THE SUNDAY OKEGONIAX, PORTLAND, JANUARY 15, 1922
j$imdaT(0rmiian
KeiTAH! ISIIKU T HENRY I.. riTTOCK.
Publ'.Mh I by Thj oreg-onlan Publlshlnc Co.,
1.1 Sixth tit eet. 1'urtland. Oregon.
C. A. MORDEN. B. B. PIPER,
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n'KNATOK NKWUKRRY'S "VINDICA
TION."
By a narrow majority the senate
has declared tlmt Senator Newberry
a lawfully elected,, but has se
verely condemned the expenditures
on his election as excessive, harmful
to the senate and "dangerous to the
perpetuity of a free government."
Mr. Newberry says that he Is vin
dicated. If he calls this vindication,
he is easily satisfied.
The senate has drawn a clear dis
tinction between the law and the
public morals involved. So strongly
did some of the senator's fellow-republicans
condemn the methods of
the election that only by being left
free to vote moral condemnation
were they induced to vote that it
was legal, and without their votes
he would have been unseated. This
distinction between law and morals
Is far more significant than was that
between a legal and moral obliga
tion which was drawn on a famous
occasion.
A Michigan jury had convicted
Newberry and his backers of vio
lating the federal corrupt practices
act, and the United States supreme
court unanimously reversed the ver
dict on account of error In proced
ure of the trial court, and declared
the corrupt practices act unconsti
tutional by a five-to-four decision.
Then the election stands condemned
as corrupt by the senator's Michigan
fellow-citizens, after he had failed
to testify and after his supporters
had testified that he knew nothing
of their proceedings. The Jury ren
dered a moral condemnation and Its
legal condemnation was rendered
ineffective by the supreme court de
cision. It evidently did not credit
his plea of Ignorance.
The decision of the senate will
give the less satisfaction to the sen
ator because nine members of his
own party voted to unseat him.
Though several of these nine habit
ually follow such a course that their
vote has little significance as evi
dence of their setting moral consid
erations above party ties, the same
thing cannot be said of other re
publican dissentients. They hold
the election to have been vitiated
and rendered null by the methods of
the Newberry campaign. Party is
not the supreme end with some re
publicans. In sharp contrast to the division
among republican senatbrs Is the
unanimity among democrats. If the
loss of a vote to the republicans
should have had no weight with
them, as the local democratic organ
vehemently protests, then it should
find satisfaction in the considerable
defection from the republican ranks.
Applying the same rule, how can it
defend the unanimity of the demo
crats? Surely an issue from which
thought of party advantage should
be excluded ought to divide demo
crats as well as republicans. Since
It did not, the inference is that re
publicans are more susceptible to a
moral Issue than democrats. Let
our neighbor make the most of that
as evidence of the ethical superior
ity of the democracy.
By condemning the excessive ex
penditures on the Newberry cam
paign the senate in effect con
demned the system which tempts
candidates to squander money in
that manner. Not in justification
but in palliation of the offense of
the Newberry family, it should be
said that the direct primary system
compels a man to make himself and
his merits known to every voter in
his state if he is to have a chance of
winning a senatorshlp. Every means
of. publicity must be called into play
circulars, pamphlets, newspapers,
billboards, meetings, ' brass bands.
In a state like Michigan, which cast
over a million votes for president,
one-cent stamps for a single circular
to every voter would cost $10,000.
At that rate a man might soon roll
up an expenditure of $100,000 with
out paying for anything that would
not properly promote "his success
and without paying more than it
was worth, especially in 1918, when
the purchasing power of a pre-war
dollar had fallen to 50 cents. Surely
the law should not offer direct
temptation to large expenditure and
at the same time condemn a man for
making it.
The Newberry case will have salu
tary results in several respects. The
senator's title to his seat is held to
be technically legal, but tainted with
evil effects to the senate and to the
country. This very qualified verdict
will direct attention to the law;
under which a man spent almost
$200,000 In winning an election and
undertakes to prove that he did so
lawfully in simply making his
claims known to the voters. Some
way should be found of reconciling
the requirement that a candidate for
senator must seek, the votes of the
majority of the voters of his state
'with the public reprobation of large
campaign expenses.
A five-fold increase in three years
in the quantity of narcotics shipped
from New York, as shown by of
ficial statistics, furnishes an addi
tional reason for more effective in
ternational control of the traffic in
the forbidden dings. It is shown
that manufacturers of morphine for
export i.i 1918 were Lut 12,304
ounces, while in 1921 they amounted
to mole than 84,000 ounces, and
that eipoiU oi cocaine reached
even more alarming proportions.
The obligation of Americans in this
n . : I . f J r i Riling
' I- V. . . or, roo n f AY
III IlUllUr UUl IU ICI UIIL uii nauin.
shipments to China, which is strug
gling to Tree itself from the opium
habit, and it has a strong motive of
self-interest in preventing reship
ment to the United States, which it
is believed Is the primary purpose of
many so-called export buyers. Re
cent narcotic conferences aro a unit
In demanding hat all civilized na
tions co-operate in stamping out an
evil that menaces all of them alike.
A PRACTICAL MEMORIAL.
The movement to restore the
French village of Bclleau, as a me
morial to six thousand American
soldiers and marines who fell In
battle there in the summer of 1918,
combines the practical with the
ideal. It furnishes moreover an op
portunity to Americans who wish to
erect a monument to American
valor and furnish an example of
American efficiency at the same
time. Restoration will cost no more
than a granite shaft of proportions
suitable to the event, and it will fur
nish a perpetual object lesson to
Frenchmen of the co-operation be-"
tween two nations, speaking differ
ent languages, that was made pos
sible by a common aim.
Bclledu was destroyed by Ameri
cans, curiously enough, so that it is
appropriate although not obligatory
that it should be restored by them.
The village was in the hands of the
Germans when the exigencies of
battle made it necessary to demolish
it in order to drive the enemy out.
This was done by the artillerymen of
the Twenty-eighth American divis
ion with the thoroughness for which
Americans are famous. The French
residents were glad to have It so,
preferring ruin to a village Inhabited
by Germans, but those who have
now returned find living conditions
highly uncomfortable. The me
morial idea will render a service to
these people at the same time that
it furnishes an outlet for those who
believe that memorials ought always
to take a utilitarian form.
THE TEACE DOLLAR AND OTHER
COINS.
Anthony Francisco, the medalist
whose recent attempt to embalm his
fame by engraving his monogram
on the pattern, of the new peace
dollar failed, evidently Is a man who
does not learn from the experience
of others. The Incident is a reminder
of a similar occurrence in 1909, the
centenary of the birth of Abraham
Lincoln, when the initials "V. B."
appeared on 'the first-minted Lincoln
one-cent copper coini and these.
too, were called in, the later Issues,
of which an enormous quantity was
put out, being unsigned. The name
of Victor Brenner, nevertheless, is
inseparably associated with the
Lincoln penny, because of its in
trinsic merit of design. Few artists
have so well preserved the genius of
the great emancipator in a work of
sculpture, and few possessors of the
penny Itself in all probability realize
that it is high in respect of artistic
quality among all' the coins of the
world.
It Is a matter of collateral Interest
that the Lincoln penny was also the
first portrait coin in the regular
coinage series ever issued by our
own government. It is recalled by
numismatists that a pattern two
cent piece bearing the bust of
Washington was produced In 1863,
and that a pattern for the five-cent
piece was similarly submitted to the
treasury officials in 1866 for their
approval, but that neither sugges
tion was favorably received. Preju
dice in fact had always 'existed
against the use of portraits on any
of the nation's coins, although these
had been employed In the engraving
of various designs for paper cur
rency. But the centenary of the
birth of Lincoln was marked by a
wave of sentiment which swept the
old prejudices aside, and the Lincoln
penny was the result.
The act establishing the mint left
little to the genius of the designer
or to the discretion of his superiors.
Upon one side." said the law,
there shall be an impression em
blematic of liberty, with an inscrip
tion of the word 'Liberty' and the
year of the coinage; and upon the
reverse of each of the gold and
silver coinage there shall be the
figure or representation of an eagle.
with the inscription, 'United States
of America,' and upon the reverse of
the different coins there shall be an
Inscription which shall express the
denomination of the piece." The
first emblem of Liberty, which
appeared on the cent and half-cent
of 1793, undoubtedly was a con
scious imitation If not a bad copy
of the medal made by the French
artist Dupre to commemorate the
victories of Saratoga and Yorktown.
But it is remembered, too, that the
new republic had not had much
opportunity to foster the fine arts,
being preoccupied with material
things; the design of our coinage
improved in keeping with our insti
tutions, and in the main the im
provement has continued. Our most
recent mintages upon the whole
excel those of earlier times.
The motto, "E Pluribus Unum,"
was an afterthought, employed for
the first time in 1795 on the half
eagle, but It took a longer time to
obtain recognition of the deity, a
fact of some significance because of
its bearing on the growth of religious
feeling of the people. The civil war
Inspired a deep sense of the im
potence of unsupported human in
stitutions, and Salmon P. Chase,
then secretary of the treasury, was
bombarded with petitions suggesting
and urging the course which was
afterward adopted. Chase in 1861
addressed a letter to the director of
the mint at Philadelphia, in which
he declared that "no nation can be
strong except in the strength of God,
or safe except in his defense," and
added: "You will cause to be pre
pared without unnecessary delay a
motto expressing in the fewest words
possible this national recognition."
The first patterns prepared for a
half-dollar in 1862 -tiore the words,
"God Our Trust," and a pattern
made "in 1863 for a two-cent piece
bore a bust of Washington and
"God and Our Country." Prejudice
against portraiture on our oins, to
which allusion has been made, pre
vented adoption of the latter design
and the former had also been held
in abeyance, so tHat the now
familiar form, which supplanted
both.! did not appear until 1864, then
on the obverse of a bronze two-cent
piece. It was extended rapidly to
other coinages on which it now
appears.
The distinction as to portraiture
on coins prior to the issuance of the
Lincoln penny was between "rcgu-
lar" and "commemorative" mint
ages. The Columbian half and
quarter-dollars of the Chicago
world's fair bore ' the figures of
Christopher Columbus and Queen
Isabella. The Lafayette silver dollar
of 1900 had on its obverse the con
joined busts of Washington and
Lafayette, and there was another
special dollar coinage In 1903 bear
ing the busts of William' McKlnley
and Thomas Jefferson, in commem
oration of the Louisiana purchase.
It is a fact of local interest that the
only other portrait coin, commemo
rative or otherwise, issued by our
governments prior to the Lincoln
penny of 1909 was the gold dollar
of 1904-6, minted in connection with
the celebration at Portland of the
centenary of the explorations of
Lewis and Clark, the busts of those
great pathfinders lending recogni
tion to a fact of major importance
In the history of the great northwest.
CAISES OF CROSSING ACCIDENTS.
The enormous cost which the
elimination of every railroad grade
crossing in the country would entail
a cost that ultimately would fall
heavily on the consumer, if Indeed
it could be financed' within a reason
able time makes pertinent all bf
the inquiries now being conducted
by railroads and public safety agen
cies into the cause of crossing acci
dents. It is better to examine the
question in the light of fatalities
which might have occurred than to
collect all our data from coroners'
inquests, ac has been the rule.
Tallymen on one eastern railroad,
observed the conduct of the drivers
of automobiles at a certain crossing
and reported that between the hours
of 1 and 3 P. M., an ordinarily busy
time of day, ninety-nine cars passed
the given point. Of forty going in
one direction, fourteen were driven
by men who did not look In either
direction as they approached the po
tentially dangerous spot. Of fifty
nine traveling the opposite way,
twenty were driven "with abandon."
In other words, about 34 per cent of
all ..drivers invited the calamity
which occurs whenever the arrival
of a train and that of a car are syn
chronized. Now the mathematical chance
that the car and the train will dis
pute a crossing at any moment can
not be computed with certainty, but
there are some eight million auto
mobiles in the United States, many
of which are driven 365 days in the
year, and the number of trains and
also crossings is very large, so that
when we multiply the figures we
find no difficulty In seeing just why
it is that crossing accidents annually
maim and kill thousands. It cannot
be charged that engineers run over
automobilists on .purpose or even
that they enjoy doing so. The state
ment that the drivers of cars are
largely to blame seems to be borne
out by the figures in the instance
reported, and in many othero of the
same kind.
The time may come in the
somewhat distant f u t u r e when
there will be no grade crossings. It
is unlikely that there will be any on
the new roads of state and national
importance. In any event. But if
crossing elimination were begun to
morrow the implied warning to
motorists would still have force. All
the time saved in a year by "driving
with abandon" otfer a railroad track
is not worth a fraction of the cost in
life and limb that it entails.
SHIFTING RESPONSIBILITY.
One -will. be Impressed, on reading
a recent work on "The Glands Regu
lating Personality," of which Dr.
Louis Berman of Columbia univer
sity is the author, by the thought
that overstresslng of the gland the
ory by less well-informed pet-son"
than the scientist who wrote the
book is likely to have a depressing
effect on the sense of moral respon
sibility. The writer indicates that
the fate of the individual depends to
a large extent upon the functioning
of certain glands, which is likely to
be interpreted as a denial ' of the
more vigorous spiritual doctrine that
we are the captains of our own souls.
In a world already given to over
much shifting of the blame for fail
ure, the new idea ought to be pru
dently safeguarded, else it is likely
to do more harm than good.
r Nevertheless, the influence of the
glands upon human destiny is a
deeply interesting subject for specu
lation. Those which Dr. Berman
mentions as profoundly affecting the
status of the individual are eight in
number. The thyroid, which comes
first, is better understood than It was
ten years ago, but like the others It
still leaves a good deal to be desired.
The pituitary gland, consisting of
two parts, each possessing a different
function, comes next, but is still
more or less a mystery. The re
maining six are the pineal, the ad
renals, the thymus, the parathy -roids,
the pancreas and the intersti
tial, the last of which have recently
received attention out of proportion
to their probable importance because
of certain sensational experiments in
connection with them which held out
a mistaken promise of the discovery
of the secret of eternal youth. But
the new physiology takes account of
the gland system as a whole and of
the relation of one to another In the
Intricate scheme of living and it even
goes so far as to revise Shakespeare's
seven ages of man upon what may ba
termed a glandular schedule.
In the new order there are four
ages instead of seven. Dr. Berman
calls them "endocrine" epochs, ap
plying the term "endocrine" to all
eight glands and their effects upon
the human body. The first is the
epoch of the thymus gland, which
governs Infancy; the second that of
the pineal gland, in which the des
tiny of childhood is worked out; the
epoch of adolescence, which is far
more complicated because it is regu.
lated sometimes by one set of glands
and sometimes by another, according
to which -trains the mastery in the
critical period, constitutes the third;
and the fourth is that of senility,
caused by a general glandular
deficiency. Thus is man's fate determined,-
according to the new
theory, not by his personal ef
forts to beat nature at its own game,
but by the power of certain little un
derstood secretions. The obvious
corollary is that since it Is measura
bly possible to regulate and stimu
late the functioning of the glands
and since we may reasonably hope to
advance still further In this field of
knowledge, the time may come when
we shall be able to determine our
destiny by the administration of a
corrective in tablet form.
The lengths to which the new
gland philosophy may lead us are
immeasurable. Is a woman over
masculine? An adrenal excess is
I clearly to blame. Women with these
. excesses, the author indicates, are
leaders not only among women but
I men. Florence Nightingale was too
j masculine, but if it had not been for
that fact there would have been no
"lady with the lamp." Dr. Berman
I quotes Carol Kennicott of "Main
Street" as complaining that her ap
proaching motherhood had made her
hair fall out and "made her com
plexion rotten," and explains the
phenomenon in this way:
Her complexion was rotten and her hair
fell out because her tyroid was ifot ade
quate to the demands of pregnancy, and if
her arches were falling; and her figure
acquiring a potato bug dumpiness, it was
because her pituitary was insufficient. In
all probability she was a thymus centered
type, which accounts for much of the
material that goes to make up the novel.
General acceptance of the notion
that the glands are to blame for all
our defects and, on the other hand,
deserve the credit for all our virtues
I Is going to take a good deal of the
I rnmnnrA nut nf Ufa Thnw whn
know the Joy of triumph over adver
sity will lose some of its thrill on
learning that they succeeded onlj
because they possessed a full set of
well-ordered glands. But the real
peril of the idea lies in the excuse I'
offers to the lazy, the improvident.
the time-wasters and the others o
the vast clan of ne'er-do-wells to
persist In their ways. It is an inop
portune time to foist a physiological
doctrine of foreordination on - the
world, which needs all that it can
possibly get of the old-fashioned,
never-say-die spirit that used to be
comprehended In the general Urm
character.
THE DEATH ROLL OF A YEAR.
That a very large proportion of
the distinguished men and women
whose lives closed during the year
1921 had exceeded the scriptural al
lotment of three score-years and ten
is a fact to be accounted for in the
main, of course, by the selective na
ture of the list of names. The
achievements of which they remind
us were the result of many years of
unremitting labor In nearly every in
stance, and society is slow to recog
nlge genius and sparing of its praise.
But the fact that so many lived long
and died while still engaged in pleas
ant and useful work is also suggestive
of the association between longevity
and high ideals. Those who were
cut off before reaching the pre
scribed span have been but the ex
ceptions which test the rule. '
John Burroughs and Professor
William L. Brooks, the former 84
and the latter 73, were among the
noted scientists who died. If Pro
fessor Brooks was less well known
than Burroughs was, this was no
doubt because he failed to "popu
larize" the science astronomy of
which he was a devotee to the ex
tent that Burroughs made natural
history understandable to the non
technically trained; yet Brooks did
much for education and for the
general study of the natural phe
nomena of the skies. He was a
noteworthy discoverer of new
comets and a student of their na
ture and their movements, and
under his direction photography of
the heavens reached new heights.
Edmund Perrler, who died In
France, was a noted zoologist and a
man of promise, whose death will be
widely mourned by students of nat
ural history. , In the field of edu
cation the deaths of Dr. Frank W.
Gunsaulus and Professor William L.
Cushing will be noted. Among edi
tors and publicists, Henry Watter
son, who lived to be eighty, is prom
inent both because of his own per
sonality and because he formed a
link with a romantic period In the
history of journalism which we are
unlikely to witness again. Harriet
Prescott Spofford was an author of
an older and pleasing school whose
wholesome tone makes us, some
times, wish for the return of the
"good did days," and Edgar Saltus,
who, by the way, was only 63, is an
other reminder of the period when
scrupulous devotion to literary Ideals
was more than now a part of the
noblesse oblige of authorship.
Mrs. Phoebe Hanaford. too,
formed a connecting link with a
past differing so strangely from the
present in some respects that it
seems almost as if the events which
characterized it might have hap
pened in another world. She was
the first woman ever ordained to the
ministry in staid old New England,
she battled against prejudice and in
tolerance that are ditficult today to
understand and in additfbn to her
labors for the cause of women's civil
and political rights, she found time
to do a prodigious amount of writ
ing. The last survivor of the famous
Greely arctic expedition, Maurice
Gonnell, who died early In the year,
was .only 69. It is recalled that the
ill-fated exploration party of which
he was a member went out only in
the early '80s, and that practically
everything of value that has been
learned about the north polar region
has been the product of investiga
tions conducted since that time.
Colonel Ellas B. Baldwin and Com
modore E. P. Berthoff were other
polar travelers who died during the
year.
In the field of music and the
drama the loss was exceptionally
heavy. There was Enrico Caruso,
to begin with. David H. Bispham,
the singer, had endeared himself lit
erally to millions of Americans.
Anna Louise Carey is gone, and
Christine Nillson. Paul M. Potter,
whose true name, few will remember,
was Walter A. McLean, was a dram
atist of considerable note, Frederick
Belasco was a well-known producer,
and James Huneker a constructive
and educative critic of music. These,
with Camille Saint-Saens, who held
to a distinct ideal in music while
lending a hospitable ear to inno
vation, -constitute a heavy loj to the
world in which they moved.
In law and politics, if we rely on
the record of a single year, long
life is not so common. Chief Justice
Edward D. White, who was 76, was
the dean of a famous group of jur
ists. But Champ Clark lived to be
only 71 and William A. Blount,
president of the American 'Bar as
sociation, to only 70. Charles A.
Bonaparte was 70 also, but Senator
Philander Knox -was only 68, Frank
lin K. Lane but 57 and William F.
McCombs only 46. Among men of
large business affairs, Samuel P.
Colt, the noted rubber manufacturer,
lived to be 69 and Alexis I. du
Pont, the powder man, to be 52.
The list of noted foreigners who
passed to the great beyond in 1921
is also noteworthy. There were Dr.
Theobald von Bethmann-Holweg,
the German ex-chancellor. Sir I-aa-arus
Fletcher, the English physicist;
Sir. David Henderson, the celebrated
Red Cross leader; Baron Burdette
Coutts, Lady Randolph Churchill,
Austin Dobson, Lord Mount Stephen,
the great Canadian railroad builder,
and King Peter of Serbia, among
others. Death played no favorites,
nor consulted the affections and de
sires of (any peoples. If it had done
so a good many who were taken
would 'have been spared for con
tinued lives of usefulness.
LIFE SENTENCES FOR' THE INCOR
RIGIBLE. Judge Otto A. Rosalsky of the
court of general sessions of New
York, who has had a good deal to do
with criminals in the years that he
has been on the bench, gave voice to
the belief of ah increasing number
that society as well as the criminal
deserve protection when he pro
posed the other day that a certain
class of offenders be sentenced, not
to a Specified term In prison but to
state supervision for the remainder
of their lives. This Would embrace
imprisonment where necessary or
advisable, which It nearly always Is
in the case of the incorrigible, and
it wsvild also permit the cutting of
much red tape as a preliminary to
taking up and committing the of
fender who has proved unworthy of
trust. It is an extension of the
present parole system, with more
nearly adequate protection for the
law-abiding, which would seem to
be essential if crime waves are ulti
mately to be checked.
The abuse of the parole Is illus
trated In the case which provoked
the New York judge's utterance. He
had just been called on to pass sen
tence on a highwayman convicted
for the sixth time. In no instance
had the prisoner served a full sen
tence. He had repeatedly violated
the trust imposed in him and flouted
efforts to give him "another chance."
He had proved, in the view of Judge
Rosalsky, that he was unfit to be at
large. "I would place such as he,"
said the jurist, "under control of the
board of parole, so that the state
might keep tabs on them for life."
The culprit was sentenced to fifteen
years' imprisonment, the limit al
lowed by law, with the usual pros
pect that as soon as he is free he
will re-enter his life of crime.
A general misunderstanding of
the original intention of the parole
system and want of comprehension
of the nature of some criminals is
probably responsible for the ex
tremes of badly-considered lenity
whilh now threaten to cause an un
fortunate reaction against the en
tire method. "There are many."
said Warden F. Spalding, secretary
of the Massachusetts Prison Associ
ation, some years ago, "who must
be imprisoned because they are un
fit for liberty; unbalanced, abnor
mal persons (the proportion is
larger than Is-, generally supposed)
who , cannot be allowed to be at
large. There are numbers of men
who must be imprisoned for their
own good, as well as for the protec
tion of society. Some are distinctly
Criminal in character some by birth
and some from a variety of other
causes." Repeated paroles are not
for criminals of this class, and they
violate the implied obligation of the
law administrators to society in the
mass. The state in the very enact
ment of laws promises protection to
its citizens and violates its promise
when it fails to comply with the
spirit of those laws.
PIONEER COLLEGES.
McMinnville college, which has
recently come into new prominence
among the educational institutions
of the west because of the particular
circumstance surrounding a mag
nificent bequest, is a reminder of
the lengths to which the pioneers of
Oregon were willing to go In order
to secure for their children the fa
cilities of education. McMinnville
in other respects also has a ro
mantic history. It is in fact the
fourth institution of higher learning
founded west of the Rocky moun
tains which still exists. Only Wil
lamette university, which had Its
seeds in the early Methodist mis
sionary ertrfeavor. Pacific university,
which was the product of the self
denial of another denomination, and
the University of the Pacific in Cali
fornia antedate -lcMinnville. But
the last-named still has the distinc
tion of being the oldest institution to
be Incorporated as a "college" and
continuously conducted ac such.
Whitman college, at Walla Walla,
another conspicuous and romantic
ally interesting school of the kind,
was founded a year after McMinn
ville. McMinnville college was not, how
ever, the first successful attempt of
the Baptists in Oregon to establish a
denominational school, as the his
torian Bancroft has erroneously
assumed. The territory was very
young when in 1849 the Oregon City
college and university was started
by the 'denomination on a founda
tion laid by the Rev. Hezekiah
Johnson in his first, meeting house
a few years previous-. Education
and religion traveled .-hand in hand
in those days and Dr. McLoughlin,
who was a factor in the life of Ore
gon and the richest man' In the re
gion, gave the first building sltei
The Rev. Ezra Fisher, another pio
neer Baptist minister, helped de
velop the Institution into one of col
legiate aspirations if not actual at
tainments and the three-story build
ing which was completed In 1852
was the pioneer Baptist school in
the Oregon country. It was In a
sense the foundation on which Mc
Minnville college was built, for
when it gave up the ghost a few
years later such funds as It had ac
cumulated were turned over to the
new school.
An impression of the attitude of
the people toward education in gen
eral will be obtained from their dis
position in the early town-building
era to regard a school as the best
possible advertisement of an embryo
city. When W. T. Newby, in the
winter of 1852-3, cut a ditch from
Baker creek, a branch of the Yam
hill river, to Lozine creelj, where he
erectetfa grist mill, he attracted at
tention to the possibilities of his lo
cation as a townslte, and thereafter
when S. C. Adams,"" who figures in
the annals of -rly education -l
Oregon as'a. devoted and self-sacrificing
teacher, laid out the tewn the
first thought of the Inhabitants was
for a school. Most of the neighbors
were members of the Christian
church, so they naturally looked to
that denomination for aid. It is re
membered 'that Newby gave six
acres of land for a campus, and that
other pioneers subscribed with great
liberality in view of the availability
of money In that time. There was
no formal organization and the In
terest of the Baptists was aroused
through their quest for another
school site, and their founding of
West Union Institute In Washington
county. They had just previously
incorporated Corvallis Institute,
which got no farther than Incorpor
ation, but which now serves as a
reminder that the term "institute"
was a popular one for aspiring
schools in that time.
West Union Institute was another
example of the public spirit arfd de
nial which marked the conduct of
the pioneers. The names of the first
donors and active directors of those
schools include a number that were
prominent in early history. McMinn
ville College having been formally
surrendered to the Baptists in 1856
on the sole condition that latter
should maintain at" least one pro
fessorship in a collegi. te department,
was Incorporated in 1858. Its first
president, the Rev. George C. Chan
dler, was a gifted scholar and edu
cator, an example of the type of
pioneer who came from the finest
stock in the older sta'tes, and a man
of striking personality who loomed
large In the religious and educa
tional affairs of the territory In his
time.
It Is related of Dr. Chandler as an
Illustration of the meager rewards
of early missionary endeavor that he
once rode on horseback while seri
ously ill to keep an appointment to
preach in a church twenty-six miles
distant that paid him a salary of
only $100 a year. Professor John
W. Johnson, who succeeded Dr.
Chandler as president of McMinn
ville college, subsequently became
president of the University of Ore
gon. The college also contributed a
number of other teachers to schools
of the territory, inciudiiTg Professor
Mark Bailey, Ph. D., who for a time
was president at McMinnville and
later became professor of mathe
matics at the University of Oregon.
The names of J. E. Magers, the Rev.
G. J. Burehett, undor whose presi
dency a new and beautiful building
was. constructed, and of the Rev.
Dr. E. C. Anderson, who also suc
ceeded In constructing a new hall at
a cost of $25,000, then a huge sum,
are prominent in the annals of the
time.
For a long time there was a curi
ous and persistent legend that Mc
Minnville college had been founded
as an "opposition school" to the
first Baptist endeavor at Oregon
City and inspired by disagreement
over the slavery issue, which
throughout the decade of the fifties
tainted the politics of Oregon. But
this has been disposed of by the
Rev. C. H. Mattoon, one of the early
teachers o? McMinnville college, In
his interesting reminiscences, in
which he points out that every mem
ber of the first faculty at McMinn
ville was a northern man. an oppo
nent of slavery, and besides would
have remained at Oregon City if it
had been the fashion very much to
regard personal interest then. The
new college moreover had the sup
port of the pro-slavery residents of
its immediate neighborhood. The
fact is that the motive of obtaining
schools operated In higher degree
than nearly-any other in that time
to promote harmony among the peo
ple. Men and women of various po
litical faiths and even of different
religious denominations found com
mon ground in the development of
the idea that in the education of Its
people lay the greatest safeguards
of the state.
A curious thing about the way the
Japanese cling to their Mutzu Is
that nobody seems to have been able
to persuade them that the farming
Implements that the price of the big
dreadnought would buy would do
more to solve their food problems
than a whole navy could do.
Amundsen hopes to be able to
predict weather a year in advance
and it may be well if he falls. No
body wants to know what he will be
able to do the fourteenth or twenty
sixth Sunday ahead. It mlht give
his better half too much leverage.
Thesympathy of the world will be
with Finland as against Russia, just
as it was with Belgium against Ger
many and has always been with the
weaker side ever since David made
his big hit by slaying Goliath. v-
The fact that abouf 1,600.000 au
tomobiles were made in the United
States last year shows that we still
have a pretty wide margin to go on
before we are down to a bedrock
basis of bare necessities. j
It is too murh to expect that an
Income tax ever will be popular, but
the government is doing as much as
possible to make It so by simplify
ing the bookkeeping necessary In
making a return.
It will be comforting to those who
think that superstitions are an in
dication of weakness to note that
there was no perceptible -diminution
in the number of marriages on "Fri
day, the 13th."
It is small comfort for the victim
of a robbery to be told by statis
ticians that only crimes of larger
magnitude are Increasing, while
petty offending Is on the decline.
A British astrologer predicts uni
versal peace by 1932. Ten years Is
a short while in which to change the
dispositions people manifest in the
fighting that is still going on.
People are surprised every once
in a while to discover that some
luxury taxes were retained. But the
people who ?an buy jewelry ought
not to compjaln.
The forecast of a greater crop for
1922 would interest the farmers
more If it were accompanied by as
surance of conditions making better
prices possible.
The names of Pacific northwest
men summoned to Secretary Wal
lace's conference indicate there will
be men there who know farming.
The way to make the peace dollar
really commemorat ve of peace will
be to fix it so that it will buy more
of the necessities of life.
Woman physician says that short
skirts are a blessing, but it depends,
of course, upon t:.e pujehritude of
the person wearing thorn.
Germany gets a partial .uorato
rtum, and Germany hopes, of course,
to obtain other moratoriums before
the whole bill is paid.
If there must be a coal strike,
there will be general relief that it
isn't going to happen until spring.
"The Listening Post.
By DfUItt Harry.
D ELVERS Into the mysterious and
those who would have us believe
that communication with the next
world Is possible get great satisfac
tion from ouija boards. True, their
vogue of a few years ago la dying
Out, but dealers will tell you that
there is a steady demand for the toys.
Now those who are in tunc with the
nether world aver that It is some
mysterious force that moves the de
vice and answers their unspoken
questions. Skeptics say that the
hand moves with the mind and Indi
cates p'easing answers. Be that as
it may, there is one little 8-year-old
lady who gets a great deal of satis
faction from her ouija board and she
ltaves nothing to chance either.
As this Is written a childish scrawl
Is'on the desk, bearing a graphic tale
of her delving into the realm of mys
tery. It was her plap to write out
net question first and afterwards the
answers from the board. Here is the
result :
"1 Am I going to get mayread
my anser is yes. 2 Am I going to
have two children, my anser is yes.
3 when will the turn of the moon
be, my anser Is in June. 4 how old
air. 1. my anser is 8. 5 what color
will my children's hair be. my anser
is brown. 6 how old will I live to
be. my anser Is 248. 7 How old la
our house., my an5y is 13 years."
QED. Here she got just what she
wanted- to know. What difference
minor spelling oddities; a person is
Just as firmly wed when "mayread"
as when "married." Her age was
cr-rrect, the age of her home right
aj;ain, her own eyes and those of her
boy playmate all happened to be
brown, and the board assures her a
long life.
Ships from lands where men may
drink prove popular on their arrival
in ports of the great American desert.
Invitations to tea, dinner or Just to
irspect the vessels are eagerly sought
and neat littlo evening parties when
women try to make the marines' life
somewhat enjoyable and at the same
time closely inspect their private
liquor stocks, prove drawing cards.
The result Is in many cases the offi
cers get the Impression that a great
deal of American leisure Is spent in
search for liquid refreshment and
that few reject invitations to spill a
few drops on the altar of friendship.
In fact most of those who come
aboard, on one excuse or another,
drop broad hints.
On a recent trip of a Japanese liner
it was necessary for an Immigration
officer to ride the craft to sea. As
soon as he came aboard he was asked
ii he wouldn't care to eat. His
stomach was out of order so he pleas
antly declined. He was then offered
cigarettes or cigars, and as he does
not care for Japanese brands once
again declined. Then as a climax the
chief officer asked him Into the'offl
cers' quarters and set a flrfe bottle of
whisky and a highball set in front
of him. This man never drinks on
duty and once again, with Just th
proper restraint, he declined.
"You're a strange American," said
the officer. "Why you must be a
Christian."
.
English may be complicated but
there are other languages that pre
sent countless pitfalls. Take Chinese.
This language Is divided into sylla
bles and they gain life through many
different combinations. But this is
not all. Tone has a great deal to do
with meaning. For Instance in the
Canton dialect each syllable has eight
tones, anb as each sound is made at
a different pitch the meaning is
changed. The Canton dialect is likely
the most complicated In China, for
the inflections areanore elaborate. In
the Peking dialect for Instance, there
are but four tones.
The other day a Chinaman was tell
ing of an experience of a friend, a
visitor from another province, in Can
ton. He knew his foundation sylla
bles all right, but the sounds were
different than in his home city. He
wanted to ask for a vegetable at a
restaurant and noticed that his quer
caused a flurry. The host came i
with three young girls. It transpired
that the newcomer had Inadvertently
asked for a wife and, having one at
home, was forced to admit his mis
tr-ke, located the correct inflection
and got vegetables Instead.
Where have our porches gone? asks
a contemporary in commenting on the
present-day style of home building.
Most of the newer houses are built
with -small entry hoods and paved
terraces along tl-- front. The answer
is that the porch has been knocked
off by the auto.
Not literally, but the automobile
has been the factor in stopping porch
building. The city dweller, since the
advent of the car, no longer has to
have a place to sit and rest. When
the family have any leisure they pile
into the machine and go out to look
at the surrounding territory. Their
horizon no longer is restrained by the
house across the street, for they can
go out and visit fresh scenes at any
time. Modern construction plans pro
vide for the garage instead of the
porch of a few year back.
s
One local photographer makes a
specialty of coloring his portraits and
tries for a faithful duplication of
fiesh, hair and eye tints as well as of
dress materials. He made some very
striking prints of a young woman
and she was so pleased that she or
dered an elat;ate one completed in
color. When show the finished study
she found fault with the shade of her
hair, thought it was a little too
bright. Her hair is red.
"I'll make it a little darker if you
wish," said the artist.
"No, on second thought I don't
think you need change it. I rather
like the shade In the picture so I'll
Just change the color of my hair to
suit." . . .
Editors of trade Journals usually
have a number of stock departmental
heads under which they group their
material.. One of the largest district
publications, of this character calls
one section "Trouble and Litigation."
Recently a contributor wrote an ac
count of the wedding of a man prom
inent in their industry. The story
was published under the above-mentioned
head. The editor is taking a
vacation to avoid explanations.
x .-
Frequently this column Is Indebted
to readers for its best material. These
contributions are always waicuoia.
Two Cups.
II y Cirare I-;. Hall.
There were two cups that went astray
In the haste and confusion of market
day
Two cups that w,ere different as thev
could be,
Though fashioned alike as to sym
metry. E'atterned to serve and patterned to
use
What should it matter whlnj n o"
choose?
Two masters came into the mart to
buy;
One looked at the china with cautious
eye.
And lifted a cup that was thin and
' ini:
With delicate color and perfect line.
And nnstenel away to his kitchen's
din.
With a Dresden cup that was fine
and thin.
The oilier master, with shallow
thought,
Paid scanty heed to the cup lie
bought;
It's lines were as ample aj was his
need.
And a cup was a cup if it hell its
mead ;
So he took it away to his home in
state,
And It stood In a cabinet desolate.
Pccaiise It wns dainty and very frail.
The cup In the kitchen looked doomed
to fail.
It's trai-cry faded, was disarranged.
It's polish and luster sadly changcl;
Jt clashed with the others, sometlmc-i,
to ring
Like a clear sweet bell or a silver
string.
And the owner watched It from year
to year,
And guarded it craftily through his
fear
For he knew that a treasure he'd won
that day
When he chose the cup that had gone
astray,
But oh! the Dresden, so frail and rare,
Was scarred by the coarse and the
common ware.
Ignored by the best in the rich man's
home, '
The cruder cup had been sadly alone.
And it fell one day from its trusted
place.
Quite broken to bits, in a deep dis
grace. Till it lay a, last In an alley, lost.
Where the crude and the broken cups
are tossed.
You may read this story and hold it
true
That a cup Is a cup the whole - orld
through;
But a Dresden, robbed of Its sphere,
its glow.
Is the sad-dest thing in the world, I
know;
For the cruder vessel will break,
some day.
But the Dresden serves till it wears
away.
MY CREED.
I want to be true to the plan God has
wrought
In me as a man when his Image he
sought.
I want to respect him and do all I
can
For country and fireside and my fel
low man.
"He did what he could," may It fall
on my ear
When life has departed. "My son lleth
here."
I want to be helpful In making the
load
A little bit lighter for those on the
road ;
I want to dispel all the shadows and
gloom
And fill every life with tho sweetest
perfume.
So friends at my parting will pause
with a tear
And whisper to loved ones, "My
friend lieth here."
I want to be faithful to those I love
best.
To honor and cherish the little home
nest,
Where wife and the children all wel
come me there.
Where home is like heaven and peace
like a prayer.
So when I am called and the boat
draweth near,
May praises resoundeth, "Our ptl
lleth here."
I want to be useful in God's mlg-nry
plan
To make the world better than when
1 began.
I want to fit Into some definite
place
To help and encourage the whole
human race.
When the clods of the valley shall
fall on my bier
May they echo to heaven, "God's
man lleth here."
O. V. BADLEY.
MY LITTLE? OLD CAR.
My old boat is stored in Flivver's ga
rage. Lined up with three score that are
dead;
But each week I call at its desolat
stall
And lovingly pat it cold head.
And thoughts of the trails we trav
eled and broke
Bring quickly the mist to my eyes;
For though built of steel, with each
leg a wheel
My car Is a queen In disguise.
She's nosed her way through deep
canyons and creeks,
And over the Siskiyou top;
She's hit the long trail from Klamath
to Vale,
And eaten the dust like a mop.
Old age does not seem to stiffen her
Joints,
She never has uttered a cry;
A heartbeat or two may miss. It Is
true,
When altitude reaches the sky.
I am sure that she longs for spring
time to come,
When woodlands will echo her
shou t
When fumes of the gas will mingle
alas,
'With fragrance of lilies and trout
So here's to the day when snows melt
away -
And life Is restored to dead cars;
Adventure galore for us Is in store.
And we'll camp neath the twink
ling stars.
W. R. McCRACKEN.
"WHAT ARE TIIESK AMONG SO
MANY t
(St. John 6:9.)
What are these? the loaves and fisheJ
Of words spoken long ago?
Can they feed the starving wishes
Of the multitude rough pressing.
Waiting, eager for a blessing.
Lifting faces, white with woe?
What are these, among so many
Frowning fortresses of care?
Meager Is their strength, if any.
When the prison of the sense
Lets no longing spirit thi iirc
Lest It triumph, unaware:
What are these? they are the powr
Of the living, loving. Word;
Fire, that pierces through life's hour.
Burning with r deathless fiame.
Fed with the Eternal Name;
Silent, secret, and unheard!
1LA.U Y ALIiTHliA WOODWARD.