THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAXD, JTILT 4, 1920 I. - y - " 'JS ' tr--f ftTl- - 4 tor BT JEAN SEIVWRIGHT. E' i NGLAKD has just discovered new tennis prodigy a demure. bashful, unassuming schoolgirl of 17 summers. Her name is Eliza beth Colyer, but her school chums call her "Shyboots." Tennis experts, after watching her play, bestowed still another name on her.- They christened her "The Demoness of the Tennis Courts." After her recent remarkable bat ting streak at Hurlingham they be gan preparations for an American tour for this newest English marvel with the intention of matching her against some of the best tennis players in this country. In case the arrangements for the tour are carried out as originally planned some of us may have an opportunity to see how a sedate little English schoolgirl earned the title "Demoness" by her extraordinary leaps and contortions and frantio mid-air plays which are declared to be very much of an in novation to the game of tennis as played in England. She began by beating Miss Evere. the English champion on the hard courts. Tennis critics immediately sat up and took notice. Wild specu lation ran rife about this wizard of the racquet. Was this the looked for champion that would vanquish Mile. Lenglen? Could she beat this famous French player who had triumphed over the English at their own game? Playing at "Demon Speed. Discussion was still going strong when the 17-year-old girl gained new laurels. She won a set from Mrs. Wightman at the Hurlingham courts. After the first set, however, her luck ET ADMIRAL WILLIAM SOWDEN SIMS. v IT WAS in the summer of 1918 that the Germans made their only at tempt at what might be called an offensive against their American enemies. Between the beginning of May and the end of October, 1918. five German submarines crossed the Atlantic and torpedoed a few ships on our coast. That submarines could make this long Journey had long been known.. Singularly enough, however, the Impression still prevails in this country that the German U-boats were the first to accomplish the feat. Jn - the early fall of 1918 the U-63, com- I manded by that submarine officer, ' Hans Rose, who has been previously mentioned tn these articles, crossed the Atlantic, dropped In for a call at NewRort, R. L, and on the way back sank a few merchant vessels off Nan tucket. A few months previously the eo-called merchant submarine Deutschland had made its . trip to Newport News. The uerman press, and even some pro-German sympathizers In this country hailed these achieve ments as marking a glorious page in the record of the German navy. Doubtless the real purpose was to show the American people how easily these destructive vessels could cross the Atlantic; and -to Impress upon their minds the fate which awaited them In case they maintained their rights against the Prussian bully. A a matter of fact, It had been proved long before the Deutschland or the U-53 had made their voyages that submarines could cross the Atlantic. In 1915 not one. but ten, submarines had gone from North America to Eu rope under their own power. Admiral Sir John Fisher tells about this ex pedition in his recently published me moirs. In 191 the British admiralty had contracted for submarines with Charles M. Schwab, president of the Bethlehem Steel company. As Inter national law prohibited the construe tion of war vessels by a neutral in wartime for the use of a belligerent with which it was at peace, the parts of ten submarines were sent to Can ada, where they were put together, These submarines then crossed the Atlantic under their own power and were ent from British ports to the Hoa; the 'Agile Contortions of a Demure Lit' tie School Girl Hqve Been 'Astounding the European Experts Who Pre' &'; seemed to desert her and Mr. Wight man again scored. But her marvelous'playing set all England a-talking. Will she really develop into a tennis champion? That's the question that's agitating all tennis enthusiasts. They are wildly excited. And Miss Colyer? Well, she has a charming personality and the twinkle in her smiling blue eyes Invites all sorts of speculation about her play. Is she treating It all as a joke or is she going to be a really big player one of these days? Chances at the present are uncertain. Her speed is demoniacal as she leaps fully three feet high to meet a ball. Agile as a young fawn, she twists, turns, dodges, darts forward but her racquet always strikes the ball. Overhand, underhand she serves or returns with equal skill, and so swiftly that her wrists seem to be made of elastic. But despite this dazzling play, she has not yet acquired the cleverly calculated strokes of Molla Bjurstedt. whose mental play is as fascinating as her physical prowess. When this player hits a ball you know she'll send It to the very point where her opponent least expects it. Not so Elizabeth Colyer. according to some experts who have watched and studied her "playing. Quick ac tion minus calculating thought Is re vealed in her methods. Of course she's very young and full of "pep" and apparently never thinks of using her head to weary her opponent's feet, as she dashes from one end of the court to the other. She revels in the many different ways in which she can return the ball and seemingly doesn't worry about her rival's game. Dardanelles, where they succeeded In i driving Turkish and German shipping out of the Sea of Marmora. Thus a crossing of the Atlantic by American submarines had been accomplished be fore the Germans made their voyages. It was therefore not necessary for the two German submarines to cross the Atlantic to prove that the thing could be done; but the Germans doubtless believed that this demonstration of their ability to operate on the Amer ican coast would serve as a warning to the American people. Wiat They Wonld Have Meant. We were never at all deceived as to what would be the purpose of such a visit after our entrance into the war. In the early part, of 1917 the allies believed that the German U-boats might assail our coast, and I so In formed the navy department at Wash ington. My cables and letters of 1917 explained fully the reasons why Ger many might Indulge In auch a ges ture. Strategically, as these dispatches make clear, such attacks would have no great military value. To have sent a sufficient number of submarines to do any considerable damage on the American "coast would have been a great mistake. Germany's one chance of winning the war with the subma rine weapon was to destroy shipping to such an extent that the communi cations of the allies with the outside world, and especially with the United States, would be cut. The only places where the submarine warfare could be conducted with . some chance of success were the ocean passage routes which lead p European ports, espe cially in that area south and south east of Ireland, In which were focused the trade routes for ships sailing from all parts of the world and destined (or British and French ports. With the number of submarines available the Germans could keep enough Of their U-boats at work in these areas to destroy a large number of mer chant ships. Germany thus needed to concentrate all of her available sub marines at these points; she had an inadequate number for her purposes; to send any considerable force 3000 miles across the Atlantic would sim ply weaken her efforts in the real scene of warfare and would make her submarine campaign a failure. The diet Championship Honors and an American Touri Youthful Expert Wins New Laurels in Every Match in Which lZr3j 2ZJ. Sjrrt fa Meet t?e?Je7ncncsr But in spite of her somewhat erratic play which makes the critics hesitate as to whether they'll christen her the "new champion." or merely a "freak." they are already looking up her schoolday triumphs. On one thing they are all agreed, however, and that Is that she possesses a de lightful personality. Her blue eyes have a look of boyish frankness, while many of her little mannerisms suggest a childhood spent with her brothers. But little sister, always .c-"ifc:V:w-. ! Which She Contends. i'y f ' I - 1 v . . '1 Leaps nf2?ourdrs- if-., xv -s , . ' y'l C5 M - Av I OJt THE LAUNCHING DECK, The minra moved en little railroad track toward the ten, whence they dropped, at aboat tea-aecoal Interval, . Into the water. Each mine-laying ahly carried about 500 on an average.. cruises of submarines on the Ameri can coast would have been very much longer and would have been a much more serious strain on the subma rines than were the shorter cruises in the inshore waters of Europe. As has already been explained, the submarine-did not differ from othej- craft in its need for constant repairs and careful upkeep, except that perhaps It was a more delicate Instrument of warfare than any other naval craft, and that it would require longer and more frequent periods of overhaul. The Germans had no submarine bases in American waters and could estab- i lisa nqnet Possiblj as the aewejaper She Contends. The 2e7none3"xrz Acte'Sn I a good pal In all their sports, has outstripped them all In the game of tennis. She preferred the world a-field to the world of books. A skilled swim mer and oarswoman. she reveled In all outdoor sports. And to their practice from babyhood she owes her marvelous physique. While her father delighted In the study of dead languages and pre ferred at all times the bypaths of the scholar, her mother believed In writer has pointed out. they might seize a deserted Island off the coast of Maine or in the Caribbean, and cache there a reservoir of fuel and food; unless, however, they could also create at these places adequate facili ties for repairing submarines or sup plying them with torpedoes and am munition, such a place would not serve the purpose of a base at all. Comparatively few of the German submarines could have made the cruise to the American coast and op erate successfully there so far away from their bases for any considerable time. Anything resembling aa ftUUcklng 1 v ' fi- - pf 1! kinds of outdoor activities. The -laws of the Romans and the litera ture of Greece did not greatly appeal to her. although she decided when eight years old that Diana, the God dess of the Chase, was the only one who Interested her, Still at school when the war broke, she. found other means to keep herself fit when sports had necessarily to be neglected. During her summer vaca tions she worked in the fields. Her manner of pitching hay was char acteristic and the speed with which she could load a wagon amazed her companions. With the world's re- 4t r - - t-f H-3 '"TRS1.,'. f f force on American harbors was there fore improbable. Yet it seemed from the first that-the Germans would send an occasional submarine- into our waters, as a measure of propaganda rather than for the direct military result that would be achieved. Amer ican destroyers and other vessels were essential t6 the success of the whole anti-submarine campaign of the allies. The sooner they could all be sent into the critical European waters the sooner the German scheme of terror ism would end.- If these destroyers, or any considerable part of them, could be kept indefinitely in American waters, the Germans might wis the i - trV-1 i jr$ . j v i js ' J turn to normal ways her enthusiasm tor tennis revived and her attain ments at Hurlingham have now rought her before the world. The Clothes of a "Demoness." Of course the "Demoness" has some decided opinions, especially in the matter of clothes. She gives the Greeks credit for good judgment about their attire when they played Olympian games. So she has adopted a style that is decidedly individual yet extremely practical. Her loose white dress somewhat like a modi fied toga extends to the knees', for she will not permit anything to inter fere with her speed. And garbed In this manner she knows that there's no possibility of tripping on her skirt as she bends or leaps forward to hit a ball. She dispenses entirely with corsets in fact she has never worn them. Her muscles are so splendidly developed that she needs no artificial support. When asked if she had any fads In regard to diet she smiled one of her disarming smiles, for while she is not a beauty yet her smile and the ex irtfttui Hiii ii hihii n h 1 1 tuHntftntntti UMrarainHmtmtmtwmttmmmmnmmn'tm GERMAN U-BOATS IN AMERICAN WATERS iwuiuttinuffl mn t MUtratfuntntnuniuitnniMitninfli m ntnti tn i unninmtnntnu mtuiw unai win iiTnini tu nntr war. Any maneuver which would i have as Its result the keeping of these American vessels, so Indispensable to the allies, out of the field of active warfare would thus be more than jus tified and. indeed, would indicate the highest wisdom on the part of the German navy. The Napoleonic prin--ciple of dividing your enemy's forces Is Just as valuable In naval as in land warfare. For many years Admiral Mahan had been instructing American naval officers that -the first rule In warfare Is not to divide your fight ing forces, but always to keep them together, so as to bring the whole weight at a given moment against your adversary. Two of. the funda mental principles of the science of warfare, on land and sea alike, are contained In the maxims: Keep your own forces concentrated, and always endeavor to divide those of the enemy. Undoubtedly the best method which Germany could use to keep our de stroyers in our own waters was to make the American people believe that their lives and property were In danger; they might accomplish this by sending a submarine to attack our shipping off New York and Boston and other Atlantic seaports, and pos sibly even to bombard our harbors. The Germans doubtless believed that they might create such alarm and arouse such public clamor tn the United States that our destroyers and other anti-submarine craft would be kept over here by the navy depart ment, in response to the popular agi tation to protect our own coast. This is the reason why American head quarters n London, and the allied ad miralties, expected such a visitation. The Germans obviously endeavored to create the Impression that auch an attack was .likely to occur at any time. This was part of their war propaganda. The press, was full of reports that such attacks were about to be made. German agents were continually circulating these reports. Raids (or Moral Effect. Of course it was clear from .the first to the heads of the allied navies, and to all naval authorities who were informed as to the actual conditions, that these attacks by German sub marines on the American coast would 5 I presslon of her face are full of charm. "Oh. dear." she said. Tm no au thority on foods. I haven't studied calories and I don't know how many I should eat or for that matter what any one should eat. I always eat hat I need and being out-of-doors so much I always have a splendid appetite." And that was all she could say about food except that she had al ways been brought, up on simple. holesome fare. Regarding the hours she spends is practice; that also evoked a smile. hy, I never count them. When you're doing something you're craiy about you Just go on whenever you have the chance. Of course some people may have to have certain laws and hours and regulations but I don t think I come of a very systematic family. I'm only a perfectly natural person and never having been inter viewed before don't know whether I'm saying what I should or not." With the exception of the spectac ular "Demoness" and the old reliable Kingscote. England seems to have very little tennis talent on display Just at the present . time. In fact, the British were reported to be very much in the doldrums regarding the tennis outlook a few weeks ago when they were called on to face another American lawn tennis invasion and another Davis cup competition with a lot of veterans whose days of ef fectiveness were over years ago. Of all the British tennis players only Kingscote was considered worthy of being regarded as a serious con tender in the cup contests. Mies Colyer's game, while spectacular and particularly vigorous, and calculated to wear down a less strenuous oppo nent, was finally adjudged of scarcely championship caliber. Still the "Demoness" in action is worth going miles to see, if only to study her re markable antics while making al most Impossible shots. . A close rival of Miss Colyer, Zeno Schmitzu. the Japanese tennis player, proved the sensation of the world hard court titular tournament re cently held in Paris. Schmitzu holds the championship of Japan and India. only "be In the nature of raids for moral effect. It was also quite clear from the first, as I pointed out in my dispatches to the navy department, that the best place to defend our coast was In the critical subma rine areas in the eastern Atlantic, through which the submarines had to pass in setting out for our coast, and in which alone they could have any hope of succeeding in the military object of the submarine campaign. It was not necessary to keep our de stroyers in American waters, patrol ing the vast expanse of our 3000 miles of coastline, in a futile effort to find and destroy such enemy submarines as might attack the American coast. So long as these attacks were only sporadic and carried out by the type of submarine which used Its guns al most exclusively in sinking ships, and wfiich selected for its victims un armed and unprotected ships, destroy ers and other anti-submarine . craft would be of no possible use on the Atlantic coast. The submarine could see these craft from a much greater distance than It could Itself be seen by them; and by diving and sailing submerged it could easily avoid them and sink its victims without ever be ing sighted or attacked by our own patrols, however numerous they might have been. Even in the narrow waters of the English channel, up to the very end of ihe war, submarine were successfully attacking small merchant craft by gunfire, although the dens ity of patrol craft In this area was naturally a thousand times greater than we could ever have provided for the vast expanse of our own coast. Consequently, eo long as the subma rine attacks on the American coast were only sporadic, it was absolutely futile to maintain patrol craft In those waters, as this could not provide any adequate defense against such scat tered demonstrations. If, on the other hand, the Germans had ever decided to commit the military mistake of concentrating a considerable number of submarines off our Atlantic ports, we could, always have countered such a step by sending back from the war zone an adequate number of craft to protect convoys in and out of the At lantic ports, in the same manner that tCoacuded on Fage