THE STJNDAT OREGOlNTATf, PORTLAND, JANUARY 18, 1920
5
GOOD BRAKES HUGE
FACTOR IN MOTORING
Bringing Car to Stop More
Important Than Starting.
KEEP BRAKES IN REPAIR
Bud Breaks on Part of Both Motor
ist and Pedestrian Emphasize
Aecd for Good Brakes.
First they had trouble starting
them and now the big problem is to
make them stoD.
According- to Thermoid or, to be
exact, the Thermoid Rubber company.
producer of brake lining and tires
this is a summary of the automotive
industry. And in its "make them
etop" propaganda the company i
doing much toward educating both
motorist and pedestrian to the need
of adequate equipment and careful
driving.
When a machine is supposed to go.
nd does not. inconvenience alone re
suits. But when it suddenly becomes
necessary to stop a car and it cannot
be stopped, then something serious
happens, probably the least serious
being the wrecking of the machine.
Therefore, those advocates of careful
attention to the brakes of a motor
car or truck are really missionaries
in the cause of eliminating, or at
least reducing, - the number of auto
mobile accidents.
There are two elements which
enter into the problem bad breaks
on the part of either driver or pedes
trian which are responsible for the
predicaments which make quick stops
necessary, and good brakes to' bring
the machine to a stop within the
shortest possible time and smallest
distance. Laws of inertia, friction
and motion make It a practical im
possibility to stop a machine instant
ly, . however slowly it is moving.
Therefore an added measure of cau
tion is necessary.
All Up to the Brakes.
"Ninety per cent of the accidents
occur while the machine is moving at
a speed of less than 15 miles an
hour," says George R. Keith, district
representative of the Thermoid Rub
ber company. "Speed is not necessarily
an element to accidents. A poor
brake is just as dangerous on a car
moving at 10 miles an hour as on a
machine traveling 50. A good brake
ts just as efficient because the great-
Francisco, Pacific coast manager of'
the White company. Some of these
old-timers are still running.
"The departure of. the White- com
pany into the truck industry marked
an epoch in truck development. Ex
pert engineers used their best efforts
to perfecting this truck and year by
year improved their designs.
"All this time passenger cars, bunt
by the White company, were being
improved. aa white steam car was
abandoned for the easoline vehicle
and design progressed.
men came the announcement of
the engineers and officers of the com
pany that White would not build a
truck with anything but chain drive
for -heavy-duty models until some
thing better was perfected. They
stuck to this idea until some other
form of final drive was evolved that
was more efficient than the chain
drive and better. This the White
company engineers found after years
or work and study, the double reduc
tion gear drive.
This form of final drive is now
used for White heavy duty trucks,
and hundreds of trucks in active
service all over the world attest its
ernciency.
"The double-reduction gear drive.
as used in White trucks, delivers
maximum power to the rear wheels.
This form of final drive combines all
the advantages of the chain drive,
with none of the disadvantages.
White trucks in -use in hard eerv-
ice In the northern woods during the
LINCOLN
HIGHWAY
IS
NUCLEUS FOR SYSTEM
Main Line Road Becomes
Backbone of Continent.
ROAD NEED EMPHASIZED
War Brought Some Lessons of Good
Roads an.d Assured Acces
sary Co-operation..
DETROIT, Mich.r Jan. 17. All
America is interested In the Lincoln
highway. This great road, laid out
and proclaimed as a memorial to
Lincoln by the Lincoln Highway as
sociation in 1913. .as the first great
tf-rely promoting the construction of
the route.
The Lincoln Highway association's
headquarters here has Just completed
a careful compilation of the expendi
tures made by the various states and
counties through which the Lincoln
highway passes upon its improve
ment during the past year. The Lin
coln highway, which was at first
largely a series of connecting county
roads, has gradually become, tnrougn
official action of the various states,
an integral portion of the several
state highway systems with the result
that the tabulation of expenditures
provided direct to the association by
the state highway departments of the
eleven states traversed very accur
ately indicates not only amounts ex
pended, but the mileage of Improve
ment accomplished.
In the majority of states federal aid
has largely augmented the state and
county funds, the route having been
established as a federal aid road to be
improved directly under the inspec
tion ofthe government for more than
three-quarters of its total distance
between New York and San Francisco.
In the following table prepared by
the, Lincoln Highway association,
showing the expenditures of the Lin
coln highway in each state traversed,
the amount of federal and- state aid
accurately reported through the high
way departments is augmented by
such-scattered county reports as were
available. In nearly every state, how
ever ,the expenditures were larger
WELL-KNOWN SINGER AND
BUICK SEDAN IN WHICH HE VIEWED FOR FIRST TIME THE
COLUMBIA RIVER HIGHWAY.
HI , x" ' r - I
it - 4 ' M ? x- lf J1
II " " If; O. ,:? . if
fir t- . ' V1
" " - ' lSj ' '
pSr Will your car do this ?
'A rTTTT " 20.8ft. ritw .
Leading cntomobile engineers have
worked out the accompanyin g chart.
It shows how quickly an automobile
going at various speeds, should ba
able to stop, providing the brake
mechanism is efficient and aoad
conditions a vera sc.
summer and fall of 1919 proved that
this form of drive was correctly de
signed. In carrying capacity loads of
lumber over rough roads or in the
service of big concerns in hauling
gasoline and oil. the performance was
the same.
These trucks earned money for
their owners and are still producing."
JOH.V HMD, TE.VOR, DECLARES OREGON HAS WORLD'S GREATEST SCENIC HIGHWAY,
George W. can. manager of the Portland branch of the Howard Automobile company, with Mrs. Dean, was host
er the speed the greater the oraKing i last Sunday to John Hand, the tenor: his manager, John Russon. and accompanist, ia var J en son, on a xrip out tne
effort in proportion. But it must be Columbia river highway and .dinner following at Chanticleer. The trip was arranged through Mr. Kusson, himself
remembered that the physical laws an enthusiastic Buick owner. Mr. Hand doesn't yet own any car, having Just learned to drive, but he was mightily
are to be considered in calculating nleased at the opportunity given him by Mr. Dean to pilot the sedan in from Multnomah falls. He declared the
the distance in which an automobile Columbia river highway tour the greatest scenic trip he has ever taken, and at that the highway in this cold
will stop. No moving body can be weather Is far from being at its best.
stopped instantly.
"According to the standardization
table prepared by the company, the
following is what a motor car should
do if its brakes are in good condition:
At 10 miles an hour it should stop in
9.2 feet: at 15 miles, 30.8 feet: 20
miles, 37 feet; 25 miles. 58 feet; 30
miles, 83.3 feet; 35 miles. 104 feet; 40
miles, 148 feet, and 50 miles. 231 feet.
"From this comparison should be
learned the lesson of not expecting
the machine to do the impossible.
The driver who makes an effort to
slacken the speed of his machine
until he is almost to the stopping
point Is flirting with' danger. The
pedestrian who defies a driver by
Bauntering slowly across the street
In front of a motor car, relying on
his rights as a pedestrian to gain safe
passage for him. is taking a chance
that the driver will not be able to
stop the car. These misunderstand
ings, rather than any malice afore
thought, are what arraign pedestrian
against motorist In affixing the
blame for accidents. A general edu
cation and comprehen:lon on both
sides is necessary to the good of the
cause.
Jay Walker Always With TJs.
HIGHWAY ALL-YEAR ROAD
H. T. McKAT PROVES IT BY
TRIP DOWN TO MEXICO.
Mud Is Found in Some Sections but
Going Is Not Bad and Fast ' .
Time Is Made.
Proving the Pacific highway an all
year road from British Columbia to
"Any motorist will admit that the I the extreme limits of southern Cali
trakes are the most important part fornia and to Mexico, if you please,
of his car as far as his satety is con- H T McKay of 800 Robinson street.
attention to his-brakes, the motorist " ' ' , , . . ,,
loses his appreciation of their impor- I Irom I1M x"-"uo -lL " "
tance. No precaution is taken until ana aepartea witnm a aay or two
the brakes refuse to work and he has I over the Pacific highway for Los An-
a narrow escape or possibly an accl- Peies, CaL He is driving a new model
dent. The tiraKes or a motor car are -R; 192o Hupmobile roadster.
inconsequential until tney are neeueu. 0 lts arrivai j Portland the Hup
At that moment of need, however. 1 scattered with heavy gobs ol
they at once assume proportions of mud from head to foot, but Mr. Mc
great importance. .... Kay explained that, aside from 15
numau nature is buswcisliuiw iw
mistakes. Jay walking probably, can
be diminished but never eliminated.
There are always fools among mo
torists who take chances. Education
and good brakes form the antidote.
miles of sluggish and rough road in
southern Washington, the roads from
Vancouver to Portland are fairly
good.
He did, however, depart from the
regular Pacific highway at Kalama,
Together these influences are work- Wash by ferrying across to Goble
lng for the safer motoring era which
Is fast aDDroaching.
A few minutes at any busy street
Intersection will demonstrate clearly
to the observant person just how 1m
portant brakes are to a motor car.
A car suddenly approaches from
around the corner brakes of both
machines are brought Into action. The
machine' stops to permit traffic to
pass brakes give the pedestrian con
fidence and he starts to cross even
before the vehicle has stopped.
Someone darts out from between
few parked machines and a sudden
on the Oregon shore. Mr. McKay
made the drive from Vancouver, B.
C, to Seattle in 11 hours. For nine
miles of that distance the mud was
up to the hubs of his car, necessitat
ing, a fight with slush which made
three hours the running time for that
short stretch. The rest of the way
he could average around 20 miles to
the hour.
Despite the thickness of the mud
in some places, Mr. McKay's car did
not hold him up once for any engine
or machine trouble, one puncture be
application of the brakes is the only IU " "'
thing that saves an ambulance call.
A machine starts from parking posi- I An English syndicate has purchased
tion without signaling and a col-Iall of the 16,000 reserve motor ve
lision is averted by good brakes. A hides from the American third army
street car turns in another direction I at Coblenz, Germany.
while a machine is about to cross in
front of it- A big truck suddenly ap
pears from an alleyway. All these
occasions call for good brakes and
teach the lesson of paying attention
to this important mechanical part of
an automobile.
highway of national Importance, has
come to be looked upon as America's
"Object Lesson Road." It has come
to be, through the commanding im
portance of its strategic location, the
main line or backbone of a gradually
developing national system of high
ways. Every American interested In the
great constructive accomplishments
of the nation will be interested to
learn that the year of 1919, following
so closely upon the heels of the war,
witnessed the greatest constructive
development on the Lincoln highway
ever accomplished in a single year.
As the United States office of public
roads has annc-inced, every organ
ization in the country having any part
n highway Improvement can feel sat
isfaction in the fact that road build
ing was the one big public activity
which got under way promptly fol
lowing the war, which opened a large
field for unemployed labor, and which
offered a market for construction ma
terial.
War Helps Movement. ;
The war gave a tremendous im
petus to American highway construc
tion, as its lessons had a highly bene
ficial effect upon public opinion, with
the result that there was almost a
universal demand for proper perma
nent highway improvement in every
part of the country as soon as the war
ended. Moreover, during 1917 high
way construction in every part of the
country was greatly curtailed, and
came almost to a stop in 1918, with a
result that road conditions had be
come very bad. even on the most im
portant main highways in every sec
tion of the country, while highway
funds had continued to pile up in the
treasuries of the various counties and
Btates and were available for the un
dertaking of great construction proj
ects early in 1919.
In many states large bond issues
for highway construction had been
passed In wartime with the provision
that the bonds should be sold and the
work started after the war.
As a result of. all conditions 1919
will doubtless be looked upon as the
real siari ui waai win iaier pruuavu
be considered as the era of American
highway building. While, it cannot be
said that 1919. marked the climax of
Lincoln highway actlvitly. In view of
the fact that plans for 1920 indicate
even greater accomplishments, never
theless, the year's developments along
the Lincoln highway are an excellent
barometer of the highway situation in
this country generally. The actual
Improvements accomplished on the
Lincoln highway in ii Did lair to
equal the combined work of the pre
vious five years during which the
Lincoln Highway association was ac
Smashed to splinters
Yet the car was going only 15 miles an hour
than the actual detailed figures re
ported. -
Expenditures on the Lincoln high
way, 1919, new construction, recon
struction and maintenance:
New Jericy $1.3SS.!572.00
Pennsylvania . 1.41S.19.S
Ohio ,):. 708. 10
Indiana 742.21S.UO
Illinois .......... l,4:(0.1i;().-.'S
Iowa ..
Nebraska .. ..... . 613.023.00
Wyoming . I-J7.0O0.04
Utah . 22o.5-2S.54
Nevada, ... . 411.040.33
California .................... U75.5uO.O0
MOST people think of a reck
less driver as one who goes
streaking along country roads at
SO miles an hour, or shooting
through city streets ' faster than
the law allows.
Yet official records show that
76 of all automobile accidents
occur when the car is going 15
miles an hour or less.
Safety, for yourself and your car,
is not a matter of how fast you are
going, but how quickly you can stop.
Few motorists know how quickly
they should be able to stop their
car. It is so easy to assume the
brakes are right until an emer
gency showsthey are all wrong.
How to avoid accidents
A simple inspection of your
brakes at frequent intervals will
make them a source of protection
instead of danger.
Perhaps a tightening of the brake
rods, or an adjustment of the equal
izer is all that is needed. The
garage 'man will know if relining
is necessary.
Why Thermoid Brake Lining is
safest and wears longest
In each square inch of Thermoid
Brake Lining there is 40 more
ma terial than in ordinary brake
lining. This additional body gives
a closer texture which is made
tight and compact by hydraulic
compression under 2,000 lbs.
pressure. In addition . to this,
Thermoid is Grapnalized, an
exclusive process in manufacture
which enables it to resist moisture,
oil and gasoline.
Have your brakes inspected to
day. Remember that every foot
of Thermoid is backed by Oar
Guarantee: Thermoid will matt
good or WE WILL.
Thermoid Rubber LompamJ
Factory and Main Offices, Trenton, N.J.
New York. Chicago. San Francisco. Detroit.
Los Angeles. Philadelphia, Cleveland. Pittsburgh,
Boston. London, Pnria. Turin
CANADIAN DISTRIBUTORS
he Canadian Fiirbanks-Morsa Comotnyi
Limited. Montreal
Hmncnra in all principal Canadian cities
ft wi.YVfc
.." fix
V-.. ... .11
, Jl
Total -18.886.800.31
To the foregoing must be added
much of the county construction and
maintenance wort and city paving.
lor wnicn it is impossible to get ac
curate detailed figures. Conservative
estimates resulting , from actual in
spection of such work In progress in
dicates that these unreported expen
ditures amounted to over 1500.000 in
1919. . -
Total financing for Lincoln way Im
provement, 1919: .
Detailed expenditures reported.; 8.RW.R00 81
Unreported improvement Vork 500.000 00
r unaa provided lor contracts
1.323.112.59
Totai $11,709,812.80
Amounts Spent In Six Years.
To give significance to the
of the foregoing figures as showing
the tremendous impetus given Lincoln
way. improvement during the year,
the association presents the following
table indicating amounts expended for
Lincoln nignway construction and
maintenance during each vear sinoa
the association actively undertook its
work. t
Yearly expenditures on the T.lnin
nignway:
ALONG THREE RIVERS SECTION OF TILLAMOOK ROAD.
l
TRUCK NOT GAMBLE 1W
BCT rV EAKLT DATS BUYER
WAS TAKING A CHANCE.
White Company Really Builder of
the First Motor Truck
Along In 1909.
In the days of long ago the men
who bought motor trucks were con
sidered somewhat in the nature of
gamblers and to a great extent they
were.
In 1909. when "White built the first
truck, the motor car industry was in
Its infancy. We all remember the
cars of those days. Some of them
6till had the doors in the rear, so that
those who entered had to climb steps
and sit with nothing but atmosphere
over them. There were no wind
shields and tops were unheard of.
Trucks were uncertain and ran
sometimes, and more often did not.
They were built on passenger car
chasses with truck bodies and were
more or less makesnirt.
"Then White built a truck that was
at real ' truck from ona end to the
other." says G. A. TJrquhart of San I
- , .
-j.
e-i
1. Ki.r ... -,"?.. i
i t ism 4:, ;:! 1
. -J 1.200.000.00
. . 2, 5S0, 280.00
. . 4.1!8,Ho.OO
. . 2..-.no,91S.9fl.
. . L'.11HH.307.77
. tr.38S.800.31
1914
1015 .
116
117. war "
1918. war "
1910
Total expenditures on Lincoln
way in six jreara. ......... .$22,362 472 04
It is Interesting to note that tha
total amount spent for Lincoln hlc-h
way improvement by all of the states
crossed by the road between the two
coasts in 1914 was less than the
amount spent . on the work In four
separate states during the past year.
The association also points out that
contracts covering a total of 1S9S
miles of permanent Improvement were
let in 1919 in seven of the -states
traversed by the route. thetptal
amount or tnese contracts aggregat
TFrrrtoTB Brake Lining
Hydraulic Compressed
Ma&ere of "Thermoul-ILardy Universal Joints" and "Tnermoid Croluic Compound Urea
Ordinary Woven
Lining
NooVe the Inosely tma
torture. Meorj down
ruickly end unevenly,
Imsing iti gripping
power as it wears.
Thermeld Hydraulic
Ca m praaaad
BrakeUnlna
Notice the compact too
lure. Wears down
Slowly. Gives uniform
gripping surf net . until
wafer thin.
lng an adidtional J2, 232, 112. 59 money
already provided and in addition to
that actually expended for work com
pleted in" 1919. It will thus be seen
that total financing for Lincoln high
way improvement during the past
year has amounted to close to 1-,-
000,000, only about a million short of
the total actual expenditures for the
five years 1913 through 1918.
377 Miles of Pavement.
While construction costs are Inter
esting as reflecting the increasing de
mand for proper permanent improve
ment and a correspondingly increased
willingness to liberally provide the
necessary money for the work, the
tourist or traveler or those interested
in highway freight transportation.
will be more easily concerned with
the constructive results accomplished
through these expenditures.
The Lincoln Highway association
points out as significant the Increas
ing proportion of the total expendi
tures which are permanently invested
in standard types of construction de
signed to meet the traffic of the
future. In addition to the consider
able cost of properly maintaining
such a heavily traveled road as the
Lincoln highway. 377.33 miles of new
permanent work was accomplished on
the Lincoln highway during 1919.
This new mileage was of the fol
lowing types:
Concrete 121.14
Brick 21.2S
Bituminous macadam 17.01
Macadam . 23.73
Gravel 6'.).
Shale 2.00
Permanent earth grade 117.80
Total 377.33
West of the Mississippi progress to
ward the ultimate achievement of the
Lincoln highway Ideal has been. If
anything, more notable than that ac
complished in the east, for the reason
that during the past year fundamental
difficulties have been removed In
ravafdI RtatAs ft Ti H ii ttafii n n H onen
route in line for rapid betterment
opened from the Mississippi to San
Francisco bay.
With the exception of California,
Iowa is the one state west of the
Mississippi through which the Lincoln
highway passes which is fully capable
of Itself financing the adequate and
permanent completion of the road.
Antiquated legislation, which was the
main barrier to proper highway Im
provement in Iowa, was superseded
which will enable the prompt perma
nent construction of all of the im
portant main line roads. Including the
Lincoln way, which was established
as one of the state highways.
WHKX YOU'RE STUCK IX 5ITJD
Don't Dig Your Grave by Racing
Wheels Around.
"A motorist often digs his own grave
because he doesn't remember that the
slower a wheel turns thsj more trac
tion it has." said C. L. Boss. Hudson,
Chalmers, Essex andi Maxwell dealer.
"Nine owners out of 10, when stuck
in" the mud, will put their cars in low
gear and then, raoe their engines,
shortening the life of both tire and
motor. With the wheels going at such
a pace it is Impossible to get any
traction, even if straw or twigs are
placed beneath the treads and tire
chains will be clipped around idly.
The effect is usually to dig a deeper
hole and increase the difficulty.
' "The correct way Is to pack cloth
or twigs beneath the wheels, use low
gear and, only speed the motor suffi
ciently to take the clutch without
stalling.
I
Don't fail to stop, look and listen
at railroad crossings.
Typical of road conditions la thii district. For the first time the road to
Tillamook now Is passable tn mid-winter. Though road work in the
Grand Ronde Indian reservation has ceased until sprLasr. a Crew of men
is still at work in the Three Rivers section nnd a good many sharp pitches
like the one shown here are belnir eliminated. The car la a Chalmers, the
man, Ted Herliu. Chalmers t err at. or in an for the C. L U'Jmm Automobile
EPUBLIC TRUCKS
69 Makes of Trucks
Represented in Oregon
Only a Few Are Well Represented
; ,
V
Buy Trucks From "An Established Dealer
and Receive THE SERVICE You Are Entitled To
s
ROBERTS MOTOR CAR CO.
BOISE, IDAHO
PORTLAND, OREGON
Largest Exclusive Truck Dealer in the Northwest
PERFORMANCE COUNTS
TENSHUN!
Truck Owners
Fall Into Line
Forward to 1NIACK truck headquar
ters. Inspect the chassis on display there
with all working parts exposed.
The chassis is over on one side, but
is functioning just the same as it would
were it on the road.
Then report to Col. Conscience, your
commanding officer.
He will instruct you that your busi
ness demands you equip with motor
trucks. Your inspection of this display
chassis will convince you that the best
. for you to buy is a
Mack Truck
This ftlACK display chassis will
prove to you that there is nothing about
the construction of a MACK truck we
desire to conceal.
In fact, we desire to show you every
thing there is about it. We know there
is not a mechanical weakness about the
RIACK truck, and if you can show us
any place, wherein an improvement
may be made, we shall appreciate the
suggestion.
If you care to learn how 1NIACKS
perform on the road we will give you
9 list of owners and you may ask any
of them anywhere.
Mack-International
Motor Truck Corporation
Tenth and Davis Streets
Broadway 691
-1