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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 12, 1920)
8 TIIE SUNDAY OREGON IAX, PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 12, 1920 DE.VR FRIENDS! last wqak we discussed the right way to make a strawberry bed and the best varieties of strawberry plants to set out, but I feel that I did not urge you enough to set out a bed and "do it now." In June and July, when very In ferior strawberries were 20 cents or 25 cents per little pint box in the markets of the city and we found that our "box" gave us a scant cupful of berries when they were cleaned and sorted then we all vowed that we would not be caught that way again. We would raise our own ber ries in our own back yard and have all we could eat of big, delicious, fully ripe berries for the picking. Plant a Strawberry Bed Now. " The strawberry season has passed, except for the scant fall crop that Is occasionally found for sale and, hav ing other matters pressing in all di rections, we forgot our good resolu tions and put off making and setting that bed until it Is too late. Of course we can set out our plants next spring, but that is the very time rhK everything, else is. crying to be attended, to at once in our gardens and flower beds and It is almost cer tain that the strawberry bed will be crowded out for lack of time, as It was last spring. Besides, if you set out a few good strong Magoon plants (say two dozen or so) now and give them any kind of a chance particularly by keeping the weeds out of them next spring you will get a good many teacupfuls of berries off of these little plants next season and it won't hurt them a bit, at least it didn't hurt mine. They bore the next season after set ting in the fall and have borne won derfully for two years since. Indeed, for the first time in my the earth should be drawn down around them, Just as In growing sweet peas, and for the eame reason to get the roots well .down in the soil where the drouth of summer will .'not hurt them.- Burbank's Phenomenal is the best variety for us to plant. To cultivate in the fall, the soil is plowed towards the plants, leaving a dead furrow in the center for carrying off the winter rains. In spring this soil is plowed back again toward the center. It Is best not to tie them up to a trellis in the fall, but to let the new vines lie on the ground until spring, as they are not so apt to be injured by severely cold . weather when left this' way. The spring pruning and staking up will be described! at that time. The loganberry is noted for its long life. The length of time a vine will bear depends almost entirely upon the depth of setting and- the care it receives. Beat Varieties of Blackberries. The varieties of blackberries most grown in Oregon are the Mammoth blackberry, Evergreen blackberry. Himalaya blackberry and Dewberry, whlie t"he Lawton blackberry is rec ommended by all authorities as the best variety for home gardeners, be ing large, productive and early. The domesticated evergreen which we can dig wild .almost anywhere and transplant to our gardens is also recommended. This wild black berry bears continuously from July until November ind the berries are large, sweet and delicious, but the seeds are larger than in other va rieties. Dewberries are sometimes grown, as they have a soft core and large fruit, but they are too shy berries to be profitable. The Himalaya berry is too soft for shipment, but trained over the wall in" a home garden and well watered it will bear large and lucious berries through most of the summer. Blackberries and red rasp berries are propagated by" suckers which grow up from the roots. If more suckers are desired than natur ally grow, they can be obtained by wounding the roots with a spade, when suckers will start up from all the wounded places. Or the roots may be cut In sections about three inches long and planted, flat, in shallow trenches and each will form a well-rooted plant in one season. Fall Care of Blackberries. When setting out a patch of Law ton blackberries the rows should be from five to eight feet apart and the plants four to eix feet apart in the row. For Mammoth blackberries, Himalaya berries and Evergreen blackberries the rows should be from eight to nine feet apart and the plants set from eight to twelve feet apart In the rows, depending upon the strength of the soil and the fertilizer it has received. Of course, the richer the soil the less of it will be needed to feed each plant. In the fall the soil between each row of blackberried is plowed toward the vines, leaving a dead furrow In the center for drainage. This is plowedi back in the spring as with loganberries. Blackberries and raspberries should be pruned in the spring, and then after fruiting the old canes should be cut out and burned. Fall pruning consists in cutting out the weaker canes and' pinching off some of the laterals that have grown too long. All suckers not desired for trans planting must be destroyed. The best time for planting black berries, loganberries and raspberries is generally given as in the fall after the fall rains beg4n, though they may be set out In the spring if it is done early. In transplanting, take up the suckers carefully and be sure the soil is damp around the roots, setting them just as you would strawberry plants. Plantations are generally re newed every five or six years, al though with good care every year they last longer. The yield in large quantities varies from 1200 to. 10,000 quarts per acre, the difference being partly in va riety and partly in cultivation, of which the main factor is the amount of water they receive by irrigation in the dry season. Currants Grow Easily. Currants are very healthful, easily grown, and should be found in every garden. It is better to set them out now, though they may be set In the spring If preferred. They are generally planted 4x6 feet apart, and but one variety is rec ommended for our use he new Per fection, which has large red berries, few seeds and is very prolific Currants need a heavy dressing of stable mature or fertilizer each year to do their very best and produce strong new canes each season, for there is no fruit that runs small bo quickly on old wood as the currant. They are pruned by removing the old wood after it is 3 or 4 year old and allowing only a -limited number of new canes to grow. It i3 a fruit that will hang a long time on the bushes, especially if grown under the hade of trees or when the foliage is heavy, and is often in condition for use for more than a month. , Gooseberries Grow In Shade. " The conditions for the growth of gooseberries are much the same in all ways as those of currants, and it is well to set them out now. It is pe culiarly valuable to some of us that they will grow In a place so shady that It will raise no other fruit, like the ground under trees. 1 The soil should be made very rich for them. They are partial to a deep, rich, moist, yet well-drained soil. A north or northeasterly slope is better for them than a southerly, unless they are In partial shade. The Oregon Champion is the best variety to plant here in our home gardens. Most people think of gooseberries as only to be used green, in pies, etc, but if you let part of your goose berries mature you will be surprised at how sweet and good really ripe gooseberries are. They make delicious jam and jelly. If you have a shady spot in your garden that has been idle and nonproductive, by all means plant a few gooseberry bushes there this fall. - Grapes In Home Garden. From the beginning of recorded time grapes have been, with apples, the favorite fruit of man. They are very productive, very healthful and very delicious. Everyone likes them. But, as is the case with the logan berries, those who buy the fruit at the market never taste it at its best. In both cases the fruit that is allowed to hang on the vines and ripen- in the sun is far more delicio.s than any you can purchase, as both fruits are picked quite green and hard when in tended for sale, and when they soften up afterward they do not have the sweetness and flavor which ripening on the vines In the -sun woud have given them. There is no possible reason why anyone who owns his own home should not "sit under his own vine" though fig trees do not mature here. Even though you have only a few square feet of soil along the south side of the house, you can plant one or mote grape vines and train them up on the house and have an abundance of delicious grapes. I wonder every time I pass the homes in our city that such masses of luxuriant ornamental vines are trained over porches, garages, per golas and on the side of the house itself and among them all are so very few grape vines. It seems to me no v'ne is more ornamental than a grape, especially in summer and. fall, when the beauti ful clusters of grapes are more at tractive than any flowers. Grapes may be picked and eaten at any time after they . begin to ripen or allowed to hang on the vine for many weeks, so that one early-bearing vine will furnish all the grapes an ordinary family needs after it is well grown and in full bearing thou-h you may like different varieties. Varieties of Grapes. The variety of grapes especially recommended for us in Portland is Campbell's Early. This is a very fine purple grape, havin large clusters and large berries, which do not drop off like some varieties, so they may be kept on the vines a long time and used as desired. They have few seeds, also, and keep a long time after you do gather them. The old popular Concord Is the sec ond choice for .us. It is also a purple grape, and both these varieties ripen In August. There is one very essential thing to remember In setting out any grape vines here that we have such a cool, moist.climate that any grape which does not ripen until after our fall rains begin will not do well here. Always plant a variety that ripens in August rather than In September. This is the reason that we can raise any old eastern favorite that is rea sonably early in ripening, but cannot raise the wonderful Flame Tokay, which matures so beautifully' in the Rogue river valley. We have so much earlier and heavier fall rain fall than they do, and not the very hot sunshine to color the grapes perfectly-. ( How to Plant Grapes. Grapes like a light, sandy or grav elly soil. Small stones in the soil seem good for them. They do not require much fertilization. Wood ashes may be applied and fine ground bone, as they need potash and phos phorus especially. The vines may be trained over a porch, or on the side of the house or they may be set out in the garden and severely pruned. In the former case you will have an ornamental vine with an abundance of natural Bized grapes; in the latter case you will have a great many less grapes but much more perfect ones just as we found to be the case in staking up and pruning tomatoes. My own choice and advice would be to let the vines in your garden run naturally and produce more fruit. You can prune the vines back a rea sonable amount and thin the fruit if the clusters are so thick that the sun cannot get at them all to ripen them; but it is not usually desirable in the home garden to prune the vines or thin the grapes in any such fashion as is practiced by th commercial growers. The best vines to plant are strong one-year-old "plants with a good amount of root. These may be ob tained by "layering." as was described 'for loganberries and other vines. This is done by burying one of last sea son's shoots five or six inches deep in the soil in the spring, and in the fall there will be a good rooted plant at every bud. Before planting, the top of the young plant should be cut back to about two buds and the roots to one foot in length. The crown of the vine should not be planted deep, as the grape naturally runs very near the surface. Three or lour inches is deep enough for the crown, but the ends of the roots should be put down into the moist soil, the surface sou should be filled in around the root and some ground bone added if the soil is very poor. Always remember, above all things, that your grapevines must have all the sunlight possible. Be sure to plant them on the south side of a building if possible and never where they are shaded by a tree or in any other way. INEZ GAGE CHAPEL. ART DEPENDS ON " U. S. (Continued From First Pa(?e- Philharmonic orchestra has made a place for a work of, say, Frederick Jacobi, or Reginald Sweet, or John Alder Carpenter, why not repeat this work on a Friday afternoon, and on a Saturday night, and again on Sun day afternoon? More Consideration Needed. Would they not be as interesting: as "The River Moldau." the Tschaikow sky sixth symphony, the Mendelssohn "Fingal's Cave." the. Beethoven "Leonora No. 3," particularly know ing already that these works will figure some three or four times on the programmes of the National Symphony orchestra, the New York Symphony orchestra, the Philadelphia Symphony orchestra, and the Boston Symphony? Any one of the orchestras which perform an, important American work does so, knowing that no other or chestra can, because it is probably in manuscript and not obtainable. Does this make the orchestra realize that it has something special? Not at all. It only plumes itself upon what a wonderful thing is be ing accomplished for American com posers! And gives it one hearing supplanting it on the next pro grammes in different series with a Mozart or Beethoven overtures that may already have graced 65 pro grammes. The conductors of the several or chestras do not seem to know that they are constantly militating against the American composer, no matter how they seem to be lending their efforts toward enhancing their worth. There is evidently a "pro fessional courtesy," or is it profes sional something else, which, like an unwritten law, provides that if "Wal ter Damrosch sees fit to present an American composition, no matter how sorely other New Y'ork conductors might stand in need of such a work. as a relief from the cut-and-dried programme that 250 orchestral con certs must of necessity bring about. tney would not under any circum stances make room for it. Strange that they do not show a similar at titude toward L'Apres-midi dun Faune," "Le Sorcier Apprentis," et al. Count Munster Dismissed. BERLIN. Count Munster. who was first equerry to the former king of Saxony and since has held an im portant position in the republican ministry for agriculture, has been summarily dismissed. The explana tion given on behalf of the govern ment for his dismissal is that the count had said in public1 that Herr Schwarz, his chief, the present min ister for agriculture, formerly a metal turner, "didn't know anything about agriculture." only in less respectful terms. Doubling Postal Kates Propose!. PARIS. Doubling" of most of the international postal rates will be pro posed by French delegates to the In ternational Postal union, which will meet In Madrid October 1. France re cently increased domestic first-class letter postage from 15 to 25 centimes, so that it now costs as much to send a letter across the street in Paris as to send it around the world. The French commission also adopted a. recommendation that a postal surtax be Imposed when necessary to meet the loss in exchanges. life. I really saw strawberry plants that were just as loaded down with blossoms and berries as the pictures we see in the seed catalogues. When my neighbors were paying 50 cents lor berries enough for a small stfbrt cake, I could go out every other day and pick a big pan full of berries much finer than any they could buy. Last week, I wrote the general ll rections for fertilizing, etc., but I want to tell you that our climate and soil right here in the city and in all the Willamette valley is peculiarly suited to raising strawberries. The most ignorant amateur can raise a fine strawberry bed by setting out his plants quite carefully (according to my advice last week) and then keeping the weeds pulled near them and giving them two or three good hoelngs next spring the plants them selves will do the rest and respond wonderfully here. I want to earnestly urge you to set out a few dozen strawberry plants even if you have no other garden at all and have never made one. Remember, they pollenize better if you set your plants out in a square or rectangular bed rather than in one or two long rows. AH I have just said in regard 'to setting out strawberries applies to raspberries also, except that we do not care so much for raspberries as strawberries. But there is no reason at all why we cannot have the most delicious rresn raspberries on our tables from our own gardens. And by planting the everbearing kind of both raspberries and strawberries we can have our own fresh fruit all summer and fall. Loganberries Are Peculiarly Western. Loganberries have been grown lr Oregon for 20 years and we are all familiar with their wonderful popu larity they have attained in every part of the United States where they have been shipped. Because they are a cross between 1 tne raspberry and the wild Califor nia blackberry a very tender plant loganberries cannot be raised except along the Pacific coast west of the Cascade mountains. Here is a real distinctively western fruit. Lemons and oranges, apples, pears and cherries are raised jn various other parts of the United States and other countries, but the loganberry originated in northern California and will only grow on our west coast, yet lthas become a famous berry, so, as a mat ter of local pride, we should have at least one loganberry vine in each of cur gardens. It is said that the loganberry is a irross feeder and needs much fertility in the soil, but every vine we have set out has grown wonderfully in our ordinary garden soil here. It is also said to "love a deep, well-drained easily-worked loam soil." Yet we set out some tips last spring in poorly prepared heavy clay soil, alongside a garage, where it was damp, with lit tle drainage, and the plants have made a heavy growth and will g-ive us a good crop of berries next year. Not that I would prefer a poor lo cation for them. I am only trying to say that I hope you won't be discour aged if you have not the ideal place Described by the authorities for each and every kind of fruit, but will do the best you can with what you have and plant a few plants of each kind. It is remarkable the return, they will give, even though', neglected or Ill-treated. Care of Loganberries, If you have a few loganberry tips to set out this fall you can let them run over a fence, garage or any place where you would set a grape vine. Of course the commercial growers who raise them to sell set them just so far apart and prune them back every year, but we do not have to do that where we have only one or two vines in our home garden of either loganberries or blackberries. We all know how delicious the blackberries are that grow in the woods without any pruning or cultivation. Spade up the spot where you rlan to set your vine 8 or 10 inches deep and for a good-sized space around say two fee square and pulverize this loose soil as fine as you can conveniently. . Even if you do not expect to set your plants until in the spring you should spade up the place for them now and let it wait over winter, but ' it is better to set the plants now, for the reasons I have given for other fruits, if you can get the loganberry tips to set out. Last spring there were none anywhere for sale. The best way to get them now would i be, when you are riding by some farm where they have loganberries, to stop and buy your tips and set ' them direct from the ground where they grew. If you have one loganberry vine and wish to increase your planting or to raise some plants to sell, let the tip of each vine strike the ground when it will root of itself. These tip-grown plants are the strongest and best, but plants may also be pro duced by layering that is, by laying the vine full length on the ground and covering it with soil, lightly, every foot or so, and it will take root at the points where the leaves have come out. After these plants have a good start the parent vine may be cut in two, between each, and the plants set after they have had two seasons' growth. Strong tips one year old may be used. Should you wish to set quite a plot to logan berries, lay off your ground in rows, (preferably running north and south) eight or nine feet apart, and cross mark it for setting the plants about the same distance apart in the row. Plants should be set deep in the ground, but only lightly covered with earth at first. As the plants grow ISSUES OF THE DAY DEFTLY TREATED BY ARTIST "DING" P : Wb T : BOTH COUtD USB A LITTLE HOME TMSC.PUNE TO AOVAMTA6E -THE V,LLAM AMD THE VIRTUOUS UQRETT. 5TS. n -Tl s4rtSjV2." RAiMENT WHEN WORM lj V e w cx-tem woMetP h Ko-f o rut -o vro tb,tc qZ2 v t7t tjOi 'v 1 22 A-p3 nwmfMrm more coal, until Nm S r KsSb- .,vw'"r ' tA3 f I WHSON ADOPTS THE UHiHX'J rMgfe . I M&3 A C?i. ih 'r'V " MINORITY REPORT- (I fht&P 5 ' V"UV NT SPEND A 1-lTTl.e LESS TIME COMPLAININC ABOUt THE BEHAMIOR OP ACH OIHWS KIDi III I mil g " tVieiNlLK AN61MIR WWW oWi FAMILY '1 WOlW, IN T6 ANTRltS f .E JL ( 'V i'aSSSy now if Twe food producer! would ohli 5 foK a GoAtjANiee w w milieniw,. 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