THE SUNDAY OREGONLVX, PORTLAND, DECEMBER 28, 1910.
GERMANS FURIOUS WHEN MERCIER PREDICTS SUCCESS OF BELGIUM
Pastoral Letter Upon Return From Rome Says: "We Shall Win, Never Fear; but We Are Not at the End of Our Sufferings." Political Propaganda Denied, and Von Bissing Is Told Suppression of Priests Is Illegal.
Explanatory Comment by Professor
Fernand Mayence.
THE following are further signifi
cant excerpts from the "Return
From Rome" pastoral letter,
-vbich so enraged Von Bissing:
"You well know that I have never
nidden my fears from you. I have
preached patriotism to you because it
is dependent upon the supreme virtue
or Christianity, charity. But from the
first I have emphasized to you that,
according to my humble presentiment,
our trial would be long and that suc
cess would belong to the nations with
the most endurance.
"The conviction, natural and super
natural, of our final victory is, more
than ever, profoundly anchored in my
oul. If, furthermore, this belief could
have been shaken, the assurance that
tuany disinterested observers have
stared with me and the reports of the
general situation, notably in the two
Americas, would have solidly re
stored it.
"We shall win. never fear; but we
are not at the end of our sufferings.
Prance, Belgium and Russia are
pledged not to conclude a peace until
Belgium has recovered her entire in
dependence and has been largely in
demnified. Italy. In turn, agrees to
Uie pact of London.
The future Is not doubtful.
1 "But it Is necessary to prepare
for It. I
"It Is not a great army which saves
tire king.' says the psalmist; 'the horse
ipowerless to assure his safety: his
strength does not guarantee your de
liverance. . . We trust In the
eternal God; he is our shield and our :
buckler.'
"Imagine a belligerent nation, sure
of ' its army corps, of its munitions, of
Its command, about to bear off victory-
God may allow to be propa
gated in its ranks the germs of an
epidemic, auj behold thereupon ruined
the forecast of the most optimistic.
1'And, consequently, above all, put
your trust i God."
- (Continuation of Cardinal Herder's
letter of justification to Baron von
Bissing, governor-general).
"Your excellency says you were de
ceived at the time of my coming back
from Rome. You expected from me,
you say, an attitude full of modera
tion. "Incidentally, the letter of March 15
mentions the collective letter of the
Uelgian hierarchy to the German
hifclKyps.
"Then It finds fault with me for my
having misused the passport which
allowed me to carry out my journey
to Rome.
"Lastly and above all, you find
fault with me for having indulged in
any last pastoral in 'remarks of a
purely political nature.'
"Your excellency expected then
from me, as you say, 'an attitude of
moderation' at the time of my return
to Belgium.
"You wish, no doubt, to give me
thus to understand that on your side
you intended to act toward me with
peculiar kindness.
"To tell the truth, I have not been
aware of it. When on Tuesday, Feb
ruary 29, at 6 A. M.. I was entering
Brussels, I went at once to St. Louis'
institute. I there said mass and
peacefully spent some hours of the
morning. Meanwhile five spies kept
watch on the Institute, and when I
proceeded to return to my cathedral
at Mallnes at 11, two policemen in
plain clothes, placing themselves at
my side, escorted me to within a few
yards of my archi-episcopal palace.
Indeed, they were so very pressing in
their attentions that they could have
overheard a private conversation had
I not warned my friend to lower his
voice.
"And your excellency will not have
forgotten that on March 6, a few days
after my return and therefore before
the publication of my pastoral, which
was not read in the churches until
the 12th of that month, the news
papers in the service of the German
government announced to the country
nine fresh condemnations to death,
six of which were followed by instant
executions at Mons, for acts which
were branded as political crimes.
These condemned men were denied
the consolation of making their last
confession and final confidences to a
Belgian priest.
"Your excellency knew of the col
lective letter of the Belgian episcopate
to the bishops of Germany at the
moment when you were kind enough
to grant me a passport for Rome.
Besides I have still to learn that a
brotherly exchange of letters between
memoers oi the catholic episcopacy
fajia under the provisions of the penal I
WITTICISMS GROWING OUT OF WAR ARE
BASED LARGELY UPON PEACE-TIME JOKES
Repartee of Trenches Wins for Many Soldiers Reputation for Originating Stories and Trite Terms That Are
Found to Be of Long Standing.
BY EDWARD B. WATER WORTH,
Of the Globe-Democrat Editorial Staff.
Recently Sergeant in the 11th
Regiment, United States Marines. -
THERE is one alleged witticism
that has existed since the Ameri
can army was created and that
will endure while it endures. This is
the remark credited to a facetious
BeTrfcry, who, when asked sarcastically
bj the officer of the day what he
would do If he saw a battleship leave
the water and proceed across the
parade ground, replied: "I'd quit
drinking."
With modifications, that yarn has
been- told from the time of Israel
I'ntnam on down to this day. It ts
related with gusto and sundry modi
fications to every new bunch of re
cruits and, though perennial, it
se$snfl always to create a laugh.
That yarn is undoubtedly the clas
sic of the American service. Yet
somehow it leaves an incomplete sen
sation behind it for the man who
ioUy knows military affairs. The
hearer is left to Imagine that the offi
cer of the day walks away, overcome
with admiration and mirth at finding
that the sentry was a fellow of Birch
infinite Jest. But in real life would
that happen'.' Would the officer of
the. .day let the matter and the con
vgesation drop there, especially if he
ipenuu to De a young secuna ntu- (
' ,-rrtT with his new rank sitting
upon him about as comfortably as a
new. suit of flannei underclothes?
Veterans of the service know he
would not. By far the most pungent
part of the dialogue would come when
the officer's remarks were recorded.
JSo In this respect the classic of our
eervice is unsatisfactory.
Adaptation Also Incomplete.
Thero is another adaptation of the
yarn to the effect that the officer
asked a soldier, who did not know
hia general orders, what he would do
ff he saw a yellow dog rim across the
barrack-room floor. To which the
Copyright by W. Lindsay Gordon. Bel
gian Official Pictorial bervice.
Steeple of the church at .arren ruined
by German gunners. The site of the
church was recaptured by the Bel
gians toward the end of the war.
code, or is forbidden by international
law. On the other hand, it harmonizes
entirely with the spirit and tradi
tions of the church.
"I am well aware that toward the
end of my stay in Rome the German
press exerted itself to bring about
the withdrawal of my passport and
tried to turn to my disadvantage the
collective letter of the Belgian epis
copate to the bishops of Germany
and my interview with M. Briand.
"But the collective letter which had
not hindered my departure from Bel
gium could not consistently hinder
my return. As to my interview with
M. Briand. no one had any inkling of
what took place at It, and could not
therefore be justified in claiming that
it served political ends.
"The truth is that during the whole
of my journey I practiced a reserve
to an extent such as many thought
excessive. I remember hearing a dip
lomat exclaim: 'Can it be then that
this poor Cardinal Mercier even dur
ing his stay here In Italy is still a
prisoner of the Germans? I granted
no interview, delivered no speech, did
not depart a single mile from my
itinerary. I was too anxious to fur
nish no pretext for a fresh incident
such as might be put forward as a
plea to bar my return. I foresaw the
danger and was forearmed. 1
"The German press, nevertheless,
has discovered, so it seems, a political
discourse which I am believed to have
delivered at Florence, eine politische
Rede in elner Nonnenschule. The
fact is that I paid a visit to the Sis
ters of Providence at Badia di Ropoli,
in th& suburbs of Florence; they con
duct a boarding school for young
girls. When I entered the playroom,
the 'Brabanconne' was played, one of
the girls read me an address which
I answered with a sympathetic ref
erence to our absent country, but
without uttering a word that could
wound anyone. Nothing more. There,
as elsewhere, I preserved the reserve
which, my dignity and my own inter
est demanded.
"The third complaint In your al
legation of March 15, the chief one
and the one most enlarged upon, is
also the- most vague and Intangible.
"I arfi accused of 'indulging in
purely political criticisms,' of 'hav
ing given an example of insubordina
tion,' of 'having pursued an unbridled
political propaganda,' but no care is
taken to define the meaning of the
abstract term, 'political.'
"The specimens they bring forward
of such propaganda enable one nev- I
soldier is alleged to have replied that
if the dog had leather leggings on he
would salute him. Like his prede
cessor, this story fails to carry con
viction and seems incomplete.
Coupled with the first anecdote is
that well-known story of the seasick
soldier on the transport who was sol
emnly advised to stop being sick. But
the austere purity of the postal regu
lations prevents this from appearing
in the public . rints.
In the late war a special variety of
humor arose spontaneously. In fact,
many of the Jokes would have con
tained no humor at all If It had not
been for the conditions created by the
war.
Yet it was noticeable that practical
ly every joke, said to be new, was
really an adaptation of some older
and more familiar bit of humor.
Was there really any new Joke
sprung during the war? Some phrases
and replies seemed funny because
they were dressed with military
terms, yet each and every one of
them had existed before.
Xear-Beer Joke Heard.
For instance, the saying that the
man who invented near beer was a
mighty poor Judge of distance, was
current in "dry" states long prior to
the war. Then, when war-time pro
hibition was put on. It became known
over the country. There was not
enough interest in near beer to make
the remark sound funny to the public
at large prior to that time, and the
question of being a Judge of distance
aroused a laugh only after so many
meo had had their training In esti
mation of distance on the target
range.
Comparatively few persons can
carry In their memory any very large
store of witticisms in ract, so com
paratively rare Is the faculty of re
taining such yarns that the raconteur
of real ability is a welcome addition
to every gathering. Yet deep down
in the subconscious mlna or every
person there probably' lurks some
glimmerings of witticisms he has
once heard, that crop to the front in
one form or another when the right
prod is given to his memory. Then
The picture shows the spot where the church of I'asahcendale stood before the Germans overran Belgium. The
invaders put up a sign so they would know the place.
er the less to conjecture the sense of
the accusation.
"It seems that I have acted politi
cally when 'In contemplating the re
sult of the war I have sought to raitte
unfounded hopes contrary to the
stern reality of facts;' when In order
to find ground for these hopes I have
quoted inaccurate statements eman
ating from incompetent persons;'
finally when I said that 'the decision
I looked for might be brought about
by the spread of epidemic diseases.
"But what evil is there, pray. In en
couraging a suffering people? Should
I better second the policy of the oc
cupying power if I drove the Belgians
into a state of discouragement and
despair?
"Deep in my breast I confidently
look for the success of our cause. This
confidence is batted on motives of the
natural order, which in my pastoral I
refrained from developing precisely
to avoid the semblance of meddling
with the calculations of politicians or
the plans of headquarters. It is based
besides on supernatural motives of
which. my conscience is the sole Judge.
I cherish this confidence. It sustains
my courage - and because I love my
faithful flock I desire to impart it to
them.
"Once again, where is the evil? I
do not claim to hinder you from in
dulging opposite hopes, and when I
read the pastorals and discourses of
German and Austrian cardinals and
bishops It never occurred to me to
Impute as a crime to them their ex
hortations to patience and hope ad
dressed to their flocks and your sol
diers. Why is it that what Is religion
beyond the Rhine is on this side po
litical meddling?
"But, say they, you deceive your
hearers; 'you quote the inaccurate
statements of incompetent persons.
"Incompetent? Is this quite cer
tain? Suppose I had quoted diplomats,
statesmen, military authorities? Why
then, indeed, I should be justly ac
cused of speaking politics.
"Besides if the words quoted are
inaccurate, why are you so disturbed?
If I had quoted the evidence In detail,
had brought forward the names of
persons who had been mixed up with
the events alluded to, I could under
stand your fears of an agitation. But
what reason is there to fear conse
quences from an anonymous report,
which for that reason is considered
worthless?
"According to the German news
papers my crime Is especially this,
that I called down on our enemies
the chastisement of an epidemic. I
said simply in general terms that hu
man means are not enough to secure
success, for man, however resource
ful he may be or however great his
efforts, remains dependent on divine
omnipotence. Man proposes, I said.
ouoting a proverb known to every one
and which in every-day langua
re
he Is firmly convinced that he has I
sprung something entirely original. I
The writer recalls a conversation !
between two negroes of a labor bat
talion at Gievres last summer. One
of the men had caught a small water
turtle In the Cher river and had
taken It to his barracks as a pet. He
was gently stroking the back of the
turtle when his friend asked him whv
he was rubbing its shell that way.
to please de turtle, responded the
other.
"Listen man!" exclaimed the first.
"you have about as much chance of
pleasing him by patting his shell as
you would have of pleasln' dat Arch
bishop of Paris if you stroked the
roor or Notre Dame."
Now this shot was greeted with an
uproarious round of guffaws from the
assembled contingent and the speaker
was universally credited with having
pulled something that was entirely
original. Yet that same remark ap
peared in an English setting a short
time ago, where the same question
was asked of a small boy who had a
turtle and who was told he would
have as much chance of pleasing the
dean and vestry by stroking the dome
of St. Paul's.
Hymn of Hate Glvea Material.
Frank Lissauer's "Hymn of Hate"
was published so widely In the early
days of the war that It furnished ma
terial for all kinds of witticisms that
would have been absolutely devoid of
humor without some such backbone.
A London paper published a picture
of a German family sitting down
solemnly to have its dally "hate"
against England and the expressions
the artist got on every face. Includ
ing that of the dachshund, caused the
picture to be widely reproduced. A
New York weekly published a picture
in 1914 along the same lines. It rep
resented a social affair at which a
young lady of religious Inclinations
was talking with another guest, who
was depicted as of the typical Prus
sian type pot-bellied, round-headed.
with close-cropped hair and bristling
mustache. She was supposed, in the
accompanying text, to have said:
"Isn't it glorious how France has
Copyright by W. Llnduay Gordon.
r .K'??-. KffiaftaaaiM!I-y: .. rofittfn sasissssslti i -
embodies a thought inscribed on every
page of Holy Writ man proposes and
God disposes.
"No nation, whether friendly or un
friendly, was expressly aimed at in
my pastoral, but the first on whom
the logical context points the ap
plication of this scriptural saying
and of the homely Christian proverb
derived from it is the nation to which
my words were directly addressed,
the Belgian nation; her army and
together with her the armies of the
allies.
"Just before the phrase to which
exception Is taken I had written,
'For us the future Is not doubtful,
but we must prepare for it and to
prepare for it we must foster with
in ourselves the virtue of patience
and the spirit of sacrifice."
"And immediately after the offend
ing phrase I said, 'Purify your con
sciences; let purity, modesty. Chris
tian simplicity, reign in your homes;
found her soul? The papers say that
before going Into battle all French
men kneel down and pray."
To which the Prussian retorts in
dignantly: "But so do der Chermans pray! Dey
pray effery day 'Gott tamm der Eng
lish!" "
Now both of those examples were
created by the war and would have
been meaningless without the wide
spread publicity given to the "Hymn
of Hate." And It would seem as if
most of the war Jokes were either old
ones revamped or were witticisms
that will be meaningless it few years
hence.
Picture In Punch Cited.
For instance, London Punch printed
a picture that was widely copied In
American exchanges. It depicted
some sullen German prlso" r:: work
ing at digging drainage ditches In a
British camp, with a dour-faced High
lander on guard. One of the Germans
is supposed to remark threateningly:
"Ah! Hlndenburg will be here soon!"
"He will." replies the unruffled
Scot, "and he'll be shoveling dirt Just
like yersel'!"
This anecdote also required a war
background and a general knowledge
of the German bombast over Hlnden
burg to make It popular.
One anecdote of American origin
can be easily recognized, as it has
appeared In various forms for years.
Yet I have heard It told delightedly
by officers and men who apparently
did not recognize it In Its war setting.
The yarn was about an old moon
shiner in the south who gave his son
a little address on patriotism when
the latter was drafted.
"Son," he said, solemnly, "this here
country of ours is at war and we've
got to do everything we can for It.
Put your government above every
thing else, son and If any man tries
to harm It. you shoot him down as if
he was a revenue officer."
Chaplain Geta Undo Honor.
At the same camp of Gievres I once
heard a chaplain draw an illustration
of how one branch of service de
pended on the other. The service of
supply, he said, was like the hind
wheels of the cart or the hind legs
of a horse. The front could not go
ahead without them. He then quoted
Aesop's fable of the stomach and the
other members of the body to show
how the men In the fighting lines de-
J pended on the other members of the
i service ior xneir success.
It may seem strange to think that
I Aesop's fables should be unknown In
su large a bCdy of men. But I heard
Belgian Official Pictorial Service.
Copyright by W. Lindsay Gordon. Belgian Official Pictorial Service.
ALL THAT IS LEFT OI THE CHURCH AT DIIHl'DE.
CARDINAL HERCIER'S STORY.
Including his correspondence
with the German authorities in
Belgium during the war, 1914 to
1918, edited by Professor Fer
nand Mayence of Louvaln uni
versity and translated by the
Benedictine monks of St. Au
gustine's, Ratnsgate, England.
pass on the liberty of my ministry,
prepare yourselves by contrition, etc.' Your excellency .there reminds me
"Between these two Ideas they that you have remitted to my tri
wish to insert a desire of vengeance, bunal for punishment, according to
a prayer tnat a miraculous epidemic
should fall on the enemy's army. Thus
the logical connection of thought is
broken, and to break it it was need
ful to do violence to the context and
to truth.
" 'I must point out as particularly
intolerable,' your excellency declares,
'the allusion you make in your pas
toral to an Infringement of the re-
his illustration commented on admir
ingly In at least a dozen organiza
tions. It was firmly believed to be
an original comparison that he drew
himself.
The military branch of the service
Is not alone In such a mistake, how
ever. When so well-known a writer
as F. Hopklnson Smith wrote "Colonel
Carter of Cartersvllle" nearly a quar
ter century ago, he quoted an old
"negro yarn" which Involved a duck,
the theft of a leg of that same duck
when It was roasted by a sweetheart
of the negro waiter, and the subse
quent demand by the owner of the
negro as to where the leg had gone.
To save his dusky Inamorata from
punishment, the waiter averred the
duck had only one leg, and that lots
of the ducks on the plantation were
so constructed. The enraged master
hauled him down to the pond to give
proof of his falsehood before flogging
htm, and there the waiter trium
phantly pointed out a large array of
ducka standing on one leg with the
other concealed in their feathers.
"Theah. marstar! Theah's them
ducks with only one leg!" protested
the negro.
Did Not Speak to Dock on Table
The master took out his handker
chief and waved It at the ducks, yell
ing "shoo." Instantly the birds all
dropped their other leg. The master
then turned on the waiter to admin
ister chastisement, but the waiter
protested this wasn't fair.
"Becuz, marsteh, you didn't say
'shoo' to dat duck on de table!"
Now In a footnote to this story the
author said he believed the story had
an earlier origin than the period to
which he attributed it. But It was
not until a later Issue of the work
that the footnote contained the infor
mation, doubtless furnished by many
readers who recognized the tale that
the story had appeared in the Decam
eron of Boccaclo, written more than
GOO years ago.
It may be that peculiar conditions
in the war developed certain lines of
anecdotes that had not been beard
before. For Instance, there was the
story of the soldiers in the trenches.
One man, from a near-by section of
the trenches, kept anxirusly calling
to his friend Bill to Inquire if Bill
had been hurt yet. This query came
every time there was a lull In firing,
and Bill, at first flattered by his
friend's solicitude, became a trifle
peeved.
"What are you so anxious about me
for?" he demanded.
"Because we've got a pool at this
Thin rrmarknhlr picture proves the
In churcbfi In Belgium. The picture
ligious liberty of the population in
the occupied territory. Your emi
nence knows better than any one how
unjust this insinuation Is.'
"I am quite willing to furnish the
proof of my assertion; but with this
stipulation, that I am given an under
standing that no harsh proceedings
shall be taken againct the persons
whose testimony 1 have to produce.
"Meanwhile 1 notice in the allega
tions of March 15 an undoubted tres
canonical discipline, certain ecclesl
astics whose preaching had given
umbrage to the occupying power.
You add that for the future you will
not act with like forbearance; the
reason assigned for your change of
attitude is the example of my own
insubordination.
"Your excellency concludes that
you have a duty to hold me morally
end of the trench on the first man
killed," was the reply, "and Bill, old
man, I've drawn you."
That story, of course, developed
from war conditions. Yet others
have been frequently duplicated in
civilian life. I remember hearing the
adjutant of the ordnance subpost at
Gievres telling of a dog called
Cognac that was owned by company
G of the 11th marln.es and that gen
erally followed the guard to the
guardhouse. This animal displayed
great hostility to the laborers of the
negro battalions, but was affection
ate toward the white soldiers.
The adjutant told how the dog was
terrifying a negro soldier who was
passing. To encourage the soldier
the officer called to him that the dog
was gentle enough.
"He's Just been eating out of the
hand of those nurses that passed,"
he said.
"Yessuh, yessuh, dat may be." said
the negro, backing away from the
dog, "but when he tries to eat out
of my leg, dat 'a different."
Now, I believe this remark also
came spontaneously from the negro.
Yet jokes of practically the same
words have often been published in
the comic papers. The right com
bination of circumstances simply
arose in real life and the story be
came an actuality. An English paper
published a story of a man hauled up
before his captain for an attack on
one of his fellows. The man's excuse
was that the other had called him a
hippopotamus six weeks before. The
captain demanded why he had not
chastised the other soldier at that
time.
"Because I nevor saw a hippopot
amus until yesterday," was the reply.
the writer was at headquar
ters of the marine corps in Wash
ington. D. C. before leaving for
France, he aided in getting out the
marine's magazine, then published by
Captain C. A- Ketcham. One column
that was run was entitled, "Spun
Yarns." and was a symposium of
stories collected from readers of the
magazine. Great effort was made to
get original matter with a military
setting.
Yet in the many numbers of the
magazine I have seen. It la almost
always possible to see the derivation
of each military Joke and the same
applies to many of the stories most
popular throughout the war.
The gas stories reminded one of
the old limburger jokes so popular
In a certain type of burlesque. The
mule Jokes wer UaUsjely recognisable
Copyright by W. Lindsay Gordon. Belgian Official Pictorial Service.
oft - repeated assertion that German Mfcellftre failed to dislodge many crnclllxesj
shows the ruins of the Catholic church at Meuport.
responsible for the acts of the clergy
and for the severe chastisements
which they draw down on themselves;
and you claim for so doing 'the legiti
mate authority recognized in you by
the law of nations.'
"Now If there is one matter which
canon law and the law of nations
withdraw from the purview of the
civil power. It Is the exercise of
preaching. One of the most inviolable
features of religious liberty Is the
prerogative of the apostolic word.
In the church of Jesus Christ the
right of preaching is so sacred that
it belongs de jure onjy to the pope
and the bishops. Priests speak only
In the name of their bishop and un
der his control. You are quite right
in holding me responsible for the
preaching of my clergy, but my re
sponsibility Is not to the civil power,
but to the church and the sovereign
pontiff.
"Religious "authority belongs of
right divine exclusively to the pope
and to the bishops in union with
him. The church has at all times
resisted the claim of the civil power
that all her acts of Jurisdiction should
be submitted to its approval.
"It is evident then that, if even
the lawfully established authority of
a state had the right to subordinate
to Its good pleasure the promulgation
of papa or episcopal acts, the su
preme prerogative of church govern
ment would belong not to the. church,
"Under the rule of the Belgian con
stitution, the church enjoys complete
freedom. Article XIV of the constitu
tion proclaims liberty of worship and
its public exercise. Article XVI de
clares that the state has not the
right to forbid the ministers of any
form of worship the publication of
their acts.
' "Now The Hague convention (ar
ticle XLIII) imposes on the occupy
ing power the obligation to respect
the constitution and the laws of the
country occupied.
"When your excellency brings be
fore my tribunal, priests whom you
believe guilty of abuse in the exercise
of their religious ministry, it is not
merely an act of simple courtesy
that you are performing, still lest
voluntary concession of a superior to
an inferior. Yon are showing respect
for a prerogative acknowledged to
belong to the religious authority by
canon law and also by the constitu
tional law of Belgium, which Interna
tional law forbids you. as the oc
cupying power, to violate.
"And when the Feldericht of tht
province of Antwerp condemned to
deportation and Imprisonment th
noble and courageous Chevalier
Charles Dessain, on the charge of
having published my last pastora'
letter, it violated at once canon law
and, through the violation of the Bel
gian constitution, international law.
"As to these provinces of ecclesi
astical law and of the Belgian con
as having appeared In other settings.
The stories about exploding shells
could easily be identified with the
old mother-in-law joke of slapstick
comedy. And so on down the line.
Humor of the war seemed to be
largely old humor In a new frame.
If any person can produce an array
of military jokes that are entirely
original he ought to be able to furnish
a valuable souvenir of the war.
First Silk Hat in London
Cause of Riot.
Question la Asked, Why Does Any
Unusual Headgear Become of
Public Concern!
WHAT ts It about a hat that
causes popular Interest and ex
citement out of all proportion? A
straw hat worn a week or so earlier
in the spring than the date on which
they are generally adopted? Or a
"stovepipe" in a frontier community?
Why should It make any- difference
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stitution, one can undrestand that a
foreign military court may not have
fully grasped them, but It would not
be easy to understand how the Im
mediate representative of the im
perial pow-er. whose foresight and
sincerity may not be called in ques
tion, should consent to allow them
for a long time to be set aside.
"Each time' that my attention has
been called to an outburst into which
an ecclesiastic may have been be
trayed while preaching. I have at
once held an inquiry and have in
formed your excellency of the result
and in no single case has your ex
cellency persisted in the charge. It
does not then appear that you have
any reason to depart from your pres
ent method of procedure. In agree
ment with you.- excellency's views I
hold myself responsible for the
preaching and the attitude of my
clergy", but it is needful that I should
be informed of blameworthy acts
laid to their charge, if any responsi
bility Is to be effective.
"I am still anxious to believe that
the words 'severe chastisement' that
slipped from your excellency's pen
do not convey your ftxed and final
purpose. J'ou will have the goodness
to leave nothing undone to spare our
priests, whose self-respect you may
have admired, penalties which they
do not deserve. You would not wish
to deprive me of their assistance at
a moment when more than ever it is
necessary.
"It would be Just, sir. that the
public which has learned of your com
plaint against the archbishop of
Milines should also be Informed of
his reply.
"Taking your stand on considera
tions which in your mind Justified
your conduct, you have not hesitated
to inflict on me what you must re
gard as a stigma. Your letter ends
with this stern conclusion: 'You have
misused your high functions and the
respect due to your cloth, pursued
an unbridled political propaganda,
which would entail upon any ordinary
citizen penal responsibilities.'
"It would be difficult for any one
to find words of a more infamous
character than those you have used
in my regard. My conscience protests
against this language and hurls back
the stigma. This document contains
my Justification.
"Trusting the chivalrous feeling of
him whom I am addressing, trusting
to the spirit of justice of him whe
has constituted himself my judge. I
respect if ully beg him to make known
my defense to those before whom he
has flaunted his accusations against
me.
"Receive, I pray. Mr. Governor
General, the assurance of my sincei
esteem.
"Signed.
"D. J. CARDINAL, MERCIER.
Archbishop of Mallnes."
(To be continued.)
to any one else what a person wears
on his head?
Every man's hat Is. apparently, a
matter of public concern, and a
small-sized riot can be started almost
anywhere by some one wearing an
unusual headgear.
On the loth of January, 1797. John
Hetherington, haberdasher in the
Strand. London, put on a new style
hat which he had decided to Intro
duce to the public, and stepped out
into the street. Instantly the first
silk hat and its wearer were sur
rounded by an excited crowd, which
soon grew to such alarming propor
tions that the authorities were com
pelled to take a hand and disperse It.
Next day the haberdasher was
brourcht before the lord mayor,
charged with ""walking down a pub
lic highway wearing upon his head
a tall structure having a shining lus
ter and calculated to alarm timid
people."
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