G
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND,, JANUARY 1, 1923
POLICE DECLARE CHINESE LOTTERY VICIOUS
IN EFFECTS ON WHITCSJWHO PARTICIPATE
Game Said Also to Be Bun Unfairly, So That Big Winnings Are Practically Impossible Operators Stake
Only $5000 on Each Drawing Regardless of Tickets Sold.
BT W. H. PERKINS.
JESSE JAMES ia dead. Captain
Kldd Is nothing more than a
memory. Roy Gardner tempo
rarily at least Is languishing behind
cteel bars.
But the "Chinks" and their seductive
lottery, with Its golden promise of
rich profits, are still batting 1000 per
cent In the "Come-on" league. For
painless extraction of money from a
gullible and acquiescent public, the
shuffling, squinty-eyed Chinaman can
give the notorious Mr. Ponzi cards,
spades and little casino, and still sub
ject him to an artistic trimming In
the glamorous game of frenzied
finance.
There Is bat a slight measure of
difference In the operation of the
armed and masked thug who waylays
you on a dark and lonely street and
'frisks" you of your cash while your
heart nearly fractures your ribs by
its unmusical and violent tattoo. Be
ing "stuck up" at the point of a gun
and robbed of your nickels and dimes
gives you a thrill that lingers for
many weeks and months.
'Hope Lores Victim.
But all the "Chink" needs is that
unblinking, bland Bmlle and a lottery
layout. He robs you Just as com
pletely and efficiently as does the
thug at the wrong end of the re-
volver. But herein lies the differ
ence: the "Chink" makes you like it.
And the only thrill you find is in the
hope that next time you might pos
sibly knock over a "nine-spot."
Historians thus far have failed to
record Just hen the Chinese lottery
came into existence. There are some
who say that it is as old as Con
fucius, and their guess cannot be so
very far awry. For it needed a "guy"
- with all his wisdom to "dope put" a
game such as the Chinese lottery,
guise it under the mistaken name of
a gamble, and then let it romp its
merry" way down through the ages
as the greatest sure-thing swindle
that ever separated a poor man from
his hard-earned pennies.
Player's Chance Nil.
Did you ever hear of a "Chink"
using the name of "Steve Brodie" as
his Americanized cognomen? You bet
you never, because your little yeJlow
skinned brother with eyes like al
monds doesn't have to take a chance.
For the benefit of the uninitiated
let it be told here and now that the
Chinese lottery is the one gambling
vice which lures the poor man along,
month after month, until he is willing
to gamble his family's bread and his
baby's shoes In the persistent but
fleeting hope that some day he will
make the big killing.
There's a fascination In playing the
lottery which gets in one's blood. It
becomes a habit so strong, so over
powering, that a man will borrow,
and even steal, In order to obtain
funds to mark a ticket.
Just think of the lure of winning
$355.80 through the Investment of 10
cents! Or the chance to win $3558
by marking a $1 ticket! For your
friend, the "Chink," knows that if he
is to grow prosperous and fat and
sleek, he must gather in the grimy
dimes from the rough hands of the
laborer along with the dollars and
larger amounts of the men better able
to lose.
Kleven Games Run Here.
There are 11 lottery companies
operating today in Portland and per
sons who profess to know say they
gather in easily $2500 a day. In a
year's time this means that nearly
$1,000,000 Is spent In Portland alone
for Chinese lottery tickets. Just how
much of this goes back into the
pockets of the players as spasmodic
winnings is a matter of great con
jecture. Of course, the "Chink" will tell you
of many cases of where the 70-cent
ticket drew down a $2000 winning,
but these mysterious persons upon
whom Lady Luck appears to have
smiled so benignly have never been
seen in public
Just how many agents are operat
ing for these companies l.ot even the
police know. But there are fully
two-score' or more stores In the Chi
nese quarter where a wink and a
nod will lead you back through the
big barred door to the little ill
smelling room where the lottery lay
out is spread upon a long table be
fore you.
t Aarents Have Runners.
Then each of the resident agents
has any number of runners operating
through the stores and business
buildings of the city. From one
building alone these lottery agents
nre said to take $200 a day from of
fice employes and wage-earners.
Take a walk any afternoon down
rough the Chinese section about
S:S0 o'clock. Peer through the dirty
windows of one of these "stores" and
watch these runners come in from
their dally soliciting. These lesser
agents range in years from little
Chinese boys of 10 and 12 years to old
Celestials barely able to shuffle
along, but who eke out a mere exist
ence from their lottery commissions.
These Chinese will reach Into their
pockets and out comes a silver shower
of nickels, dimes and quarters. From
an inner pocket they retrieve the
tickets which their patrons have
marked ,for the next drawing. Pa
tiently they wait in line until each
has checked in, given over his
marked tickets and received his com
mission. Agent Gets CommiHlon,
The resident agents handle the lot
tery tickets on a commission basis
alone. The agent receives 10 per
cent of all money taken In by him.
He likewise receives from the com
pany 10 pec cent of all amounts his
clients may win. If, for Instance,
the white man should win a $2000
prize, the lottery company must like
wise pay his agent an additional $200.
Needless to say, the resident agent
depends largely upon the original 10
per cent rather than on his "cut" of
his patron's winnings. Otherwise he
could not exist.
To those who have never sought to
Uneel at the shrine of the fickle god
dess of chance, the modus operandi
f the Chinese lottery is difficult of
xplanation. A lottery ticket is a
mall square of paper containing 80
Minute Chinese characters which are
nothing in the young lives of the
players. The player takes a paint
brush and blots out either nine or ten
of these characters.
Big Winning Possible,
When the drawing is made 20 of
the 80 characters are selected by lot
tery. If the player has blotted out
five of the winning characters he
doubles his money. If he has blotted
out six of the numbers his winnings
are about six times the amount of
his investment. If, perchance, he
should etrike seven of the winning
numbers he collects $17.50 on a 10-
cent ticket. If the entire ten char
acters blotted out by the player
should be among the winning num
bers at the drawing, the player reaps
a rich harvest.
A close examination of the lottery
ticket will convince even the most
enthusiastic player that his chance ot
making a killing Is a remote one at
best. He might stake his watch and
chain on a Missouri mule in the Ken
tucky derby with about the same
chance for success. But it is that
everlasting lure of the chance of win
ning, several thousand dollars on the
Investment of a feipr dimes which
keeps the lottery player continually
at it.
Prominent Citizens Play.
Portland residents would get quite
a kick' out of a published list of
some of the city's prominent citizens
who are habitual lottery players.
iney laughingly ten or their expe
riences as though it were nothing
more than a lark, but those who have
played the lottery know different.
They know that the fascination of
the thing hoids these players In a
grip so strong that the awakening
will not come for months or years
afterward.
There are people who thought they
could figure out a way to beat the
lottery. But If such a thing were
possible it would have been discov
ered a few centuries ago and put ths
swindle completely out of business.
A certain group of spasmodic play
ers in Portland recently thought they
had "doped" out such a system. They
decided to give it a try. But after a
few attempts, with their funds badly
depleted, they gave it up as a bad
Job.
System Proves Failure.
There are hundreds of different
combinations which It is possible to
play on one lottery ticket For in
stance, there is what is known as
the way ticket." By paying addi
tional money It la possible to blot out
all of the 80 characters on a ticket
This group who thought they could
beat the lottery figured that by
marking a ticket with all of the
characters blotted out they were a
"cinch" to win. For with this sort
of ticket they would be sure of hav
ing ail of the 20 winning numbers.
This ticket is what is known as the
"120-way" ticket, and on the basis
of the usual 10-cent single-shot
ticket it costs $12.
The ticket is blocked off In squares
of five characters each. The player
is then allowed to select the number
of winning characters from any two
DISEASES KILL THOUSANDS
. OF COLONIES OF HONEY BEES
-
Effort Made to Lessen Hazard of Keeping or Investing in Swarms.
Protection Given to Other Industries.
BY EDGAR W. STAHL.
T
HOUSANDS of "stands" or col
onies of bees are lost In the
Pacific northwest every year
from bee diseases. The loss the pres
ent year was especially severe, many
professional beekeepers and ama
teurs losing their entire stock.
In an effort to lessen the hazard
of keeping or investing In bees, I am
writing this article.
Our laws make every provision for
the protection of human life against
contagious diseases; we have protec
tion for our orchards by compulsory
spraying of trees; livestock inspec
tors look after the welfare of stock,
horses, hogs, cattle, sheep and so on
down the line, but the industrious
little bees are left to suffer and die
from neglect, carelessness, thought
lessness and ignorance.
What could grow to a flourishing
Industry in the northwest is ham
pered and kept from materializing by
the man with one or a. tew hives of
bees who doesn't know or doesn't
care if his negligence causes losses
that run into the thousands and
stifles an infant industry in the
northwest.
Wintering Bees Discussed.
In the first place I want to say a
few words about wintering bees in
western Oregon.
Here we do not have the Intense
cold of the eastern and middle west
ern states, but we have the rainy,
damp weather whjch causes mould,
both of combs inside the hive and
packing between the regular hive
body and winter case.
Straw and leaves are largely used
TELEPHONE GIRLS FROM EAST
iTJsnssiMiiiiintriTiiii n in sn i 1 1 1 i mmm im mn
Flve telephone operators vrho collected food and soodles (or poor families at Chrlatmns timet Left to rlcht
Miss Dorothy Davln. Emma KoderitrAn. nnrl-n fnri T .,,1 1 1 (' n rlwrivh t H.lt. Kll mmA Kmm. U.k
y
While the rest of the city was busy
get for their own friends and what to do for the city's unfortunate, the telephone girls handled much more than j
the ordinary amount of switchboard business and did their wondering and worrying out of business hours.
On the day before Christmas five from the east side office of the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph company started I
out in an automobile at 4:30 o'clock in the afternoon and distributed baskets and bags of food and Christmas candy i
until 11:30 o'clock that night.
Through H. 13. Judy, the traffic cl-ief. tU office force had become interested in taking a hand In Christmas j
relief work. Managers of stores and wholesale houses were interviewed beforehand and contributed generously.
ah oi me nines receivea in tais way
distributed them.
I of these blocks of five. If the win-
ning characters should come bunched
with five of the lucky numbers in
one of. the blocked-off squares the
player would be certain to make a
good winning.
But this group playld this com
bination consistently for more than
a week and finally came to the
realization that they were up against
an unbeatable combination.
All but one or two of the 11 com
panies operating in Portland have' a
capital of $5000 for each lottery draw
ing. Although their profits in a
week may amount to more than that
amount, they have no additional cash
reserve. By this system If it should
possibly happen that players should
win much more than $5000 at a sin
gle drawing they would not receive
the full amount.. Although their
winnings might call for $10,000, they
would be compelled to acept half of
that amount in settlement. It is per
tinent to state right here that on
several occasions during the past
year the "Chink" agents have notified
the winning clients that the company
had gone "bloke" and that they
could not receive their entire win
nings.
Game Called Vicious.
According to a police lieutenant.
who has1 seen years of service in the
north end and Chinese sections, the
lottery la the most vicious form of
gambling extant today. This officer
does not believe the Chinese fan-tan
games should be molested because
there they gamble among themselves.
but In the lottery game they take
the money from white persons, who,
for the most part, can ill afford to
lose.
"In all my years of experience,
never have I seen a Chinaman mark
ing a lottery ticket," said this police
officer. "This in itself convinces me
that the game not only is unbeatable,
but that It Is crooked as well. If
the game were on the square you
can gamble that the Chinks would
Play it Just as strong as the whites,
for the orientals are all confirmed
gamblers."
It is a known fact that at least
seven lottery games are operating
within a block of the police station.
Now and then a raid is staged, and
the proprietor end players assessed
nominal police court fines. But in
spite of infrequent police interfer
ence the lottery games continue, the
Chinks continue to prosper, and the
players continue to hope and dream
of the big killing.
in the east, but here they gather
dampness and often do more damage
than good.
If winter cases are made five or six
inches larger all around than the
hive body, that Is to say, allowing
five or six Inches space at each end
and on each side, then sacks made
of burlap or other material stuffed
with shavings, placed in the sides,
ends and over the top, the bees
should winter nicely. On nice warm
days these sacks can be lifted out.
dried, if damp, and returned to place
But this will seldom be found neces
sary. Many good beekeepers do not use
winter cases at all, merely close en
trances to about Hx3-lnch space, use
queen excluders or small pieces of
wood placed across top-, of hive about
one, inch apart, and raised about
of an inch above frames by laying
strips this thickness on frames
in hives to support the other small
pieces. Then a super containing a
sack filled with wood shavings
placed on top of this, being careful
that there are no cracks between
super and brood chamber.
Room Must Be Left.
But room must be left between the
sacks and frames for the bees to cir
culate over tops of frames therefore
the queen excluders or, small pieces
of wood as mentioned.
The warmest place in the hive Is
at the top, therefore the bees nat
urally cluster there. For this reason
and the fact that all the moisture
from the bees, which is considerable,
rises to the top In vapor, then con-
geals, leaving drops of water, the
top should be protected even if the I
sides and ends are not.
.J"i "
SIDE OFFICE SPREAD JCHRISTMAS CHEER AMONGST POOR.
- '
planning Christmas and Deo Die were
were aiviaea into lamiiy allotments ana
But in western Oregon do not stuff
straw, leaves, paper or other pack
ing around your bees in a loose mass.
Take a little time and make sacks
so the packing can be taken out and
tiried without disturbing the bees.
I use no packing whatever, but
merely set my hives in the winter
cases with only the air space be
tween hive and winter case walls,
and I have litttle or no mouldy
combs in spring.
In either case contract entrance to
about three inches, as cold winds do
more damage to bees than cold
weather we ordinarily experience in ,
western uregon. ( A wina-oreas. 01
any kind is always most helpful.
A colony of bees well protected i
., n n- nHinat-v unnHitlnnfl will Pfimfl '
out strong in the spring and will be
in condition to take advantage of the
first blooms and repay the owner
for his care and expenditure. Not
only this, but the strong colony will
be In better condition to fight off
disease.
Disease Only Lately Found.
A few years ago It was thought bees
were practically free from disease. If
a colony died the reason was a-scribed
to cold weather or moth. But this has
been shown to be a mistake, for there
are at least four distinct diseases with
which the beekeeper must combat,
and "an ounce of prevention Is worth
a pound of cure." Two of these bee I
diseases are very contagious, and the I
man w'th a rew colonies 01 oees care
lessly cared for or merely left to
work out their own salvation in an old
box can cause all kinds of losses of
bees, money and time among the
beekeepers of a large area.
If you can afford a, colony of bees
you can certainly afford to keep them
in a modern hive with movable frames
with combs built from full sheets of
foundation, wired In. Also a winter
care or some protection from the
elements during our rainy season, ir
your bees are in old boxes they can
not be transferred to modern hives
until spring, but for humanity's sake
if for no other reason, get them Into
safe, sanitary, more remunerative
quarters as soon as possible, but don't
neglect to keep them warm this win
ter. A healthy human being is much
better able to resist contagious dis
eases than a weak, run-down person.
So It is with bees. Help them through
the winter and they will make every
effort to repay you next year.
The two most contagious bee dis
eases are known as American and
European "foul brood." These diseases
attack the larva, or "grub." The Eu
ropean kills larvae befgore it is sealed
over; the American after sealing
mostly. Both diseases are exceedingly
contagious.
Bees Disposed to Rob.
Unfortunately, bees re disposed to
rob from each other, and a weak
colony is not able to withstand the
constant attacks of all other bees, and
the Infection causing this weakness is
soon scattered by robbers to all bees
in the neighborhood and thus the
work of destruction goes on. -
Be sure your bees have plenty of
"stores" for the winter. It ordinarily
requires from 36 to 60 pounds of
honey to safely carry a colony through
the winter In this locality. One can
pretty surely guess the amount of
stores by lifting the hive.
If your bees are light in stores it la
now too late to feed sugar syrup for
reasons I have not space to explain.
but "be candy" can be fed.
To make "bee candy, into a dish of
hot water on the stove slowly pour an
equal amount of white sugar, stirring
constantly. Sugar must all be dis
solve! before boiling commences. Test
frequently by dropping a very little
of syrup Into cold water. When bulled
enough the drop of candy, when
cooled in water, should be hard and
brittle when taken out, but when
placed In the mouth It should soften
slightly, so it is tough. Pour syrup
immediately onto paraffined or waxed
paper on level table. Around sides
place small wooden sticks one-quarter
of an Inch thick to hold syrup and
regulate thickness of candy. Be par
ticular, very particular, not to Scorch
mixture, even cne slightest, as inis
might cause death of bees. As mixture
boils, lessen amount of heat, as when
cooked nearly enough there is great
danger of burning. Don't stir while
boiling.
These thinvsheets of candy can now
be placed on top of frames and cover
put on and your bees with light
stores will be saved from starvation.
In the early spring this candy will
also stimulate brood-rearing and a
strong colony should result, and as
I have said, a strong colony Is better
able to resist disease than a weak.
half-starved one. Anyone should be
able to make a winter case. Provide
for from five to six inches on sides,
ends and top. Any cheap lumber will
do. Boards nalledTin cross-pieces form
bottom. Bore three 94-inch and two
or ?4-lnch holes in front end of
case on a level with top of hive bot
tom board for the bees to get out.
Put front of hive bottom against
front of case and bridge over entrance
with small piece of wood, so packing
cannot obstruct entrance and so bees
cannot get between hive and winter
case. Any water-tight cover will an
swer. If your bees have been properly
prepared as advised, they need not be
looked into during the winter. If
your neighbor wants to open his hives
every warm day this winter Just be
cause he sees a few bees flying or
from uncontrollable curiosity as to
how the bees are doing, of course, let
him do it, but warn him that he will
get more pleasure and more honey
In the spring from live bees than he
possibly could from dead ones.
" ' " j . I
wondering and worrying about what to 1
oa inri-simas eve tne live centrals i
RESERVE FORCES BEING ORGANIZED AS PART
OF NATIONAL DEFENSE SYSTEM OF NEW ARMY
. .'
Oregon and Washington Will Supply Troops for One Division of Which Portland Is Headquarters Men Who
Held Commissions in World Conflict to Be in Command.
I . .
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FROM LEFT COLOXEL PEGRAM WH1TWORTH, ACTIXG CHIF.F OF ST.AFFi MAJOR M. P. ANDRUSS, ONE OF
HIS ASSISTAVrS, AND MAJOR HENRY AKIN. ACTIVE IN ORGANIZATION.
WHILE representatives
leading nations are in
ington, D. C, and ad
of all
Wash-
gton, L). c, and adopting
plans for the curbing of armaments,
the war department is following the
theory that even the most binding
documents are sometimes "scraps"
of paper and are building up an
organization defense that Is held
superior to anything the country
ever has known. It is carrying out
the provislorts of the new national
defense act, which makes the regular
army and the national guard units
the first line, while the organized
reserves form the emergency troops,
or those to be called only in case' of
dire necessity brought about only by
an actual declaration of war.
Portland is the cnosen home and
headquarters for the : Ninety-sixth
reserve division. Colonel Pagram
Whitworth. with a corps of assistants.
Is on the Job dally rounding up the
men who have held commissions in
the reserve corps and is skeletoniz
ing a division. Oregon and Washing
ton will supply the officers and the
troops for the unit.
Six Armies Are Available.
The plan under the national de
fense act calls for nine regular army
divisions, 18 national guard divisions
and 27 organized reserve divisions.
The tables of organization call for
three divisions to one corps and three
corps to one army. In time of war,
under the plan, the United States
coul-d place in the field six well
trained armies, or 54 divisions.
During the late war the divisions
from the United States were larger
from the standpoint of numbers than
any of the organizations of the allies.
They numbered more than 27,000 men
and officers. For that reason they
were more difficult to move. The new
tables of organization call for 19,000
men and officers ir. a division. Com
panies that were composed of 250 men
each, during the war, have been cut
to 200 men.
Two artillery regiments now con
stitute a brigade, whereas under war
time administration three regiments
were brigaded as a unit. The regi
ments will carry the light French 75.
The district composed of the inter-
VALUE OF STOCK EXPOSITION
TOLD IN ESSAYS' BY PUPILS
Youths Impress Adults With Descriptions of Exhibits of Pure-bred
Animals Benefits to Northwest Emphasized.
ADULTS have an opportunity to
get the viewpoint of the young
er generation's mind from prize
essays written by George E. Trof
fiter, age 11, pupil of the Tigard
school and resident of Bcaverton, Or.;
Rex Jones of the James John high
school, Portland, and Virgie M. Por
ter, sixth A. Kenton school, this city
Each won $25, given by the manage
ment of the Pacific International
Livestock exposition for the best ar
ticles on the value of purebred stock
In the northwest and the value of the
exposition as related thereto.
The prizes were open to any pupil
in the fifth and sixth-grade classes,
seventh and eighth-grade classes and
the high schoolB, the only require
ment being that the writer be certi
fied by his or her teacher as having
attended the big livestock exposition,
which was held here last November.
The Judges were members of the fac
ulty of the Oregon Agricultural col
lege, supervised by H. C. Seymour,
who has charge of all club work
among children. About 100 essays
were submitted, all worthy of special
mention. Decisions have Just been
made and the prizes awarded.
O. M. Plummer, general manager
of the exposition, personally delivered
the prize check of $25 to little Miss
Porter, whose family lives at Benton,
not far from the scene of the big
show. He did up ths precious paper
in a be-rlbboned box, with a nice Ut
ter, which the little girl received.
She won the money in the fifth-to-
slxth-grade class.
Rex Jones won the cash in the high
school class and Master Trofflter in
the seventh-eighth-grade class.
Miss Porter's essay follows:
"The purebred livestock show is a
very interesting thing that helps to
make Portland grow and neips out
many farmers. This livestock show
building alone covers over ten acres.
In the building they have horses, cat
tle, pigs, sheep, chickens and many
other valuable things. The farmers
from all over the United States bring
their best livestock here. Also Can
ada sends wonderful horses, some of
which took the prize this year. This
will help out many a Canadian. All
the people who attend the. stock show
saw these horses. If they liked them,
they might send to Canada for them.
Of course, all the best didn't coma
from Canada, but they sent a few
saddle poinies and a few work horses.
"There were other horses, especial
ly the stallions, which were very good
horses, so large and beautiful.
These horses are very smart. The
have been trained to do many things.
Then there, was the wonderful girl
wder from Canada. Such marvelous
things her pony did! It has taken a
blue ribbon for quite a few years.
Another thing is the cattle that
are Drougnt in in large numoers.
These cattle are the very best of
stock. Ffj example, the Jerseys.
These are very good mMk and but-
These are very good mK and out-
tor rnwa There was one Jersev cow
that I noticed patrlcularly. She had
a very small calf at her side. It was
as fat as it could be. This cow gave
four gallons of milk and a quart of
cream When this calf was put up to
sell It sold at a high price. Why?
Because its mother was such a good
cow.
I "That shows If a nan takes a few
Rocky mountain country and the Pa -
cific coast has been designated as the
9th corps area. Here, under the plans
of the war department, a corps of
troops will be formed.
Northwest One Division.
In time of war the 96th division
will spring from Oregon and Wash
ington. The 91st will come from Cali
fornia and the 104th from Utah, Idaho,
Wyoming, Montana and Nevada. Also,
there will be two divisions of the na
tional guard In this district. They
have been designated as the 40th and
41st divisions.
The national defense act calls for
the regular army and national guard
divisions to be ready for active duty
at a moment's notice. They can be
called out for strike duty or any other
emergency. The organized reserves
cannot be called other than during
actual war emergency.
While no money has been appro
priated for the training of the or
ganized reserve troops it is the plan
of the war department to establish
training camps each year, vJiere all
of the officers and men of the units
may go for a two weeks' period of
training. This training, however,
will be optional with the men who
are members of the reserves.
Previous Service Necessary.
No men who have not had previous
military training are entitled to mem
bership in the organized reserves.
Even the privates must have had pre
vious military service before they can
enlist.
In making up his skeletonized 96th
division. Colonel Whitworth is first
choosing the officers. He has been
supplied with a list of all of the
men who served during the war with
commissioned ranks and is dally mak.
Ing ready to assign them to units.
As soon as the officers have 'been
chosen a selection of non-commissioned
officers will be made, and
then will follow the recruiting of the
privates.
Ex-non-commlslsoned officers and
privates may make application for
commissions if their previous service
has been such that they are deemed
qualified. They must-accept a sec
ond lieutenant's commission as the
first step and after one year they are
eligible for promotion, providing they
of his cattle and they sell well he
is apt to sell all ot the rest at a good
figure.
"Then there were other cows, such
as the Holstelns and Guernseys, which
are very good milk cows, but do not
come up with the Jerseys. The steers
are used for beef. They have to use
some of them for beef or else they
wouldn't have any beef.
"The sheep Is another very Impor
tant animal. We use the sheep for
meat and its wool for many other
things. They bring these Bheep from
many places. The farmers take very
good care of them. The sheep hides
are used for shoes and many other
purposes. The Angora sheepskins
make good fur gloves.
"A fine display of poultry is also
seen. The peofle that bring chick
ens are bringing a very valuable
thing. The White Leghorns are the
best layers. They would lay all win
ter if they had good food and a nice,
clean and warm place. The Rhode
Island Beds and Plymouth Rocks are
the best kind to eat. The Leghorns
are not very good to east, as they are
so small. One should .feed chickens
three times a day and there should be
one warm meal. In the winter, feed
them plenty of corn, wheat, barley,
mash and most any kind of grains.
The hens that lay big eggs are the
purebreds. The Rhode Island roost
ers are usually well thought of.
"The pigs were very Interesting
this year. They were very large and
healthy. The farmers brought pigs
from all over the United States. A
KELSO RESIDENTS OBSERVE GOLDEN WEDDING.
Pratt's Studio.
Hit. AND MRS. OSCAR ROSWELL,
KELSO, Wash., Dec. 31. (Special.) Christmas was made the occasion
of the golden wedding observation of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Roswell of this
city, whose SOth wedding anniversary was December 21. They were married
at Simco. Ontario, Canada, December 21, 1871: They have been Cowlitz
county residents since 1888. With the exception of a son, F. C. Roswell, and
family of Lodi, Cal., and two grandsons, all members of the family were
present. Those attending the reunion were: Mrs. Cora M. Brown. Berkeley,
Cal.; Miss Lillian Roswell of New York city, Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Buford and
family of Kelso. Mr. and Mrs. C J. Roswell ot Portland, Or., and Oscar
Roswell of Lodi, Cal.
have made sufficient progress with
their work and have proven them-
'selves qualified.
Officers accepting commissions in
the reserve corps must be willing to
step back Into the rank they held
when last in service. They, by hard
work and effort, may, at the end of
a year's time, take an examination
and qualify themselves for promo
tion tfj the next higher grade.
In addition to the division troops
that have been allocated to the var
ious sections of Oregon and Wash
ington where are to Irte corps, army
and general headquarters troops.
When the first announcement of
troops for this, state was made by
Colonel Whitworth, several sections
and cities were not mentioned as hav
ing troops.- Bend was one of these.
This city's portion will be composed
of army, corps or general headquar
ters troops. These will be either
artillery, headquarters, aviation or
other units. The allocation of such
of these troops as will come to Ore
gon have not been made, but Colonel
Whitworth is daily expecting an an
nouncement of them.
There will be no section of the state
that has any great population that
will be overlooked in the ultimate or
ganization of the reserve troops.
Portland Officers Aiiltcnrd.
Portland officers of the reserve
corps are already being assigned to
their skeletonized units, through or
ders from the headquarters of Major
Qeneral William M. Wright, com
manding the 9th army corps. Among
those who have been assigned are
Colonel Gordon Voorhles, Colonel Carl
Abrams, Lieutenant-Colonel Dan J.
Coman, Lieutenant-Colonel E. C.
Summons, Lieutenant-Colonel James J.
Crossley. Major Lester Humphreys,
Major Jacob Kanzler, Major Henry
C. R. Akin, Major Loren A. Bowman,
Major Clarence R. Hotchklss and
Major Charles M. Hodges.
Colonel Voorhies, who was with the
91st division during the world war,
will command the 382d infantry of
the 96th organized reserves and
Colonel Abrams has been assigned to
command the 381st' infantry.
Under the new tables of organiza
tion for an infantry regiment, lieutenant-colonels
command battalions,
whereas during the war these com
mands fell to majors.
farmer may bring one big pig and
two or three small ones. If the big
pig is a large, healthy, well-bred pig
and takes the prize, the smaller ones
are' bound to sell well. If a man
wants to buy one and they are all
gone, he may send all the way to
Ohio after It. The pigs are very
valuable In many ways. They are
noted especially for meat. They
should have a big field to run In, lots
of food, water and air. The pigs need
very much care, because there are
millions of people depending on the
farmers producing them."
George E. Trofitter's essay:
"I have gone to the livestock show
every year since I was 4 years old,
but the show of 1921 was the largest
and best of all. There were so many
things to see and learn about that I
wish It hud lasted a month. I was
much Interested In the livestock; I ad
mired the Guernseys for the reason
that we have a Guernsey cow and
heifer at home, and I know what fine
cows they are. As I was going home
one evening I parsed the entrance
of the big arena and saw the Guern
sey parade of all the ribbon winners
and grand champions pass in review,
and it was a fine parade.
"The little Jerseys next to them
were just as fine, though, and were
the best to be found. I also enjoyed
seeing the men clipping them, polish
ing their horns and curling their
tails. I also saw some of them get
ting a bath.
"There were some very fine Hoi
steins, both from the standpoint of
beef and milk production. There were
a dandy bunch of Ayrshires. I ad
mire them, but like to keen, at i
good distance because the horns look
very dangerous.
"The Aberdeen - Angus and the
Shorthorns are wonderful beef types.
I never realized how large they grew
until I saw them at the show.
"There were many breeds of hogs,
uoh as Berkshlrea. Hampshires, Du
roc-Jerseys, Chester Whites and Po
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$ jS VW , 4 1
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I land-Chinas. Most or them were
I purebred, and they looked it. too.
I "There were many fine specimens
! of sheep. I watched tne men put
. ting ochre on them to color the wool,
and clipping them, and they looked
I fine when they got .through,
i "The goats were very fine In milk;
; production, wool and butting qualifl
! cations.
"The horses were the finest I have
ever seen. There wore the stallions,
mares. Jumping horses, some Shet
land ponies, some trick horses and I
also saw the Jacks and jennies, and
I was sorry that I could not see the
horse show eaclf night.
"I spent a great deal of time In
the poultry and rabbit department
and it was the noisiest part of the
show. But In spite of the noise, there
were some fine animals. There wero
some fine specimens of rabbits; the
different breeds were New Zealanda,
Belgians, Flemish Giants. Hlmalayans
and Champalgne d'Argents. I believe
that the judges of the rabbits andi
poultry wero partial to the colored
race, because a black rabbit took
grand championship and In the chick
en department a. Black Minorca two
grand championships.
"The land products show appealed
to me, because of the large apples,
also cranberries from Clatsop coun
ty; and I believe my turkeys would
have liked to have had the corn from
Malheur, county; It certainly looked
good enough to eat.
"Because I am a member of one
of the boys' and girls' clubs, I found
the club department very interest
ing; and if anyone had better rabbits,
poultry, sheep, goats, hogs, cows,
calves and land products In the show,
I did not see them. The old breeders
had better look out, or we will take
all the blue ribbons next time.
"If tho show officials want a
larger and better show next -year, I
know the boys' and girls' clubs of
Oregon will help them make It so."
Following is Rex Jones' essay:
The purposes of the Pacific Intern
national livestock exposition are nu
merous, as might bo expected from
such a large and important exposi
tion. Starting in 1!H0 with prac
tically no ground and very little
money, it has grown so rapidly that
in 1921 It occupied the largest per
manent exposition building of its
kind in the world, and offered $75,000
In prizes. The exposition brings to
gether under one roof thu greatest
educational and money wealth of
produce and livestock In tho whole
world. ,
"The exhibits, especially those from
the United States biological depart
ment and from the Oregon Agricul
tural college, were an 'education in
themselves,' an the saying goes.
"N'o one' can possibly know all
about breeding and stock farming, no
matter how wise ho may be; but he
has the power to learn more and
more, and nowhere elsa can he get
so many ideas and learn so mucli as
he can at the exposition. ' Here stoek
men and broeders from all over the
continent meet and discuss the vari
ous ideas and developments from
their respective districts. Each learns
something from the other and all are
benefited. But think what far
reaching results those, benefits pro
duce. When the stockman gets an
ldoa that ia of real benefit in li la
experiments he makes another step
toward the development of something
beneficial to the whole of mnnklnd.
"Old breeders, however, are not ths
only ones who benefit directly from
the exposition. New breeders are en
couraged, and they soon become ablo
to develop new and better stock and
become the 'old breeders' of tho
future.
"As an exchange, the exposition
furnishes unrivaled opportunities for
well-directed buying and soiling. The
best stock in tho country Is assembled
and a great deal of It Is for sale. If
a man wishes to buy some eow, for
instance, he may go to the exposition
and take his nick. iviy that this
pick' the cows best suited for his
purpose como from New York state,
lie lives m Oregon. How. except
through such an exposition, could lis
have found tlioso ideal cows? l'lulnly,
he could not havo found them.
"Tho value of pure-bred livestock
Is now tilmost unquestioned. .Scien
tific breeding, done In ncordance with
certain scientific principles, Is the
only practical way of obtaining really
pure-bred livestock. The must inv
portant of these laws, those of.
Gregor Metidcll, are worth consider
ing. "Mondell found that certain char
acters in plants and animal wers
dominant, othors recessive. For ex
ample. If tall green peas are crossed
with short yellow peas the descend
ants will be tail yellow peas. Thus
animals can be bred for points, since
dominant characters of the parents
will show in the offspring. The law
of unit characters states that hybrid
or offspring will have all of a cer
tain character as it is found in ons
parent, not a cross between tho par
ents as found In both parents. The
law of segregation, as worked out
by Mendel!, was that the hybrid, no ,
matter how much It may resemble
the parent. Is not a real or sure or
ganism, slnco it cannot reproduce
itsulf In offspring of exactly ths
same character of the parent.
"The value of breeding In livestock:
Is immense. In tho first place., it
increases the supply of food. When
a person has visited tho exposition
and seen the Immense beef cattle and
hogs he cannot doubt this statement.
Besides developing the size of stocK,
breeding develops Immunity to dis
eases and thus decreases the loss of
food. Breeding Increases tho wool
supply and develops the textile In
dustry. Breeding develops strength
and speed in horses. Competition,
friendly competition of the best kind.
Is croiiji'd and butter stock la de
veloped. "By attending the exposition many
people become Interested in slock
raising and new breeders are devel
oped. An Interesting avocation la
opened for business men also.
"The exposition is ot jjreat value
to the northwest in countless ways,
and Portland benefits directly. There
fore, every good citizen should sup
port it."
Ijeglon Stages Minstrel Show.
BROWNSVILLE, Or., Dec. 81.
(Special.) A largo crowd greeted the
negro nlnstrels of the local legion
post in their big programme of com
edy and song given for the benefit of
the community house in the Oddfel
lows hall here last night. The boys
hnd practiced one month.
ARTIFICIAL
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and imtmnoo. Nahusl moooo, dctrjidkedatm.
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Free TiiaL Large aMortnusi n U. S. Send
Dames oi all you know who wear aa artificial
ere (or dee booklet east aesled (.lain envelope.
DENVER OPTIC CO.
SIS Bnrclay Block, Drnver, Colo.
A 1 .1 STONES
Dr. K. E. Paddock, a physician of
Kansas City, Mo., is giving away free,
an illustrated book that tells how
hundreds of people have obtained
wonderful results from a simple home
method of treatpient In cases of In
flammation and catarrh of the gall
bladder and bile ducts as associated
with gall stones. Just send came to
Dr. hi. K. l'aldocfc, llox P. it. 201.
Kansas City. Mo,
r
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