THE STJ3DAT OKKGOXTAX. POKTXAXD, THAT 16. '1930
Nomination of Lincoln Is
Recalled by Convention.
Chicago Ready as In Campaign of
Sixty lean Ago Records Tell
of "Attractions" and of Mild
Scenes Following Actual Choice.
EVENTS OF THE TIMES GIVE DARLING CARTOON THEMES
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CHICAGO, May 15. The conven
ing of the republicans in Chi
cago, June 6, to nominate a can
didate for president recalls afresh
at this time the republican - conven
tion opening here 60 years ago, which
nominated Abraham Lincoln. This
was the second national republican
convention and the first of the many
which since have been held in Chi
cago. The convention assembled on May
"cress ,
'
16, 1860, and Lincoln was nominated
on May lif, the third and last day.
After his election feeling aroused by
the slavery issue ran quickly into
civil war.
Kelics of the campaign of 1S60, in
cluding the oil painting of the "rail
splitter," are preserved by the Chi
cago Historical society. E. K. Wood
field secretary of the society, has just
prepared what he regards as the
most complete account of the events
of the convention of 60 years ago. In
this he calls attention to Addison G.
Proctor, of Ann Arbor, Mich., who
Mr. Wood believes, is the only sur
viving delegate of the con"ention.
Chicago in i860 was a promising
city of 110,000, not quite 25 years
old. It had won the convention by
the offer to build the largest assem
bly hall in the country and fill it
at every session. Accordingly, the
"Wigwam arose at the southwest
corner of Lake and Market streets, oc
cupying a space 100 by 180 feet. It
was a temporary wooden structure,
rosting a little over the estimated
$5000. The balance was made up by
charging 115 cents admission on its
formal opening the Saturday before
the convention.
Few republican conventions, if any,
have been so harged with excitement
or had so spectacular an ending.
Lincoln's prospects appeared small
enough before the convention opened.
The favorite was William H. Seward,
senator from New York. He had a
great asset in the ability of Thur
low Weed, who prosecuted his cam
paign among the delegates. He suf
fered a handicap in the determined
opposition of Horace Greeley, the
famous New York editor, who had
no candidate of his own, but refused
to have Seward. , Both Greeley and
Weed were early on the ground and
according to Mr. Wood's review, the
centers of interest. He notes, how
ever, that other, and non-political
att ract ions, were numerous, among
them being Zouaves, circus band, mm
strels, and such well-known theatri
cal pieces of the day as "Lucretia
Borgia' and "The Hidden Hand."
The slavery issue came up quickly
on the first day of the convention,
when David Wilmot of Pennsylvania
on taking t he chair as temporary
chairman, made a 10-minute anti
slavery speech. "No extension of sla-
very" became an essential part
the platform next day.
In view of the many days now
spent In hearing delegate contests.
this convention of 60 years ago of
fered something novel. There were
no contested delegates. There were,
however, pome "contesting" states.
Whether to admit Maryland, Virginia
Kentucky and Texas was a question
that occupied most of the first day
and was still undecided when ad
Journment came for the day.
The next day the convention de
cided to adm it the "border states.'
The platform committee then brough
in its report. H was amended to
include a re-assertion of the "self
evident truths" of the constitution,
At adjournment little remained be-i
yond choosing the candidate, and Mr.
Wood characterizes that night as a
tumultuous one. filled with band mu- !
sic and processions until almost day. I
Enthusiasm for Seward, well worked
up in his behalf, was at high tide.
Greeley telegraphed his paper . that
Seward's nom in at ion appeared cer
tain. Incidentally, remarks Mr. Wood,
this convention was the first at which
the telegraph was employed.
How Lincoln came into the nom
ination is now for many a familiar
story- Seward led on the first bal
lot 173, with Lincoln next best at
102, and 233 necessary for choice. A
few more votes came to Seward on
the second ballot, bringing his total
to 184 while Lincoln jumped to
close quarters with 181. The taking
of the third ballot showed Lincoln
going strongly to the front.
As the figures were being compiled
D. K. Cartter of Cleveland, O., count
ing them up for himself, found that
Lincoln needed only a few votes to
win. The tabulation, in fact, at that
moment was 231V. for Lincoln and
ISO for Seward, with 233 necessary
for the nomination. Instantly Cartter
was on his feet to announce the
transfer of four Ohio votes from
Chase to Lincoln.
The convention quickly broke into a
scene of enthusiasm with few paral
lels In the lqng list of American po
litical conventions. Farther votes
were changed to bring Lincoln's to
tal to 354. The nomination was then
made unanimous.
of
FINLAND IN GOOD SHAPE
Foreign ."Minister Reports Desire
for Friendly Relations With Russia
LONDOM, Slay 15. Finland has no
labor difficulties, declared Us for
eign minister. Dr. R. Holste, who is
on a visit here, in explaining the
steadiness and promise of his coun
try's economic and industrial re
covery. All the factories are working
well, and they were able to export
all sorts of timber products, wood
pulp, paper, textile goods, and so on.
They had, a a matter of fact, huge
stocks of paper, but the difficulty
was to obtain ships to export it.
'"We are anxious," said Dr. Holste,
"to have friendly relations with Russia-
We are a little nation of three
and a half millions of people and we
don't want to attack Russians. We
are becoming more and more an in
dustrial country; we cannot compete
with Russia in growing grain, and
friendly relations with her will mean
cheap food."
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MANUFACTURERS TO MEET
relrato.c Prom All Parts of Canada
to Assemble at Vancouver, B. C.
VAXCOT7VKR, B. C. May 15. Hun
dreds of delegates from all Darts of.
Canada are-expected to attend the an-i
nuai convention of the Canadian Man
ufacturers' Association here June 7,
8 and 9, according to officers of the
isntisn Columbia division of the asso
ciation. Arrangements have been com
pleted for two special trains from To
ronto to bring delegates and their
wives.
Among resolutions to be considered
will be one urging passage of a law
by the Dominion parliament reouir-
tog goods imported into Canada to be
Btamped wltn the name of the country
of origin. The tariff. It Is itii .h
win occupy a. prominent place in the
oiscussions.
Oil Claim IiOcuted.
CONSUL, Sask. The Imperial Oil
company has filed an oil claim on 20
sectiono of land south of here along
.attie treeit. wens will be sunk. In
the springs
OLD AMERICAN STOCK DYING
OUT, STATISTICS INDICATE
Descendants of Original Families, Two Generations Hence, Will Have
Average of Less Than One Child, Professor of Economics Declares.
THIS old American siock is uyniS
out. Statisticians and investiga
tors leave no room to question
that as a statement of fact. The ques
tions that arise, are what to do
about it, how long the old stock will
still hold out as an appreciable ele
ment of the population and whether
the process of disappearance can be
arrested.
Dr. Amy Hewes. professor of eco
nomics and sociology at .Mount
Holyoke, has made the most recent
contribution to this subject. As the
result of a careful study Dr. Hewes
says that an American family that
is. a family of the old American
stock, the stock that conquered the
wilderness and gave '.he nation its
greatness of today two generations
hence will have on the average less
than, one child.
When that day comes the dura
tion of the old American stock will
be a matter for exact computation
by the life insurance actuaries.
The computations of Dr Hewes
were based on studies of families
of the undergraduates of Mount
Holyoke. They were taken as truly
representative of American stock, as
less than 1 per cent of the stu
dents at -South Hadley are foreign
born, whil 82 per cent are native
born of native born parents. Data
secured from the families of 620
students' showed that in the great
grandmother's generation the aver
age family was five children. In
the grandmothers' generation the
average -was four children. In the
generation of which the present stu
dents are members a strong ten
dency toward a family of two or
three children v-n :: oilert.
The deciins i :. - o7 native
American Xainiiivo io Uuu, in the
opinion of Professor Hewes and her
associates, to economic conditions and
late marriages. The emphasis placed
today upon, a higher standard of
living and the conditions which make
increased-effort necessary in order to
realize that standard Dr. Hewes looks
upon as both a menace and an abuse.
Professor Hewes. unfortunately,
offers no suggestion of a cure for
the evil she sets forth. On the other
hand, those who do suggest a remedy,
while agreeing with Dr. Hewes in her
general conclusion of the rapid de
crease of the old American stock, are
not wholly in accord with her on the
causes.
Prcscott F. Hall, writing in "The
Journal of Heredity" last summer,
said: "The immigration to any coun
try of a given stratum of population
tends to sterilize all strata of higher
social and economic levels- already in
that country. So true is this that
nearly all students of the matter are
agreed that the United States would
have a larger population today if
there had been no immigration since
1S20: and. it is needless to add. a
much more homogeneous population."
Mr. Hall also points out that holes
in the population of a country are
chiefly filled by the chrldren of the
lower classes. In connection with the
effect of emigration on the population
of European countries he says:
"According to Professor Pearson
more than one-half the births in
England are now from .the lowest
one-sixth of the population. In Italy
a similar condition fills the vacuum
left by the very large emigration
from there to North and South
America."
So long as the community Ls rela
tively homogeneous differences in
wealth and social position do not af
fect the birth rate or do so only after
a considerable time, says Mr. Hall.
I It is when the mentally inferior enter
unwilling to have their children as
sociate with the children of these im
migrants in work or social life, thus
lowering the birth rate. He continues:
"Races follow Gresham's law as to
money: th poor of two kinds In the
same place tends to supplant the bet
ter. Mark you. supplant, not drive
out. One of the most common falla
cies is the idea that the natives
whose places are taken by lower tm-
by immigration that the natives arei
migration are 'driven up to more
responsible positions. A few may be
pushed up; more are driven to a new
locality, as happened in the mining
regions, but most are prevented from
coming into existence at all."
- How to Save th Stoolc Told,
Mr. Hall's recipe for sustaining the
old American stock is the restriction
of immigration. He says:
"What is the result of the migra
tion of 1.000.000 persons of lower level
into a country where the average is
of a higher level? Considering the
world as a whole, there are, after a
few years, 2,000,000 persons of the
lower type in the world and probably
from 500.000 to 1,000,000 less of the
higher type. The proportion of low
er to higher in the country from
which the migration goes may remain
the same, but in the country receiv
ing them Tt has risen.
"Of course, the eugenist says at
once that these immigrants are im
proved. We may grant that, although
the improvement is probably much
exaggerated. You cannot make bad
stock into good by changing its me
ridian any more than you can turn a
cart horse into a hunter by putting
it into a fine stable or make a mon
grel a fine dog by teaching it tricks
But such improvement as there is
involves time, expense and trouble:
and when it is done has anything
been gained ? Will any one say that
the races that have supplanted the
old Nordic stock in New England are
any better, or as good, as the de
scendants of that stock would have
been if their birth rate had not been
lowered?
In a community of many races
there is either cross-breeding or there
is not. If there is. the children of
such cros-breeding are liable to in
herit two souls, two temperaments.
two sets of opinions, with the result
in many cases that they are unable
to think or act strongly or consist
ently in any direction. The classic
examples are Cuba, Mexico and Bra
zil. .
"On the other hand. If there is no
crossbreeding the diversity exists In
the original races and in a 'commu
nity full of diverse ideals of all kinds
much of the energy of the higher
type of man is dissipated.
"The moral seems to be this: Eu
genics among individuals is encour
aging the propagation of the fit and
limiting or preventing the multipli
cation of the unfit. World eugenics Is
doing precisely the same thing as to
races considered as wholes. immi
gration restriction Is a species of
segregation on a large scale by which
inferior stocks can be preventea
from both diluting and supplanting
good stocks."
Can't Afford Children, Eionat.
Margaret Sanger explains the eco
nomic action ofa flood of Inferior
immigrants.
"The influx or huge numbers or
lower class Immigrants into a coun
try," she says, in her new. book,
"Woman, and the New Race." soon
to be published by - Brentano's,
"means that the economic burden of
the natives is greatly increased.
They have to carry practically all
the weight of the immigrants. The
consequence is that the natives can
not afford to have children. They
cannot support .and educate large
families according to the standards
of living and education they have
set for themselves and. therefore,
they see to it that they do not have
large families. Meanwhile, the low
grade immigrants. being without
reason or desire to restrict their
families, propagate like animals. The
result is a rapid increase in the lower
grades of the population, among
which will be found an increasing
proportion of deficients, coupled with
an even, more .rapid decrease in the
higher classes. The final result is
the disappearance of the native
stock."
Fair Bather Braves Cold;
Win New Suit.
Mere Main Learaa That No Bet
With Wonaaja Anyway Safe.
CHICAGO. "Let's go in swimming,"
suggested Estelle Gardner to her
friend, Carl Landsman, Saturday
night. c.- .
"In this weather?" said Carl In hor
ror. "I should say not."
"Well. I'm going," answered Estelle,
defiantly, "just to-show you that I'm
not afraid of cold water, and just to
show I mean business. I will bet you
$5 I go swimming tomorrow morn
ing." . ' .
Carl argued until Estelle offered to
bet $10 more. Carl took that bet also.
Yesterday Estelle went in swim
ming at Diversey beach. Landsman
did not gd along, but sent his mother
as witness. '
Landsman paid the bet, but "never
again." says he. "I'm through bet
ting with women. They will do most
anything on a bet."
"I'm going to take the tla and buy
a new bathing suit," said Estelle, "and
then I'm going to make a few more
bets like this. That's an easy way
to make money."
Miss Gardner lives at 2011 North
Clark street and Carl Landsman lives
at 2517 North Clark street..
commission will be composed of rep
resentatives of all interested parties.
The minimum wage will affect women
land boys from 15 to 18.
GUARD AGAINST
The inter-departmental committee
of the bureau of standards at Wash
ington, D. C, has adopted new speci
fications for paint to be purchased
by the government that provide for
not less than 30 per cent of zinc ox
ide in the pigment mixture.
APPENDICIT
1 Sea Device to Be Made.
VANCOUVER, B. C A company
has been formed and a plant located
here to manufacture an invention of
a San Francisco man-for -protecting
piles 11 u ill lurcuus, iiior. wiuu'UuriuK
creatures that create such, navoc to
wooden under-water ' construction.
The device consists of a series of
rings, chains and blocks which hang
about the piles under - water and,
through the action . of the tide cur
rents, keep the piles clear of marine
growth by constant , rubbing.
' ' "
Labor's Honrs Fixed.
CALGARY. Alberta. Alberta will
have a commission to fix 'the hours
oX labor and the minimum wage. This
Appendicitis is caused by poisons
from decaying food in the bowels.
Manv people have a bowel movement
every day, but it is not a COMPLETE
movement and much old, stale matter
stays in the system to ferment and
cause trouble. Often there is only a
small passage in the center of bowels
while the sides are covered with old.
hard matter which rtays in the sys
tem. Besides appendicitis, such un
clean bowels cause influenza, fevers,
headaches and stomach trouble. Old,
hard waste matter sticking to the
sides of the bowels often poisons the
system for months, making you feel
tired all the time and "half-sick."
- Don't allow this old. fermenting
stuff to stay In your bowels but GET
IT OUT and keep it out. Even if your
bowels move slightly each day. that
is not enough. There must be an oc
casional THOROUGH. complete
cleansing to rid your system of all
accumulated decaying waste matter.
rOMl'LRTE SVSTEM CI.EAXSER.
The most COMPLETE system
cleanser known 1 a mixture of buck
thorn bark, glycerine and ten other
ingredients, put up in ready pre; -.red
form under the name of Adler-i-ka.
This mixture is so thorough a bowel
cleanser that it removes foul and
poisonous matter which other cath
artic or laxative mixtures are unable
to dislodge. It loosens and dissolves
foul matter sticking to the sides of
the intestines, .working without the
least discomfort or trouble. It is so
fentle that one forgets he has taken
i until the THOROUGH evacuation
starts. It is astonishing, the great
amount of foul, poisonous matter ONE
SPOONFUL of Adler-i-ka draws from
the alimentary canal matter you
would never have thought was in
your system. Try rt right after a
natural ' bowel movement and notice
bow much MORE foul matter will be
brought out which was poisoning
your system. In slight disorders such
as occasional constipation, sour stom
ach, "gas on the stomach" or sick
headache, ONE spoonful aVways
brings relief. Adler-i-ka is a con
stant surprise to people who have
used only ordinary bowel and stom
ach medicines and the various oils
and waters.
REPORTS FROM PHYSICIAN'S
"I use Adler-i-ka in my practice
and have found nothing to excel it."
(Signed) Dr. W. A. Line.
"1 have been very successful with
Adler-i-ka. Some cases require only
one dose." (Signed) Dr. F. M. Pretty
man. "I have found nothing In my 50
...... n.aMin. a .... a 1 lU,i.lr. .
J . . U . j - ........ . .. w
(Signed) Dr. James Weaver.
"One of our leading doctors has
used Adler-i-ka in cases of stomach
trouble with wonderful success. H
has not lrtsT a natietit and snveri mnnv
operations." (Signed) Druggist I.
Hawks.
"I had bad stomach trouble. After
taking Adler-i-ka. feel better than
for 20 years. Haven't language to
express the AWFUL IMPURITIES
which were eliminated from my ys
tem." (Signed) J. E. Puckett.
"Thanks to Adler-i-ka. I can sleep
all night now. something 1 could not
do for years." (Signed) Cora E.
Noblett.
"I could not eat a thing, my Btom--ch
was so weak. Adler-i-ka mad
me feel better and am now able to
work and gaining." (Signed) Mrs.
L. A. Austin.
Adler-i-ka is sold by leading drug
gists everywhere. Write for fre
booklet about appendicitis. Adlerika
Co., Dept. 18. St. Paul. Minn. Sold in
Portland at Skidinore'e and other
druggists. Adv.