8 '
THE SUNDAT OREGOXIAS", PORTLATTD, TUXE 4, 1922
Af-ZI)jf S
V -V 7"C
tWff - ! frequency, that is, a certain number ' ' ; r... ; '- ' . '.. , it- ' --J
'P fiiiyWXs "s I ; !( them pass the receiving aerial in ; M.Mi..;;.4..;.n-, ,. , ,,-,, ... , .. . ... ;. . , . . .... .0 . ... . ... ....... . n...... .... i .".."i
'!y(f?AVi b Period of a second. The exact i f "ymBssasOTwas ? tf$ f ' i'm u1 L
$ 'SQfwl WN" iCWVrt R number is determined by the adjust- i f f I :,: j
5.'''Wp Sf4 "I! V ment of the transmitter. Since these i 1 . " '
' ''?, Sit7fVf? ftjwl g waves travel at a certain speed, they . . M... j ?' j , .
v NNliy K are therefore a certain distance apart, k ( t !.
A wrmmBi V, tr which Is call the wave length. . - ' , S
'A WPW&W Zs These wave strike the receiving IT 'j. " 1 ,
''&A S? fgsj- aerials regularly and evenly, one I t ' - j
WW--J(rW after another. However, if the length j , l ' A "- j
rvWr- Ji ra'll X of te receiving aerial Is such that ils t " ' t 1
zX&Wft&ttzsA l&VAWtmr11 J lt does not mov electrically or vl- 4 ,w V " , , ..
ESS-il its 8-ll' , brate in unison with the frequent ? 1 ' .laiiwiiaMHMMiMri
ZZiZW&ffl SEhI waves that strtke It, it will not re- j "V , ?4 ... i " ' ' - ' - ' I '
? 'wSfvSSwIA ew.if-J' spond to the greatest extent Possible. t I N. " ' I. .. .. ' . . ..
W'Wffl'' 7' In other -words, it is not in harmony, til I ' v " ' llif
l( T CTST what do you mean by
, J 'tuning,'" asks th novice to
" day, regarding this most im
portant function In the science of
transmitting signals through the
"ethe"
.""Tuning," according to a great
radio engineer. Is the process of ad
justment of the receiving apparatus
In- accord with a particular trans
mitting station In order to obtain the
rreatest response from the waves
emitted by the transmitter.
.To tune," declares Webster, "Is to
plo In accord, or In harmony."
When a train of electro-magnetic
wve la sent out Into the "ether,"
from th transmitting station It
spreads ont in every direction, simi
larly aa does a water wave. When
the wave triko a wire elevated
tbov the surface of the earth, they
cause It to move, electrically, Just as
a -water wave causes any object to
move which floats on the surface ol
the water.
The tuning of the receiving aerial
Is for the simple purpose of adjusting
4t mo that It can vibrate electrically as
much, u is possible under the force
OPERATION OF REGENERATIVE
; RADIO RECEIVERS DESCRIBED
Engineer of General Electric Company Tells in Simple Language How
to Operate and Adjust Several Types of Apparatus.
I
N words of one syllable, the opera
tion and adjustment of several
types of regenerative receivers,
is described In an article written by
A. T. Van Dyke, radio engineer of the
General Eleotrie company. The ln
formation given by the radio expert
should be of considerable assistance
to the average radio fan, who, as a
rule, gets neither head nor tall from
the usual advice of radio engineers,
which Is rendered with highly tech
nical language and diagram.
Mr. Van Dyke writes regarding the
regenerative receiver as follows:
"Most seta using vacuum tube de
tectors have a feature added in con
nection with the tuner whloh la valu
able. This feature is called regen
eration and is valuable because lt
adds to the sensitiveness of the set
enormously. It consists usually of a
coil whose electrical relation to the
tuning coll can be adjusted. This
coll is called the tickler coil, or the
intensity ooil, or the regeneration coiL
When this is provided on a receiver lt
gives one mors adjustment to be
made. Consider a single circuit re
ceiver Using vacuum tubs and regen
eratlon. We have three controls, the
wave-length tuning, the regenerative
coll and the filament rheostat.
"The proper method of procedure In
operation Is as follows: Set the fila
ment to as near proper brilliancy as
it Is possible to estimate. On many
tubes this point is easily found the
tiekler eoil being set at zero during
this adjustment by increasing the
brilliancy slowly until a hissing
sound is heard In the telephone, and
then decreasing just enough to stop
th hissing.
'The next step is to vary the wave
length control over Its - range very
slowly, listening carefully for the de
sired signals. When they are heard
adjust ths wave-length oontrol and
the filament control to beat results
and then Increase the regenerative or
tlokler control until signals are best,
possibly slightly readjusting the
wave-length control, which may be
affected .by the change of the tickler.
If the tickler Is Increased too far,
telephone signals will be spoiled,
speech and musio sounding mushy
Instead of being clear.
; Pains Should Be Taken.
Always take pains not to increase
ths tickler too far, because when this
Is dons the vacuum tube oscillates, or
becomes a small generator of high
frequency current and this current
goes out on ths aerial and causes
waves Just Ilk a sending station's,
only not as powerful, and other receiving-
stations within a distance of
one or two miles can hear It sad will
be interfered with by it.
'"Whenever you hear on your set
some whistling sounds which come
and go, varying In pitch, you may
know that some receiving stations
near you are radiating in this way
because their ticklers are turned up
too far. This is an excellent oppor
tunity for practicing the golden rule
remember that whenever your tick
ler is increased too far you are caus
ing to other stations the same Inter
ference whloh they cause you. Every
man on his own tickler guard.
Receiver Is Simple.
"The single-current receiver, with
Its few controls, is quite simple to
operate, and a little experience en
ables one to get results easily. This
tvne'of receiver la sensitive, but Is
not as selective as the two-circuit
type, that la, it is more likely to let
through undeslred signals with the
desired ones, thereby interfering with
ths desired signals. On the other
hand, the two-oiroult receiver, espe
cially if provided with regeneration,
Is mych more diffloult to adjust.
'Ths major controls on a two-clr-cult
receiver are the aerial circuit
called primary tuning, the secondary
circuit tuning, the coupling between
these two, the tickler, and the tube
filament rheostat. In short, there are
five controls to adjust. The most im
portant and most crittical one of these
is the secondary tuning. To pick up
signals, set the coupling at or near
maximum, the dettector filament
brilliancy properly, the primary tun
! oosirol at or near Its lowest value
and the tickler at or near Us lowest
value. Then very slowly vary the
secondary wave-length control from
zero to maximum. If signals are not
heard, change the primary setting
five or ten degrees and vary the sec
ondary througn us range again, inis
should be continued until signals are
heard, lr tney are not nesra, increase
the tickler some and repeat. '
Ticklrr Hay Be Increased.
; "After a signal Is ones located, ad
just all controls to best results, re
numbering that If it is desired to ob
tain selectivity, that is, freedom
from interference, the coupling must
Is decreased toward zero consider
ably. Je"lt in small-steps s-anot to
applied to lt by the wave. The trav
eling waves have a certain definite
frequency, that is, a certain number
j of them pass the receiving aerial in
me period oi a sec.ona. ine exact
number Is determined by the adjust
ment of the transmitter. Since these
waves travel at a certain speed, they
are therefore a certain distance apart,
which is called the wave length.
These waves strike the receiving
aerials regularly and evenly, one
after another. However, If the length
of the receiving aerial Is euch that
it does not move electrically or vi
brate in unison with the frequent
waves that strtke It, it will not re
spond to the greatest extent possible.
In other words, it is not In harmony,
or in tune with the waves.
Therefore, the electrical length of
the receiving aerial must be adjusted
so that lt does suit the frequency of
the waves, and'so vibrate with them
to the extent of their power. That la
tuning the adjustment of the receiv
ing antenna so that lt will swing elec
trically as far as it can according to
the strength of the wave pushes.
In order to provide means for
changing the electrical length of the
antenna, there are placed several de
vices In the receiving set for this pur
pose. One of these is the inductance
coll, which is some wire wound up
into a coil with the turns placed so
that their number can easily be varied
as desired. This' Is the "tuning coil"
of the receiving set. Another device
is the condenser, which consists of
two plates of metal connected in the
circuit, near- each other; but not.
touching each other. If one of them
Is removed, changing its relation or
position In regards to the other, the
circuit length is changed.
Both these devices are used in the
receiving set to cHange the electrical
length of the receiving aerial so that
it will give the strongest response to
the moving wave. These devices
"tune" the whole receiving circuit,
aerial and all, to the transmitted
wave.
lose the signal at any time. The tick,
ler may be Increased to best position,
but not so far as to oscillate the
tube, since this spoils the signals and
causes the same trouble to other re
ceiving stations that it does on the
single-ciroult receiver as mentioned
above. The decrease In coupling will
decrease the strength of the desired
signals, too, but not as much as the
undeslred ones."
Experts Trying to Solve In
terference Problem.
Experiments Are Conducted at the
Bureau of Standards.
EXPERIMENTS along directing of
the radio waves in order to solve
the interference problems are now
being conducted by the radio experts
at the bureau of standards at Wash
ington, T. C. The problem of inter
ference has confronted the radio ex
perts ever since the Infancy of radio
',. - . nh, .i.t.- v.
r-'.,..,: v.7," '
little headway has ever been made
to solve this problem.
Word that a Ukranian engineer has
been able to split up a wave Into
component "rays," direct them toward
a certain point, there to reassemble
them again, has paved the way for
further work In the directing of radio
impulses.
At the present time radio waves
may be compared to spheres of mac--
uoiiu torce wnicn expand In con-
centric globes from the starting point
ana travel until dissipated. This
causes the "over-lap" of transmitting
stations, which have to hold back
and wait for each other when operat
ing on me same wave length.
It is also the cause of Serrfttarv
of Commerce Herbert Hoover's worry
about the suitable allocation of op
erating wave bands.
With only about 20.000 different
wave lengths available at the pres
ent time, and these badly congested
TWENTY-TWO YEAR OLD PRESIDENT OF NEW YORK RADIO CORPORATION PLANS RECEIVING
SET THAT WILL
JOSE1PR D. R. FREED, THK FORD
LOWER
"The Ford of the Radio." is what
Freed-Elsemann Radio corporation of
radio improvements now used in the
will nerfsct th present apparatus.
Hs Is now working on an idea to
raoius-anqroii. uor muca xeas i-ur
ill ; r v: , " k H
III J , vr. .1-
ill . : Ttf -V ? X
m j Iff tv-, riC.i
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rll f li ' '-'w8 r K " j
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t r iiij.asteMa- ' ""rTI ' "" g)aniiri..-iii,-i,'iiiiiiii-iii-ii:fe:j;
'' r-iiliri-'nrlinr'iTii-iiTHntmi imi -aiii-tfili-iTli-iiririSn iiii-rn iiiMT-riwiiisi-irilei-iiHiiii-F-n-TBT-iff---lrri.Mr--tilTili-ii Vlllfi ni-irin n n imim -,.-...vj..CTa
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H. P. 0'REll.LY. WHO RECORDED
i . (
Ten milat ttt arte.!, wirn iraun.it on a.
1 By means of a. tftleirranhone the
by runn.'jig these wires through a
this age. This device is so acourate
reproduced, ,
through Increases .In radiophone
broadoasting work, radio engineers
are seeking some solution of the dif
ficulty. In the "reflected wave" there
seems to be an answer to the problem
which they have set out to solve.
Radio waves can be reflected, de
flected, refracted and polarized, the
same as light waves. Scientists now
believe it is possible to reflect tf ese
waves as the beam of a searchlight
Is reflected, and direct the waves to
ward one point to the exclusion ft
all father points. This would make
for secrecy, lower power cost and
freedom from interference. -
Radio In Its relation to newspapers
was discussed) with a demonstration
at the umunl convention of th In- j
ternational Editorial Association,
Inc., which met at Chicago Saturday,
May 20. The delegates sat at a ban
quet table during the meeting end
listened to an address delivered from
a radio broadcasting station. The
radio set at the -banquet included
voice amplifiers which brought the
distant voice in quite, strong. Mem
bers unable to go to Chicago t at"
tend the meeting listened in at vari
ous parts of the country- when the
address was delivered.
-
The Calgary Herald Publishing -company
of Calgary, Canada, was
equipped with a 10-watt radiophone
broadcasting station all ths units of
which were assembled by the Stubbs
Sleotrio company of Portland and in
stalled by Wilbur Jermane, five days
after it was purobased. Two 70-foot
masts were placed on the ' roof of
the Herald building and a four-wire
antenna stretched between the masts.
A very fine programme waf broad
cast when the station was ready for
operation and well received by hun
dreds of receiving sets within a
radius of 200 miles.
.
Twelve men on the steamer "Game
Cock," a Willamette river tug, have
taken up radio as a means of whlling
away ths watches of the night They
made up a purse among themselves to
buy the various parts and constructed
their own audion set. F. W. Smith,
chief engineer, was allotted the task
of making the receiving set and fin
ished his job at 7:25 o'clock on Mon
day night last week. At 7:30 he tuned
In on The Oregonlan broadcasting set
and heard the con-cert given by the
Telephone male quartet and an hour
later also heard the dance programme
broadcast by tb.e Hawley station. Now
the sailors stay on board ship af
night instead of going ashore,
SELL FOR LESS THAN ANY NO
OF RADIO WORKISfQ OVT AN IDEA
PH1C1S THU A Y RUW IS K. A i
radio experts call Joseph D. R. FTeed. the i-yea-r-old president of th
New York., This "boy wisard" of the
United States navy and is always busy
construct a set that will receive radio
-nu usw oapo nmwrwm
THE PRESIDENTS ADDRESS, TTPING A REPRODUCTION FROM TUB
NEWLY INVENTED TELEGRAPHONE. .. ,
snool will carrv President Bjardinic's inautrural address to posterity.
6Deoh was recorded, as -other future
reproducing machine the full speech may
that the sound oi tn Human Dream
- .
RADIO RECEIVERS ARE EASY
FOR AMATEURS TO INSTALL
Antenna for Reception of Concerts May Be Made of Either Bare or
Insulated Wire Copper Is Best.
THE VERT first thing ths new
radio fan asks of the dealer who
has JuBt sold him a radio receiv
er Is, "What kind of an aerial must
I put up In order to get the best
results." There Is a little bit of a
fear deep down In his heart before
he buys ths set. that he will be re
quired to put up tall -masts and
stretch a network of wires high
above his house in every direction
for ths interception of the radio
waves.
As a matter of fact, .'it Is a very
simple matter to put up a wire te
hear concert music. All lt takes is
ons wire. Any mors than one wire
is a waste of time, money and ma
terial. Furthermore, no complicated
overhead construction is required,' no
spreaders, no huge poles nothing of
the sort.
An antenna for the reception of
radiophone ooncert stuff may be
made of either bare wire or insulated
wire. Ordinary black "electrio light"
wire will do nicely and save a lot
of worry. Bare copper wire is Just
as easy to string, is considerably 1
.lighter in weight and puts less strain
on both house and insulator.
Copper Wire Preferable.
' As between copper, aluminum, gal-'
vanized iron and other wire, copper
hard-drawn copper is preferable.
Aluminum, while very light, is brit
tle and comes down in a high wind
much sooner than nearly any other
kind of wire. Phosphor bronze is
by. far the best, being strong and cap
able of long spans, without danger
of breaking. This wire is very ex
pensive, however, and the ordinary
radio fan does not care to purchase
it. ' . '
No huge insulators are required
to string an antenna. In dry weath
er no Insulation whatever is need
ed. But on account of ,fogs,' damp
ness and rains, lt Is preferable to
hang the wire between two insula
tors. The antenna should at all times
be kept away from metal objects.
W ON MARKET.
OF A RADIO SWT TO BR SOLD FOR
!!.. UJS.
wireless telephone has Invented many
trying to find something new which
concerts and messages for a fairly long
li inn. . .
speeches .nd programmes will be, ahd
be heard by people not yet born. in.
or a neart oeat can do accuraiou
, ' "'
such as tin roofs, gutter pipes and
the like.
In erecting antenna, try to get
straight wire, at least 100 feet long
if , possible. If not mors than 76
feet can be srected, it will work,
but not as well as 1-00 feet. If you
can get up 125 feet still better re
suits will be achieved, but this length
in a crowded city Is difficult. The
wire does not have to be fastened
to a pole but may be attached to
screw eye screwed into the side of
a distant house, a ridgepole or any
convenient point.
Clear Wire Is Needed.
The main thing to remember Is to
have the wire clear of obstruction
between the distant anchorage point
and your own house. Ths direction
that tt points Is of little consequence,
although signals' come In slightly
louder In the direction toward which
the '"lead-in" end of the aerial points.
Do not break your antenna wire
and then fasten another .wire to it
for a lead. Make it all one wire
from the far end to the instrument.
Any break in ths wire, unless sol
dered, tends to corrode and this cuts
down signal strength after a bit. In
height, the answer Is: Get your wire
up as high as you can, but do not
worry if lt Is not up over two stories.
as this Is high enough for the con
cert work around Portland.
For a ground connection, clean a
water pipe or a gas pips for a dis
tance of two inches with a file or
sandpaper and then bind ths ground
wire from your Instrument over lt
tightly, and fasten. Special Water
plpeclamps are sold in every electri
cal store, which (ire a much better
way of making this connection. But,
even when using the clamp, clean
the pipe, and wrap with tinfoil first
This insures a good contact with the
pipe. When the connection is made.
tape the whole wrapping over ana
over with adhesive tape, rather than
electrician's tape, to prevent corro
sion. . . .
Signal Corps Net Declared
Business Safeguard.
Commercial Messages Could Be
Taken Over by Army In ESmer
sreney. THE. completion of a radio net cov
ering the country, which ths
army signal corps has nearly finished,
Is regarded as a great safeguard to
business, for the radio telephone and
telegraph system of the army could
take over all commercial messases.
In case of a breakdown of the wire
communications. The value of the
radio net as a military measure is
obvious, for it links each of the nine
corps areas of the country to th
other and nearly all directly to the
war department at Washington.
The signal corps radio net normally
handles onjy war department buf
ness, and Its use Instead of telegraph
by wire has already saved the depart
ment 18300 in two months. The sav
ing for the year is expected t tpi
$18,000, which would have otherwise
been spent for telegrams at aommA.
cial rates.
AG-!, the Preesidlo station. Is in
touch with Fort Douglas, at Salt Lake
City, and will soon establish contact
with Fort -D. a: Russell, at Chev-
enne, Wyo. Through these stations
th Presidio will be in oomnunlu.
tion with the signal corps set at Chi
cago ana won Benjamin Harrison,
Ind.. which' in turn are already In
direct comunication with Washing
ton. '
Not the least Interesting outgrowth
of radio telegraphy Is the application
of its principles to communication
along wires. It has been found en
tirely feasible to associate a radio
transmitter wua a wire system run
ning from one point to another (even
though the wires be used for power
transmission) and to send along the
wire a series of radio-frequency cur
rent waves which may be detected at
the distant end by means of a simple
radio receiver.' Such "wired .wire
less" as th arrangement is called,
permit, considerable economy in op
eration. It is claimed for this system
that fairly clear telephone communi
cation is possible even within light
ning storms over tne main line and
with all but one of the power wires
cut or grounded.
Within ths past year, and even in
the past few months, a number of
steps which mark notable progress in
radio have been made, according to a
report of the Electrical Apparatus
committee of the National Electrical
association presented at a conven
tion held In Atlantic City a short time
ago. "Botn transmitters and receav
ers have been improved in effective
ness, economy, reliability, and conve
nience of operation. In radio tele
pthony substantial improvements have
been made in clarity of speech trans
mission, so that the radio gives a
definiteness of -articulation far sur
passing the wire telephone. Loud
speaking apparatus has been devel
oped to the point where purity of re
production Js not sacrificed to gain.
sutncient intensity, it Is now pos
sible to get reliable radio servics of
enaracter never before even ap
proximated."
.
An electrio -nower conw.p In main
land, Ohio, published in an advertise
ment some very good advice regard
ing tne erection of an aerial In due
regard to the life and re hazard at
tending it Included in ths ad is ths
following advice: "Never pick up a
wire lying on the ground or dangling
from a pole. The wire might be
alive and charged -with electricity to I
a dangerous degree. Never climb a
pole to which- wires are attached.
They might be in contact with high
voltage -wires and consequently are
aangerous. wever string wireless
aerials over or under any other wires.
Enoulo: toes two sets of wires com
In contact with each other the aerials
may " become dangerously charged.
Always attach aerials to substantial
supports, so located that If either the
support or aerial wire breaks it can
not corns In contact -with other wires.
-
Ths terms "hard" and "soft.'' used
to describe certain kinds of audion
tubes, are not often clearly defined
so that many radio operators may not
know exactly what is meant when
they are used. A "hard" tubs Is in
reality a vaccuum tube, that Is, one
from which a greater part of the air
has been exhausted and the air with
in it greatly rarefied. These are
known to the trade as amplifying
tubes and require at least 45 volts in
the B circuit for their best operation.
"Soft" tubes are not exactly vac
cuum tubes, but contain some gas and
operate on a B circuit of IS to 24
volts. They are In trade terms known
as detector tubes, because they are
more receptive to ths faint radio sig
nals.. In general, there are two kinds of
radio interfering noises. Th ones
that can be avoided and the ones that
can't. In the second class are all the
natural sounds that result from elec
trlcal disturbances in the ether
through which all the radio waves
travel. It must be remembered that
tnese waves follow the same laws
and behave in exactly th same man
ner as the waves created to order by
the man-made machinery. The first
class of noises is the result of faulty
Wiring, or in many cases imperfect or
improperly-constructed batteries.
Wires must -be tightly connected if
best results are desired. It is for this
reason that so many who -build radio
sets take special care to solder all
Joints even though binding posts pro
vide a seemingly tight grip on the
wires.
The wonders and enjoyment of
'listening-in" to the radio signals
may be brought -to the Esquimo by
Captain Amundsen, discoverer of the
South Pole, who sailed from Seattle
June first, on the good ship "Maude,
which has been equipped with a high
power radiophone set, bound for the
frozen north. W'hile it la not ex
peoted to get any of the regularly
broadcast programmes while in the
extreme north, Captain- Amundsen
expects to be able to comanicate with
the nearest point which will prob
ably be Nome, Alaska. It is also
pi-obable that lie may "broadcast
specimens of Esquimaux music which
may be picked up by those within a
1000-mile radius, in addition Cap
tain Amundsen expects to keep in
touch . with Washington, D. C., four
times a day. .
Many complaints have been re
ceived of the hum experienced in
wireless sets when listening to a con
oert by persons living on streets
where the heavy feeder cables of the
street railway systems abound.
Stations situated near high tension
wires will hear a strong induction.
On direct current lines the ripple of
the comutator will be clearly audible.
The problem of getting away from
this so that it will cease to be an
element in radio reception Is one that
bothers many radio students.
Perhaps the simplest way of avoid
ing this, difficulty is to hang the an
tenna at right angles to the offending
wires. For instance, If the trouble
cables pass down the street on which
you are living, run your aerial from
front to back at right angles to the
cables. This will reduce much of the
trouble.
It will be found that, as a general
thing, interference in radio circuits
Is caused by power wires only when
they run parallel to the aerial.
Motor Fuel Made From Weeds.
Scientific American.
Professor Mailhe Toulouse believes
that thousands of common weeds can
be made to yield petrol containing
large percentages of benzine and
toluene. His process also produces a
gas said to have developed 20,0.00 heat
calories, which alone would pay for
the necessary plant installation.
MANY VALUABLE EXPERIMENTS
PERFORMED BY SHIP RADIOS
Signals Are Picked Up From Great Distances Now and Then When
Operators Strike Some New Idea of Connecting Up Different Units.
COMMERCIAL radio operators, es
pecially those who are In charge
of the radio apparatus on an
ocean-going vessel where time often
hangs heavily on their hands, do a
great deal of experimenting along
the various- circuits and hook-ups,
in use today for reception of radio
messages, both telegraph and tele
phone. .
Now and then they strike some new
idea of connecting up ths different
units, which seems to do extraordi
narily good work and brings Into the
ship radio room, signals from record
breaking distances. Some of these
ideas are quite simple and can be
easily understood by the greenest
novic that ever tuned in a radio set
for a broadcast. -
David P. Gibbons, radio Cperator f
th Admiral Farragut, which plys be
tween Portland and San Francisco,
discovered in this manner a very ef
ficient regenerative, hook-up, simple
in Us adjustment and operation, which
he declares, picks up both telegraph
and telephone signals better than any
hook-up he ever used before.
Any radio fan who uses a vacuum
tube detector and owns a variable
condenser of .0005 mcf capacity, can
easily connect up this set with his
hook-up and get wonderful reception
of the radio music Gibbons' hook-up
is presented above. A fixed inductance
is used, of about 35 or 40 turns. An
i-35 honeycomb coll will do very
nicely, or a home made coil of about
40 turns of No. 22 cotton covered mag
net wire wound on a cardboard tube
3 Inches In diameter and about 8
inches long can be used and as good
results be had.
The fixed condenser Is of -the ordi
nary grid type and can be purchased
in any of the radio shops for 86 cents.
Connect up -the set as In. the hook-up
PIONEER RADIO EXPERT IS HEAD OP THE RADIO DIVISION
OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.
i n s "":""'i
- X .
K ' if l
Kf - I ' i 1$
. v b
COMMANDER STANFORD C. HOOPER,
wav y, ix ens owi omen
One of the pioneer radio experts In
ford C. Hooper, head of the radio division of the navy department. Cany -mander
Hooper is a real authority on radio communication and ha dorna
a great deal In ths development of both radio telegraphy and tolaphonyta '
his department.
RADIO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
IMItnr Rutin Nsira: lit the leiurUl cf the I
erlal more important tnan tne neigm j (
For example: Would It be better to raise
aerial live test or lengwen it uva
feat?
2. My aerial Is running parallel to some
blfhjpower telephone lines. In the day
time I receive no statio at all, but at
right It interrupts the broadcasting-. If I
ran the aerial tha other way would that
help any? If so, very mnc&T
B. Is induction static t
4. Do crystals wear out? If so, what
by? Does handling a crystal weaken Itl
How long will one last 7
s. is, tu, rorusso, w.
l; Both length and height are
important In the erection of a good
antenna. However, raising It live
feet higher will m-aks a bigger dif
ference than lengthening it five feet.
Put your aerial as high up In the air
as you can, and stretch it out at least
150 feet, and you will have as good an
aerial as you need for the radiophone
reception. '
2. Run ths a vial at right angles to
the telephone wires and you will cut
down the Interference to a minimum.
S. Static is the discharging oi at
mospheric electricity, while Induc
tion is caused by th electro-mag-ntin
field set uo by an alternating or
interrupted electric current flowing
conductor somewhere near the
antenna wires.
4 Ye, crystals wear out by con
tlnual use. Handling a crystal will
lt to lose Its sensitiveness after
a while, as the grease from the hands
forms a film wnicn tne wean osuu
lutinns cannot penetrate. . The crys
tals should be covered with a glass
cup to keep dust from settling upon
it. surface. If a crystal is well taken
care of it may last for as long as a
year. - -
Editor Radio News: Will yon please
answer the following questions in your
radio column on th reg-enerativo receiver
described In The Orssonian, month or so
ago ? .
1. What would be the length of the
aerial and how many wires should be used
at the height of 45 feet?
2. Could two stages of amplification be
added without changing the ooil?
1. Gould a loud speaker be used with
thl sset? RADIO BUG, I Center, Wash.
1. One bare wire, No. 14, about 150 1
feet long, will make a good aerial j
with this set-
2. Tes. Connect th amplifying
transformer primary to the telephone
binding posts of the regenerative of
receiver. The telephone receivers are
connected in the plate circuit of the
second-stage amplifier tube.
8. If the two-stag amplifier Is
added to the regenerative receiver,
the loud speaker can be used.
Editor Radio News: Please answer the
following questions:
1. Would a single receiver neaa ione oi
1000-ohm resistance be all right for the
small trystal set described In your pace?
2. Is a Galena crystal better than sill
oon for this set? A FAN,
The Dalles, Or.
1. Ths single phone will do, al
though two receivers are better to
keep, outside noises from Interfering
withHhe reception.
2. Galena is the most sensitive
crystal for practical radiophone re
ception. f
Editor Radio News: Will you please ex
plain fully how to operate a set consist
ing of three honeycomb colls used as pri
mary, secondary and tickler, two variable
condensers, and a vacuum tube detector?
Would a set of this kind receive music
Mir
Hook-up for simple regenerative re
ceiver recommended by ship radio
operator. t
shown above., Th tuning Is done by
the condenser alono and is very selec
tive in its notion. At certain points
on the condenser, when you vary it'
capacity, the tube will begin to oscil
late. It will take a little time to get
the correct position where the signals
coma In loudest, but a little patience
on the part of the operator will finally1
get results.
Long wave, high power, radio tele
graph stations from the Atlantic coast
are easily brought In with this set,
according to the operator of the Far
ragut, by using an inductance of about
1200 turns in - connection with a,
larger variable condenser at least OI
AVL met capacity. - -
TY
tit
HEAD OF RADIO DIVmOlT om-vhm
is the navy d epartmett.
-the United states la ComansdetpCnaaD'
from A station SO mllaa
provided
wv&tner conditions are geod-T
I B. , Buckley, Wash.
Th operation of a honeycomb coll
regenerative receiver was fully de
scribed in last Sunday's radio sec
tion of The Oregonian. Writ to our
circulation department for a copy of
tne May zg issue. If correctly adjust
ed this type of receiver will copy
broadcasting stations during favor
able conditions from as far as 1000
miles away.
Editor Radio News: 1. What ia bast as
to dimensions and slsa of wire for a load
ing inductance on a varlo-ooupler?
2. What capacity variable condenser
would be best for the vacuum tube detector
using variometers and a vario-coupler? Is
.0009 met 2S plate all right?
8. Do porcelain and hard rubber stor
age battery parts radio currents for an
aerial lead-in?
4. Could No. 82 enameled wire be Used
in place of double cotton-covered for the
secondary of a half-Inch induction coil?
5. - Please explain the difference be
tween the wave-length and the distance
j ou . may receive ?
6. What size -wire is there on an old
Pord coil secondary? It Is cotton-covered
and is wound on a wooden core in separate
rings? AN INTERESTED READER,
Woodburn, Or.
1. The loading inductance will de
pend on what wave-lengths you de
sire to receive. A good loading coll
can be made by winding 150 turns ol
No. !!d.tc. wire on a paper tube
four inches in diameter and about six
inches long. Tap every 15 turns and
lead taps to- a multiple switch. With
this coil you will be able to tune as
high as 2000 meters.
2. For short waves ths .0005 will
do very well. If you want to receive
higher wave lengths get a .001 vari
able condenser. -
; 8. Porcelain is an excellent Insu
lator; but do not advise using hard
rubber from a used storage - battery,
as lt Is usually soaked with acid and
is not a good insulator.
. 4. Yes.
6. The wave length of any wave '
emitted by a transmitting station has '
nothing to do with th distance that
the wave may travel. A wave of any
length may travel 10 or 1000 miles
and can be picked up by the receiv
ing station within its range if th
receiving set Is tuned to th same '
length.
7. The spark coils are usually
wound with No. 84 or 36 magnet wire,
either cotton or enameled- covered.
Editor Radio News: Please answer the
following In the next Sunday's radio, news:
1. I have a two-slide tuning coll, a Oa
iena detector, a fixed oondenser, a pair et
2000-ohm tones, and a one-wire serial 73
feet long and 48 feet high. How far can .
I hear with this set? 1 am elsht miles .
from Albany. Can I hear anyone there?
2. I live In a corner with telephone wires
running east and one line branching off
south. Which would be the beat war to
run my aerial wires? I live about a halt
mill from the car line. Would I be apt
ro get any Interference from it?
8. How far would I be able to hear with
a three-bulb set, a pair of 2000-ohm tones
end a two-wire aerial 70 feet long and 60 '
feet high?
4. Can I use a drain pips for a ground?
Will batteries Increase my receiving ,
radius?
DAKIBI BATNB, Albany, Or.
1. With a crystal set the receiving
rang is limited to short distanoss
posBibly up to 25 miles.
2. Run the aerial wires In a diago
nal direction so that they are not
parallel to any of th nearby tele
phone wires. If the aerial is not run
ning parallel to th carlln wire, you
won't be bothered with any lnduotion
interference from it.
8. With a vacuum detector and
two-step . amplifier and favorable
conditions you will b abl to receive
up to 1000 miles.
1. A drain pipe, unless it Is metal.
Is a very poor grounds Use a cold
water pipe or run a ga pip down
An Intn SL wall. With CrVStal St
batteries cannot be used, but when :
using the vacuum tubes, a six - volt
storage battery la necessary, besides
a B battery of voltage from 22 to
100.
Editor Radio News: Would tickler eoll
wound on a ground rotor ball 8 inches in :
diameter, permitting tickler to come closer
to the primary, get better results on the
short-wave regenative set described In The
Oregonian than the use of the 2-inch lube
as described in the article?
2. I cannot mount a short-wave regen
erative set in the cabinet on account the
grid will not work when within 8 inches of
sny object. How can this be overcome?
8. Would a variometer made as de
scribed In Sunday Orgeonian several weeks
ago be of any benefit in the ehort-wave
generative set. If so, where should it be
connected?
D. R. L., McMinnvllle, Or.
1. The use of the rotor ball will
be better than the tube. Use No. 23
and wind as much as you an on th
ball.
2. If you keep the wires of the dif
ferent units of th set as far away
from each other and avoid running
them parallel to each other, the ef
fect you mention will not be noticeable-.
3. With the regenerative receiver
described In The Oregonian, a vario
meter is not necessary. It can be
used. If desired, as a loading coll for
tuning in longer wave lengths by
placing one or two in' series in the
aerial and detector circuits.
Editor Radio News: 1. Would an aerial
o? moderate size, running at right angles
to high-power lines and a few feet above
r.nd soma 20 or 80 feet away be bothered
2. If so, what would be the remedy?
' 8. In operating a magnavox loud-
good results to use high-voltage B bat
teries? 4. What thickness should lead and alu.
(Concluded en Page