7
VALVE-IN-HEAD NOW
RECOGNIZED LEADED
SEMAPHORE SAFETY SIGNAL THAT HELPS ELIMINATE ACCIDENTS.
Latest Motor Development
Declared Triumph.
MANY ADVANTAGES NOTED
Superiority Over Old Type Motors
in - All Respects Declared
Clearly Demonstrable.
THE UNIVERSAL
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. PORTLAND. DECEMBER 28. 1919.
The story of the valve-in-head
motor is brimful of interest to motor
ists everywhere. Today in the world
of gasoline motors the only motor that
is on the increase is the valve-in-head.
Only two prominent manufac
turers in 1914 used the valve-in-head
motor. One was the Buick Motor
company, pioneer builders of valve-in-head
motors. The majority of
people, including thousands of auto
mobile owners, are bewildered when
the subject of internal combustion en
gine comes up for discussion.
For a comparison of valve-in-head
motors with the "T" and "L" types,
perhaps the simplest illustration is
the hotel hallway. Take this hallway
for example. All the doors leading
to the various rooms are closed. At
the end of the hall are two windows,.
also closed. Open the door of the last
room on the left. Two windows are
on the far side of the room. Here we
have a typical "L" head motor. The
hallway itself Is the cylinder and the
room on the left at the end of the
hall is the valve chamber, or pocket,
as it is called. The two windows on
the far side of the room are the
valves, one an inlet valve and the
other an outlet valve.
T-Head Motor Explained.
Atr in order to reach the hall has to
enter the window of the room, pass
through the room out the door into
the hall. In the L-head motor the
gas enters the valve, passes through
the valve chamber or pocket and "then
into the cylinder proper. To get a
concrete idea of a T-head motor all
that is necessary Is to open the door
on the opposite side of the hall.
A T-head motor has two valve
chambers or pockets, the intake valve
being on one side of the cylinder and
the outlet valve on the other side Just
as in the hallway. Now close the
doors on both the rooms, leaving no
inlet or outlet to the hall way except
the two windows at the head of the
hall. Here we have the valve-in-head
motor. These windows play the part
of the valves. Tha'.'s what the term
means the valves are in the head of
the motor, Just as the two windows
are at the head of the hall. It is easy
to see how much easier it is to let the
air in and out of that hall through
these two windows than it would be
through the windows at the far sides
of the adjacent rooms. Now to apply
these principles: Why does the valve-in-head
motor give more power for
the same amount of fuel?
Step No. 1 in the production of
power in an automobile engine is the
introduction of vaporized gas into the
upper end of the cylinder. This gas
enters through the intake valve.
Meanwhile the piston head returning
under momentum from its previous
downward stroke compresses this gas.
At the highest point of compression
the electric spark explodes. When the
electric spark Jumps from one of the
terminal wires in the spark plug to
the other terminal an eighth of an
inch away the compressed gas is set
on fire and explodes.
Explosion Drives Piston.
This explosion equals violent ex
pansion. The gas struggles in every
direction to get out of the cylinder.
From every point save one it is hurled
back. The piston head is the one spot
on tbe surface that yields under the
strain. Unable to withstand the at
tack it is forced downward. The drive
shaft revolves, the rear axle turns,
the wheels spin and the automobile is
off.
Getting the dead gas out of the cyl
inder after the explosion is another
important matter. After each explo
sion in the cylinder there is a residue
of dead gases. The inside of the cyl
inder walls must be constantly lubri
cated so that the piston will work up
and down with the least possible fric
tion. Some of the lubricating oil is
burned with each explosion and this
leaves a residue of carbon in the cyl
inder. It is the duty of the piston head
in the up and down stroke following
the explosiono push all of those dead
gases, including the carbon, out of the
cylinder. If they are not pushed out
they mix with the next charge of
gasoline vapor and weaken it, dimin
ishing the power of the next explo
sion. ' In the L and T-head motor .these
gases have to turn corners, as it were,
in order to escape. First they must
go to the valve chambers and thence
to the outlet, the exhaust valve. In
variably In these types of motors a
portion of these gases fail to get out.
The valve opens for only the smallest
fraction of a second. You cannot be
gin to see it with the naked eye.
Only One Place to Go.
Naturally some of the gas gets
"left" some of the time. But In the
valve-in-head motor the gases do not
get left owing to the fact that the
exhaust valve is directly in the top of
the cylinder Just like the window at
the head of the hallway. Consequently
when the piston starts upward these
gases take a straight shoot for the
opening with no corners to turn and
no projections to stop them or cran
niea or pockets to retard their flight.
This means that in the, vaive-in-head
motor the cylinders are always
clean. In the L and T types it is im
possible to make the inside of the
vaive chambers or pockets smooth
There are little projections and ranch.
nesses and these catch and hold the
carbon deposits. These deposits be
come- heated. When they are red hot
they Ignite the incoming charges of
gasoline vapor before the proper time
The gas is exploded before it is com
pressed, burned, but without any re
sultant power. This Is pre-ignition
All automobile men know Hat for
best results it is necessary to have
quick and complete explosion. To e-et
this it is necessary to have the spark
plug as near the gas as possible. In
an L and T type of motor the flame
has to travel a great deal farther
than In the valve-in-head for the sim
pie reason that the diameter of the
combustion chamber Is greater. In
the valve-in-head motor ihis diameter
is simply the diameter of the cylinder
itself, while in the other two types
the flame has to travel to the far
corners of the valve chambers or
pockets.
An automobile motor is a heat en
gine. A theoretically perfect motor
wouia oe one in which an extremelv
high temperature could be maintained
in the metal cylinders. It is not prac
tical, however, to operate an automo
bile motor with its cylinder surfaces
overheated. Consequently a cooling
device is provided.
The cylinder walls are surrounded
by a hollow jacket, which is kept full
of water. In this cooling operation a
number of heat units are necessarily
wasted and destroyed. But the smaller
the surface of the cylinder walls to
The
Ford Car
Proves
Its Power
Under the most adverse conditions through the worst storms
and snows- in thirty years the Ford Car has again proved its power
and efficiency throughout the state of Oregon.
THIS SIGNAL LETS MOTBIST BEHIND KNOW WHAT MAN AHEAD IS UOIKG TO DO.
Dr. E. DeWitt Connell (left) and E. D. Birkholz (right), general agent in Oregon and southwestern Wash
ington for the Kobzy semaphore signal, demonstrating one of the signals Mr. Birkholz has Just Installed on Dr.
Con.nell's car. The semaphore with "stop" Is up in the picture. The signal also has semaphores for "right" and i
"left," which are thrown into position by touching a lever on the steering wheel. Mayor Baker, Chief of Police
Jenkins and Public Safety Commissioner Coffin are using these semaphores.
be cooled the greater the efficiency of
the motor.
In the L and T types, with side
pockets cast into the cylinders for the
Insertion of the inlet and exhaust
valves, the combustion chamber is en
larged by the exact amount of extra
surface in these pockets, and these
pockets must be as perfectly water
jacketed as the remainder of the cyl
inder wall.
The result Is a greater amount of
cooling surfaceand the consequent
greater loss of heat units.
The valve-ln-head motor develops
more power than the L and T types
of the same size owing to the fact
it has no valve chambers or pockets
and presents less surface to the cool
ing agent and therefore loses fewer
heat units.
DUAL VALVES WIN PRAISE
LOXDOX TIMES SPEAKS HIGH
LY OF FIERCE-ARROW.
MANY TRUCKS OPERATING
TOTAL FOR 24 STATES SHOWS
TO BE 314,029.
Writer in Famous English -Paper
Declares Performance of Car
Justifies Reputation.
Honest approval of the famous dual
valve six models produced by the
Pierce-Arrow Motor Car company of
Buffalo, N. Y., is given by a critic
writing in the November 4 issue of
the London Times under the heading
of "New American Motor Cars." Be
cause of the pride taken by the Brit
ish in their own quality automobiles,
the opinion is of unusual interest.
The critic says:
"The Pierce-Arrow is familiar by
name to most people at home as one
of America's best-known productions.
It is essentially a car in which all
consideraMons of price, within rea
sonable limits, have been submerged
in favor of luxury of appointments
and perfection of running.
"The six-cylinder engine has a dou
ble valve system, two inlet and two
exhaust valves being set on opposite
sides. A conservative and unusual
feature is the three-pair casting. Two
separate systems of battery ignition
are fitted, the magneto having been
abandoned. The gearbox provides four
forward speeds, instead of the usual
three.
"The car is exceptionally well
sprung and well balanced. Several
sharp corners were purposely taken
at high speeds and at each the sta
bility was very noticeable. Weight
distribution has been carefully stud
ied. Acceleration, high clfmbing and
flexibility were alike excellent in the
Pierce-Arrow. The Pierce-Arrow shows
high quality in its class and its per
formance Is commensurate."
The performance of the dual-valved
engine, with its increased power and
flexibility, recently has neen refined
by the introduction of a dual-ignition
system. Another improvement is in the
transmission, which permits of easier
firear-shlfting.
These Figures Are Only From
States Requiring Seperate Reg
istration of Trucks.
There are 314.021 motor trucks In
the 24 states which make a separate
tabulation of commercial vehicles,
according- to statistics gathered by
the B. F. Goodrich Rubber company.
The other states make no distinction
between passenger cars and trucks in
their registration records, making a
national total impossible to compile.
However, it is estimated that the
pinnd total will reach more than
700.000. ,
This estimate Is based on average
estimates for all states which keep
no record of trucks. Among tbe
states with heavy truck registry are:
New York, Illinois, California, Iowa,
Indiana, Minnesota and Missouri.
The states which record trucks sep
arately and their registration follow:
Ohio S7.000
Massachusetts 88.150
Pennsylvania 3ft.tlf
Michigan 30.!7!i
New Jersey MM
Connecticut 1B.340
Kaneaa lu.noo
Tennessee 10.(KM
Maryland 9.8KI
Wisconsin 9.7011
Alabama 9.230
South Carolina :
Kentucky 7,789
North Carolina 8.BOO
Rhode Island 6.30O
Florida 6.175
Georgia 6.00O
Maine 5.219
Utah 4.478
West Virginia 4.670
New Hampshire 8,000
Vermont 2.115
Missouri .... 1.600
Total 814,029
Oregon, Incidentally, has 5158
trucks, besides 3604 Ford trucks. It
is not in the foregoing list because
truck registrations are not kept sep
arate from those of passenger cars.
TRUCKS FAST OUSTING HORSE
Stables in New York City Reduced
From 10,547 to 7030.
Investigations carried out by the
sanitary bureau of the New York de
partment of health show that the
motor truck is rapidly emptying the
stables of the nation. These statis
tics are part of a survey being made
by the sales department of the
Clydesdale Motor Truck company of
Clyde. Ohio, preparatory to an inten
sive sales campaign.
In 1917 the bureau found that there
were 10,547 stables In New York city.
In 1919 these has been reduced to T9I0.
In the same time the number of horses
had been reducel from 108.036 to 75.
170. A decade ago the passenger car
took one btg job from the horse, and
now the truck is robbing him of his
last opportunity for service.
Upholstery Cleaner.
There is no better agent for clean
ing leather upholstery than the old
fashioned formula: Raw linseed oil
and turpentine mixed in proportions
of two of the former to one of the
latter. For cloth upholstery, which
is so much used in closed car work,
the best cleaning agent is plain cold
water and a solution of three-quar
ters of an ounce of common salt and
two ounces of either grain or wood
alcohol. The mixture Is rubbed on
the cloth with a sponge and dampened
in the solution.
PAIGE KEPT ON RUNNING
COAL- STRIKE DIDN'T STOP
OUTPUT AT DETROIT.
Battery of Automobile Motors Kept
Machinery in Operation AH
the Time.
Operation of Its entire plant by
means of passenger automobile mo
tors was an emergency method adopt
ed by the Paige-Detroit Motor Car
company during the recent coal crisis
which made it possible to obviate a
complete shutdown.
The Paige was the first of a com
paratively few big Detroit plants that
continued to turn out cars and keep
a large force of men at work through
out this period.
When it became known that the
Paige plant could operate only to the
extent of two-fifths of its normal
current consumption, plans were,
hastily made to equip a number of
"Six" motors and transmissions with
the necessary attachments to connect
with the various machinery units.
Within 24 hours the battery of mo
tors was fitted with pulleys, placed in
position, belted to the overhead shaft,
lng and ready to go. Qn the day that
government restriction on soft coal
went into effect, the emergency power
plant was put into operation and for
the entire period kept the Patge fac
tory in operation.
In spite of pulling a capacity load
at a speed of 800 revolutions, day
after day, the "-65" motors performed
100 per cent efficiently, making II
possible for the company to keep at
work.
Speckled Varnish.
The varnish of a new car Is likely
to become speckled after Its first ex
perlence with rain. These tiny spots
are not easy to get off, but It is al
ways possible, to render them less
noticeable by applying a mixture of
raw Unseed oil and malt vinegar, sup
plemented by a considerable appltca
tion. of "eltjow grease."
MORE EVIDENCE
BRUTE STRENGTH
That prime necessity in a motor truck is built right into the
rt, Tmc
Heppner, Or. f "Also Buy a Master"
TRUCK
112, 2, 3y2 and 5
Tons
INTERNAL GEAR
TEMKEN WORM
t Two Drives
Oregon Motor Car Co.
Distributors
BROADWAY AT BURNSIDE
-j MORE EVIDENCE
You watched them every day doing their utmost at a time when
E ractically all other means of transportation were tied up or crippled
y the storms. You saw Ford Cars everywhere, always doing, always
helping. They compelled your admiration of their power, their sturdy
strength and their indomitable energy. You realized, as never before,
that the Ford Car more than earns its way wherever it goes.
The Ford Car is the most efficient and economical transportation the world has ever
known.
That is why there are over three and one-half million Ford Cars now in use. That is
why more than a million more will be bought this year. The demand is greater than ever,
because of what it has done and is doing in the world's great work.
Get this wonderful Car working for you. It will increase your earning power, double
your time, add to your efficiency and improve your health.
It is not an expense or a luxury even to the wage earner. It is a personal and business
asset to every owner. Don't be without it any longer. Place your order now and make sure
of delivery before the overwhelming Spring demand begins.
Runabout $500
Touring Car $525
Self-Starter $75 Extra
Trucft Chassis $600
These prices f. o. b. Detroit
Coupelet $750
Sedan $875
For Sale by the Following Authorized City Dealers:
Francis Motor Car Co.
East 13th and Hawthorne
Talbot & Casey
East Ankeny and Grand
Rushlight & Penney
East Third and Broadway
Wm. L. Hughson Co.
Broadway and Davis
Robinson-Smith Co.
Sixth and Madison
Palace Gaiage Co.
Twelfth and Stark
A $25.00 Deposit Places Your Order on File
Dashboard Clock Reflects
Car Owner's Character.'
If It Is Hot Kept Wound, Look
Out for PorcelfnlarH In Other
Thing-.
THE cluck which adorns the dash
board of the modern motor car
seems, at times, to be on the point of
Joining the Dodo and the nickel In
oblivion.
Why? It's usually like a homely
girl at a dance It doesn't get any
attention. No one seems to remem
ber to wind it.
Of course a number of automobiles
do not come equipped with clocks.
and then others seem to be consid
ered incomplete without one.
As a means of ascertaining the time
they are about as useful as a weath-
ervane atop a lightning rod on a
calm day.
The reason is obvious too many
people are in the habit of pulling the
old timepiece out of their pockets, or
looking for the hour with a grace
ful, flip ot tbe wrist and they don't
tune up the stock clock.
Then why worry?
Because it's an Indication. Or what?
It shows about how much attention
an owner pays to his car.
Of course, one can't take a fleeting
glance at all the clocks in the auto
mobiles of the world and class all
owners as careless because their
clocks happen to be stopped.
But generally the man who forgets
to wind his clock forgets to take a
look at some of the more vital things.
He may start out on a trip 'With
out water in his radiator.
And then again he may lose a
license tag and not know it.
Or he may have a weak tire: or a
leaky radiator; or something else.
Doesn't it figure out? Doesn't it
come out the same way In the way of
motor cars as In other things? And
It is one way of finding out whether
there is carbon in the cylinders of
the man's car, for
The chap who forgets little things.
as a rule overlooks more important
things, too.
GOOD-YEAR WORKERS LUCKY
They Get Luncheons in Company
Restaurants at Low Prices.
Industrial concerns are making
greater etrides toward providing em
ployes with plain, wholesome food at
prices close to cost. Some compa
nies serve lunch only while others
provide three meals where the fac
tory is operated In three shifts. More
than 8000 employes are fed each day
at the restaurants of the Goodyear
Tire & Rubber company. Even at low
prices the October revenue -was $61.
000. The last fire months saw an In
crease of 50 per cent In business.
Ulllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll:
! Time Flies
There's a true old saying, "Time waits for
no man." If you want to keep pace with
progress during 1920, drive a
BMXOl
This sturdy, speedy car "has everything"
comfort, power, beauty, ECONOMY. Just
let us show you with a trial spin. Use the .
phone NOW for an appointment.
I W. H. WaDingford Co.
Oregon and Southern Washington Distributors for the
"Briscoe- and "Liberty Six"
Sixteenth and Alder Phone: Bdwy. 2492 E
i?IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIillllllllllllllllllllllllilliilllllllllllllllillilllllllirf;
Are You Open
to Conviction?
WATCHING the lid on the teakettle
bob up and down resulted event
ually in the application of steam
for power purposes.
Watching: the operation of the Mack
truck chassis in our salesroom will re
sult in your learning why we can
truthfully say the Mack is the most
thoroughly engineered truck.
The possibility of deriving power
from steam was scoffed at. Harnessing
Niagara to generate electric energy was
ridiculed.
There may be some who say we can
not prove the merits of Mack trucks are
all we claim for them.
These are the ones we are looking for.
The more "expert" they may be the
more welcome will be their reception.
We can show you so many
reasons why Mack trucks
are the best trucks that
you will acknowledge it.
AH we ask is a chance, so come in and
see the Mack truck chassis on its side,
electrically operated and all working
parts exposed.
INTERNATIONAL HACK
CORP.
Tenth and Davis Streets.
Broadway 691.