. In addition to this it is a little
larger than Delice, -and has a won
derfully fine habit of producing the
blooms in a vertical position and on
such stiff stems that you can-get
the full value of the flowers. As a
dahlia for decorations it has a strong
urge, in fact I think it is more use
ful in that respect that Mina Bai
gle, for its colors are so soft they
will harmonize with almost any
tiing, except a flaring red. -'
" - .- :
The gray white foliage plant was
really a poinsettia, or rather the
poinsettia which we know so well
at Christmas time and which be
longs to the same family. The proper
name for the plant was euphorbia
vanegata, while of course euphor
bia poinsettiana is the poinsettia of
the Christmas holidays. The grayish
euphorbia is a hardy annual and
the mass on display was raised In
the open at Hillsboro from seeds. It
will grow about two feet high and
the branches can be cut in long
length. The leaves are all of a gray
color, terminating in a series of
bracts, just like a poinsettia, but the
bracts are variegated, while in the
center are some small and insignifi
cant flowers, similar to the little
flowers we see on the poinsettia. It
really could be called a gray poin
settia so similar in character is
It to the poinsettia as we
know It. but speaking strictly
while listed in catalogues as
the variegated euphorbia, it is really
euphorbia marginata, getting this
designation from the fact that the
bracts, which resemble the f lower,
while a light soft- green, have a
cream colored and almost white mar
gin around the edge giving , the
whole of the flower-like structure
a different character from the fol
iage of the plant itself. In some lo
calities this euphorbia is called
ghost weed. ,
The entire euphorbia family is
one of the oldest in horticulture and
also one of the largest, having prob
ably 1000 species. Very few of them
are suitable for garden use. In Eng
land and some parts of Europe ,eu-
horbia polychroma, with its varie
gated brilliant foliage is used for
edging, but the two members of the
family which distinguish themselves
for garden work are the variegated
variety and the poinsettia, but the
garden use of the poinsettia is lim
ited to those sections with a semi-
tropical or a tropical climate, while
tell of the euphorbia family, and
said the name had been bestowed
in honor of King Juba's physician,
.but later day scientists seem to
agree that it came from the Greek
word for fat, as all the family
have a thick, fatty milk-like juice,
in fact this juice is one of the qual
ities which enable the" botanists to
distinguish between the cactus-like
forms of euphorbia, of which they
are many, and' the real cacti, but to
cover that subject and the different
varieties of euphorbia -would be ex
hausting, therefore I dimply want to
suggest that if any of the readers
of this department are looking- for
a novel, interesting, easily raised
plant, I suggest that next spring
tney try euphorbia variegata. There
is only one drawback to it and that
40,000 dozen tulips in a week, and
the carnations average in season
about 3000 dozen each day. . The en
tire grounds are parked and Im
proved with driveways like a -private
estate, and while its principal
business is producing cut flowers, it
has a great number of greenhouses
devoted to tomatoes, which Is one' of
the big crops of the greenhouses ih
England. - ';....
Several weeks ago, as I came . In
the Sandy road from the Columbia
river highway,1 I noticed growing
In a yard In Troutdale a large bed
of carnation flowered popples,"and
from the number of persons who
have spoken to me about it, this
bed has attracted attention from
folk going over Oregon's famous
I- to a 1ittlA mf T. .. 1- . . 1 1 Via hiirhurov (Jn.-QPTl . T- -I. .ftianlfl
in water immediately upon, cutting I asked me what the flowers were I f soil,, in the spring, just as soon
. . ... .... - , . . . . .. 'natVic anllla A - m f Iia foil
the-valley is a precocious subject.
In one district : it- wiU. flourish In
sand and 1x1 another does just as
well in heavy , loam, but in other
areas it may and does refuse to
grow anything; but foliage, no mat
ter -what the soil is, unless speeial
preparations are made for it. The
Germans made a success of grow
ing it but their Success is not merely
due to location, but rather to cor
rect handling and proper attention.
Denmark and Ho Hand can pro
duce some good valley roots and in
some English woods one may find
areas of , it -growing wild in won
derful profusion.
"Generally- speaking, . lily-of-the-valley
likes a well drained soil with
a cool bottom. If the soli -is right
they do not object-to an open sit
.uation. but if flowers are. wanted
and not . merely the increase in
plants. the position' should be
shaded "to some extent or ' the buds
will ' be spoiled.' - plenty of 1 well
rotted manure is essential and the
more rotted leaves you can gather
together the better. In the woods
the roots revel in the sandy leaf
mold and never go down beyond
three or four inches. Plant single
crowns, covering with three inches
and should be cut in the cool of the
day, when the stems are upright
' .
I have a rare opportunity -for
those who have plantings of Jap
anese maples in their gardens to be
of service to the city of Portland
For several years since the plant
quarantine was established it has
been impossible to import Japanese
maples into this country on account
of the danger from diseases. The
American nurserymen, who under
normal conditions cannot compete
with the Cheap labor Of Japan, feel
ing the quarantine might be lifted
before they could get a stock propa
gated, neglected to take steps to
provide American-grown plants, and
there are now practically no plants
available. As these highly orna
mental miniature trees do so well in
Portland, many of them are re
quired for the public parks. Super
intendent of Parks Keyser issued in
structions for the park nursery to
propagate Its own stock If cuttings
could be" obtained. A. W. Nussbau
mer, who is arborculturist of the
park bureau, is ;pow looking for
available cuttings, and as I know
the urgent need of these for the
parks, I make an appeal to readers
of this department that if they have
Japanese maples, to let the park
bureau take cuttings from the
plants. Mr. Nussbaumer assured me
that the cuttings will be taken by
the experts of the department, and
will they will be made so that the
plants will not be injured but, on
the contrary, helped. The cuttings
will be taken by proper prunings.
If you are willing to aid, kindly
telephone the - park bureau at the
city hall.
' "
What' might be called the largest
flower-producing plant in the world
is at Uxbrldge, England, and,. Is
Owned by Lowe & Shawyer. It was
started . In 1864 by Joseph Lowe,
who is still alive and today this
"flower factory" covers 120 acres
and employs more than 500 persons.
The entire plant is heated by hot
water, driven through miles of pipes
by electric circulators. Miles and
miles of canvas is stretched over
framework to protect the "outdoor
crop in bad weather, and 20,000 win
dow sash frames, each four feet by
IX feet, are-used for the same pur
pose and to hasten along blooms.
The firm annually raises 600.000
chrysanthemum plants and of these
150,000 are flowered in pots, the rest
being bedded in the open and pro
tected by the canvas and sash when
the plants come into bloom'. Roses
are a great feature of the place, and
59 greenhouses are devoted to grow
ing them. Six greenhouses, each 44
feet wide and 275 feet long, and eight
smaller ones are set aside for car
nations. More than 100,000 sweet
pea plants are : put into pots and
planted out and protected by the
sash and canvas.
It requires 30 " girls to cut the
flowers from the sweet peas alone.
and this will give some idea of the
great number of flowers cut. The
firm owns its own bulb farms in
both England and Holland, and tbe
annual crop is 5,500,000 early, and
Darwin tulips, 1,500.000 of daffodils,
1.250,000 of iris and 750,000'- gladioli.
The tulips are planted in series and
produce In this way what might be
called six crops, between the time
of the last chrysanthemum and the
first gladioli. When the chrysanthe
mum season Is on 60 men are re
quired to cut the flowers and on
some days as many as 2000 boxes,
each containing from four to six
the variegated will grow in almost dozen blooms, are shipped to London.
af-y section. Pliny; was the first to Tho firm, annually, cuts about
nni .--r.rojat a iieairA to hv them ! a the soil is ready, or in the fall
'.li. sours ill lor. commerciiu growing
plant in rows about 18 inched apart
and six Inches from crown. to crown.
This will allow constant cultivation
Unless you cultivate and keep every
weed down and at the same time
conserve -the moisture you cannot
hope to get good plump crowns. If
you water during the dry spell do
it thoroughly. In cutting the flow
ers never cut the foliage from the
plants you -want for roots, - and it
is really best to set aside-the most
pointed crown for ; that purpose
Beds of lily-of-the-valley will keep
going for years, until .the roots be
come too matted, when they should
be broken up and re-sorted.
' '
My. friend- the retired gardener
dropped In to see me recently and
made a suggestion that may be of
interest to readers of this depart
ment. He said:
"There may be a few geraniums
In your garden which have been
used for bedding, edging or In the
window' boxes, which, If taken up
and potted, can be used for flower
ing In the house during the winter.
The first thing to do before taking
them up is to cut them back real
hard, and then as soon as the new
growth starts again, put them into
rather small pots. It is a peculiar
thing about geraniums - that ; they
will, da better in winter if they-are
pot bound. They want to be watered,
sparingly and given a good sunny
window in the south orwest of the
house." ,
::-':- - -
j Problems of tfce Garden. 1
X have been a much-interested raader
of your page and have received a: great
deal of help therefrom. 1 would like to
know when is the proper time to plant
Oregon grape. I planted about 150
plants this soring, but they . all died.
They were set out immediately after
being , taken up. I should also like to
known when isthe proper time for plant
ing sweet peas for sarly spring blooms.
A. FLOWER ' LOVER. . Vancouver.
Oregon grape Is a rather difficult
subject" to transplant, as it , does
not like to be disturbed. Possibly
you have not lost all the plants you
put in, for it takes sometimes a
year or more before they take hold,
as I know, from experience, as I
have some plants in, One f part of
my garden which were put in three
years ago and tms year have two
leaves on them. It-usually takes
so long for the wild species to get
established that I believe it is better
to buy established plants, from the
nurseries for ;-ornamental planting;
If, however, you desire to try again,
I suggest that you get your plants
this fall, in October.- , If you desire
you can start plants from the suck
ers, which you will -find plentiful
on most types of mahonia.
As to the time for planting sweet
peas for early blooms I suggest that
they be put In during October. The
great danger with peas outdoors is
not so much for the direct action
of the frost but that the frost will
heave the ground and snap off the
young shoots. If this should hap
pen you might start some plants in
doors in; January, set them out in
February with some proteotion un
til they harden or plant your seed
outdoors in February.
' '. ,
Last "spring a few of my tulips went
to seed and I saved the seed and now I
am wondering -what to do with them.
Will you please tell me when to plant
them, . whether indoors or outdoors and
when I may expect them to bloom? -I
am very anxious to see if they will grow
for me and what the blooms will be;
- C. H. W.,- Coqulllc. Or. j
Answer Plant the seed now, out
doors, and put them in some place j
where they will not be disturbed for
in their garden next year.- This
poppy is one of the most attractive
of the papaver family, - and . it is
surprising that it is "not-., more
widely grown, -for while it is not
as large as . the peony flowered
poppy, which was also growing In
the same yard, I think It is more
satisfactory, for it can be used for
cutting purposes if it is cut when
in the bud, as all popples should
be cut. Of course it is an annual
variety, and that Is possibly' one
reason why It lacks popularity when
compared with the perennial orl
ental poppy, to be found in so many
Portland gardens. If you take time
to study the annual popples you
wiy find there are two principal
groups, one of which is derived
from the European field poppy,
which includes the Shirley poppies
and others of the single variety.
The second group comes from papa
ver somniferum, or the opium
poppy, while a third group, but
little used, is the tulip poppy or
papaver glaucum. The best repre
sentatives of the opium popples are
the carnation flowered poppy with
fringed petals and the peony- flow
ered poppy with petals entire. In
colors they range from white to
dark crimson, the soft pink colors
being particularly attractive. To
get the best results with either the
peony or the carnation poppy, sow
the seed where the plants are ' to
flower, as poppies of all kinds do
not like to be disturbed,
The place should have , plenty of
sun, and the seed put in as soon
as frost is over in the spring, and
the plants thinned out until they
are eight to ten inches apart, as
you -will find them vigorous grow
ers. The odor of these popples
is not attractive, out tney nave
great decorative possibilities as cut
flowers.
In looking over some trade papers
received during the week I was
rather interested in two types of
bouquets, and I think I will submit
a description of both without com
ment, and let the readers judge
which . is the most -. attractive, - for
I feel each bouquet will have warm
supporters. . ' -
The first bouquet ' to attract me
was a raport that the garlic crop
in Italy was a bumper crop this
year, being more than 20,000 tons,
or 40,000,000 pounds.. United States
Consul Byington of Naples reports
that about 3,000,000 pounds of these
more than fragrant bulbs will soon
be seeking admission, to the United
States, and they surely, will make
some bouquet. -
The other bouquet I want to fell
about is really two,, and they were
the winners at the . London show
for color combinations. The first
was a series of . bouquets designed
for bridesmaids and was composed
entirely of orchids and greens. .The
orchids used were the odontoglos
sums, odontiodas and anthuriums.
The outstanding bouquet -of the
display was said by experts to have
been a "dance" bouquet, made with
small yellow ealla lilies and the
crimson spathes of aiithurium, an
dreanum and scherzerianum orchids
and these were backed with a trio
of laelio cattelya ballae orchids in
soft mauve shades. '
For the benefit of a number of
readers of this department who are
interested in growing lily-of-the-
valley, and'who have asked me from
time to time questions about its cul
tivation, I want to give you some
advice from a professional grower
who recently- expressed his ideas
in The Florists' Exchange. This
professional grower- said: "Llly-of-
three; years, for it is very seldom
that you can get a bulb of sufficient
size from seed to "produce a bloom
In less than three years. Do not ex
pect anything striking or remark
able, but If you have the time, the in
clination and the ground you can
spare for such seedlings you will
find it a most interesting study.
Some weeks ago I wrote, inquiring
about the reason why my ten-year-old
wtotaria has Rot bloomed. ' I am sure
it has not been overtrained. . which you
said - Is .sometimes the causa of failure
to flower. I will explain more fully: It
Is under a broad eave on he west side
of the house, near which Is a wild crab
apple tree. It does not have a trellis
and gets very little sun. I plan to change
It to another location on the west sids,
trellis it and It will then be. in a posi
tion to get all' tho afternoon sun.
Could it be that the tree consumes
too much of the moisture? Our front
entrance Is -on tho- north side. -Will you
kindly suggest some evergreen shrubs
that would thrive under trees? The
cotoneasters and laurels are -always
good, but 1 would like a medium height
shrub. The soil condition may be the
reason many of my perennial plants have
not eadured - here, but sand and bone
meal should remedy this, should It not?
Please send me In the inclosed addressed
envelope the addresses of tulip and iris
growers.
. MRS. C. T. A., Aberdeen. Wash.
Answer I have submitted the
problem of your wistaria to five or
six experts here, and they are
puzzled as much as I am. They eay
that it may not, being under the
eaves of the house, get sufficient
moisture to set flowers, while others
cite cases of where there are hand
some vines in Portland under similar
circumstances. In fact, I know of
one vine on Portland Heights planted
on the east side of the house und3r
broad eaves and surrounded by large
shade trees, yet each year it blooms
wonderfully well. .Try moving it,
but in taking it up you Bhould take
it up with a very large ball of earth,
for it is not a small task to move a
vine of that age so successfully that
it win cor tlnue to grow, in fact even
with a large ball of earth it will get
such a setback that it may disap
point you for a year or two until it
gets thoroughly established.
Have you ever tried - veronica
traversl for a location on the north
and under trees? It has proved very
successful here in Portland and Is
widely used. You will find some very
line specimens of it in the orna.
mental plantings around billboard
locations and In the parks it is being
used quite extensively. The leaves
are small and leathery and it has
spikes of white flowers in June. Use
bone meal as a feeder and sand to
make your soil friable if it is a clay
ana tnen II results do not follow, the
cause Is probably the lack of humus
ana the best way, to get that Is by
tne liberal use of well-rotted ma
nure or the incorporation of .leaf
mould in the soil.; The addresses
you requested have been forwarded
to you.
.',-".. .'
I have several ferns of the Boston
type, including two fine specimens of
the Roosevelt variety. They are well
potted, thriving and heavv with, follaire.
but the foliage Is a light color and not
tne ricn, dark green so much desired.
Is there anything I can rt tn r-ninr
them? K. A B.. Albany.
Answer If you have it, give them
soot water made from bituminous
coal and weak doses of nitrate of
scda. Possibly you have your ferns
in an exposed place and they gat
too much light. All ferns come pale
wnen exposed to sunshine, and th
rule- is the heavier the chads' the
narkei the foliage.
WOMEN'S SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
(Continued From Page t. )
Mrs. William House; memorial markers,
Mrs. J. M. Knight; child welfare, Mrs.
licity, Mrs. Joseph B. Kirby; hoapltallty,
James N. Davis; battleship Oregon, Mrs.
P. M. Wilkrna; Indian welfare, Mrs. S.
A. Lowell; resolutions, Mrs. O. H. Pet
tlnger; American history text books. Mra.
I.. L. Patterson; auditing, Mrs. A. B.
Coates; printing. Mrs. Robert C. Wright;
preservation of -natural scenery-' Strs.
Charles Wcod Eberlein; credential. Miss
Anna L. Taylor; programme, Mrs. John
H. Hall; general arrangements, Mrs. U.
O. Smith; reception, Mrs. John F. Beau
mont; information, Mrs. B. P. Hitch
cock; badge, Mrs. R. F. Walters; ways
and means, Mrs.. R. S. Stearns.
'
Blackman circle. Ladies of the
Grand Army of the Republic, held
Its regular semi-monthly meeting
Wednesday in Oddfellows' hall, Sell
wood, with a large attendance. The
executive committee is planning a
number of social affairs to take
place In the fall and early winter,
the first of which will be a social
hostesses to the -worthy grand mat
ron, Mrs. Therese M. Castner, of
Hood River, the past week when she
visited each chapter officially.
Thursday she was the guest of the
chapters of Coos county at their
celebration of natal day. More than
200 members of the order were at
this meeting, which was held at
Bandon, and this chapter proved a
most delightful hostess. The chair
man, Mrs. Jean Pearse, and the
worthy matron, Mrs. Ruth Corsen,
assisted by able committees, served
dinner at noon to the guests and the
afternoon session was devoted to
the business of the organization. At
night a programme in which each
chapter had a part was given and
at the close of this the chapters of
the county competed for the loving
cup. Benlsh chapter No. 6. of Co
quille, having the largest attend
ance, won the cup for the second
year.
The worthy grand matron deliv
ered an address at night and also
presented the cup to the winning
day and silver tea at the home of
Mrs. Ionia Hancock, 205 Emerson chapter.
Friday the worthy grand matron
ISLAND LURES BRITISH
You n Engineers Flan Settlement
In South Pacific.
LONDON. .Discouraged . at the
outlook In this country, dissatisfied
with the after-war Britain, but ac
tuated mainly by a love of adven
ture, about a dozen engineering
students of Loughborough college
are Setting out on September 1 for
an uninhabited Pacific Island be
longing to Ecuador.
Most -'of -them are ex-officers.
Among them is an author, D. L.
David, who wrote "la Brot." He
expects to find in. the new settle
ment work for his pen as well as his
hands. A 90-ton vessel is being
made ready for the expedition.
The chief means of existence they
hope to find by utilizing the: re
sources of the island itself; the de
velopment of fruit-growing and the
breeding .of cattle.
All hands will be required to work.
although climatic conditions, it. has
been ascertained, are Ideal and all
they will need for food can be ob
tained without working, if they are
content just to loaf and invite their
souls. ' - '
Their destined home, the adven
turers say, is about 600 miles from
the Panama canal. ,
street, on Friday, at which each
member will donate a dollar earned
during vacation time and tell how
It ."was earned. Members are urged
to attend and friends are invited, i
The "west side Lavender club No
2 will hold its quarterly birthday
dinner at Peninsula park next Tues
day. - All members are requested
to be present for all day.
.
The Richmond Parent-Teacher
circle met in the school assembly
Friday afternoon. The programme
consisted of round-table discussions,
current events and musical num
bers by Mrs. SInbough. and Helen
McCullough. Refreshments were
served.
- .
The Girls' Friendly society will
have corporate communion this
morning at 7:30 o'clock at St.
David's church. All girls interested
In the Bociety are invited to attend.
The regular meeting of the Busi
ness Women's club will be held at
the T. W. C. A. social hall at 12:10
o'clock Thursday, September 14
with Bertha McCarthy,- vlce-presl
dent, presiding. - The Right Rev.
George Mott Willlams of Paris, who
recently made an auto trip through
France and Germany, wilt speak on
present conditions as he found them
in those countries. Bishop Will
lams delivered his interesting lec
ture in this connection"-before the
members' forum of the Chamber of
Commerce about two weeks ago.
Special music will be supplied by
Mrs. Catherine Covach Frederick,
director of music of St. Francis
cathedral. Miss , Marie Sommers is
hostess for the .day.-
Mount Hood Circle, 151, Neigh
bors, will have no meeting'-next
Tuesday night September 12. -The
circle members are- all going out to
Arieta to visit Myrcia circle Wed
nesday night, September 13. Take
Mt. Scott car to Arieta, walk. one
block north,
The Democratic Woman's club
will resume its regular meetings.
bee-inning next Thursday at 2 P.
M., in the auditorium of the Journal
building. Under the direction of the
national committee the club mem
bers will take up a course of study
in civics. - The topic or discussion
will be "Enow Your State." Mrs.
Alexander Thompson' will speak on
the Oregon legislature and Judge
Catena will speak.. on "The Courts
of Our State." Mrs.. Alice McNaught
wilL give an address on "Idealistic
Educational Benefits of Our State."
Dr. Elof Hedlund will speak on
"The Power and Duty of the Sen
ate and House of Representatives."
Miss Virginia Lee Miller will enter
tain with vocal solos.
Mrs. -Elizabeth Sprague Bogue, a
very active member of the United
Artisans, has been elected to the
office of supreme warder of the
society, succeeding Mrs. Mable Greer
of Colfax, Wash., who resigned to
become a candidate for county
treasurer.
visited the chapter at Port Orford,
where she was extensively enter
tained. This week she will visit the chap
ters south of and Including' Grants
Pass, and from there will go to
central Oregon via Klamath Falls
and Lakeview.
The American War Mothers met
last Wednesday for a home-coming
and business meeting. Extensive
plans ars being made for the com
ing year. A luncheon, to be served
by the officers, will be ' held the
third Wednesday In the month.
Clubwoman of Hood River
Has Many Engagement.
Mrs. Charles H. Caslaer la Buy
Killlna; Speaklajc Dates.
M
-ABERDEEN, Wash., Sept. 8.
(Special.) The first meeting of the
Grays Harbor Women's Republican
club, organized Tuesday night by
Mrs. Emma Smith DeVoex, will be
held next Monday night in the
parlors of First Congregational
church. Mrs. A. F. McCleary of
McCleary, president, and Mrs. A. D.
Wood of Aberdeen, vice-president,
will speak at the meeting.
-
Coos and Cury county chapters at
.the Order of .the Eastern Star, wsre
RS. CHARLES H. CASTNER of
Hood River, who for a number
of years was state president of the
Federation of Women's Clubs, .and
who at the present time is worthy
grand matron of tho Order of the
Eastern Star in Oregon, has been
invited to speak berore numerous
women's clubs of the state. While
visiting the Eastern Star chapters
of the state in. Coqullla recently
she spoke befors the Coos County
Pioneer association at a celebration
of that organization, arranged by
the woman's club. This club la
one of the leading; clubs of western
Oreeon. and has a -membership of
over 100. many of its members be
ing early pioneer women of that
county... They have preserved
through their co-operation with the
citv council a beautiful myrtle wood
park, which contains many large
trees of this precious wood, that
are many hundred years old. ine
park is located in the heart of the
little .city, and will stand as a mon
ument to the women of the commu
nity. They also have erected
rest room which is comfortably
furniBhed.
While In Gold Beach Mrs. Castner
was invited to speak before the
Woman's Commercial club, and this
little club is to prove Of great value
to this v community. especially
through efforts toward civic im
provement in anticipation of the
completion of the Roosevelt high
way, which will put Gold Beach on
the direct, road up the coast, and
brin r it to the attention of tho peo
ple of the state as a summer resort
-
Wlnslow Meade circle No. 7, La
dles of tho Grand Army of tho Re
public, will hold a 600 party in
room 525 courthouse, tomorrow at 2
P. M. Laura Van Valkenburg, ores
ident; Mary Ryel. first vice-presi
dent, and Estella Martin, secona
vice-president, will assume full
charge of the floor during the first
game of the new series. The "quilt
ing ladies" are urged to be pres
ent at 10 A. M. A lunch will be
served.
; - . - .
Portland Federation of Women's .
Organizations, of which Mrs. Alex-
anrlM ThAmnmn fa uresldatnt. will
hold a joint luncheon in the ball
room of the Hotel Multnomah. Plans
are being worked out now to make ,
the event a notable one, as it la ex
pected that speakers will be ob
tained from among the visiting,
clergy and women of. prominence
whk a rm attAnriino Ih, nar u I n n
Tho officers and board of dlrec- ,
tors of the Portland Women's lle,
search club will meet at the Wash
ington street Hazel wood tomorrow.
This is the first' meeting aftei
the summer vacation, and plans will
be outlined for work during the fail
and winter.
. It is especlaly requested that u I
officers and members of the boa:l
be present.
- The Woman's Progressive Unit i f
Laurelhurst club will meet for 1 1 . v
annual election oi otneers luesany.
September 12. A no-hostess luni he n
will be served at the club house nt
usual at 1:30 o'clock and a buslm:
I. ...... 1.1 ..11. 1 , 1 u ,, .
Laurelhurst club activities will :.
resumed for the winter. The fit i: fly
club will meet tomorrow at 3:3".
Thursday, September 14. Mr. tit.)..
Mrs. Will B. Haines will preside .,.
cards.
The alternate Tuesday afternnm.
card party will begin with Tuesilriv.
September 19. The card commltu- ...
will be hostesses.
The Corrlente club will meet a' ,
1 o'clock Tuesday. September 11
at the home of Mrs. A. D. Gile,
East Sixtieth street.
The following officers will I,.
installed: Mrs. C. W. King. pr. ti
dent; Mrs. J. F. Kinder, vlce-pi..l-
aent; axiss tsertna Moores. secret.iry;
Mrs. A. If. l.m. treasurer.
FROM GIRLHOOD
T01I
OMAMHOOD
Woman Relied Upon Lyiia
E.Pinkham'8 Vegetable
Compound
Emporia, Kansas. "I began usins
Lydia E. Finkham's medicines years
Ago wnen i w. a
girL For several
years I had C3
vcre Dainsatrr.o
stnial period.;.
,, .: ' Vj j
ft I
making me vs-ry
weak and inf. t
ferinir with jny
regular dutier. I
tried several Mm
edies.without ob
taining relief. I
was induced to t
Lvdia E. Pink-
ham's Vegetable Compound Ly
xnenaa ana lb renwieu w iuhkm
health. I often have occasion arid ('
recommend your Vegetable Con
pound to my friends who have trc i
Dles similar to my own. You rrc.7
use these facts as a testimonial."
Eva Aldrich, ;218 Union St., LL:v
poria, Kansas.'
There are many women who frt
used our Vegetable Compound during
their girlhood days. They found i. x
valuable help during trying period
In later years they use it whenever
they feel those annoying symptor.-.f!
which women often have.
It la prepared carefully from mc.,:
cinal plants, whose properties are cm
peciafiy adapted to correct the tnr."
Dies women have.
Portland Woodcraft juveniles en
tertained with a plcnio at Peninsula
park Friday. About 40 juveniles and
their parents attended. Refresh,
ments and games for which prizes
were awarded formed the amuse
ments of the afternoon.
.
The woman's club season for both
the city and state will have an
auspicious opehing Saturday, Octo
ber 16, when the Oregon Federation
of Women's Clubs, of which Mrs.
Ida B. Callahan, is president, and. the
HOW TO REDUCE
VARICOSE VEINS
Many people have h'rnnn . pr n rf -:
bftcaueft they h&v ben led to hlif v th
there la no romedy that will rdu pwr.i
Ian vtlna and bunches.
If you will two-ounea orlrlnr'
bottla of v Moone'f Kmerald Oil fu i
strength) at any flrst-clatu druif !"'
and apply It at horn a rtlrtcbrd you w ' '
quickly notice an improvement whw
wiU continue until the veins and buu h
rare reduced to normal.
Monne'a Kiiierahl oil la very ronrer
trated and a bottle lants a tunc tiiu
that's why it Is a niont Inexpermlve trt
ment. It has brought much comfort (
worried peopl all over the rountrv an
Is one of the wonderful dtH-overia of
recent year and always bear In mind
that anyone who Is disappointed with It
ue can have their nmny refunded,
tttout-byons Drug Co caa supply uu.
Adv.