6
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN", PORTLAND, MAY 21,- 1922
7P,.1)n Mil v-.s- lzm
(Continued From Last Sunday).
AFTER having explained the erec
tion of an outside aerial with
due regard to the flr and life
hazards .as might occur from light
ning or from accidental contact with
light and power lines; I W. Going,
chief electrical inspector of the- city
of Portland, emphasizes the necessity
of protective devices in a radio In
stallation as follows:
"Lead-In wires should be of copper
or other approved metal which .will
not corrode excessively and in no
case should they be smaller than No.
14 B & S gauge, except that approved
copper-clad steel wire not less than
No. 17 B & S gauge may' be used.
Lead-in wires on the outside of build
ings should not come nearer than four
inches to electric light and power
wires unless effectively lnauls'sd
therefrom by continuous and firmly
fixed non-conductor that will main
tain permanent separation. The non
conductor must be in addition to any
insulation on the wire.
"Lead-in wires should enter build
ing through a non-combustible, non
absorptive Insulating bushing. This
provision is chiefly to protect the
wiring against the possibility of short
circuiting with electric light or power
wires which may run in the wall and
whose location Is unknown to the
persons installing the radio equ'p
ment. This requirement serves also
to protect the antenna lead-in wire
against contact with metal lath or
other metal parts of the building.
Furthermore, from a signaling stand
point, it is desirable to insulate ef
fectively all parts of receiving an
tennas in order that wet weather may
not cause the antenna to become
partly short circuited or grounded,
which would result in weakening the
received signals. '
"In order that lightning discharges
or less violent discharges caused by
Induction or by atmospheric electric
ity may be carried safely to the
ground with a minimum of damage
to the receiving apparatus, building
or operator, it is desirable that lead
in wires be protected with an ap
proved protective device properly
connected and located, preferably out
side the building as near as practi
cable to the point where- the wire
enters the building. The protective
device should be suitably protected
from the weather when installed in
exposed locations. The antenna ter
minal of a receiving set should be
connected to the point of Junction of
the lead-In wire with the arrester.
"The protective device must be an
approved lightning arrester which
will operate at a potential of 600
Tolts or less. Protective devices of
Tellable manufacture are approved by
the underwriter's laboratories and
can be depended upon to operate at
the reauired voltage. Cheaply con
tructed home-made arresters should
not be used, since they may easily get
out of order and fall to operate at the
low voltage which is desirable.
"While an arrester connected be
tween the antenna and ground will
probably afford sufficient protection,
it is somewhat safer to Install a
witch which will, in its closed posi
tion, form a shunt around the pro
tector device. This ground switch can
be used to ground directly the aerial
when the apparatus Is not In use and
especially during thunder storms.
"The ground wire for the protective
device should In no way be confused
with the ground wire attached to the
receiving instrument. This ground
wire may be bare or insulated and
should be of copper but less than No.
14 B & S gauge. The ground wire
should be carried outside the building
in as straight a line as possible to a
good and permanent ground. In run
nine this ground wire It is well to
bear In mind that It is more Impor
tant to provide a satisfactory contact
at the ground itself than to avoid a
few bends In the ground wire, al
though, of course, the number of
bends snouia se rwua iu
mum.
"In case a satisfactory ground can
not be obtained outside the building,
the protective ground wire may be
brought into the basement or cellar
and connected in an approved manner
(by use of an approved ground clamp)
to the nearest available water pipe.
Gas piping must not be used for
grounding protective devices. Other
Sradio
H Complete receiving and trans-
mitting sets installed very rea-
sonably. Guaranteed.
Maintenance Service and
Repair Work.
Oregon Radio Co.
649 East 26th St.
Tel. Sellwood 3416 or Tabor 1764
Hopewell
.,,r n ,t
points the way to
Better Radio
Insulation
Ask your dealer to show you
Hopewell.
Antenna Insulators Lead-in .In
sulators -Supporting- Insulators.
-HALOWAT-RADIO
APPARATUS
OF QUALITY
Deliveries Are
Gradually Improving
HALLOCK & WATSON
RADIO SERVICE
122 Park Street Portland, Or.
permissible grounds are grounded
steel frames of buildings or the
grounded metal work in the building
and artificial grounds, such as driven
pipes, plates, cones, etc. Where the
ground wire Is brought into the build
ing, it should be protected by an ap
proved bushing, for the same reasons
as the antenna lead-in wire before
mentioned.
"The ground wire should be pro
tected against mechanical injury. If
exposed at all to mechanical Injury, it
should be not smaller than No. 10
B & S gauge. Ground wire should not
be run through Iron pipe or conduit
because of the choking effect at radio
and lightning frequencies.
"The ground wire attached to a
receiving set may be bare or Insu
lated except that where It Is neces
sary to pass through a wall, the
ground wire should be Insulated from
possible contact with light or power
wires by an approved bushing. The
size and kind of ground wire used
should be the same as before men
tioned for the lead-in wire. The re
ceiving equipment ground wire may
be run inside or outside the building.
When it is run In full compliance
with the rules for protecting ground
wire it may be used as the ground
wire for the protective device.
"An ordinance embodying regula
tions similar to the foregolngis now
in the course of preparation and will
become effective upon passage by the
city council. The ordinance will re
quire that a permit be secured for
all receiving stations except those
using an indoor antenna. A permit
also is required for sending stations.
The rules in connection with sending
stations are much more stringent.
Further information in connection
with wiring installations may be ob
tained from the electrical division,
room 412, city hall."
Radio Notes.
RADIO has been the means of great
ly improving the service of the
United States lighthouse service. Many
of the seagoing tenders have been
equipped with radio installations
which enable the crews to keep In
touch with the Bhore as well as- re
ceive valuable instructions in their
calling and also much-needed enter
tainment. Isolated Lighthouses in Alas
kan waters have also been equipped
with radio telephone sets through the
co-operation of the navy. Many of
the lighthouses along both coasts
have been made Into radio or signal
stations and aid ships at -sea in de
termining their positions, which la
a service of inestimable value to the
skippers during heavy weather.
The use of a condenser instead of
an antenna for the transmission and
reception of radio signals is being in
vestigated by the United States bu
reau of standards at Washington.
D. C. Taking advantage of the fact
that the ordinary aerial corresponds
to one plate of . condenser and the
ground to the other, a pair of large
metal plates were substituted in an
experiment and signals received very
well from many miles away. The
use of this condenser instead of the
usual aerial and ground proved that
it was freer from static disturbances,
This should prove of value to those
wishing to make portable sets to be
carried around when traveling.
Radio receiving apparatus Is being
installed at the Poison railroad camp
northeast of Hoquiam. Wash., with
a view of ascertaining whether the
concert programmes broadcast from
the coast cities can be heard there
with any degree of success, according
to Robert Poison, manager of the
lumber company. The suggestion was
made by E. B. Fish, director of the
loggers' and lumbermen's welfare
bureau, at a recent meeting at the
camp. If it proves feasible other
camps of the company will install
sets. Harbor radio fans to date have
been unable to receive from distant
stations. Experts have visited "the
half dozen receiving sets at Hoquiam
but have been unable to make the
apparatus. The code messages from
ships at sea come in quite strong, but
music has been heard infrequently
and then indistinctly.
RADIO PHONOGRAPH
PORTLAND INVENTION
The Sincoe radio phonograph .is now being used with wonderful
success by The Oregonian broadcasting station.
dr. f. 0. ErbM.
481S TZnd Street t.r-
Portland, Oregon.
i
bu Stri
ve, the under igaed, sho ere oortneoted sits
the Xadls wireleu here la Portland end elamhere,
bass bad opportunity to give our nee Syaooe Aeeiilltla,
Phonographlo Radio Tone aegelettng Modulator and Modify-
Ing Aapllflor a eerere teat,, and have found IV au to
expectation, of-ours. The entire elimination of
the eoratoh and surface note la eepeolelly ooauenda-
ele. The rlob full, natural tone that th la inatruraent
poaaeeaea, together with Its ability to utthatand any
and all foroed tonal eeergenolea, free from dlvtortlon
and hi art awaealt an lnatnuwnl highly dulrable In the
ending and reoelvlng of Beaaagoa, oral, ttoo1 or oualcal.
The ertrene ssnslllvsssas sake lta uae eacwlally
adaptable for the radio elnleaa, and e highly reooonend
your invention aa the Inetruaent that U1 fill a mack
needed want. The entire abaenee of megaphone effeote
and the atirraoe noiaea that are to be found in ail differ,
nt oalcaa of phonographa aefcee the uae of your apealally
eonstruotir lnatruaiant imperative, and oompulsory if
good reaulte are te be had for human ear 'consumption.
' " j
wialilng yea awoeeae, and hoping that you an
make them feet enough te XI 11 the eider, that ere eomlai
tyl
Xwwrw-jreep
Kf
These machines may be procured for the next 30 days from the
inventor, W. O. Erbes, 4813 Seventy-second street S. E. Phone
620-86. After this time the phonograph will be sold by a corpora
tion on a royalty basis.
This machine can be used as an auxiliary to the magnavox in
broadcasting or for transmitting. '
Tuning uoiia. single slide, 83.60. Double slide, S4.0O.
Lectro Crystal Detector Most sensitive and efficient crystal detector
ever offered. So simple a blind man can operate it. S2.00 each.
Complete stock of radio equipment.
Mall orders promptly filled. ,
LECTRO MFG. & SALES COMPANY
331 Oak Street, Portland, Oregon
Manufacturer! and Jobbers Radio Supplies,.'
GREATEST VALUE OF AUDION
IS ABILITY FOR AMPLIFYING
Vacuum Tube Increases Distance of Radio Communication; Large
Quantities of Energy Released From Local Batteries.
g j.ItliliN
j f l T Lh J
HOOK-UP FOR TWO-STAGE AUDIO
ADDED TO REGENERATIVE RECEIVER.
HILE the vacuum tuba, or
"audion," as it is commonly
called, has proved to be the
most sensitive detector or rectifier of
radio oscillation known today, its
greatest value In radio communica
tion is Its amplifying abilities. Before
the audion lamp was developed thed's
tances over which radio communica
tion could be maintained were .quite
small. In . fact. It was necessary to
shoot tremendous volumes of electri
cal power into the ether in order to
carry the oscillations a few hundreds
of miles. Today, with the use of
audions, the initial energy can be
very small as It merely acts as a
"trigger" of the audion. or as a re
lay which releases large quantities of
energy from local batteries. '
The audion amplifies the initial
energy in this manner: The small
currents which It is desired to am
plify are led to the grid and filament
or "input" connections of the audion.
These currents produce changes of
potential on the grid with respeot to
the filament. These variations in turn
produce variations in the plate cur
rent or output current of the audion.
Under the proper conditions very
small currents in the gxid filament
circuit thus are made to cause large
currents to flow In the output circuit
If the amplification by one audion
is not euffllcent to bring in distant
broadcasts loud enough, the output of
the audion -amplifier may be con
nected to the input of a second audion
and the saime action be repeated as
in the finst, with even larger amounts
of current released from the output
of the second audion. Thus the initial
current has been amplified twice, or
stepped up twice. This same action
can be repeated any number of times,
using more audion lamps, although it
Is not advisable to use any more than
three steps of amplification.
Using an ordinary audion with a
good coupling transformer, the
energy amplification may be as -great
as 400 times the tube, with the audi
bility amplification about 20 times.
Therefore, with a three-stage ampli
fier the sound will be 8000 times
louder than the original Intensity.
With an amplification as high as
that, undesirable noises, such as arise
in the audions themselves, and out
side noises also are amplified in the
same proportion as the desired sig
nals. Radio phone music amplified to
an intensity over 8000 times will be
come harsh and distorted and no
amount of tuning with the other units
of the apparatus will tone it down.
There is a distinction between radio
and audio amplification. Although the
audion tube is used in both forms of
amplification, the circuits of their
connections are different. In radio
amplifiers the high frequency cur
rents are amplified before they enter
the detector tube to be converted into
sound. In audio amplifiers the low
frequency or sound frequency current
is amplified. For radiophone recep.
tion the radio frequency type is the
more desirable because they give the
least amount of distortion and there
fore bring in the clearest reproduc
tion of the sounds from the transmit
ter. Another thing, the radio fre
wot fully
RADIO CABINETS
Spanish cedar cabinets, beautifully finished, with
6x8 special process insulate raised panel, all
ready for your crystal or tube set. 8y,x6x6?4
Inside dimensions.
S6.00 Efh
4-inch coils wound to U. S. Bureau of Standard
Specifications, with tapps. .
Woven tapps. S1.BO. Soldered tanrjs. S1.0O
- FREftUBUTCY AMPLIFIER TO BE
quency amplifiers permit a receiving
set to respond to signals from a
much greater distance away than Is
possible with the audio frequency.
Audio frequency amplification is
obtained by means of Iron core trans
formers, while radio frequency is ob
tained by means of tuned circuits.
Roughly speaking, the radio fre
quency amplifier boosts the feeble In
coming impulses to a higher value,
while the audio frequency amplifier
increases many times the current re
leased in the plate circuit in the au
dion detector. The audio-frequency
amplifier may be used in amplifying
the rectified current In a crystal de
tector circuit. - In these cases the
leads where the telephones are usual
ly connected are taken to the posts
marked "input" on the amplifier or to
the transformer coll.
This transformer coil, or amplify
ing transformer, as it is usually
called, has an iron core and primary
and secondary windings wound to dlf
ferent ratios, depending on the type
of amplifying tube used.' As a rule
a two-step amplifier used In con'
junction with a short-wave regenera
tive receiver Is sufficient to amplify
local broadcast signals to a great
enough volume to be heard a great
distance away from the phones. The
addition of another step will bring in
distant signals much better, but
should not be used for local work, as
it win distort the music or speech.
The same battery can be used to
light the filaments In the detector
and amplifying tubes. Also the same
B battery can be used, though it will
usually be found that the amplifying
tubes will need a much higher volt
age than the detector. As high as 90
volts Is sometimes necessary, and if
power tubes are- used as amplifiers
160 or 200 volts will be needed to eat
the best results.
Radio Questions and
Answers.
Editor ERad!o New.:
Kindly mall complete instructions how
to construct a radio set, recently described
in your paper. Will you also please giv
me tne following information:
1. Can a loose coupler be used in place
of the variometer or varlo-coupler?
2. Can I use two loose couplers if two
variometera or coupler are called forT
3. Can yau give me Information how to
build a good capacity variable condeneert
AN OiCHiuONlAN READER,
Astoria, Or.
1. If you mean the construction of
a short-wave receiver taken up in
BARRETT'S, Inc.
154 Fourth St, Just North of Morrison St
Phone Main 5131
Westinghouse complete crystal sets $25.00
Our wonderful Junior sets, without phones. .$5.00
In stock amplifiers, tubes.
Shipment of phones about May 15
Crystal detectors Dials
Binding posts Antenna wire insulators
Rotary switches Magnet wire ,
Tuning coils Switch contacts
If we are out of what you want leave your name.
We'll call you when it comes in.
Phones this week.
All Mail Orders Sent C O. D.
Shipments Being Delivered Constantly
Hear Onr Dally Demonstration
From 3l30 to 4:30.
RADIO SUPPLIES
Received 5 Big Shipments by Express This Week
Varicoupler Parts BOe
Complete Crosley Crystal Seta 9
Complete Crosley Audion Sets 820
Rotary Switch Levers
Switch Contacts
Binding Posts
Variable Condensers 91.23
Fixed Condensers
Rheostats 75c
Crystal Detectors 60s to $1.50
SPECIAL Accurate, highly finished eastern maple variometer parts
with complote hardware ready to assemble, $2.50 each. Tou assemble
and save $3.60. . a
Hynson Electric Co.
62 Sixth SU
three Installments In the April 19, .
26 and March 2 Issues, write to our
circulation department for copies of
those issues. Tes, the loose coupler
is a very efficient tuner if correctly
made.
2. Two loose couplers are unnec
essary for short-wave receiving: of
radiophone. Using; two couplers will
bring- too much Inductance into the
circuit, which will be useless for
tuning; to short waves.
3. The building of a variable con
denser Is too lengthy a subject to be
taken up in this column. A future
issue of the Radio Waves and Ripples
page will cover the construction of
this unit fully.
1. I want a receiving radio set strong
enough so that I can hear concerto, lec
tures, etc., from as far away as San Fran
cisco and Los Angeles. What kind of a set
shall I get? And how long should the
aerial wires be and how many to get the
beat TesnlU?
2. Can I have the aerial wires 200 or
800 feet from the house and have the
lead in run. In.
S. About what would the outfit coat me
if I do the labor ot putting it up?
a. TiiOMASON, Sheridan, Oct.
1. For long; distance reception a
regenerative and two-step amplifier
with either a pair of 2000-ohm tele
phone receivers or a loud speaker. One
wire 200 or 250 feet long running to
your instrument will make a very
excellent aerial arrangement if well
insulated from nearby objects.
2. That will make ycur antenna
too long for short wave length re
ception. Don't make the entire length.
lead included, over 306 feet.
3. Such sects as described will cost
from I50 to .250.
Editor Radio News:
Will you kindly answer a few questions
on radio. They are questions on the set
that warn shown in The Oregonian about
a month ago? .
1. How many pounds of No. 22 double
eotton covered wire will it take for the
main Inductance and what is the cost?
2. How much wire will it take of num
ber single cotton covered magnet wire on
tne tickler coll and what Is tne cost?
HARRY VOQES, Portland.
1. One-eighth of a pound will be
sufficient for the winding of the main
inductance. Write to the dealers ad
vertising In the radio section for the
prices.
2. About 60 feet will be necessary
for the tickler coiu
Editor Radio News:
1. Can a magna vol be used with a crys
tal set?
2. What makes the loud rattling noise
when one of the local stations are broad
casting ?
Who are the following: 7NA, 7AEA,
7TG. ?EO. TXG and 7X1 ?
W. B. P Portland.
1. No.
2. What you hear is other noises
which the transmitter is picking up
such as moving about .of entertainers
or people in the transmitting room,
3. These stations are amateur and
High-class Panel
Set, -with two-step
amplifier, tubes,
ph o n- e a, batteries,
etc Complete
$140.00
Small Broadcast
Rece iver, without
tube, batteries or
Radio
Rece
iver
phones a bargain
(I Will
Install)
$25.00
DARBS
980 Stephens
MINKLER
Tabor 2656
1
Immediate Delivery on
KILBOIUJVE A CLARK
High -Grade Audion
Tube Sets Complete
With Magnavox
Complete Installation If Dealred.
(Installers of
Oregonian Radiophone)
Ship-Owner's Radio
Service
J. B. WEED, Manager
310 Oak St.
Broadway 1931
Aerial Wire (standard)
Magnet Wire (all slses)
B Batteries (22 volts) $1.75
A Batteries $10 to $15
Two-elded Tuning Coils $3
Amp. Transformers $4.25
Book of Crystal and Audion
Hook-Ups, 10a postpaid
Mall Order C. O, D.
Portland, Or.
experimental located in Portland. Tou
can get a call book with the names
of all stations listed from any of the
dealers advertising in this section.
Editor Radio News:
Will yoa please answer the following
questions in your radio column? In using
a Clapp-Easth&m company type HR re
generative receiver and a type HZ two
stage amplifier what should the helghth
a-na lengia ol tne antenna be and now
many wires are necessary?
u. M. K... Florence, Or.
For any set put your aerial as
high up in the air as you can get it.
A one-wire aerial of No. 12 bare cop
per wire -well insulated from sur
rounding objects and about 200 feet
long and at least 40 feet high will
make you an. excellent arrangement.
Editor Radio News:
1. How many turns of wire and what
size are required on the primary, secondary
ana iicaier oi a wree-coil spider web tuner
for (A) 200 meters? (B) 360 meters?
(C) 600 meters?
2. Can these colls b tanoeif for thm
three different wave lengths and get aa
Here You Are, Knights of the Radio! Wtj
VA CALL AND SEE THE FINEST THING IN WIRELESS: WX
v(Vw Westinghouse Aeriola Grand and other long-distance t&
f sets and equipment. Ip'fi
We are receiving regular shipments.
'ri Keep in touch with radio headquarters. i&st)
lit M. J. Walsh Electric Co. fi
RADIO
All
Here they are Radio Sets complete and READY
From $16
ALSO A COMPLETE STOCK OF PARTS
Wire, insulators, contact points, knobs, aerials,
batteries, etc so you can make your own.
OUR RADIO EXPERTS WILL GLADLY TELL
YOU HOW TO PUT THE SET TOGETHER
Hear the wonderful musics hear the latest news
hear all that is going through the air.
-CHOWN-
Hardware Co.
147 Fourth, Between Alder and Morrison
D1MEDIATE DELIVERIES
HIGH-GRADE COMPLETE RADIO SETS
We specialize in tne best of equipment for farms and institutions
and install them -with a guarantee of the best results.
OUR SETS COVER ANY DESmED DISTANCE
SOLD FOR CASH OR TERMS
Special Prices for Broadcasting Outfits.
We also do the installing for most of the best dealers in the state.
RADIO SERVICE BUREAU
717 Gasco Bldg. Portland, Oregon. Main 4538.
Will the Other Radio
Returnable,
face value,
on tube set at
later date.
V ASSOCIATED JUm
Is total sa
- .
good results as If you used a separate coil
for every wave length?
HAROLD RANKIN, Salem, Or.
1. For wave lengths from 145 to
350 meters with primary condenser of
.0005 mcf capacity and .001 in secon
dary the primary should have 35
turns, secondary 2-5 and tickler coil
35, wound with No. 22 wire. For
waves from 305 to 760 with same con
densers primary should have 75 turns,
secondary 60 and tickler coil 35 using
No; 22 wire.
2. The results will not be as good
as there will be no way to vary the
relations of the three coils wiin re
spect to each other as is done with
three coils of different wave lengths.
Editor Radio News:
1. What is the receiving radius of a
short wave regenerative receiver? Will a
eat of this kind receive messages from
Honolulu? Is there any other equipment
that could be added to this set which
would Increase its receiving radius?
2. What axe the functions of a vari
ometer? 3. Could a variometer be used instead
SETS
Complete
or
the Makin's
Dealers Do This for You?
Associated Radio Engineers 103
BHOJNEBV Ml w a, feu W Itt .
ft .S4S Kllftrtttlc 3tr.
T , laa
m UittUttta . 5s. bo
of a tuning coil on a crystal set and -would
this give me better results?
A READER, Portland.
1. With favorable conditions, the
short wave regenerative receiver will
pick up messages from several thou
sand miles. However, if one or two
stages of amplification are added the
set can be depended upon for long
distance reception more constantly.
2. Variometers are used either for
sharp tuning or In a regenerative set
for making the tube feed back on It
self or oscillate thereby creating local
amplification.
3. Yes, a variometer Is used in a
crystal set with very good results.
Editor Radio News:
I note my receivers are marked 1000 en
each magnet. They are the Manhattan
Mescos. Would not this prevent me from
receiving your broadcasts?
E. PRICE, Castle Rock.
This means that each receiver is
wound to 1000 ohms each, making
2000 for the pair. They will not pre
vent your receiving the broadcasts if
everything else is O. K.
IN STOCK
We
Radio Corporation
Westinghouse Electric Co.
Remler Mfg. Co.
E. T. Cunningham
Pacent Electric Co.
Wm. J. Murdock
and many others.
See New AreoEa Grand Set
Now on Display
ELECTRIC CO
In Radio Business 10 Yean
75 Sixth Street, Portland
RADIO
Complete stock of Radio supplies
and head phones.
Immediate delivery on ,
Audion Tube Sets with
MAGNAVOX
Complete Installation if desired.
Call us for demonstration.
E. L. Knight & Co.
44 Washington St. 1
Broadway 145
"KNIGHT Hakes Day-The Elictrlc Way"
RADIO FANS.
Investigate these prices they ar rHyht.
Detector panel, with jack $ 9.59
Amplifier panel, with Jack 18.50
Varicoupler panel
Varlcouples, unmounted 4.50
Variometer panel, mounted 850
Variometer, unmounted 55
Panel type Rheostats 1.35
All the above article are of our own
manufacture Ad we make immediate,
delivery. POKTLASD K.ADIO SrFFijt rn
9117 Woodstock Ave., Lenta,
Mills