THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX,. PORTLAND, JUNE 13, 1920
CHARLES
UNLESS OREGON AWAKES SOON TO THE NEED OF SAVING THE TREES, MANY OF ITS FAMOUS
SCENIC HIGHWAYS SOON WILL LOOK LIKE THIS.
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Few More Entitled to Honor
Than Great Inventor.
LIFE PASSED IN POVERTY
Whole) Bubtaer Industry Rests on
; Ilia Discovery of Process
of Vulcanization.
; In a letter sent to each of the 100
'electors for the hall of fame. Colonel
iJ. P. Colt, chairman of the board of
directors of the United States Rubber
.company, who recently formally nom
inated Charles Goodyear for a place
In the hall of fame, pives the follow
ing succinct statement regarding the
rareer anr! achievements 01 me great
Inventor:
"Charles Goodyear's fame rests on
hie. discovery of the process of the
Vulcanisation of rubber. Upon this
process rests the whole rubber in
dustry of today.
"The annals of invention contain
few more romantic chapters than
those relating- to Goodyear. Con
vinced that rubber was one of the
most useful substances in the world,
he undertook, the task of finding a
way to make it serviceable. After
years of effort he learned that sul
phur was valuable in Its treatment
hut only half solved the problem.
During all his experiments he had
never dreamed of applying heat, be
cause even a slight desree of heat
turned the substance Into a sticky,
shapeless mats. Then by accident he
found that a high desrree of heat was
the very thing needed. After making
this discovery it took him five years
more to work, out a process that was
satisfactory.
Always In Great Want.
"He was a quiet, sickly, religious
man. - During the period or nls ex
periments he and his family were in
dire want, and only the kindness of
pitying and at times scornful
friends and neighbors kept them from
starvation. Goodyear refused to be
swerved from his objective and wres
tled with his problem until he had
won complete success.
"When Charles Goodyear began his
experiments, rubber as known to civ
ilization was the crude rubber of to
day. The possibilities it possessed
were realized to a degree, and for
tunes were bpent in the attempt to
manufacture durable goods from it.
But these goods were so affected by
temperature changes that they were
usually a total loss to the manufac
turers. In cold weather they became
etiff and brittle, and in summer grew
eoft and sticky and lost their shape
and decomposition caused them to
give off an offensive odor.
"Having discovered the . proper
method of treatment, Goodyear, in
ctead of resting on his laurels, set to
work to put his discovery to prac
tlcal use. In speaking of this phase
of his work, his son William H. Good--year,
who is curator of fine arts at
.'the Brooklyn museum, said a few
:.years ago:
t Never Profited from His Work.
'. " 'It Is a matter of record that, with
rare exceptions, all the extensive ap
plications of rubber (and there were
more than 200 of them) were devised
launched and financed by Charles
Goodyear up to the point where any
other business man or manufacturer
could do the rest, and at that point
lie invariably began to develop a new
..application. He never was a manu
facturer in the strict sense, or beyond
lhe early days when manufacture was
.'the only means of earning money for
; experiments.
" 'He never was a manufacturer for
-train and never belonged to any of the
, So-called "Goodyear companies," in
all of which his name was simply a
trade mark. Nor has any member of
the Goodyear family since his death
.ever been in the India-rubber busi
ness, in spite of the w-ide diffusion of
.the name as a trademark.
- 'It lay within Goodyear's power, at
.. any time after 1S44, to Identify him
self with some one of the great in
dustries which he successively
launched, and to share by this ac
tivity more largely in the enormous
profits which these industries pro
duced under protection of the patent
laws. His greatest glory is not that
he discovered vulcanization, but that
having discovered it, he scorned the
wealth which the discovery created,
except in so far as it helped him in
the nobler task of continuing to cre
ate new industries.'
Rubber Clothes Joked At.
"The story of Goodyear's discovery
of the secret that solved his problem
i told nowhere in more Interesting
fashion than in John Martin's recent
booklet for children, 'Rubber, A Won
der Story.'
. " 'One day Charles Goodyear, a Con
necticut hardware merchant of an In
ventive turn of mind went to a store
to buy a life preserver.' says this
uthor. 'The only ones he could find
were imperfect affairs, but they drew
his attention to the study of rubber
and presently he was thinking of it
by day and dreaming of it by night.
Kubber became a passion. He neg
lected his business and grew poorer
than the turkey Job kept.
"'He pawned his goods and bor
rowed from his friends until they
dreaded to have him and his rubber
talk enter their floors. He even
pawned his children's books to get
money for his experiments. His fam-
uy jmrujy aarea wai k into a room or
Bit down at a table for fear they
would come upon some of his ever
prosent "gum elastic." as he called it.
"With an inventor's tireless pa
tience and endless hope, he tried one
combination after another but they
all failed. He had an entire suit of
rubber clothes and one of his friends
once said, "Sir. Goodyear is the man
you -will see walking about all dressed
In rubber, carrying a. rubber purse
with nothing in it."
Gaining; the Great Secret.
" 'Finally, in 1839, when he was mix
ing some rubber and sulphur together,
a, thing he had often done before, he
accidentally dropped a spoonful on
the hot stove. Rubber melts at such
a low temperature that he had never
thought of applying great heat.
"'Instead of melting, as he expected
It would do. it flattened out like a
silver dollar. It bent and stretched
easily without cracking or breaking;
it alwayh snapped back to its original
shape and. 6trangest of all, it was no
longer sticky.
."'Apparently half the problem was
solved. Whether his ne,w mixture
"would stand cold he had yet to find
out, so he nailed it on the outside of
the door and went to bed. Probably
he slept but little and was up early to
find his rubber quite unaffected by
tne twiu, inn us anew tnat ne nad
made a real discovery and he named
the process "vulcanising" after the
Roman god of fire. "Vulcanizing"
elmply means mixing sulphur and
pure rubber and then applying heat.' "
'Charles Goodyear is entitled to rec
cfruitlon, at tUis particular time be-
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Volume and Value
THE Bethlehem Motors Corporation will export more
trucks this year than any six thousand dollar truck
manufacturer will build. Visualize this tremendous Beth
lehem Volume and its effect on Bethlehem Value. Low
sales cost, low manufacturing cost per truck. A list price
that includes utmost value per cost dollar.
Neither underbuilt to meet a price nor overbuilt to justify a price.
Bethlehem Motor Trucks are representative of the Middle Ground
that point where value is greatest. Buy your Motor Truck on Facts.
BETHEHEM MOTORS CORP.
AHentowB Pennsylvania
2) Ton Chassis
3 Ton Chassis
The pleenrem show irrita aloas the lower Columbia river klgkw7 between Clatvop Crest and Aatorla. and there
Is a Hlmllar looz Htretca between Rainier and Clataltanle where for miles the highway aoes tkroajch a deso
late loerg-ed-off convtiT. In California there Is a strong- movement afoot to save the trees atonic the highways.
Unless action Is taken in the Paclfie northwest soon. it. will he too late, l.ossrers are now ralnina; the
beauty of the road from Seaside to Cannon Beach. In Washington the beautiful highway from Tacoma to
Mount Rainier is suffering the same fate. Shall we save the trees alona; the highways, or brins tourists
through desolate stretches sueh as these?
cause of the Importance to present
day civilization of rubber as demon
strated by the tremendous growth of
the rubber industry of the United
States in the last decade, and more
especially in tha last five years.
Rubber Industry Vast.
The growth of the industry in this
country is best illustrated by the fol
.'owing official government figures
showing rubber manufactures since
1S79:
1879 $ 25. 309. 6481100!) $ 197.S94.638
ISSU 4i;.Sia.817! 1914 300.993. 7".fi
1S'.9 91l.iiiO.817i 1918 1,1-2,135,700
1904 lt,015.391-
America dominates the field of rub
ber manufacture Not less than 70 per
cent of all the crude rubber consumed
in the world is made into goods in
American mills. It was the American.
Charles Goodyear, who discovered
vulcanization and then perfected many
methods of . manufacture and it is nit
too much to. say that the impetus
friven to the rubber industry in the
United States by his genius is respon
sible in great degree for the com
manding position the country holds
in this field.
In placing ruotcr at the service of
mankind Charles Goodyear made
available a substance of so many Im
portant characteristics that its uses
are countless. Kubber is used for
some certain purposes because it
stretches, for others because it is
airtight and watertight, for others
because it is a non-conductor of elec
tricity, f r others because it has
either great plasticity or great hard
ness, for others because it is shock
absorbing, and for others because it
is adhesive.
Its Manifold Uses.
Rubber literally holds up the stock
ings and the trousers of the world.
Infants cut their teeth on it. and old
age uses it in false teeth. JSitrht mil
lion motorists an-l other millions of
cyclists in the United Stales rldo on
rubber tire that are durable, noise
less and jLirtlght. Balloons of rubber
float aloft, and huge submarines plow
their routes beneath the ocean's sur
face propol'ed by electricity stored in
great rubber cell.i.
PheatbAf) in rvbher. the liprhtnint
makes a peaceful way through our
homes, offices and factories, furnish
ing light and telephone service. Div
ers sink out of sight beneath the
waves in rubber suits. Rubber air
brake hose makes safe the travel of
a nation, air-drill hose rivets our
ships, fire hose protects the property ,
in city and town and garden hose
brings nourishment to our growing
plants. Kubber clothing protects
against s'.orm and rubber footwear
guards us against cold and wet. Ten
nis balls and golf ball.? tt'd rubber
cored baseballs give healthful sport
to the millions. In hospitals and
medical wjrk the uses of rubber are
without number.
To select the most important use to
which rubber is put would be diffi
cult. To illustrate how little the av
erage citizen is likely to be informed
cf soma of Its less romantic uses the
following extract from a rtatemenl
made by one student of the subject is
given:
"Of all the applications of rubber,
that of packing for the steam engine
Land connecting machinery appears to
have been, the most important, as it
has been an essential condition of the
development and extended use of
steam as a motive power."
Use for Lamp Wick.
That old round wick from the oil
stove that your wife usually throws
away when it burns too short. If slit
in half and laid flat, makes an excel
lent scrubber for the motorist to use
in working the grease and grime out
of his hands. If kept soaking in the
cupboard in a tin with enough kero
sent to keep it always moist, the wick
scrubber Is available whenever need
ed. It soon cleans dirty hands. The
old wick will stand the hardest usage
without wearing out and saves the
wife's dainty towels.
Lamp Shade.
By painting the upper portion of
the bulb of the trouble - lamp with
some kind of opaque oil paint glare
will be obviated and the drver can
work in greater comfori and with
much more accuracy.
WHERE THE MONEY GOES
FKAXKLIX STATEMENT SHOWS
HOW EXPENSES PILE CP,
Cost of Raw Material 4 5 Cents of
Every Dollar; Stockholders
Get Only 2 Cents.
Of every dollar expended by th
franklin Automobile company o
Syracuse the cost of raw material,
supplies and parts eats up 45 cents,
according to a statement just issued
by H. H. Franklin, president.
Labor is paid 26 cents of every
dollar in wages, this constituting th
second largest item. Income added to
working capital takes 8 cents. Th!
represents the fund devoted to cx
pansion purposes, which in turn give
employment' to more labor with each
succeeding year.
Administration and operating ex
penses of the factory uses up S cents
The selling expenses attached
merchandising the car is 5 cents, thi
latter item including the expenses o
the sales, advertising, service an
traffic department.
Taxes exacted by the federal an
state governments, takes 4 cents, an
the depreciation In property value
takes Z cents more. Two cents
every dollar is paid in dividends ou
stock.
TTse for a Mirror.
In making adjustments in the dif
ferential housing it is a good plan to
use a small mirror, the reflection of
the ring gear and pinion in this en
abling the operator to work with
more accuracy than the ordinary
method of determining conditions b
sound. The mirror should have a
handle long enough to prevent its
being accidentally shut into the differential.
IN OUR NEW BUILDING
PARK AND GOUCH STREETS
I J U Ton Chassis
i PjS II li Ton Chassis
jj. NORTHWEST AUTO CO.
A j J Distributers. II Ml
(J I O? ALDER AT EIGHTEENTH 1 1 1 1 1
s i w v i ! - w- 3 t in mi linn u ii nin
I Ft VI" ' Oil i n I 0 O tr V--s? S-
Xr i I f mk MJ
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i L PERFORMANCECOUNT1 W.IWJAl? II.
KJ 'jrr 1 1 I I aW taviSBS NJatei GZ iTi
J. iVW - nr -r . IF I ; ii t ss ii
kvv l. m. v f i. it i I j jnunif c cinin insn i w yo r
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- is i 1 1 i - . - - .sjx ria
- iji v . .T ifca t - -a-iraii r.Ns il
lm it.v of over three tons are known as the li t n?-7J WTV II
iture these models as they are designed If I t WMMf I
and built especially to be genuine burden 1 1 ClkSS" t
1 11 '
Wholesale
Exclusively
to better
serve the trade
We have moved to our new building at Park and
Couch streets, where we will endeavor to serve you
better. than ever before from this our permanent
home.-
We appreciate the business .favors the trade is ex
tending us at this time. It is our ambition to main
tain" this confidence. . '
No change in phone numbers. Three direct lines.
Call Broadway 277
Wiggins Company, Inc.
FORHERIT ARCHER A WIGGINS COMPAIS'Y
PARK AND COUCH STREETS, PORTLAND, OR.
Everyone knows that to "pick up" a
heavy load requires a sturdy clutch.
The clutch used in Mack AC models i3
designed and built especially for MACK
heavy-duty trucks in the Mack fac
tories. There could hardly be a simpler effi
cient clutch. It is of the single disc type
and entirely inclosed within the fly
wheel. It is oilless and without ad
justment. Instead of a disc the full diameter of
the clutch faced on both sides, as is the
usual construction, in the MACK AC
clutch, the facing, made of thermoid, 13
attached at its inner circumference to
the disc, which is of flexible metal and
riveted to a splined hub carried loosely
on the clutch shaft end. The friction
surface of the friction ring is therefore
perfectly smooth, being without rivets.
Next:. Provision for Driver
Mack-International
Motor Truck Corporation
Tenth and Davis
Broadway 691
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Trsitt". TnU
Do Not Fight Rims
IOCKED in a Grip of Steel four
J endless cables bind Federal Tires
permanently-secure to wheel rims.
This fundamental of construc
tion,, exclusive to Federal 'Tires,
makes impossible the creeping- of
tires in the grind of travel.
The word keeps spreading that
Federal Tires do not rim-cut or
blow out above the rim.
Let the wear come where it be
longs against the treads alone
buy Federal Tires and get the max
imum mileage for your dollars.
The Federal Rubber Company
Faxtorie. Cu dally, Wisconsin
DEALERS Write for exelnstve proposition If we are
not represented 1b your town.
WEAVER TIRE COMPANY
Oregon Vulcanizing Co.
S33-33.1 BIRKSSIDK AT BROADWAY
Telephone Broadway 379 .
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