s
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, APRIL 17, 1921
- his pr
was included in a Bale in 1848
PettygTove of a half interest in
Dronertv to Daniel H. I.nwnsrialo
Esr.lBUsHLD BV UE.nrv L. riTTOCK. Jn ten years the assessed value of
Pubi!f.h by Tne Oreg-onian Publishing Co.. Port land property increased to
r I vA7,v." ; J2.083.420. The city, growing rap.
Manager. Kditor. idly, in 1861 boasted fourteen hotels,
The Orexonlan Is a member of the Awo- twelve Other eating: places. two
ciaiea rret-s. 1 he Associated rreta la ex- l.unkn unH fiftv fivo L.,i. mv a
clu.ively entitled to the ue for publication lanKS ana fifty-five saloons. There
of ! news dlt-r-aichra credited to It or not were eleven pr.ysicians, tnree drug
.i. . -i creou ki.'I 'i11; m-.J; P8ts and twenty-two lawyers. The
of publication of special dispatches herein j first rea! estate boom, was noted
are also reserved. j about 1863. when the following com-
; nient on the needs of the commu-
Subx-ripUoa Rate Invariably in Advance. nity was made by The Oregonlan:
tBy Mail. i j -'Eighteen months ago any number
ially, Sunday Included, one ear fs.no , j k...... rtt, . . Vl. -,,. ,
Daily. SundaJ Included, .ii months... 4 .25 vacant houses could be found in
Kaily. Sundav Included, three months. 2.2i te City, but today scarcely a Phell
tttl&?; (un oaineJ .ufficJent to shelter
Daily, without Sunday. ix months... s.M a small family. A census taken in
the
pop
ulation of 4067. The publishers said
-a,'L'i wlthout Sunda. -nt i"""0 J (1" that year by the publishers of
Sunflay.'o'M ye:::::.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'".' aisuji'rst city directory disclosed a
(By Carrier.) ciation of iJbt. The publishers
Dally. Sunday Included, one year 19-00 j that while the directory was being
Daliy, Sunday Included, three months. 2.2J printed this numbsr lnerorl nrnh
Daitv. Sunday Included, one month 75 , l1'""" mis numoer increased, pron-
Dally. without Sunday, one year .M , f.bly to 6000. The Census Of 18,60
Daily, without Sunday, three months. J .!."! vj .........j "oi7 ., v.., 1 i'ct
Itailt- alth.nl W.inHaL- n mnnth ' v 1 1 V. 1. 1
h. t Rmii Krnri nMtorr.c money I w ere adult white men and 670 adul
ordnr. expreMt or personal chck on your white women. The School popula
t.on of the district in 1860 was 716
local bank. Ktamns. citn or currency ar
ar ofner'i rink. Jie pofttorfivw adurei Id
full, including- county and taje.
Ptafte Rat 1 to IK pffe. 1 ont; ( HAVK IMYMUIIT.
( n h. .. rnnlc 31 In 4S nUEPl. 2
cnu; so to' 64 paRH, 4 cpnt; h to Su J Partial discontinuance of statu
Foreign poMaxe double rat-. tory daylight saving, on the ground
Kivtrrn Buine offire vrree & Conk- that It was a war measure only, need
Conkhn. steeer bull, ilns. Chic-mo; r- not deter those who have realized
re .& Conkiin. Free f'r huliilms. re-' 'ts benefits from practicing day
buirding. Portland: San Francisco raire
en;aliie. K. J. Bldwrll.
KAR1.V PORTLAND.
Tle seventieth anniversary of the
organization of the Portland city
government is a reminder of the
n.odesrty as well as of the enterprise
of Its founders. There is an inter
esting letter in the archives of the
Oregon Historical society in which
thi tratt is brought out. In com
municating to the legislature the
desire of the people to obtain a
charter for a city government, their
spokesman said that if the legisla
tors In their wisdom should regard
I'ortland's aspirations as too lofty.
the people would be entirely con
tent with incorporation as a town
or village. The law-making body,
however, seems to Have been un
embarrassed by doubt as to Port
land's fitness for full city govern
ment. The charter was granted, the
first city election was held on April
7. 1851, the city was formally or
ganized'some days later, and It has
ever since then continued to in
crease in Mature.
It will be recalled hy only a few
pioneers that almost the first ksue
that confronted makers of Portland
was the establishment of commerce,
ty water and land. Coincldentally
with organization of the municipal
so far as is compatible with their
employments. The value of light
ar a preventive of disease and
stimulant of health is only begin
ning to be recognized. A physician
addressing a daylight-saving confer
ence in New Tork recently said tfiat
he believed that by getting up an
hour earlier in the morning and go
ing to bed an hour earlier at night
the average man would add years to
his life.
- The old adage beginning "early
to bed." had a solid foundation on
science. The morning, moreover,
is the period of choice for the gar
dener to swat the weeds, and for a
multitude of other swiall duties that
men customarily put off until they
return from work and then neglect.
As a health measure daylight sav
ing might well have been enforced,
but since it has been repealed a lit
t'e more has been left to individual
enterprise, that is all.
an arrangement with Captain J. it.
Couch to dispatch the brig Emma
Preston to Canton. This was the
first direct communication between
Portland and the Orient, although
the Asiatic trade had been an Im
portant factor in the discovery and
early exploration of Oregon. Within
a short time thereafter Portland cit
izens also bought a large interest in
the steamer Gold Hunter, with
view of establishing a regular trade
with Pan Francisco. The venture
waa not a financial success, but it
pioneered the way for others which
were.
One of the earliest enterprises
initiated by Portland citizens was
a road from the city to the Tua
latin valley. There seems to have
been a vague means of egress by
land, but the annals of the period
indicated that it was unsatisfactory.
There is. Tor example, ' the record
left by a diarist of 1848, In which it
is related that travel in the im
mediate vicinity of the city was
r.eset by many dangers. "The
woods." said a writer In that year.
"are infested with wolves, panthers,
wildcats and bears." The remote
fastnesses, four or five miles back
from the corner of what are now
Front and Washington streets, were
unsafe at night, because of these
prowling animals. Nine miles was
regarded a good day's journey by
team, because of the condition of the
ground. Walking was popular be
cause it was more apt to get the
traveler to his destination. The
growth of timber over what now
constitutes the greater part of the
business district, as well as the pres
ent residential sections, stirred the
amazement of every visitor.
Nothing short of the profoundest
cptimism could have triumphed over
the physical obstacles of the period.
Evidence that this was not lacking
was found in the early files of the
Weekly Oregonian, whose history is
practically coequal to that of the
municipality. Portland was then
described as a town that "has sprung
into existence within an incredibly
short space of time. The buildings.
n.ostly new," said the writer,, "are
ot good style and taste, which with
their white coats of paint, contrasted
with the brown and dingy appear
ance of towns generally on the Pa
cific coast, give it a most homelike
aspect." This was the beginning of
community pride, which has been
pretty well maintained for almost
three-quarters of a century. The
editor said of the citizens of Port
land: "The property owners, by
their industry And liberality, are
manifesting an earnest of the fu
ture destiny of the place. The in
habitants, for intelligence and moral
vorth, are not surpassed by any in
the eastern states."
The population of Portland when
the municipality was formally organ
ized was in the neighborhood of 500.
The settlement had been nearly de
populated by the gold rush to Cal
ifornia in 1848 and 1849. About
this time A. 1 1-ovejoy, one of the
original locators on the site where
Portland stood, sold half of his in
terest in the townsite to Benjamin
Stark, who had brought the news
of tha settlement of the Oregon
boundary question to Portland from
the Sandwich islands on the bark
Toulon in 1846. William Overton.
Lovejoy's partner in the original lo
cation, which was selected in 184S
and occupied in the following year,
had sold his interest to F. W. Pet-
lygrove. and Lovejoy and Petty-
Srove may be regarded as the pio-
ceer town builders, although it was
trverton who gave the city its name.
The familiar tale of the. tossing of
a penny for choice between Portland
and Boston is sufficiently authenti
cated; but there Is an equally In
teresting stcry concerning the con
tention that Overton advanced in fa
vor of the name Portland. Over
ton urged that It was particularly
appropriate because the settlement
was destined to be the port at which
shippers would eventually land all
freight coming by sea. Almost im
mediately after the first house was
completed, building of a dock was
IT MIGHT HAVK BEEN 1TORSK.
As the American people think of
depressed industry, many unem
ployed, wage reductions. low prices
fcr farm products, prices not yet
normal fir other products, railroads
without dividends or even interest.
ships tied up for lack of cargoes.
count. waa more fortunate in his ex
periences. He admits that he was
greatly amazed by 'observing stu
dents who cheerfully entered the
service of hotels and restaurants as
waiters in order to earn enough dur
ing the summer months to keep
them during the winter. He noted
'hat these waiters did not seem to
te ashamed of the menial duties of
their occupation. He adds: '
They, wore 'the waiter'! outfit, served
tha guests and removed the dishes from
the table, all without the slig-htest em
barrassment; but once the meal waa over,
they would charge their clothes, some
times put on their rraternity insignia,
court the (irla who stayed at the hotel,
walk with them In the park, play tennis,
etc. Then when mealtime came they
would agair put on their regulation outfit
and be metumorphosed into waiters. This
la altogether Impossible in Russia. Our
students would live on ten or twenty
rubles a mof.th. or even starve, rather
than demean themaelves by doing the
work of a servant. This probably holds
true of other Kuropcvn countries.
Here Count Witte discovered a
fact about America which he failed
do In his quest of eatable food
et it does not seem to have oc
curred to him that the diet that pro
f'uees that kind of democracy must
contain about all the elements worth
while.
in books for juveniles. The tend- ; cities on that day, co-operates with
ency has been toward a greater real- ! the communist party and the indus
icm, and recognition of the fact that, ' rial workers of the world and wRh
much sooner than many of his eld- them will conduct a Campaign for
ers suspect, tne youth begins to have the "one big union" from ten prin-
ratner definite aspirations. There cipal cities.
has been a noteworthy change dur- , During the last three months of
n.g the present decade in the char- ' the Wilson administration about 300
scter of the boy's book. The boy , notorious reds from various Euro
in business and industry claims more pean countries seized their last
attention from his fellows than i chance' to come to this country un
would have been thought possible i molested, and 100 of them attended
only a litjle while ago. Inclusion in J a meeting in Brooklyn early in
a recent publisher s list of an un- March.
piecedented number of books that! Amnesty implies that the person
convey a good deal of information of j to whom it is granted will cease
teal use to the boy in choosing a ) hostile action against the govern-
career is significant of several things. 1 ment that grants it; it should work
income taxes and a huge national
iiy, Portland merchants entered into Klebt, they may think they are hav
ing hard times, isut it mignt nave
been worse.
All the railroads, all the docks
and all the coal mines might have
been tied up. as was the prospect In
Britain, with the number of Idle
men more than doubled by the ef
fect of the strike on general Indus
try, and this might have happened
when the country depended on im
ports for four-fifths of ita food.
The greatest Industrial and min
ing section of the . country might
have been laid waste by war. as In
France, and the nation, already In
debt to apparent limit, might have
to borrow billions more to pay for
reconstruction, and at the same time
to keep a great army in the field
as a guard against a defeated but
uefiant enemy.
The people might have been so
bitterly divided that every city
would have been the scene of fac
tion fights marked" by shooting.
bombing and Incendiarism, similar
to the fights betwe&n the socialists
and fascist! In Italy.
A large proportion of the popula
tion, infected with typhus, without
food or with very little, without fuel
and with only cotton garments
might have been living in caves dug
in the hillsides in zero weather, as
in Poland.
We might have returned to a coun
try so ravaged by the enemy that, as
in Serbia, whole towns were wrecked
and even the graves had been robbed,
and that 10 per cent of the popula
tion were orphan children.
We might have two consecutive
crop failures, as in North China, and
might have been reduced to eating
leaves and bark and to wearing a
single cotton garment In midwinter.
If we had had a dictatorship of
the proletariat, we might have been
in the same condition as the people
ot Russia.
Most certainly It might have been
worse, very much worse.
I.IBOK AND KUI CATION.
Discussion of motives which have
aroused labor leaders to the neces
sity for spjeflding education among
workers Is apt to give less credit
than is deserved lo a wlde9pread
desire to meet the increasing tech
nical requirements of the time. It
is a narrow view that assumes that
the movement is at bottom a scheme
rfor spreading social propaganda of
m particular kind. There Is general
ealization. which was awakened by
the world war, that we are living in
an age requiring skilled workmen.
and in which, ignorance is at a
greater discount than it ever was
in history. If there Is an undercur
lent of belief, in some quarters that
industry eventually is to yield to the
nrorker a greater share of its prod
ucts, then it is a good sign if workers
are seriously trying to prepare them
selves to meet the responsibility.
The fiiit national conference on
workers' education, held recently in
New York, showed that no fewer
han twenty-four labor educational
enterprises' are in operation in twen-
y-two cities, and that the number
of students enrolled is growing
steadily. The co-operation of trades
unions and colleges also has a ten
dency to prevent the drawing of
class distinctions and to establish the
prfhciple of democracy in education
A judicious distribution of vocational
nd humanistic studies is also ob
servable in the new curricula, ateo
an excellent Indication.
The problems of the future will
be settled by men and women who
have been trained to work and to
think. The chances that they will
be settled right are largely increased
by disposition to regard those who
ure educated, not as a kind of aris
tocracy whose interests are distinct
from those of. the ordinary run of
men, but as a group to which all
may spire who will make the ef
fort. Not only the abolition of Illi
teracy, but attainment of the highest
possible degree of social and econo
mic efficiency, is promised by the
movement to close the last gap in
tne national educational scheme.
One of these is that the tendency
to underestimate tha boy's capacity
is being overcome. The other Is
fnat. being permitted more than
:'irmerly to make his choice, with
the aid of trained librarians, he Is
making a wiser choice than his
ti.entors did for him when the Rollo
books were on the shelves in every
r.ome. The new stories of aviation,
written for boys, for example, prom
pe to be as accurate in their infor
mation as they are thrilling in their
adventures. If it cannot be said
with truth that the same principle
prplles to recent books for girls, the
situation is not without hope. The
corresponding type of girls' stories
has not yet been developed, but we
tv.ink it will be. . Femininity is not
1'kely to be neglected in the pres
ent age.
both ways. Before It is granted to
Debs, Berger, Haywood and their
l'ke. It would be advisable to as
certain their affiliations with the
various organizations which fol-
,'owed up their work in behalf of
Germany with efforts In support of
the third international to cause rev
olution. Haywood in particular was
sentenced two and a half years ago.
but has been at large pursuing his
revolutionary activity, and the su
preme court confirmed his sentence
to prison only a few days ago. To
grant him amnesty would make the
l;.w a laughing stock to the reds.
THE DIET Or A DEMCIKACY.
The posthumous memoirs of Count
Sergius Witte, minister of finance
and premier of Russia under the last
of the Czars, illustrate the difficult
its that beset a distinguished vis
itor in obtaining a true Impression
o! any foreign country. Count Witte
was one of the commissioners who
determined the peace of Portsmouth,
which terminated the Russo-Japan
ese war, and he writes in the cur
rent number of World's Work:
During my stay n tha United States I
ate only one aecent luncneon and dinner,
and that was on fcoard Morgan's yacht,
on the day of my visit to West Point. At
the hotel we paid fabulous sums for our
dinner (30 to 40 rubles per plate), and yet
the food waa exceedingly bad.
The verdict of a foreign visitor Is
a reflection upon not only the hotels
of Portsmouth, which may have been
overcrowded and too busy to give
attention to the minor details of
cuisine, but also on those of New
York and Washington, whiqh .the
count also visited. Yet one cannot
forego the wish that before he left
the country with so poor an impres
slon of American cooking he might
have tried elsewhere than at the
great hotels.
Notwithstanding the prevailing
notion that one must always go
t-broad for really good cooking,
there probably is not a country in
the world in which the art has
reached a higher state of perfection
in the home than in the United
States. Wre have no national dish
except at Thanksgiving and Christ
uias but we make up for that In
the variety of local dishes in which
our cooks excel. Pie, which Is hard
ly known in Europe, is not the only
toothsome delicacy to make a trip
to America worth while. Within a
few miles of Portsmouth Ccunt Witte
could have obtained a rial New
England dinner that ought to please
a. visitor whose national dish is cab
bage soup. We suspect that during all
his stay he never once partook of
southern corn bread, or Philadelphia
fcrapple, or chicken a la Maryland.
of green corn on the cob, that he
missed the joys of currant jelly and
cranberry sauce, and that he never
tasted mince pie or real homemade
planned. This dock, at the foot of : bread.
Washington street, completed la 1 la other r&ypects. however, the
s
IHILDfcKVS BOOKS.
The reaction from juvenile books
that point a moral Is one of the
hopeful signs of the times. Better
ways have been found for Inculcat
ing the principles of good conduct
than were in vogue some time ago.
Nothing Is more enlightening as to
the development of sound teaching
nothing since the first picture
books of Comenhis than the im
provement in children's literature in
the past few decades. But it is also
perhaps an indication that children
have asserted themselves. Educa
tion and the character of juvenile
reading have developed contempo
raneously; and it is a pleasing fancy
that youngsters nowadays are doing
their own thinking more than they
have ever done before.
There appears, "for example. In a
recent review of the juveniles of a
century or so ago an interestin
reference to the type of literature
on which boys and girls were regaled
in that time. The book always con
talned a moral lesson.- "You never
told us of your accident before,
siid Agnes, addressing George. "Were
you much hurt?" "It was very pain
ful at the time," replies George,
"but it was not worth, while to make
mamma uneasy for such a trifle."
And Agnes also is made to moralize,
Even a visit to the pigsty on the
tarm is a temptation to didacticism.
Walter wishes that his friend Master
Harding might see the pigs "they
might cure him of his gluttony.'
But, "hush." says Agnes, i"we must
rot speak ill of the absent. I.et us
rather learn the hatefulness of glut
tony, the pleasure of giving to others
and living together in love and
peace."
It will be conceded that a good
many morals have been thus com
pressed into a single episode, but one
cannot help wondering what the
boys and girls must have bsen like
who were edified by these tales of
such unnatural children. And we
shall always wonder more at the au
thors who wrote those books and at
the parents who put them into chil
dren's hands. As long as fifty years
ago, Thomas Mayne Held began
revolutionizing literature for boys,
but the way had been prepared for
h'm by Captain Mafryatt,. the "Dick
ens of the sea," who was among the
first to discover that the judgment
of a younster was worth taking into
account. "I would sooner take the
opinion of a child -than that of the
critics -on a book of mine," said
Marryatt. Reid, who followed him,
ha'd a glimpse of the child's true
capacity, when he wrote: "That this
book may Interest them so as to
rival their affections for the top,
the ball and the kite, that it may
iT.press them so as to create a taste
for the most refining study of na
ture; that it may benefit them 'by
'legettlng a fondness for books the
antidote for idleness and vice Is
the sincere wish of their friend, the
cuthor." But Reid defeated his
own' purpose by interlarding his
tales with instructive passages,
which were too easily skipped. The
art of making the book for boys
realistic and educational, without a
'co obvious moralizing, is somewhat
later than the time of Reid. Even
"Swiss Family Robinson," one of
the most popular of children's books
of the preceding century, was not
s'uiltless of this. The vogue of "Rob
inson Crusoe" as a children's book.
r-lthough it was written for adults,
ought to have opened the eyes of the
publishers long before it did.
The very good child and the very
tad one probably have had their day
.11 Ml I. LAN 8 ARCTIC VENT! RE.
Donald B. MacMillan's choice of
essel in which he will sail in July
to explore the Arctic regions Is a
vindication of the sound judgment
of navigators like William Baffin,
who sailed those seas more than
three centuries ago. MacMillan's
chooner. the Bowdoin. is only eighty
feet long not much larger than a
good-sized launch and in it the ex
plorer expects to visit the western
shore of Baffinland, on which no
vhite man has ever set foot. Baf
fin's vessel, the Discovery, was of
ibout thfe same size, and was sim
ilarly equipped with apparatus de
signed to help in traveling with the
ice. The plan of following the line
of leat resistance In an ice -pack
seems to have been devised long ago.
Modern navigators who have dls-
arded it have nearly always done
so at their own eavy cost.
MacMillan will have the benefit,
however, of steam engines for
emergency work, which neither Baf.
f!n nor his contemporaries had, and
he will "travel on the country" ii
a real sense, for he will depend on
his own hunters to supply him with
whale and walrus oil for fuel, and
also partly for food. The whale-
til burning engine Is at least a nov
elty. As a last resort. the Bowdoin
will have sails to fall back on. In
all the ages that men have sailed
the seas, no substitute for canvas
has been discovered where reliabil
ity Is the chief desideratum.
There, is small prospect that the
voyage will yield any Immediate
utilitarian results. It will be un
dertaken in the pure joy of achieve
ment and in order to add to the sum
of the world's knowledge. Some
years hence it is possible that, by
putting together all that has been
learned by adventurers like Peary,
MacMillan, Stefansson and the host
of others who have opened the way.
more practical men will be helped
in turning these discoveries to ac
count. It Is a present dream of geo
graphers, for example, that new and
valuable minerals may be found in
the vicinity of the pole, and even
that fuel reserves may be uncovered
against the time when our own sup
plies are exhausted. A vast pre
liminary labor performed without
prospect of reward will be necessary,
however, before society can begin to
collect its dividends.
AMNESTY FOR THE REDS.
The plea for amnesty for Debs and j
others who are imprisoned for ob
rtructing the efforts of the govern
ment during the war advances the
theory that they are "political pris-
cners" a term properly applied to
members of one party to civil con
Ulct. The war was not a civil con-
Met; it was a struggle with foreign
rations, in which relatively few
American citizens espoused the
cause of the foreign enemy under
L various false pretenses. They are
not political prisoners; iney are
traitors, and in other times would
have been summarily shot or hanged.
Granting for the sake of argument
that they are political prisoners and
that conclusion of peace with the
foreign enemy should carry with it
their ralease along with prisoners of
war, such amnesty requires that
they also end the conflict by be
coming loyal citizens of the repub
lic. Evidence of that kind is ut
terly lacking, and evidence to the
tontrarv abounds as to the organ!
zations to which Debs, Haywood and
others belong and which under var
ious names petition for their pardon.
Conspiracy and agitation to over
throw the constitution of the United
States continue under practically the
same auspices as during the war by
the same elements of the population,
though not under- the same name.
The reds show the same facility as
un ordinary criminal at adopting an
alias. The two communist parties
having combined as the united com
munist party, the latter changed its
name to "national defense commit
tee," but la said to have received
$250,000 from L. C. A. K. Martens.
he rejected soviet envoy, to be used
in furthering the cause of commu
nism. It sent an army of organizers
o the large cities, 28 visiting Cleve
land. In New York city over 400
meetings were held in one week,
104 on one Sunday.
The same group under the name
"civil liberties union," - with the
familiar name of Roger Baldwin at
its head, is agitating for repeal of
state anti-revolutionary laws and
has employed a large staff of at
torneys for the purpose, in order
that the reds may pursue their cam
paign without fear of prosecution,
and proposes laws to put private de
ective agencies out of business. It
has induced that great American,
Senator Borah, to introduce a reso
lution for the punishment of police
or detectives who interfere with pub
lic meetings.
A third name under which the
same group acts Is the "interna
tional council of trades and indus
trial unions," which was organized
in New York a month ago and is
.lopported by all radical militant or
ganizations in the world, claiming a
u'ROWN RICH ON BANKRLTTCl.
One clew to Germany's refusal to
pay reparation Is furnished by the
description of that country's crazy
financial houne of cards that Robert
Crozier Long gives in the Saturday
Evening Post. Thougji the actual
value of Germany is about half of its
value In 1)14, its nominal wealth
measured in paper marks isin pro
portion to the 3300 per cent inflation
of the currency that has occurred in
the interval. As the currency de
preciates with the continued addi
tion to its volume, prices continue to
rise, and men grow rich by buying
in anticipation of further rise in
prices and by selling when the riie
tomes with the issue of more paper
marks. Mortgages arj paid in marks
worth one-ten.th of, the money that
was borrowed and the valiie of the
land is multiplied ten times, while
the high price of produce, measured
in inflated marks, further justifies
the high valuation. Corporations
having a pre-war capital of a mil
lion marks can pay 100 per cent
dividends which are actually only
10 per cent dividends in pre-war
money. A pre-war debt of 100.
l00 marks Is paid In marks actually
worth only a terith as much, and
the poorest people in the country
ore holders of bonds paying fixed
rates of interest, for they receive the
number of marks nominated in the
bonds," though the value is but a
tenth of that intended. Every bull
speculator In stocks is a purewln
r.er. for continued Inflation will
certainly raise prices by depressing
the value of the mark.
The German government is both
willing and the involuntary accom
plice of this breeding of paper mil
lionaires. It deliberately shows a
b:g deficit in its budget in order
that it may plead poverty to the
al'ies, but it has attempted to bal
ance the budget by Imposing new
taxes. A long Interval elapses be
tween enactment of a tax and its
collection. During that interval
r:anufacture of more money is nec
essary to meet the deficit which con
tinues to accrue until the tax is col
lected. This new money further de
predates the mark, increases gov
ernment expenses and makes a new
gap between income and outgo which
the new tax is unable to close. Thus
the hare, Inflation, constantly out
runs the tortoise, taxation, and the
nore bankrupt the government be
comes the richer become the specu
lators in its insolvency.
The allies call upon Germany to
pay reparation claims in gold marks
or their equivalent, and to raise sur
plus revenue by taxation for that
purpose. If Germany were to make
such payments, they would represent
approximately ten times the amount
in paper marks, that Is, for every
billion gold marks that Germany
paid it would have to collect ten
billion paper marks from its peo
ple. But the demand that such
payments be made every year re
quires that the money be paid out
cl revenue, which can be raised only
by taxation. If revenue should ex
ceed expenses, the moneymaking
mill would stop, depreciation of the
currency would cease and the piling
ip of fortunes made out of It would
also cease. No long time would pass
before marks would begin to rise in
value, and then many speculative
millions would shrivel up like paper
in a furnace.
The swarm of new millionaires in
Germany and the host of others
whose wealth has been artificially
enhanced by inflation actually dread
the day when their government will
drag itself out of the slough of
bankruptcy and become solvent.
They resemble the mountaineer who
1 as climbed to the top of a precipice
which he dare not attempt to climb
c'own lest he break his neck. The
allies, with their demand for pay
ment in real money, call upon Ger
mania, shuddering on the brink, to
come down, but, her teeth chatter
ing with fear, she cries: "Nein!
Nein!"
is still negative, but it will be well
for our future well-being if it is
supported by further investigation.
. It has recently been discovered
that undernourishment Is not con
fined to the poor. A survey made
in New York revealed the surprising
fact that the two classes of chil
dren in the public schools most
characterized by undernourishment
were the two extremes of rich and
poor. The former were eating food jn
theoretically sufficient quantity but
of the wrong kind. Lack of vita
mines was quite as destructive of
health as mere deficiency In cal
ories. The essentials of nutrition, only
now beginning to e comprehended,
included the mysterious growth
substance to which scientists had
given a fanciful name. By a long
series of experiments it was further
disclosed that certain vegetables
were rich In these needed elements.
Stefansson, the Arctic explorer, went
so far as to assert that vitamlnes
existed in meats that had not been
cooked. In a three years' stay in
the polar regions the explorer pre
vented occurrence of scurvy among
his men by including raw blubber in
their ration. The discoveries of
Stefansson and the Californian sup
plement each other, and greatly ex
tend the fteld of possibility in ar
tificial vitamine production.
In all probability the most signif
icant phase of the reported discovery
Its application to foods that are
now wasted. enormous quantities
of vegetables now fail to find a mar
ket because of inadequate storage
facilities or faulty distribution. This
i particularly true of vegetables
characterized iiy large bulk in pro
portion to 'calorific value. But If
it we-e made commercially possible
to extract the vitamlnes from food
now so wasted, transportation and
storage costs on the latter would be
infinitesimal and an essential in
gredient would be preserved. Th
possible economic consequences o
'lie discovery challenge the imagina
tion. Its hygienic Import Is even
greater. One of the most vexing
problems of nutrition may have been
solved. Parents who have not found
it easy to persuade ttjeir children to
eat food now known to be rich in
vitamlnes would be able to serve the
tatter as a condiment.
Conservative scientists will accept
this first announcement with due
reserve, yet will hope that the ex
pectations of the discoverer Hre ful
filled. The tabloid meal, once
oreamed of by dietitians hut Indef
initely postponed because of Its not
uble lack of true growth substances,
is brought perceptibly nearer. -!
people vexed by problems of do
mestic help and high prices in
restaurants are likely to be receptive
io any discovery that gives promise
of doing away with formal meals.
The Listening Post.
Chinese I'lay Haa 40 Acta.
ONE of
Quon
At least one I'nited States minister
will live in state befitting his of
fice. The government has leased
from the Zamoyski family the Blue
palace at Warsaw as legation build
Ing for Hugh Gibson, minister to
Poland. The palace was built early
in the eighteenth century by King
August for his beautiful daughter,
Anna Orzelska, and was afterward
converted by Prince Adam Czartory-
skl Into a magnificent public library,
which contains 57,000 volumes and
7 00 illuminated parchments. It takes
its name from a roof of blue metal
plating, which was stolen by the
Germans. While Poland was .under
foreign yoke, men of letters and
tcience used to gather there to plan
preservation of Polish national life,
culture and traditions.
The sense of fairness of a people,
more than any other one thing, is on
trial in Great Britain. The question
is whether a single group Is justi
fied in disregarding the welfare of
all other groups in looking after Its
own interests. The chances are that
the people will win.
Now a professor predicts that In
a million years the world will be
uled by biped reptiles. Between this
forecast and the other one that in
a million years the world will have
lallen into the sun, people who like
lo worry will take their choice.
NE of the members of the Suey
S club, that unique organ!'
ration which lunches' In a Second
street Chinese restaurant, described a
recent drama he saw In the Chinese
theater at Vancouver. B. C, in which
appeared the matinee Idols of th
American oriental and the most famed
beauties of the western Chinese stag
The play had 49 acts, began at
P M. and ended at 12:30. It dea
with the adventures of a prince wh
ventured among his subjects, in
cognito. as did the Caliph Haroun-al
Raschid in the 1001 Night.
This brave prince soon lost hi
heart to a rich man's daughter an
shortly afterwards rescued anothe
girl after slaying a rogue and
bandit who sought to capture her. 1
the defense of the second girl h
carelessly clipped the heads off torn
doxen members of the bandit gang
and she fell in love with him. II
refused to fall for her assorteJ
oriental wilts until he heard that hi
first love had died.
Soon after their marriage th
first girl appeared on the scene. Com
plications galore ensue, a truly mag
nlficent situation for the dramatist.
The American solution could be lm
aglned. with the first love, divorce
and all the rest, but the oriental mind
moves direct and the remedy was
simple, the prince had another mar
riage and the two wives lived happily
ever after.
it haa been a long time since the
Portland Chtnase theater has been In
operation, but the scheme of things is
the same In all of them. There Is no
scenery, the prince's horse Is a long
stick with a tassel where the tall
should be, the actors live light In the
theater In the dressing rooms and
slant-eyed stage-door Johnnies Infest
the vicinity of the areaway.
The Test of Courage.
By Grace 1 :. Hall.
It was near midnight and Morplieua,
goa or dreams, held sonorous sway
over the apartment house. Along
with the rett the denizens of num
ber 17 were "pounding their ears.'
when their front door buzzer ripped
through their dreams. Hubby, half
dazed, answered.
Voice from the court Do you want
anything?
Business of sleepy pondering 1
can t think of a thing.
-Now who was It? Wlfie wanted to
know, rushed to the window, and
heard the mysterious visitor call sov-
eral other apartments before leaving.
He was short, muffled to the chin in
a loose cloak and wore a cap pulled
well down over his eyes. A bootlegger
soliciting saies? Possibly, for apart
ment house gossip says that "moon"
can be ordered from the milkman In
some places and delivered In a regula
tion bottle with the fluid for .the
morning mush.
This Is the tale of a broken-hearted
candymaker, bereft of sweethearts
with spring calling. It appears that
for two years he courted two fair
damsels, strangers to each other, but
each knew that there was a rival. He
went the old adage of not having two
girls in Che same nelghoorhood one
better. He had one here, the other In J
Seattle. As long as the Puget sound
charmer stayed In the north he paid
steady attention to the local girl and
handled the out-of-town affair
through the malls. However, the
Portland girl suffered a curtain
mount of neglect whenever the Se
ttle rival visited here and anguish
at other times when the candymaker
ook a "business trip" to Washington.
Last week came the finale. Evident
ly the swain had misjudged his ability,
for both girls married, and on the
ame day. A fitting punishment most
f the women who ,read this will
gree. Hopes dashed, the wonderful
xperiences of the past two years but
memory, a life void of thrills until
another conquest is scored. Serves
him right, don't dally.
The maniacs of the deep and broken
jail!
Loud crashed the breakers In their
crested might;
As shrieks of fiends demented seemed
the gale,
And lightning rent In twain the gown
oi nignt;
The thunder boomed; a long, deep
shuddering breath
The buoys sent out to sea their
weirdest notes:
L'estruetlon rode unbrldlad beasts of
death,
Men's voices turned to dead things In
their throats.
The painted, tnn-made palace on the
waves
Was like a toy that rides upon a p,.l.
But underneath gaped atorm-spllt
spewing graves.
And he who cherished bope was but a
fool:
Two nifn stood silent on the heaxiiiK
deck.
And felt the vessel nosing to the be,i ;
The breakers raced as runners, neek
to neck.
And fought to truss the railing, des
perately. Then spake the younger uiuii in
hoarse tlespnir:
"There Is no chance! She settles even
now !"
And. HHhcn-hui'd. dropped on Ms
knees in nraver
The sweat of awful hnrm i..-
brow :
J'pon the other's fare a pallor upresd.
He watched the llirhtnu.o i .- ii...
blackened sky:
'Since 1 have dared to live." he slowly
said.
'' cannot see, why I should far tn
die."
MTU YAPIMMi or 1 Arm.
siati ev'ry Organ devoted to new s
that bears on th I
Hold burglars, divorces and !. i
events that sum up the struggle
and strife;
But I've sat by the hour for Hie past
rixmeen weeKs Willi a newspaper
creased on mv Ian.
Dissecting twelve yards of sterotyped
pnni mat reatures (ho Island of
Vap.
Tis a problem that vexes the statfa-
nien at large they cannot mn-t
In a way.
Just where It belongs as a aoi l.il aa.
set, no matter who claims It to-day;
Hut 1 glean from such sources 1 ha
at command 'tis a question ot
"Chinee" or Jan
Lnthroned with a pennant of burluit
fleslgn for aye on the Island of
Yap.
I should Judge from thn liamA nf 1 hut
Isle of dispute that It's much like
a slana: Texas noun.
A vulgar expletive applied to the rube
wno dwells forty miles from a
town.
fcut where Is the Texan I'll candidly
ask whose Ire would Invite e'en a
scrap.
For the sake of Infringing unon a
darned word such a thing as th
Island of Vap.
My work Ik noglocted, the farm Iihn
run down' for want of attention
and cure:
But 1 haven't the efforts at leisure
at least I haven't the momenta lo
spare,
or 1 vow by all things I hold sacred
In life that 111 henceforth do
never a' tau
Till reporters with nnnrhim. r.
"putting in time" dispose of the
Island of Vap.
ORR O. SMITH.
Adolphe Wolfe, than whom there
Is no better citizen, pleaded guilty
ct Corvallis Tuesday to his first sight
of the college In forty years' resi
aenco here. -There are hundreds of
others, good Oregonlans, too.
total membership of a million. Its
aim is to bore into and gain con
trol of regular labor unions. It has
named a delegate to the, world labor
conference to be held at Moscow
on May 1, has called meetings In
favor of recognition of soviet Kus
aJa to be held in New York and other
ISOLATING THE VITAMINE.
' If U is true that a California
scientist has succeeded In isolating
the elusive vitamine, which has long
defied identification, an important
step has been made toward conser
vation of our vital resources. An
alysts have heretofore been forced
to content themselves with negative
evidence. They knew that in, ab
sence of certain life-giving prin
ciples, food failed, to be completely
r,ourishing; the nature of the miss
ing substance, however, they con
fessed that they did not understand.
Now the investigator in question
says that he has discovered ft and
extracted it from vegetables.
The scientist, who Is also a phy
sician, used yeast In his experiments
in the manner in which tons ,f
pitchblende are used "before a grain
of radium is found. Yeast was em
ployed because it is the rankest
growing vegetable known. He was
attracted by the theory that .since
a seed will germinate when car
ried over from one season to anoth
er, it was possible that the veg
etable produced from the seed pos
sessed within itself a living prin
ciple. Having isolated the vitamic
cell from a quantity of yeast, he
continued , his experiments with
higher orders ot vegetables. He
found by microscopic examination
Alpha Orion, just discovered to be
fabulously larger than our own sun
is respectfully reminded that size
Isn't the only thing that counts. The
mastodon became extinct long ago.
Lut the microbe still survives.
Congress may yet discover that
the unanimity with which every
body agrees that the present tax laws
ure bad may not mean a similar one
ness of opinion on the kind of tax
we ougnt to nave.
- Commanoer Evangeline Booth
says that prohibition has eliminated
the Salvation Army's greatest prob
lem, but even at that she does not
contend that the millennium has ar
rived.
Mrs. Einstein says that an under
standing of her husband's theory of
relativity is not necessary to her
happiness. Nor, for that matter, to
that of most of the rest of us.
We are living in an age so skep
tical that a man can't get himself
believed even when he confesses
that he is the murderer wanted in
a great New York mystery.
Secretary Weeks' estimate that
the government needs $17,000,000
will discourage the notion that there
is no need of taxes just because hos
tilities have ceased.
There is one Bergdoll, now In
Leavenworth, who will find It abso
lutely useless to try to persuade an
army officer to let him out to look
fcr a burled treasure.
The feat of stumbling over a match
la believed by many to be impossible,
but It does not take more than a
trifle to upset the equilibrium of most
humans. The smallest slip may be
fraught with the direst consequences.
Heretofore ITiuoh discussion of the
gum evil has dealt with the accretions
under restaurant seats and tables, but
how about that sowed on marble
floors. One large juicy gob adhering
to the slick maxble floor In an office
building threw a big iyan In faster
time than Ted Thye'a record. The
gum ambush was In front of an
elevator and one edge of the gum
was lightly rolled up possibly half
an inch above tho floor. .Mr. .Man
hit It and took a header, lout his
glasses and loosed a flow of eloquence
seldom equaled.
Harry S. Sheldon, who will be beat
remembered as the author of "The
Havoc" of some seasons back, has
written another play. "The Girl or
the Dollar" Is its title, and H. II.
Frazee Is producing It with Taylor
Holmes in the featured role.
The piece opened In Elmlra a week
ago and is scheduled for a week of
one-night stands through Pennsyl-
I.T.i.t;iBl.K.
If they were callod away, those whom
1 love
And 'twere my lot to Journey on
alone
Thn' pitied and deemed lonely, yet
unseen
With me a multitude of memories
wou.d linger ever my companions
true:
For 1 have lived and loved, plucked
ruses red,
Shared saered ties of home himI
motherhood
A voice has sung angelic strains to
me
And heurts responding have been lonil
and true;
And e'er assuaging should fond mem
ories cling
Past hours recalled by a cherished
flower.
Or voices murmuring In a harp
string's note,
If fevered were my brow the passing
breeze
Would waft caresses from dear un
seen hands
And circling mountains seem cntwin-
Ing arms
Uplifting from the weariness of
earth.
K'en.p- the earth Is mindful of the
un, , . ,
Thus ever should I be of my beloved.
Alone? Nay. not alone, Intangible
Yet ever near, those whom 1 love
shalt be.
JA.V'ETTU MARTIV.
TUB DOI.MtKVINTIC Bi;i:.
1 buzz. I hum and I whir;
My wings like an airplane drone.
From each fragrant bower
I sip the wild flower.
And ply the fair mejdows alone.
1 sway, I swing and I swirl
Whers tall yellow sunflowers nod;
Inhale a deep s-wlg
From each perfumed twig,
And dance on the lithe goldenrod.
I live without duty or toll
In vales that are fair beyond dream;
I tread my feet
Upon clover blooms sweet.
And bathe In the sun's golden beam.
I feel no pangs of remorse,
The haphazard way I exist:
vanla on Its way to Chicago, where I'm "bum" as you see,
! that the vitamines of the latter were
similar in appearance and action to
those of yeast. He admits that he
still knows as little about the true
nature of the vitamine as other
scientists know about radium. He
knows only that it reacts io a certain
way to physiological tests. The jgroof
t
Kentucky has more colonels than
any ther state, which may be one
reason why latest federal reports
give her national guard a low rating.
Spring acts as If It wasn't sure
whether it was ready to, take off
its hat and stay a while.
There is a blizzard raging'in the
middle west. Now isn't it good to
be living in Oregon?
The day of ultimate ultimatums
draws nearer in the British strike
s'tuation.
When a farmer begins to make
money ho culls his farm a ranch.
k Is booked for an engagement of ten
weeks at the Cort theater.
.
P:oof that spring Is here can be had
by any visitor to Lownsdale .square,
across from the courthouse. Hero Is
the open-air forum and debating club
for the park loafer, and the assembled
thinkers do not hesitate to handle
the most abstruse subjects. Ordinary
topics such as prohibition, socialism,
prices, etc., are too trifling, they go
la for Einstein, world partition and
manifestations of spiritualism. Half
a dozen groups will be engaged In
as many varied discussions and th
pondering Intellects move from crowd
to crowd and seem equally skilled at
Jawbone exercise on any topic.
At The Oaks, Columbia beach and
Council Crest they are setting the
stage for the summer, putting new
paint on the merry-go-round animals,
varnishing' the cars on the roller
coasters, darning the rips In the bath
ing suits and repairing the ravages of
the Idle season. In about a month the
crowds will begin flocking to the
parks for amusement and the golden-!
. . , ii, , . i 1
tnroatea Dauynoo men win ue on nana
with Innumerable lures to draw the
holiday dime from its snug pocket.
Right now the park managers 'are
busy letting their concessions and
tbe followers of this form of amuse
ment are preparing to reap their an
nual harvest. THE SCOUT.
A hum bum (ble) bee.
When called on to work, I resist,
MILTON C. ARMSTRONG.
THOSK STARVING O.M-IN.
America, look out beyond
Your doors of plenty, paths of rape,
Behold the famlne-strleken lands
Rndurlng untold agonies.
Within those age-old Chinese walls
Death stalks with sullen tread the
while,
And time brings naught but want and
woe
To little ones who never smile.
How can you be unmindful long
Of hungry eyes In mute appeal?
let brotherhood be understood.
Be swift to hearken and to heal.
America, It is for you
With Christian heart and fruitful sod
To save the souls who cry for bread
To know and do the will of Hod.
FLORA E. BREC1C.
MAID O' HI v iri;ai.
You grew In your father's cottage.
My little Maid o' Dreams.
Like a rose on its stem a-bloomlng
To brighten the world, It seems.
Through childhood's happy springtime
You were my playmate sweet;
The charm of a thousand fancies;
The guide of my restless feet.
The world then came between us
And thrust us wide apart.
But. dear, to the end of the uttermost
You are graven on my heart.
SELMA RICHARDSON.
Rainier, or.
,