THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN. PORTLAND. AUGUST 13, 1922
Sll tit ll 'lit rfltVlVltttt'111 1 which had Intrigued the alone lo France for the fact that It favorable to a schooner entry. He
W , Ae . W W'VVW '
:T1BI.I.-Ht;u BY HKNKV U FITTOCK '
:'iore than two centuries, would
have len discovered at the same
Hi Wilts Xrer I'nrl anJ rkreane. , t.me.
C. a. morden. c. B. PIPER. ' It will do no harm to the verities
Vuiiu. Kdaor. lot history to apportion the credit
The Orfoi is a member or the A- for giving a name to Oregon be
wciated r"raea The iwiiied Pre ll f.n tr.. . miriavin" una
c.u.lv-y en: t:ed to the use fr pub - " T " UUrlK,ln. Has
tic wo.r eautied to th- use f.r pub.i- i first mentioned by Rogers; "Ore
cation of n! dispatcher credited to 'pen" undoubtedly first by Carver,
It M sot otnrwle credited In this paper lwr.a a anmot in o- nf a fnnd AnH a
and : the local new pubaehed here;B. aomnnin or a rraua and a
A.l r.xh: of publication of special die- ! riagiarUt but was not the "illiter-
lr:iLf bIT.;,L" "' r'n1- ;cte shoemaker" that he has some-
' i t:mes le n renreMpntex) f r, r, far-
jpes of mariners and kings for .Cid not put Its full force at the front is not bound to assent to unreason
able delay, under the rule which
gives the cup to the challenger If
no one comes forward to defend it.
l.ut a safe guess, notwithstanding:
Lipton's statement in 1920 that he
would cheerfully swap every trophy
I ver, altieit not the Independent trav-
until two years after the war be
gan, the United States for its delay
f two and a half years in declaring
r and for its further delay of
more than a year in beginning to
fight on land, while Italy defended
itself almost unaided. Only by that in his possession for the America's
r-eans can these two nations relieve
themselves from the reproach that
they let the French do their fight
irg while they prepared to fight.
Such an all-around adjustment
would require the service of an In
ternational tribunal of the highest
Br m.i.i
ri:y. Jai iij included, one year ioo nevertheless fairly reputable, ac-
fcl'.J: l.dT.'rS'S.Vt.v J.lii?rdfn tne ?n?ards r forth.
Iai y. Sur.day Included, en month .. .11
tally. without Sunday, on year twj
t'si y. Without Sunday, six months .. a.2
Iaa:y. without Sunday, one monta .. 6
Sunday. m year . z&9
By Carrier.) . .
Ii r. Sunday Included, one year Oft
1'eiiy. Sunday Included, three month. 2.1
I'al.y. -day Included, one month.. .7S
I'ai.y. w:hut Sunday, one. year.... 7ml
I'et y. wi-hout Sunday, three months 1 Hi
Xai.y. without Sunday, on month...
Mow ta Kerala Send poatoff.ee money
"It. axpreew or personal check on your
ioeai banc, stamps, com or currency are
at owner a n. Give poatoff-.ee addrewa
Im fu,l. Including county and aiate.
Porta Kates 1 to 1 aea eeai-
II Pares. 3 cento; 14 to 41 panel,
sen's; to t-t raxes, 4 cents. 4 to
P-a. 6 cerxa. hi to paea ceala
IMTl Rvelneoo Offli-so V..r..
Conn. in. eOO Ma-lava avenue. New Tork
erree tonk in. Btefer bu' iinf. Ch
tnti; erree at oc::n. Free, free ta
r. iieiroit. .i.; vrro M tonkUn
no-K oui:dln. San Fraarlaco Ca
Ier he claimed to have been, was . impartiality, ability and integrity.
The world has talked for years of a
world court of Justice. Here Is an
opportunity to inaugurate It with a
task worthy of Its desired charac
ter. Pending Its decision the cost
ct reconstruction might be made a
common charge of all the allies,
the devastated countries to be re
lieved of the burden of debts they
rave incurred for this purpose ex
cept their own estimated share. All
king's officers of his period, and in
this respect was perhaps the equal
of Itogers. though the latter seems
t'- have been endowed -with higher
qualities of leadership and to have
achieved some prior fame in the
Ii.dian wars. It was Rogers' plan,
but Carver afterward furnished the
rose for news and the literary
practical adjuncts, is "superior not . Captain Hooper and Lieutenant
only to the Australian bushnian I Reynolds of the Corwin and Corn
but in all these respects he dander Berry and a party from the
U'so towers above the ancient j Kodger?. If it be contended that
Babylonians and Egyptians " . . . j this nation did not pursue its ad
ray, even over our most immediate (vantage of discovery and later tak
precursors of .Europe. The airplane ii g of possession, it also will be
and the wifeless, the telephone and I held that no other nation did more
the telegraph, and the very use of :n that respect than we did. Stef
electrlcity; railroads and steam- ansson's claim to- occupancy
s-hlps and automobiles; . . . all 1 through the landing of the Karluk
cf this, historically speaking, dates ' party In 19J4 raises another inter
of yesterday." ,. es ting issue and one that Is likely
Let us, then, rest the case for to Engage the attention of interna
racial superiority upon tha-t slate- ! tional lawyers for som time to
cient, advanced though it may have r come. Stefansson himself was not
' - - j Veen lllogically to sustain a theory .with the Karluk party. The eom-
ITHICH IS THE SI PKEMOR K CEr j trat no superiority is thereby indi- rian'der of the Karluk was
i entail At laact - K.l ..... I hn , V, W '..... J TJ., ...I , . .. ..I .. . J
PrlAnl.,. r .h- nntmn that I 'l "C .. J '" ' "H"..,
" ' ' bushman of Australia and the Es
tne wmte race is innately superior
cup, is that he will not consent to
rtcelve It except as the well-won
evidence of a successful race. He
will scarcely regard a victory by de
fault as adequate compensation foi
the unremitting diligence of twenty-four
years.
BY-PRODUCTS OK THE PRESS
Painting; Attributed to I.ennnrdo da
Vlnct Branded as Fake.
The painting belonging to- Mrs. ,
Andree Hahn of Junction City, Kan.,
"La 'Belle Ferronniere," which she
attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, has
"Farm for Sale.
By Grace Hall.
What of the day if the yellow
. fields
No longer bear their mead.
been branded a fake by the world s And fruits of the orchards fall theii"
highest authority on Leonardo's! yields
CARTER AND BOOMS.
There L no doubt, as Mr. T. C.
Elliott of WaJIaV Walla observes in
lecent article a "Jonathan Carver,
Source for the Name Oregon,
that it was Carver's own book that
Introduced Into literature and his
tory the name Oregon, but the mat
ter of greater Interest to those who
Kk to trace these matters to the!
beginnings Is that Mr. Elliott';
further researches confirm th
artier opinion that Carver was In
debted to another. Major Robert
Rogers, for the word which appears
In the. spelling, "Ourlgan." In cer
tarn documents which antedate the
publication of Carver's book. Mr.
Elliott's conclusion that Rogers was
the dominating character In the
movement which gave Carver the
Information through which "Ore-
gori" first became known to the
world Is printed, in the Oregon Hi
torlcal Society Quarterly, wherein
It is shown that Major Rogers Is en
tiled to recognition among the very
first with whom the history of Ore
eon Is associated.
Tlie historical inquirer will be
convinced that there Is glory
enough to go around. Carver's
fame win not be materially dimmed
by new discoveries because the fact
remains that he was not only the
atrthor of one of the best sellers on
the London book market in the
years Immediately following 1778
but that he was something of seer
acd prophet as well. We shall al
ways feel a sentimental interest In
him for his unbounded faJth'in the
region about which he wrote, and
we are ready to accord to him no
small measure of credit for arous
ing a world-wide sentiment that
may have Immeasurably hastened
discovery, exploration and develop
ment. Ills introduction, for ex
ample, contains the following:
But as tho oeat of empire' from ttme
Immemorial haa been vradualiy prosrea
atvo toward the weat. thero la no doaM
that at e"tno futuro period mtffhty kmc-
dnml w:il emerge from tbres wilder
neeeea. and atatiy paiarea. and eoleinn
temple, with t ded eplros reachlna to
the aajea. anppiant the Indian huts.
whoae. n:y trophlee are the barbarous
trophies of their vanquiahed enemlea
It is worth while to speculate on
the probability that this was the
otirce of Bishop Berkeley's In
spiration for the line. "Westward
the course of empire takes Its way."
rr.liuiuoted by George Bancroft as
the more often repeated "West
ward the star of empire takes Its
way." Berkeley wrote nearly half a
century after Carver. It does not
admit of question that Carver was
f.rst to give popular currency tot he
nr.me. whether or not he plagiar
ised from the reports of a superior
efflcer. and rrgardles of the rela
tive eminence and respectability of
the men.
Rogers In 17S5 petitioned the
rrivy council of the king for per
mission and financial support,
whii-h he did not receive, "to con
ut an expedition across (ha
American continent to the Pacific There is much more to the same
ocean in search of the river "Ouri- I general effect, but this is enough
ran" and the Northwest Passaxe. to -how that, even If we credit the
He did obtain, however, an aDnolnt- vorst reports about condition of
nauuicraii nut tor wnun tne imas- I reparation payments collected fronr
rations of the people of Europe Germany could be applied to inter-
and eastern America might not est on these debts, and an interna
l.ave been fired with concern for t onal loan cousl be raised to reim
the Iacific northwest for many burse the damaged countries.
ears.
WHY OIR PORTS DECREASE.
Probable decrease in value of ex
torts of raw materials and food
stuffs during the fiscal year end-
The result of such an adjustment
might be to wipe Out completely
the debts due to the United States,
but when we consider the war as a
whole and our part In It. we should
not flinch. Even though it cost us
$11,000,000,000. this nation cannot
afford to live under the reproach of
ing June SO may indicate no de
crease In quantity, as the fall of I having borne less than its share of
prices may explain it. But that I the cost of saving the world from
will not suffice to explain the de- I German military domination
crease by value In exports of manu
laciures. me 101,11 oi wnicn tor THE GIRL WITH THE CTRL.
19. was about naif tnat for 19Z1. I Par it luast tvn neratiot mr. ,'.,..
- - " iTOgrrra in tne ciassuicaiiuii. mo
to every other will find food for re
flection in the argument of Profes
sor Alexander Golden weiser, in his
took, "Early Civilization," that the
case for white rapremacy remains
tc be proved. Yet It will be noted
that the anthropologist is impelled
to concede at the outset that on
the face of a present-day showing
"white man's cultural achievements
stand supreme." It matters less to
us pragmattsts that the complex of
our achievements "must rather be
regarded as an unique excrescence
of the historic process, as a singular
twist that has favored our civiliza
tion." than that our civilization has
:n fact been so favored. The re
sult has been achieved, and that Is
a good deal.. Will it be seriously
contended that we are not more
civilized than the Australian bush-
man, with whom Professor Gol-
denweiser compares us? Or that
we have not made vastly greater
in the lans-uaere of Edward Fairfax
kimo of the Arctic can point to no I Xaulty, whose letter is cited in the
similar contract with his Babylons Record.' rthe landing of the Kar
and his Egypts.' Capacity for prog
ress, for the want of a beTtter defi
nition, will suffice as a measure of
superiority of race.
J.! J 1 f" ' " .i " ents Bave amom,1,ea tne,r aauSn-KO-ordinatlon and the utilization of
cuuunuru to puriua uur raw l t(ira their very small and very, very irnnwlpdra than unv nther rapa that
materials and food in full volume L.mfuI daughters bv reciting the ! WJ?.dJ.? 1. If J- ll.
.k..,V. .kee. e,e.e..l K k. I . 7. T " .. ' ueJC.lUll U1C Ut-C 'U'"1"1'
- . itruiv Datntuc. uttia Doem aoout tne
reduced purchases of manufac-1 .ri hoe curl nrnmieH the
tures enormously, probably through geometrical center of her forehead.
lnaoimy u pay. inus me inaus- n wa. . most usefui sc-ar, of verse,
trial and financial disorder from
which they suffer are reflected
in diminished sales of our manu
facturea. which impose Idleness on
hundreds of thousands of our work
men and on much of our productive
capacity.
Having disclaimed any sentimen
tal Interest In the well-being of
the old world or in world organ
ization for preservation of peace.
the American people may be led
the authorship quite generally un
known, one imagines. Yet Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow wrote it.
and the fact that he did now hap.
pily discussed In literary circles-
lends to It the dignity and charm
that arise from recognized contact
with greatness.
In 1883 the verse was published
all by itself in an illustrated book
let, with silhouettes by Bertha M.
Schaeffer, and was entitled "There
iiythisshrlnkage in exports to real- Waa a Me Girl." Longfellow's
ize that they have a decided mate
lial interest. A bankrupt or
man who makes a bare living is a
loor customer. We may yet real
ize that the best way to promote
cur own prosperity Is to help our
foreign customers back to a posi
tion where they can buy our -goods.
COMFORT FROM OTHERS' TROUBLES,
On the principle that people In
trouble find comfort In the re
flection that others are In worse
trouble, let us turn from con
templation of the railroad strike In
the United States to the condi
tion of railroads in Russia. The
soviet displays refreshing candor in
confessing its failure to do business,
hough Its propagandists transfer
he blame to the fictitious blockade
by the allies. Commerce Reports
contains an abstract of a report
from Economic Life, a soviet gov-
rnment organ.
At the end of May the percentage Proves that the boy in Longfellow
unsound" locomotives h a d rvivea tne ooy mat wrote tne
mounted to CC per cent against 16jePlc of Mr- Kinney's turnip. That
t
son has said that it was composed
extemporaneously for the delight of
grave Alice, and laughing Allegra,
acd Edith, with golden hair," while
the poet and- his daughters were
strolling a pleasing origin to dwell
upon. The full text of the poem is
this:
There waa a little elrl
Ind ahe had a little curl
Rlsht-in tho middle of her forehead.
When she waa rood
She waa very rood Indeed.
But when she was nauxhty she was
horrid.
She went upstairs
And her parents unawares
Were lookins: out the window.
She stood upon her head .
In her little trundle bed
With no one mmh to hinder.
Her mother heard the noiee
And thought It was the boys
Playtnc in the empty attic.
80 she ran upataira.
Caucht her unawares
And spanked her most emphatic.
For those who have resurrected
the poem, with its intimate glimpse
of greatness, we have thanks. It
o 18 per cent before the war and
7 per cent at the end of May. 1921.
Of S92.000 freight cars. UI.OOO
ere out of order. Ties In the tracks
ave almost reached their limit of
seful age. and there are on hand
nly 50 per cent of the number
eeded for Immediate replacement.
eminent vegetable, you will remem
ber, "grew behind the barn: and it
grew and it grew," without doing
anybody any harm, or something of
the sort. But more, than that It
provides for paternal contemplation
a system of correction that has fal
len sadly into disuse and that, to
As to the handling of traffic, how ome advantage, might well be re-
would American . shioDerw like to I viven
ope with the conditions described
n the following paragraph:
Commercial traffic la not developing;
not because there la lack of freight to
ul. but because under conditlona ex-
ting on our railroads few owners will
ake tho risk of Ictruang their property
nam. Auafl irom ine extreme alt-
IF UPTON CHtLLENGES AGAIX.
Another test of Sir Thomas Lip-
ton's sportsmanship will come when
that doughty contender for the
honors of the tea renews his chal-
cu:ty in securing cars, there u no guar- I lenire. for the, third time within a
my wnaiever mat tne ire:gnt win ar- I - , . . ,
ve at lia destination. At tho .am a time J"1. ", ncw
e railroads aaaume no responsibility fori Ir-a'a run t le undeniable) that In-
ii. i . vw a . ' vi latw 1 1 1 w roini uo I . . .
ot admit even private guards to accom- I "-""l J'ureiy untmi-uuii
pany tho shipment Inside the freight I racing, such as has been symbol-
ars. although nowadays this appears to I i, j k sa e..en ini.mntlnnil
extent Insure, the shipper from pilferage
en roots.
ment as governor and commandant
of the important frontier post of
Mackinac and In this capacity en
raged Carver to accompany him on
his enterprise. To Carver he gave
Instructions, on Auguet II. 1866. to
proceed as far west as the-falls of
St. Anthony, and another of tiis
aides. Captain James Tute. he di
rected to set out for the west, with
a view of discovering "the North
West Passage from the Atlantick
Into the Tassiflck Ocean If any such
psssage there be." or "the great
river Ourigan that falls' into the Fa
ciflck Ocean about the Latitude
lfty. It is as curious as It is true
that Carver, who made the name
famous, received no command with
regard to Oregon and that Tute,
who did receive one. made no note
worthy progress toward its discov
ery. But Rogers letter to Tute. un
earthed by Mr. Elliott and now
printed for" the first time, possemes
a good deal of- intrinsic historic
value for the light It sheds on the
official conception of the nature of
the Oregon country In that time.
Among other things it says:
From Fort l.a Parrle you will travel
t bearing to the northwest and do
yU endeavor ! fall In with the great
nver Ourlxan which rises in severs! dif
ferent branches between the latitudes
Klftv Six and forty eight and rune west
ward f.,r near'.y three hundred leagues,
when It la at no great distance from each
tr.rr ioined by one from tne South and
a lttt:e eircam from the North: about
I !. forks teal will find an inhabited
country of rreat rn-he. the g:d la up
That river that cornea In from the nort!
at stxiut three days Journey from their
sre-l T.wn. par tho mouth of tt at the
s.u-a West el'te of a la-ge Munta-n. but
ther u n..t any Iron tre that Is known
to be work't among them. From th;a town
IN- tn-iabttants carry their got.l near
Tan Thousand miles to traffic with the
Jepanries and It Is a:d they have some
kar! of Keasl of Burthen.
It would not be easy to construct
ten an approximately accurate
it-ap of Oregon on the basis of
Rogers" qtu-er id.-as of the country,
the f.iurre of which may be for
ever, veiled in obscurity. Four hun
dred league- from the town men
tioned, he conceived the river our
Columbia as U'scharglng itself at
latitude ftfty-fotir Into a bay which
1-ent south and communicated witlj
the Pacific ovean In latitude forty
gtght. But the supposed fact of
f-reateat !mportancelo Rogers was
trat the bay In question had com
munication with Hudson's bay. Had
this early explorer been right, the
"river Oregon" and the Northwest
equipment of 'American roads that
jacht races, has lagged for various
reasons and it is no foregone con
clusion that it can be awakened
again. Aviation in Its larger aspects
has usurped the place of the elder
sport in popular favor. The Hall-fax-Gloucester
races have Inclined
are given by the strikers, we can tr" public to look with a more
rti!I comfort ourselves with the friendly eye on competition be
though that It might have been tween more practical craft. More-
much worse, and that by com pari- I over1, costs of building defenders
sen with Russia we are in a rail- I have gone skyrocketing anU times
road heaven, even w ith a strike on 1" New York Yacht club circles are
cur hands.
not what they used to be. The
challenge comes at a most inoppor-
turiA limp
OBLIGATION OF ALL WHO FOICBT. . Intrt)r,r nh. cf tho now.
Most of the difficulty connected Lf the forthcoming challenge is that
with inter-allied debts and repara- U.tr Thomas Is said to contemplate
t;on would disappear if all the na- offering a schooner for the next
Long concerned would take the trial for the cup. Though she will
origin of these claims as the start-I be named Shamrock V, she will
lr.g point, apply to it the principle represent a wide departure from
of equity and then work on those previous models and this will en-
lines. I ll the construction of a new de-
The war was a common enter-1 fender if the terms are accepted.
prise of all, the allies, the United American yachtsmen are inclined
States included, for the defeat of to believe that the Resolute can
Germany. France was their chief successfully content against any
battleground. Then the damage single-sticker that the visitor can
done to France should be a charge produce and if they are inclined to
to be borne in common by all the riake the conditions difficult they
allies, each France included inlrrav Insist on rules that will permit
some fair proportion, they to col-I the Resolute to be entered again. i rge.'
lect from Germany as much as that I As an alternative, it has been sug-
country can pay, and to divlJe it I rested that the holders of tie cup
among them In the same proportion. I might ask the British tea merchant
The same principle should be ap-o postpone action until the skies
plied to the other allied countries ore clearer over here,
that were laid waste-Venetia In The desire to change the model
Italy. Belgium. Russia and Austrian or the boats will be easily under-
i-oland. Serbia and two-thirds of stood by those who remember how
r.oumania. I successfully the Herreshoff sloops
As an off.-iet to the claim of each have held their ground against the)
war-ravaged country should be Fife and Nicholson boats, and it is
counted what they have gained by not Inconceivable, also, that Upton
the war In territory or sources of may hold the view that to altar the
revenrre. As the recovery of Al- i eciflcations would also Invite a
sace-Lorraine is restitution of re- I change of luck. He has plenty of
rcntly stolen territory, that case I precedent for a schooner race. The
n Ight be specially considered, but otiginal America was a schooner,
great value attaches to the acces-land so were seven of the British
stons of territory by Serbia. Hou- I ccntenders in that memorable race
mania. Italy, and to the emancipa- around the Isle of Wight. Succes-
tlon of Polantl and CaechorSlo- I snve challengers and defenders have
vakt.1. Though the former German been two-masted craft, of whom It
colonies are to be open to the trade could at least have been said that even to the anthropologist, these
It is interesting, nevertheless, to
speculate upon what might have
teen. Who can tell, as the writer
reminds us, whether a similar pre
cipltation in cultural growth might
not have occurred in the case of
another people and race' .
or whether. If the historic process
were to begin anew, white men
would prove equally successful?
Yet we but beg the question when
we say that "knowledge, theoretical
jvnd applied, is not the whole of
civilization, which is to say tht
our claim to superiority rests solely
upon a basis erected by ourselves.
For that matter there can be for
the present no other standard. We
know of no court of last resort in
natters of this kind, nor are we
willing to commit the issue, for ex
ample, to the judgment of the
Eskimo. . Perhaps the Eskimo be
lieves that his civilization is as far
advanced as ours. More probably
he thinks nothing at all about it.
We have not heard that Eskimos,
for all that they represent an al
most perfect example of adaptation
tc environment, are much given to
philosophy. It is indeed an Eskimo
peculiarity that he regards his
status as immutable, that he be
lieves himself now to be as he al
ways was. and that he will always
rf main the same.
It is in this matter of conscious
ness of capacity for evolution. In
any event, that we are distinguished
from others. If that be not supe
riority In a certain sene of the
term. It would seem to be very
akin to it. It is written that prog
less is the essence of life, that no
created thing, animate or inani
mate, was meant to stagnate, and
the logic of the situation would ap
pear to Indicate that the race which
exhibited an inferior capacity for
caking use of the gifts that Provl-t-ence
had bestowed upon It: that
learned nothing by Its own experi
ence and less from the experiences
cf its neighbors, would be hard put
to maintain a claim to superiority
in any sense.
Curiously. Professor Golden
welser cltesj the supposed amazing
acuity of the savage, which he de
res is any more highly developed
than that of the civilized white, as
cn illustration of a fallacy that
tne very superiority of the savage's
senses of sight, of hearing, of
smell, mark him as being there
fore closer to the animal. Nothing.
:t would seem, is proved by showing
that this is but a matter of habita
tion. "A bushman or Australian,
rtddenly removed to Broadway,
would succumb to the natural dan
gers of his new mlllteu even before
ne realized the Inadequacy of his
equipment for dealing with the
changed situation." On the con
trary, the white man. removed to
the bushman'8 habitat, would be
likely, in a sufficient proportion of
instances to prove the contention
tc make good. The case for a
iWinite superiority of the white
race is contained in the author's
own statement:
The frontiersman and the settler, the
trapper and the agent of the Hudson's
Bay company, excelled In the very chxr-
actenstlcs that were thought to ronstt
tute, an Innate peculiarity of the Amerl
can Indian, and any of these. Including
tne Indian, would meet their peer if not
their master In psychic equipment In i
member of the mounted police of th
Canadian northwest.
It is meet that we should be set
right as to some of our misappre
hensions. We derive no satisfaction
from a truly scientific comparison
of brain size and weight, neither of
which of itself connotes a higher
intellectual capacity. "Turgenev's
orain was extradordinarily large
and heavy, while that of Cambetta.
elso a man' of no mean mental ca-
lacity. scarcely reached the aver-
Again: "There is no Indica
tion that the revealed differences
between white and negro brains
stand for potential intellectual in
feriority on the part of the negro."
Our capacity for development of
the senses by practice is manifest;
lo use the author's own homely il
lustration, in the achievements of
our experts on cloth and tapestry,
on tea, tobacco and wine, in the re"
markable sensitiveness of touch
acquired by the professional typist
"and the even greater delicacy of
that sense as well as the same of
hearing possessed by the accom
p'lshed violinist and cellist." Psy
chologists have concluded "that the
senses and the elementary mental
reactions cf the aboriginal are "com
parable to those of his white breth-
ren. But the fact remains that,
fcr reasons which may not be plain,
BEFORE FLY-SWATTERS WERE IX
" VENTED.
We are reminded by an Item
printed in the Ohio State Journal
on July 31, 1859. and reprinted re
cently in that newspaper, that, the
crusade against flies, now being
seasonably renewed as a health
measure, is a comparatively modern
innovation. "On every side," wrote
the reporter sixty-three years ago,
"we hear complaints about the large
number of flies which swarm about
dwellings and other places." He
went on to say:
It is an old saying that when files are
plenty eJckness will be scarce. If this
assertion shouldprove true Columbus wit)
enjoy a degree of health this summer
never before known. . . . We have
heard that the branches of walnut trees
hung about the rooms of a dwelling aMii
drive the flies away.
In no particular have we made
greater progress toward health
than In knowledge of the transmis
sibility of disease and the agencies
through which epidemics spread.
The fly even then was admitted to
be a scavenger; like the catfish and
the sewer rat, it was supposed to
earn its keep by consuming waste
materials the menace of which was
een then dimly apprehended. But
n.aleficent germs ot disease hi.-J not
then been put in their proper place
with reference to human welfare
and the science of hygiene was to
all intents and purposes an unex
plored field. It was not until 1873,
or possibly 1876, that the existence
of micro-organisms capable of be
ing carried from place to place
was recognized and after that it
was some years before various
carriers were Identified. The'notion
that flies had a beneficial influ
ence on community health, how
ever annoying and . inconvenient
they might be. was quite com
rionly held 'until well toward the
close of the nineteenth century.
The inventor of the fly-swatter,
unknown though he Is, deserves a
monument, for he was one of the I
pioneers of hygienists of his time.
Great movements are apt to have
their origins in others of smaller
moment and the philosophical vis
ion is attained only as the field of
observation widens. We are able to
see now how" from tirelessly swat
tug flies people began to study
other methods of getting rid of
them, in which process some genius
tethought himself of attacking
them at their source. For accord
ing to a well-known natural law,
the more flies one swats the more
room one makes for other flies to
develop in, a tedious and vicious
circle not to be contemplated with
equanimity by those who are able
to view a problem as a whole. So
that Is how "clean-up" weeks came
to be established and mathemati
cians were inspired to point out
how by preventing the hatching oif
a single fly the birth of some brl
lions of its descendants might be
forestalled and finally people were
persuaded anew of the truth of the
ancient maxim that an ounce
ot prevention is actually worth a
pound of cure.
We know now that the plagues of
rgJPt were preventable, that flies,
lice, frogs, locusts and all the rest
of them swarm only when we tol
erate them. The Pharaohs knew
lees than nothing about hygiene,
else history would have been a dif
ferent tale. It took more than
teven thousand years to get rid of
the idea that the fly was a harbin
ger of good health, but the public
appears even yet to be unconvinced
that to be rid of them is worth, the
united effort without which no
campaign against them can succeed.
Science did its duty when it pointed
cut, and proved, the fly's deadly
errand on earth; It rests with-non-scientific
and lowly layman to per
form those final rites on which we
depend if we are to have o- flyless
world.
and enterprise, of all nations, the they were better models from the
holders of mandates have an ad- i-eafaring point of view and not so
vantage of much ultimate value, much opon as the Resolute, the
which should enter into the calcu- Shamrocks and their kind to the
Ution. Great Britain's claim would charge of being useless toys The
re limited to the value of lost mer- essential requirement that the chal
chant ships and to damage by air lenger shall construct a craft cap
raids. Ixss of American ships able of crossing the ocean is an
would also be taken into account, ether argument In favor of the
France and the other allies which schooner from the Llpton point of
were first in the field should be view.
compensated in the general account Upton's own Interests would im-
for their greater loss of men. In pel him to insist on s. race now, and
that manner Great Britain would to obtain, lf possible, a concession
elementary mental reactions have
not enabled him to attain a state
much beyond the primitive. He Is
still an aboriginal.
Elementary reaction, brain size
and weight and structural peculi
arity, acuity of sense, even capacity
for sustained endeavor and mental
concentration, In Professor Golden
weiser's view, furnish no evidence
to controvert the theory that the
races are fundamentally at par.
The white man, in command of
Knowledge with its theoretical and
STRUGGLE FOR ARCTIC SUPREMACY.
It will not be surprising if one of
the chief products of the approach
ing air flights of the explorer
Amundsen shall prove to be a con
troversy overs territorial rights
north of the Arctic circle. It has
almost universally come to pass, as
It did with the old Oregon country,
that the Issue of possession has
been suffered to smoulder until the
commercial value of a region 'has
seemed to have been demonstrated,
or at least until some future worth
shall have come to be apparent.
Thereupon there is much bustling
among cartographers, historians
and diplomatists. :
If Amundsen shall adhere to his
determination to take off from
Point Barrow, he will clearly have
made his departure from American
eoil. Point Barrow Is regarded as
especially desirable as a base for
Arctic flights. But the probable
determination of the Canadian gov
ernment to make itself independent
cf American bases in the future is
indicated by dispatches, recently
reprinted In the Congressional
Record at the instance of Senator
Robinson of Arkansas, stating that
that government will assert-its title
to Wrangell land, which would give
I', another starting point .and a bet
ter one than it now possesses in
the event that aviation in the
Arctic regions should develop great
trade possibilities.' The strategic
Importance of such a ' base as
Wrangell can hardly be overesti
mated. Wrangell land does not appear
on the maps of half a century ago.
Curiously, it was named for a
Russian admiral. Baron Ferdinand
Petrovlch Wrangell, who just , a
hundred years ago this year sought
for the island but did not find It.
If was discovered in 1867 by
George Washington UeLong, of 111
fated Jeanette fame, and there
after formally occupied and
ciaimed for the United States by
luk party on . Wrangell island was
the desperate resort of shipwrecked
men." , Bartlett's only reference to
!the flying of a British flag is con
tained in an allusion to th,e ulti
mate removal of the "British flag
that had flown so long at half
masL." Three of the men had died
meanwhile, and the flag had been
kept at half staff as an act of
mourning and as a signal of dis
tress. But It will also be disputed
that this was a lawful occupancy.
That BartleU may have been in
structed to take possession of the
country may be beside the question.'
Bartlett, according to Naulty, never
c. aimed that he had been in
structed and seemingly had no or
ders to explore west of the 141st.
meridian. Wrangell is in longitude
178 west, or thereabouts. On the
basis of contiguity it would be Rus
sian territory, but the Russians let
their rights lapse by failure to con
tinue the search for It begun in
1821.
Americans have taken the lead
In Arctic exploration during the
entire period in which exploration
has been a matter chiefly of ab
stract achievement and scientific
research. It is significant of the
recent progress of times, however,
that the stiuation . that has now
arisen is concerned with air routes
which bespeak conditions of which
the early navigators did not even
dream. The importance of the
Wrangell territory Is due to the
circumstance that if that land shall
be determined to be American it
will give "us, over known lands, a
flight route by way of Wrangell,
Jeanette, Henrietta and Bennett
islands, Graham Bell land and
thence to Europe, in " addition to
the route by the American side to
the Greenland sea.' Some of these
lands have known mineral re
sources. Bituminous coal, for ex
ample, was found and burned on
board the Jeanette in 1881. In con
junction with Point Barrow as an
American starting point, the route
north of Asia would possess ad
vantages over any trans-polar route
now thought of and would place
the United States on at ; least an
even footing in the development of
trade.
Like the fur trade of the north
west coast a century ago, that with
the lands north of Siberia promises
to furnish the material for an in
tensely complicated controversy.
But while furs will constitute a
valuable part of the resources of
the lands about to be thrown open,
they are likely to be exceeded in
importance by immense deposits of
fossil Ivory. "There is more fossil
ivory," says Naulty, "on one Island
than there is of all other ivory in
the world. Airplanes are. now
built to carry a load of two tons,
and two tons, either of furs or ol
ivory, either of which possesse
sufficient value to bear the cost o
transportation, could be conveyed
ly way of Wrangell land to a trade
center in Canada or the United
States in four op five days, grant
ing some further slight improve
Q-.ents in air service. This compares
with about four months consumed
in transporting cargoes from the
Pacific northwest to New York and
Boston in the period of about half
a century following the discovery of
the Columbia river. The quest for
the Northwest Passage, following
he search for the fabled straits of
Anian, has given way to a not less
romantic competition for favorable
uir routes connecting civilization
with the new frontiers o&the north
work. Sir harles John Holmes, cu
rator of the National gallery In
London. ; . . "...
This is the picture which Mrs.
Hahn brought to the United States
in June, 1920, saying that it was an
original and that the famous La
Belle Ferronniere," which long has
hung in the Louvre, was only a cqpy
of it. There was some prospect, -It
was said, of the picture being pur
chased for the Kansas City Art in
stitute upntil Sir Joseph Duveen;
well-known New, Tork critic, seeing
it on exhibition, said it was only a
copy of the Louvre masterpiece and
a poor, copy at that.
Mrs. Hahn sued Duveen for J500,
000 for discrediting her picture and
ruining the sale.
Holmes has given his opinion of
Mrs. Hahn's picture in a personal
interview. '. It is not only a copy, he
said, but it was not an Italian one
at that. As Sir Charles is the man
who decides on. the authenticity of
pictures coming to the NatiaSial gal
lery and Is considered the best au
thority on the. work of Leonardo da
Vinci, his views are of importance in
the controversy. .
To meet the nation's need?
What of the factory, loom and store.
And the mouths that must be fed,
If from the soil there comes no
more
Than the growers want, of bread?
The masses shoulder and crowd and
- - moil
In the cities' ceaseless din,
And doors of the workshops where
- men toil
Are jammed; yet they still come in
From the clean, broad fields, the
orchards wide
And the gardens where life grows,
To fight their way and for needs
provide
Though there's scarce a chance,
God knows.
A blight seems fallen upon th!
land.
While men congest en masse
In the fevered arteries of trade
With hatred class for class:
In countless cellars in walled-in
rooms.
They slave like blinded moles,
While sod lies fallow beneath th
sun . '
With life in its verdant folds.
day if the whistles
The wrath of Ghost mountain- in
Maine, whose ectoplasmlc outlines
were -photographed recently by
H. Allen Lushear of Newark, N
was materialized for the benefit of
summer boarders, Mrs. Pearlfe
Chapin. owner of the haunted house
on the top of the mountain, has
admitted to a correspondent of the
New York Herald. Ther was moe
than ectoplasm to the Newark man's
ghost picture, Mrs. Chapin said, one
of her boarders having played the
part of spook for the-purpose of the
photograph.
A party of eight persons-from the
New Jersey city .paid a nocturnal
visit to the haunted house, which
has a legend preserved through
passing generations of summer
visitors. According to this tale an
unhappy couple once lived there,
and when the woman died her ghost
returned to haunt the husband. The
nightly visitations finally drove the I
What of the
Cease
And the factories make no sound.
And streets run mad with a hungry
horde
Because of the barren ground?
Go back go back to the acres broad
P.rt- th fields themselves prove
i
j - vain
t r ..... ., i ,1,. mai-ta e'er hnck f r
the sod, '
And dig in the earth for gain!
The streets grow nothing but empti
ness No substance they ever gave
But acres granted in God's largesse
Yield all that a man can crave;
A strange cloud looms on the na
' tion's sky.
Forewarning of storms ahead
The fields must give or the whole
world cry
In an anguished voice for bread.
BIRD SOSTG.
When the dew ties deep and the
blushing grey
Of dawn flames into a sunlit day;
When the morning's gold in the
treetops cling.
Then, glad little songbird, you
brinsr to me
In the wltcnery
Your spirit of Joy.
man insane, but the ghost continued of the wonderful strains you sing.
to walk.
ine gain made in eighteen years
:t warfare on tuberculosis is meas
urable. as the report of the Na
tional Tuberculosis association
shows. The death rate from this
cause, which was 200 to 100,000 of
population in 1904. has been re
duced in that period to 100 per
100,000, figures which mean even
more to us when It Is seen that
about 100,000 persons will have
been saved in the present year who
would have died but for the cumu
lative benefits of about two decades
ot researcn ana popular education.
Of these two factors, the latter has
perhaps been the more Important,
Not much has been added to the
sum of human knowledge as to a
cure of the malady but a good deal
has been accomplished by awaken
ing communities to the value of
social action according to the light
we already have. The classic ex
ample of a Massachusetts town in
which the rate has been reduced to
less than 40 per 100,000, which is
jiieuiiiMicru in tuts report, stanas as
p. beacon light to the afflicted al
most. as illuminating as discovery of
. specific itself would be. -
Two G e rm a n professors have
Journeyed to Oregon to study the.
American Indian. Excellent. This
affords a reciprocal opportunity for
the American Indian to study the
German professor.
"Americans lose thirst," says the
headline over a newspaper dis
patch from Paris. They see so
r.iuch of the stuff at home that
the Parisian kind has no novelty.
The Oregon beauty contest is
convincing proof that we should
not squander all our superlatives on
apples and roses. Let us change
the record and celebrate the incom
parable peach.
Looking through the window of
cne office building into the window
of another the observer is con
strained to note that the other fel
low has nothing much to do.
Mr. Lushear -xid his party were
not disappointed. They described
the vision they saw as follows:
'"A cloudy, unsubstantial form, in
shape not unlike the mass that gath
ers on the candlestick as a candle
melts." .
This is not the first time summer
visitors have been entertained with
spirits,' Mrs. Chapin said. Each sum
mer for a number of years "mani
festations" have been staged, but
not always with equal success.
" .',
Uncle Sam's whitewash Is famous
the world over. For many years it
has been used at the White House
in Washington and on the flight
houses maintained by the govern
ment along "the coast. Here is the
government's recipe for making it:
' Take a half bushel of unslaked
lime, slake it with boiling .water
and cover during the process to keep
in steam. Strain the liquid through
a fine sieve or strainer and add to
it a peck of salt, previously dis
solved in warm water; three pounds
of ground rice boiled to a thin paste
andvstirred while hot; half pound of
Spanish whiting and one pound of
glue, previously dissolved by soak
ing with water, and then, hanging
in a small pot in a larger one filled
with water. Add five gallons of hot
water to the mixture, stir well and
let it stand for a few days covered,
Keep the wash thus prepared in a
kettle or portable furnace, and when
used put It on as hot as possible.
Your gift is a treasure, so have a
care;
Thev hunter comes with his cun
ning snare
To capture your melody for gain,
With a prison-cage for your
splendid dreams.
Of love in the glade where the
river gleams.
And your mate will be calling in
vain.
Your songs are of freedom; they
never can dwell
In the narrow space of the gilded
cell
Where you flutter with feeble wing;
They are born in the dawn of a
summer day,
Forever young though the world
grow gray
And sweet as the sun In spring. .
CHARLES O. OLSEN'.-
Aroostook county wants to sever
connections with the state of Maine
and become the seventh New Eng
land state. The idea has taken hold
of the-populace "hard" and the lead
ers of the movement are thoroughly
sincere.
Aroostook is the northeastern part
of Maine and occupies about a third
of the state's area. , Since 1900 the
county has grown more than 30 per
cent in population and 300 per cent
in valuation. It is one of the most
important agricultural sections in
the country and the leading potato
area of the world.
The long distance to the state
capital, Augusta, is one of the argu
ments set forth.
a
Among the closing acts of Lillian
Russell's life was the preparation
of her reminiscences appearing in
the Cosmopolitan. The August in
stallment deals with "Pals, Porce
lains, Pullmans and Pets." Next to
her family, of whom she wrote with
deepest affection, Blanche Bates was
most dear' to her. Her special pets
were Japanese spaniels, while she
could seldom resist buying fine
Chinese porcelain. An old priest of
San Jose offered Miss Russell two
porcelain figures for Jo and was
most grateful when she tlndered
him $20. Much to her surprise,
these porcelains were afterward ap
praised at $1000 each.
a ' a '
Jack and. Mary went to church
with the grown-ups for the first
time. Monday afternoon they were
found in the back yard playhouse,:
sitting side by side and whispering
to each other.
'What in the world are you two
playing?" asked mother.
We're playing church," replied
Jack.
But you shouldn't whisper In
church," protested mother.
Oh," said Mary, "we're the choir."
OUR GETHSEMA1ME.
A garden wherein grasses grew
And trees and flowers swayed,
Wherein the soul was lost in glsom,
In agony of soul he prayed,
' Was Christ's Gethsemane.
The purpose of it all he saw.
To help a race in sin;
And though he prayed. "Let this cup
pass." ' i
Yet, let thy will, oh, God, come in.
Thus Christ's Gethsemane.
All paths of life lead by the way
Where Christ has been before;
And as we travel day by day
We often pass the very,door
Of our Gethsemane.
A baby face and shining eyes
That once belonged to me
Is lost from earthly eyes and sight,
No more her smile to see
That's my Gethsemane. 1
The' purpose of it, can I see?
Tis much too sad, Gethsemane.
But his past life declares to me,
I try indeed so hard to see the good
In our Gethsemane.
HAZEL HUNT ROTHSCHILD.
WOULD ITf
Would the world move a little mite
smoother.
If I tried to be kind to the poor;
If I helped that old mother, that
young wayward brother.
And kept the gaunt wwlf from
their door?
Would the sun shine a little bit
brighter,
If I moved on my way with a
smile;- ?
If I tried to be kind to the helplass
and blind.
Those "has beens" of poverty's
file? . -
Would there be any joy in just
giving.
Would it help would it do any
good
To relieve folks of pain, give them
sunshine for rain?
It's the giving that counts sure
it would.
F. CLAIRE ROCHE.
To read that the hog market is
going down reminds the enraptured
gourmand that presently it will be
time for buckwheat cakes and
Fausage.
Few of us realize how pleasant is
the daily tenor of our ways until we
have spent a half hour with his
ruhilistic nibs, the dentist.
When Governor Miller of New
York makes a speech he takes along
three of his own stenographers, a
typewriter and a mimeographing
machine. The steographers work in
shifts,, so that copies of his speech
made in New York recently were
available nine minutes and ten sec
onds after he had spoken the last
word.
. a . - '
King, Solomon would have made a
first-class paragrapher. Here is a
sample of his output:
"How long, ye simple ones, will
ye love simplicity. And the scorn-
ers delight in tneir scorning ana
fools hate knowledge." '
DKPKXCS OJT THE VIEWPOINT.
A small boy complained of his
doughnut.
Just see,"!said he, "what a hole!
Paid two cents for it too;
It makes me quite blue";
And nothing his mind would console.
The .X other boy answered, quite
cheery,
With philosophy really profound.
"You shouldn t feel blue.
The hole's big, 'tis true.
But it takes - more dough to go
"round."
My friends, here you Have just the
difference
In counting a blessing or woe.
Some see all the. dough
In the doughnut, you know.
Others see just the hole in the
dough.
GRACE PADDOCK EDGERTON.
A RECOMPENSE.
A latent recompense God gives the
blind
A cause for joy and hope
For gratitude of heart;
They see no faces .writ with hate or
spite,
No ghastly forms or sights.
No mangled human's plight,
To mar the beauty of their inner
thought.
To bring distrust or fear.
To shake or blight their faith.
But screened from much of life that
looks like dross, .
Their minds like alchemy.
Transmute the base to gold.
Thus, recompensing light, abides
within ,
Light dwells within their souls
Throughout davlia-ht's pHns
' PEARL GREGORY CARTRIDGE.