THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX. PORTLAND, DECEMBER 28. 1910.
FATHER O'HARA, ST. MARY'S CATHEDRAL, TELLS CHRISTMaS STORY
Apt Text Chosen by Catholic Priest for Exposition of True Meaning of Our Savior's Life as Applied to Lessons to Be Met With in Present Times.
And she brought forth her first-born ion
and wrapped Him up in swaddling clothes
and laid him in a manger; because there
was no room for thm in the inn. Luke
U, 7.
WHAT memories must have
flooded the heart of the Vir
gin Mother as, before the
mute graze of the humble beasts
that gave hospitality to the Holy
Family that first Christmas
night, slio lovingly wrapped her new
born babe in swaddliug clothes and
tenderly laid him in the improvised
cradle of the manger! Mouths before
she had knelt in prayer at Nazareth
and had heard the marvelous message
of Gabriel: "Hail full of grace! The
Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou
among women." "Fear not. Mary,"
the angelic words had fallen upon her
ear, "for thou hast found grace with
God. Behold thou Shalt conceive in
the womb and Shalt bring forth a Son,
and thou Shalt call his name Jesus.
He shall be great and shall be called
the Son of the Most High; and the
T.ord God shall give unto him the
throne of David his father, and he
shall reign in the house of Jacob for
ever, and of his kingdom there shall
be no end." And Mary had said to
the angel: "How shall this be done,
because I know not man?" And the
angel answering had said to her: "The
Holy Ghost shall come upon thee ana
the power of the Most High shall
overshadow thee: and therefore also
the Holy which shall be born of thee
l11 hft called trie Son nf God " And
among us.
How happily the weeks of spring
tide had passed in the possession of
her wonderful heavenly treasure after
the day of the Annunciation! How
joyfully she had journeyed to the hill
country of Judea to visit her cousin
Elizabeth, where the unborn Baptist
witnessed to hla God. And Kllzabeth,
filled with the spirit of God. had
greeted her with the ever-memorable
salutation: "Blessed art thou among
women and blessed Is the fruit of thy
womb." And Mary had answered in
supreme exultation of spirit: "My
soul doth magnify the Lord and my
spirit hath rejoiced in God my Savior,
because he hath regarded the humil
ity of his handmaid; for behold from
henceforth all generations shall call
me blessed. Because he that is
mighty hath done great things to me
and holy is his name."
Birth Circumstances Explained.
A cloud had momentarily overcast
her summer's gladness when a cruel
suspicion" came into the mind of her
betrothed husband. But that cloud
had been presently dispelled when the
angel of the Lord appeared to her
saintly spouse, saying: "Joseph, son
of David, fear not to take unto thee
Mary thy wife, for that whichls con
ceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.
And she shall bring forth a Son and
thou shalt call his name Jesus. For
he shall save his people from their
sins." And autumn passed in the mod
est home at Nazareth with no event
to dim the radiant felicity of the two
virginal hearts that shared in purest
mutual affection the divine secret of
the speedy coming of the Expected of
Nations.
As winter succeeded to autumn
Mary and Joseph had turned their
steps to Judea to be enrolled In the
census which Augustus, the master of
the world, had ordered that he might
devise a scheme of universal taxation
to fill his imperial coffers. To their
ancestral home, Bethlehem, the city
of David, they came only to find no
human habitation available for shel
ter. Finding no room In the inns,
they sought shelter in. the outskirts
of the town in an earthen cave which
served as a stable. There, at the hour
of midnight, in an atmosphere heavy
and frosty with the breathing of cat
tle was born the Child whose life was
to renew the face of the earth, and
whose death- would fling open the
gates of heaven to the children of
men. Then was fulfilled the luminous
prophecy of Isaias: A child is born
to us and a Son is given to us; and
the government is upon his shoulders
and his name shall be called Won
derful, Counsellor, God the Mighty,
the Father of the world to come, the
Prince of Peace." And so Mary, the
Mother of God. brought forth her
first-born Son and wrapped him up
in swaddlincr clothes and laid-htm in
the manger, because there was no j
room for them in the inn.
Shepherds Get Message.
To the humblest of the poor, to ob
scure shepherds keeping night watch
over their sheep on the neighboring
hillside, came the message of the
angel: "I bring you good tidings of
great Joy that shall be to all the peo
ple. For this day is born to you .a
Savior who Is Christ the Lord. And
suddenly there was with the angel
a multitude of the heavenly army
praising God and saying: 'KJlory to
God in the highest and on earth
peace to men of good will."
The same good tidings of Joy and
hope and peace are brought with each
recurring Christmastide to every soul
that will receive them. Christ comes
today as our Savior He comes to lift
us above our sordid surroundings; to
liberate us from the tyranny of our
passions; to free us from the bond
age of sin.
The burden of our material sur
roundings lies heavily upon us. Nor
while we are In this world can we
hope wholly to escape its depressing
influence. Vast multitudes struggle
from break of day until well into the
night for the bare necessities of life
and many hardly attain even to these.
The specter of poverty has become an
obsession haunting the guilty con
science of the modern world. To be
poor Is the only sin In the world's
catalogue. In view of materialism, sor
did and soul-shrinking, poverty alone
is a crime and the state of the poor
without hope, their path without
light, their life without Joy.
To the great mass of humanity to
wherm materialism presents this
dreary and hopeless gospel, the new
born Christ Bends his message of sym
pathy and cheer and Joy. Being in
finitely rich, he becojnes abjectly poor.
He chose to be born Into a home of
poverty; not even a human habita
tion, but in an earthen cave where
the beasts of burden were sheltered
from the chilling winds of winter.
His first message was to the poorest
of the poor. He sent no ambassadors
to kings and magnates, but to the
simple, obscure shepherds following
tnelr hard vocation on the unsheltered
hillside. Christ sanctified poverty by
being poor, and for those whose eyes
are not holden poverty may be made
the means of becoming more Chrlst
llke. This was the lesson learned by
St. Francis of Aslssi, whose chivalrlc
devotion to his Lady Poverty made
him at once one of the greatest saints
and most successful of social reform
ers. Not great possessions, but peace
and contentment with little, is the
highest wisdom. "We dare be poor,"
was the defiance of the poet who real
ized that plain living and high think
ing are Inseparable companions.
The poverty which Christ chose at
his birth he maintained In honor un
til naked and wounded on the cross
he purchased for mankind the In
estimable treasure of a heavenly in
heritance. The story of his life Is re
counted in his answer to the ques
tion: "Master, where dwellest thou?"
"The foxes have holes and the birds
of the air have nests, but the Son of
Man hath not whereon to lay his
head."
Rich Ret Temptations.
Not to the poor alone did Christ
bring liberation from the heavy bond
of material circumstance It, la as
great a test of character to stand
prosperity as to withstand poverty.
How many temptations coma with the
opportunity of satisfying desires!
Money can buy the gratification of
every whim, the satisfaction of every
degrading passion. The poor man Is
removed from many temptations that
come to his richer brother. "Lead us
not into temptation" is a prayer often
answered by withholding the means
of dissipation.
How the possession of wealth tends
to corrode the heart! See the rich
young man who came to our Lord.
Endowed with every natural virtue,
he finds his wealth a stumbling block
to his salvation. He cannot think of
separating himself from It, though he
knows that one day he will be
stripped of It all. And his unfortu
nate spiritual state calls from our
Lord that pathetic warning: "How
hardly shall a rich man enter the
kingdom of heaven?"
Christ teaches from the crib of
Bethlehem what a fearful responsi
bility comes with the possession of
riches We are but stewards, not the
absolute owners. Whatever we have
Is from the hands of God. We are
given the administration of a trust
and one day the summons of the
master will ring in our ears: "Come,
render an account of thy stewardship,
for now canst thou be steward no
longer." What an example is the
poverty of -Christ to those who clutch
their wealth closer to them as the
years go on. as though they could
take It with them through the portals
of the grave? Their destiny Is pre
figured by that of the prosperous
man In the gospel who communed
with his soul: "Soul, thou hast much
goods laid up for many years; take
thy rest, eat, drink, and make good
cheer." But God said to him: "Thou
fool, this night they do require thy
soul of thee. And whose shall be
those things which thou hast pro
vided?" Then will relatives quarrel
over the inheritance; ill will and
hatred will be bred between those)
who should be united by special
bonds of affection. Young men will
Inherit It who would be infinitely bet
ter off If they had to work for a liv
ing and young women will be enabled
by the Inheritance to devote time and
means to dress and ostentation, set
ting false standards for the multitude
to their own destruction and the ruin
of society. What a lesson on the use
of wealth Is taught by the Infant
Savior, who, being infinitely rich, be
came poor for our sakes that through
his poverty we may be enriched!
Christ came to save us not merely
from the d-epressing effect of our en
vironment, but to set us free from
the tyranny of passion. Liberty is
the watchword today. Freedom Is the
cry on every lip. How Jealously It Is
prized! Free thought, free speech,
free life, free love. Free thought!
Why should I be a slave to any man's
opinion? Free speech! My lips are
my own I Free life! Time Is short.
Gather roses while wa may.
But who is free? Is he free who
cannct banish the indecent and blas
phemous word from his lips? Is he
not a slave to whom the cigarette or
the cheering glass is an insistent ne
cessity? Is there serfdom more de
basing than that which enslaves body
and soul in the bondage of lust?
Batterfy Life Condemned.
Is she free whose ambitions are
dominated by the fashion plate and
whose life is tethered within the nar
row circle of social Inanities? What
is freedom? It Is the ability to think
what is decent, to say what is true,
to live what is right and to love what
Is good.
It is the power to say "I will not"
to the behests of passion, to the
promptings of selfish impulse, and to
the cravings of inordinate appetite.
This Is the freedom wherewith Christ
has made us free.
How beautiful Is the freedom of the
children of Godl To be the slave of
no passion, to be shackled by no
error, to te in bondage to no vice.
to walk erect in the exhilarating sun
shine of God's friendship, our con
sciences reflecting the truth of God's
law; our hearts throbbing with devo
tion to God's will and our souls be
come again as Innocent and humble
as those of little children, making
merry with the little babe of Bethle
hem whose coming today proclaims
glory to God and peace to men of
good will.
Christ comes to liberate us not
merely from the tyranny of passion
but from the bondage of sin. What
a crushing load Is the burden of sin.
He that commltteth sin hateth his
own soul. To what a state of degra
dation does it reduce him; the heav
ens turned to brass above htm; bis
conscience becoming the worm that
never dleth, tormenting him, the
weight of his Iniquity bowing him
down until he who had angels for his
friends hath but the brutes for kin.
To lift this burden of the human
heart was the mission of Christ. "I
come to save not the Just, but sin
ners." "Son, be of good heart, thy
sins are forgiven thee; go thy way
and sin no more." "If your sins be
red as scarlet, I will make them as
white as snow, and if they toe red as
crimson, I will make them white as
WOOL"
Christ comes as a little child to
show us the way to his kingdom. Ex
cept you become an little children,
you shall not enter Into the kingdom
of heaven. What a flood of memories
comes with the thought of our child
hood's innocencel
Never more gladly than at Christ
mas would we pray: "Turn backward,
turn backward, O time in thy flight,
and make me a child again Just for
tonight." Christmas is childhood's
feast- It Is a time for us to become
children again in spirit, putting away
the complex sophistications of our
mature life, stripping ourselves of the
habits of sin. purifying our hearts
with penitence as gold is purified in
the crucible. Today Almighty Ood
comes to dwell with us in the form
of a little babo. Truly no people
have ever had God so near as we
have. His delight is to be with the
children of men. He wishes his peo
ple to approach his manger throne
with their supplications and their
thanksgivings, their adorations and
their pleas for mercy. Ask today and
you shall receive.
Our Lord would teach us to storm
the very courts of heaven with sin
cere and persevering prayer. For
there are more things wrought by
prayer than this world dreams of.
Many a victory over self, many a
heroic resolve will be generated by
silent prayer before the crib of the
Infant savior. Many a vow pleasing
to God will be registered before him
as he sits enthroned in the arms of
his virgin mother. Many a heart
crushed with sorrow and- affliction
will wrestle here with God in the
twllght and the sweetness of God's
consolation shall distill like the balm
of Qllead its healing essence In the
wounds of the soul. Tears of con
trition shall steal down the cheeks
of the penitent, and where the spirit
knew nothing but bitterness and gall
there shall come the refreshing grace
and peace of Christ. The sinner will
hear within his heart the echo of bis
childhood Innocence, and he who had
been a stranger to religious senti
ment and had vainly striven to sat
isfy the hunger of his soul with the
husks of sensual enjoyment will rise
to self-conquest with the words: "I
will arise and go to my father's house
and I will say: 'Father. I have sinned
against heaven and before thee; make
me again as a little child that I may
enter thy kingdom.' "
Today there Is born to you a savior
who is Christ the Lord. Christ lib
erates us from the bondage of our
material environment; he frees us
from the tyranny of passion; he de
livers us from the slavery of sin; he
is able to save us because he comes
from above. Human nature can never
be lifted out of its infirmities by
merely natural power. It requires the
condenscension of God
See a mighty cataract, a Niagara,
pouring Its flood downward hundreds
of feet from a precipice. It Is har
nessed to turn the dynamo and gen
erate the electric current. Its power
will light the cities and draw the cars
and cut the tunnels and heat the
homes of men. The river rolling lan
guidly on the plain will never gener
ate such power. But see the mighty
flood leaping from the dizzy height
and you have potential energy to
drive the mills and bear the freights
of a hundred cities.
So Christ has power to save because
he is more than man. He comes from
the royal heights of heaven with in
finite power and mercifully raises
fallen humanity to the dignity of the
children of God. He comes today to
bring to your hearts a peace which
the world cannot give. He comes to
lift you above your dally material
cares; to rescue you from passion and
sin; to give you strength to bear the
burdens of life.
And he is our savior, for he has
strength to save; for, being the
holiest among the mighty and the
mightiest among the holy, he has
I raised with his infant arms empires
off their hinges, turned the course of
centuries out of its channel and still
' governs the ages.
DANGER FORECAST IN GOVERNMENT
INTERFERENCE WITH PRIVATE INDUSTRY
William C. Benbow Declares That Survival of Fittest Is Basis That Must Be Maintained in Order to Keep
Social System Up to Present Standard.
(This is the second of a series of articles
by Mr. Benbow on the fundamentals of
government.)
BY WILLIAM C. BENBOW.
JNDUSTRY Is the foundation upon
which states are reared. If In
dustry is well built and well man
aged the people can get along de
spite a weak or foolish government,
provided such government does not
actively interfere with the well being
of industry. Egotistic and weak mon
arch: have, during all ages, done
their best to ruin the people whom
they governed, but industry has man
aged to live in spite of their evil ef
forts. But when the government
seeks to lay its hand directly on in
dustry disasters of the first magni
tude usually occur.
Industry is the fundamental fact
of life. It directly affects every one
of us. Government is a mere con
venience. It is merely a police power
to protect men in their industry. Gov
ernment was and is made for men
and not men for the government.
It may be taken as a fundamental
truth that if a people do not partici
pate Intelligently in, industry, they
will never be able to dio so In gov
ernment. Socialistic systems, either
of government or In industry, are
dangerous.
Socialism Held Inefficient.
Socialistio systems of government
are necessarily inefficient. The same
Is true of socialistic systems of in
dustry. The socialistic system reg
ognizes numbers but not quality and
numbers. The society must not only
recognize the number of its workers
but it must recognize the amount
and quality of the work of its work
ers. It has long been an exploded
theory that strength was found orrty
in numbers. One man of today with
modern arms, due to efficiency, can
hold off a thousand savages whose
strength lies only in numbers.
The efficient government Is the one
that reward both numbers and qual
ity. It sees to it that the man who
can work shall have work however
crude his effort, but It also sees to
it that the man of high efficiency and
accomplishment shall have the in
creased reward due to his increased
efficiency, for the reason that he pro
duces more and better products than
his less able brother worker.
This reward by the society for in
creased and better work is a con
stant stimulant to the less active
worker, as he sees that the reason the
efficient worker gets more is because
lie understands better and works
.onger and harder; and, as a result.
ucn less active worner men tries
lilB level best to climb toward the
KOal of the other. Many times the
indifferent worker, being so spurred
into an extra effort, gets the in
creased reward and is changed from
an indifferent and careless employe
to one who soon doubles his output.
Inefficiency Is thus changed to effi
ciency. Efficiency I'rged In Industry.
If no prize was held out to the ef
ficient what motive has the less pro
ductive unit to increase his ability
and his output? None. The failure
of the society to reward the efficient1
for his increased effort, means retro
gression. Survival of the fittest means that
each unit to survive must be the fit
test. That is, each unit must have a
high degree of physical strength, the
highest degree of Intelligence and
knowledge and the largest amount
of unselfishness. These three are
necessary. A high degree of strength
and intelligence with selfishness In
the units leans toward disorganiza
tion. Disorganization means unfit
ness. Organization, both of govern
ment and industry, can only succeed
where the units have a large regard
for each other's rights. A recogni
tion of the rights of the other fellow
spells amicable relations with him,
and strengthens the organization.
It was the purpose of the fathers
of the American constitution to give
the citizen a high degree of intelli
gence. Hence, the common school
system, the freedom of the prees. the
courts of Justice and the right of
suffrage. By use of these the unit
became more efficient In governmen
tal matters.
As to industrial matters, especially
In large aggregates, the constitution
Is silent so far as any specific men
tion is concerned. A large number of
itlzens operating a large industrial
plant to a common purpose was un
known at the time of writing the
federal constitution. The develop
ment of a Just and' efficient system
of industrial operation is left very
largely to the corporation officials
assisted by the workers.
It seems at this time that many in
dustrial managers have arrived, as
the saying Is; while the workers, at
least many of their leaders, do not
as yet perceive the rule. In propor
tion as the leaders of the workers
teach them to disregard the rights
of the owners, and the rights of other
workers in other industries, they tend
to disorganization and tend to ren
der futile their own efforts to better
conditions for themselves. They also
by such disregard of the rights of
others, antagonize the great Ameri
can jury looking on, namely, the
public.
In applying the survival of the fit
test to the industrial relations of the
day it is well to consider what is the
real purpose of an industrial organ
ization. What is, or should be, the
Ideals of large corporations when
viewed in the light of the survival of
the fittest? The organization in order
to survive must be the most effi
cient; to be the most efficient Its
units, or employes, must be the most
efficient. Therefore, one of the Ideals
or purposes of the company must be
the betterment of physical, mental
and financial conditions of each work
ing unit.
Another ideal is the willing co-op
eration of each unit with every other
unit In the organization, as that of
the willing co-operation in the indus
try of the managers or those in au
thority, and the other workers. Ap
pealing to the proper motives of the
units in the right manner tends to
secure this result.
The third ideal of the industrial
organization of the day is service to
the society. The society protects,
with its army and navy, the corpora
tion from destruction by other so
cieties, hence it is a Just Ideal of the
organization to render a service to
the country.
It will be seen that the nation as a
lng new towns, building trails and
opening up new farms.
There was the Joy of accomplish
ment for all minds, whether of large
or small caliber. Thus the creative
instil.. ! j of men were fully satisfied.
But. as these enterprises became sta
bilized and the number of workers
became larger ard opportunities for
the small man to start or carry on a
small enterprise became less part of
the zest for work was taken away.
And, as he became a mere part of the
industry of no particular moment, as
far as he could see, he lost Interest in
the work. His work became drudgery
to him and he became dissatisfied. He
was not in touch mentally with the
big things being done and felt that he
was not regarded. He was ripe for
something new, some change whereby
the dull drab of his existence would
disappear. He was ripe for all kind
of political fads and "Isms" which
held out a hope of a change.
Mnsement Studies Workers.
This feeling is being studied by
all large concerns and is being met
by the new management In industry
The worker, through a committee or
in person, may consult his chief about
anything that concerns the business I
or even himself personally. The work
er is being recognized as a part of
the team, working to win the goal of
increased production. The new man
agement is giving him a chance to
express himself and to suggest and
assist In that production in other
ways than his daily stent. A reward
is given him if he does or says any
thing which Increases or perfects pro
duction. The true worker does not desire to
Interfere with the management about
which he knows nothing, but he does
desire to have something to say about
me part or the work he understands.
wnoje i ." auectea WW trie inureascu . - . :
efficiency of the units of the organ - I ft Ti ...P., , re?Bnlze.d "one In
Ization and also by the increased
willingness of the different units and
groups of units to co-operate or work
together harmoniously and the or
ganization, is not fully efficient if It
does not render a service to the so
ciety. Efficiency Is Service Ideal.
The Ideals of large corporations are
therefore three-fold, viz: (1) To work
for the increased efficiency of its
workers; (2) to work for the harmo
nious co-operation of all its units and
groups of units; (3) to so direct its
efforts that its operations shall be
beneficial to the society under whose
laws it exists. This means Increased
efficiency with a consequent increase
in profits.
The managements of many large
companies are, to a more or less ex
tent, co-ordinating their efforts in
harmony with the foregoing Ideals.
In order to understand their workers
they are now attempting to co-operate
with them either through their
trade unions or, in many cases,
through committees appointed by the
workers themselves. An honest and
earnest attempt is being made by
these managements to assist the work
er to become more efficient in every
way, physically, mentally and finan
cially. These efforts have been fairly
well met on the part of the worker In
nearly all the plants where they have
been tried.
A study is being made by the man
agers of many of the industrial com
panies of things other than materials
and markets, namely, the human fac
tors in industry. It is being under
stood by large companies that this is
channel for increased production
which has often been neglected. With
out contented and happy workers
there will not be efficiency nor an
increased output, however efficient
the other factors of production may
be. This study on the part of man
agers is beginning to solve the so
t-ailed capital and labor question.
Workmen Desire to Create.
The motives which move men to
action are being studied. Not only the
fundamental motives of food, cloth
ing and shelter, but also other mo
tives influencing the worker's actions
are being considered. A few of these
secondary motives are (1) the desire
to create something. Something that
the mind can imagine and the hands
construct. This is a perfectly natural
feeling and is seen In children the
world over. They build dams, make
bridges, fashion weapons, construct
miniature houses, milis, etc. In the
days of our forefathers such Instincts
were fully met by the conditions and
surroundings of the pioneers.
The creative desire had Its com
plete Joy. A wilderness was changed
into rertile rields. Duck ponds were
converted Into large cities. Swamps
were drained and deserts watered.
Railroads were built and the earth
pierced with innumerable mines. The
creative Instinct to construct the large
enterprise of a railroad across the
continent by great minds was equally
satisfied to the lesser minds by build-
the same features. This desire for
Individuality Is natural and leads to
study and effort In different lines
and assists In the discovery of truth.
Individuality in thought Is a high
quality and leads to new discoveries
and inventions.
Corporations Adopt Principle.
The new managements now being
adopted and supported by great in
dustrial corporations are recognizing
this quality and seeking to assist it
to develop normally and rationally.
Presidents and managers who study
men and the motives that move men
to action are now In demand. Wtiile
the study of materials and markets
are Important, yet the study of men
is more important. Recognition of
the qualities In men heretofore out
lined, broadens the manager. Assist
ing the worker in the rational exer
cise of these desires broadens him
and makes him a more reltable and
desirable factor in production. A few
of the companies which art now
rapidly falling into line in regard to
these questions are Bethlehem Steel
company, Philadelphia Rapid Transit
company. Smith & Wesson company,
-Standard Oil company. International
Harvester company, American Rolling
Mills company and many others. Shop
committees have been adopted by
more than 70 large companies in the
United States.
This action by these divers com
panies spells a new day for each in
dividual unit and for the public which
lepends upon organized industry for
nearly all of the comforts of life.
Survival of Fittest Provided.
Our federal constitution Is an Illus
tration of the survival of the fittest
because It protects these fundamental
motives of men, namely, deslro for
food, clothing and shelter, and also
these seconde-ry motives dteslre to
create, to have self-expression and
individuality. And, as Harry Atwood
says, "under Its benign Influence the
race has advanced In 130 years more
than In 7000 years before. It took
7000 years to develop the wooden
plow and ox cart- The federal con
stitution protects the unit of Indus
try In his rights of person, property
and industrial Initiative. Realizing
this men began to Invent, knowing
they would be protected In their prop
erty rights by the government.
As a country we leaped from the
wooden plow to the farm tractor
turning 24 furrows at once; from the
stage coach to the Pullman car and
flying machine; from messenger on
horseback to the telephone and wire
less telegraphy. We went from
slavery to liberty, from education of
the few to education of the many.
Up to that time the story of labor
had been the story of feudalism, serf-
MEXICAN BUSINESS SHOWS INCREASE,
PARTICULARLY WITH UNITED STATES
Former Resident of St. Louis Gives Statistics Showing, Not Gain Alone, but Diversification of Imports and
Exports of Southern Republic.
BY W. F. SAUNDERS,
Former Secretary Business Men's Leasue
of St. Louis, Now Secretary of the
American Chamber of Commerce of
Mexico.
B
the team working to create the final
output. This is a natural, normal and
healthy desire and directly in line
with the survival of the fittest. The
management that recognizes this feel
ing and lets it have full play so far
as possible will Increase the effi
ciency of its units of production, with
the consequent Increased: efficiency of
trie organization itself.
Employe Desires Expression.
Another normal secondary desire of
the worker Is (2) expression and rec
ognition. He wishes his work to be I dom and slavery, and after we had
known'. He likes to have others know written that constitution we made a
what part of the machine or tool or president out of a railsplitter, and
PC oduct he made or assisted In mak- , made one out of a mule driver on a
ing. He likes to have the product
tagged or marked in some way with
his name or mark or initials to show
that he had a part In the production
of that particular product. The ex
ecutive likes to have his name appear
on the product. Gratifying this feel
ing gives satisfaction to the worker.
Steps are being taken by many large
concerns to give an outlet to this
perfectly natural and normal feeling
on the part of the employe. He will
stay longer and work harder where
he has expression and recognition
than he will where he has it not.
Also, the the worker likes (3) to
expr.ess his Individuality. He hates
to be known as number 1101. He
dislikes to work at a machine which
is Just exactly like every other ma
chine of the thousands running in the
shop. He does not want his machine
changed so as to make It Inefficient,
but would like It if it had some dis
tinctive mark to snow that it was
the machine that he used, as being
marked or painted different or the
seat arranged slightly different.
Something to distinguish him from
the other thousands of workers. Some
peculiarity which separates his ma
chine or tool from the others. Men
become attached to their implements
of war and why will they not become JUAREZ, Mexico. Dec. 27. Hand
attached to their tools of Industry ?! carving Is one of the principal Indoor
That they do 's well known. Menj sports of the prisoners In the city Jail
mark the tools they use with their, here. Monkey and other shapes are
initials and they will struggle to get' wrought from pecans or peach stones,
that tool. This also Is a natural These trinkets are offered to tourists,
feeling and it Is being recognized i a number of whom are admitted to
and appeased by the new industrial the Jail every day.
management. It is being perceived One prisoner, a "long-termer."
that workers, especially American I claimed the other day that the four
workers, do not like to be regarded j other Inmates who were offering
as a mere cog in the industrial ma- their carvings, were "pupils of his."
chine. Normal workers want a part Tobacco and cigarettes are a lux
in It according to their ability. Not ' ury in the "carcel." When "smokes"
to destroy but to assist. Not to con- are passed around, each prisoner ex
canal boat, and one of a tanner boy,
and one out of a school teacher.
Subtantlally up to that time women
had never been permitted to attend
schools, had no such thing as prop
erty rights, very little rights in their
own children except as granted by
their husbands. In a hundred years
she is practically the equal of men
so far as her civio rights are con
cerned. If there Is anyone who ought to
be loyal to our constitution It Is the
man who works, because that con
stitution made it possible for the
bank clerk to become president of
the bank, for the section man to be
come president of the railroad, for
the farmer boy to become governor
of the state and for the railsplitter
to become president of the republic.
Were such things done before? The
answer to this question Is food for
reflection for all those-who love free
institutions.
MEXICANS D0 CARVING
Prisoners Trade Trinkets for To
bacco and Cigarettes.
trol, but to be be recognized as a part
of the team.
Even the manager likes something
to express his Individuality or taste.
He likes his desk of a certain color or
style. He desires the pictures on the
wall of a certain character. The
chairs and carpets of the office he
likes to express his Ideas. He desires
his pen of a certain kind. He wishes
his signature to have a certain dis
tinctive character. This Is natural
and normal and falls in with the
principle. Nature herself recognizes
this principle because no two per
sons are exactly alike. Of the mil
lions of human beings, no two have
acts an equal share. Frequently one
of them will trade a carving that has
taken days to complete In exchange
for a package of cigarettes.
Man Starves in Los Angeles.
LOS ANGELES, Dec. 27. Robert J.
McCamon. 34. a restaurant worker
who came here seeking work, walked
the streets for 18 days without
mouthful of food during that time.
according to the story told the police
He was found semi-conscious In an
automobile into which he had crawled
during the night to escape a pelting
rain. Local charity workers took up
CSINESS In Mexico Is good. The
commerce between this country
and the United States Is better
than It ever was greater in volume,
and of more value by millions of dol
lars than it was during the heyday
of the Diaz administration.
Moreover, the commerce between
the two countries Is now diversified.
They used to exchange only a few
things Mexico selling to the United
States principally oil and minerals
and henequln and cattle; and the
United States selling to Mexico things
to eat and wear and build with. No'w
Mexlco sells to the United States 50
different products of the hacienda
and forest, hardly dreamed of ten
years ago, and buys luxuries as well
as the things we call the prime neces
sities of life.
Last year, in 1918. Mexico sold to
the world $184,000,000 worth of Its
products oil and minerals, $106,000,
0U0, things produced by the farm and
ranch, 174,000.000 (of which coffee
brought $44,000,000, henequen 125.
000,000 and chicle $4,000,000) and
$4,000,000 worth of manufactured
products.
Of this $184,000,000 worth of Mex
ican exports, the United States took
$175,000,000 worth.
In the same year Mexico bought
from the world $82,000,000 worth of
its goods, manufactured products and
food $70,000,000 of this coming from
the United State's. In 1919 It Is likely
that Mexico will surpass these fig
ures largely. The silver and copper
mines will produce at least $100,000,
000. Last year the silver mines sold
59,000,000 ounces, and the rise in the
price from $1.08 to $1.20 has stimu
lated the production, so that It is
estimated that the yield will be at
least 70.000,000 ounces at $1.20 or
more this year.
The increasing value of silver has
given an enormous Impulse to mining
in Mexico. There are nearly a hun
dred sliver mines, large and small,
now In operation In the republic, and
even In Chihuahua, where during the
revolution mining operations were re
garded as unsafe on account of Villa's
bandits, there has been a resumption
during the last six months, and there
are now 15 mines working.
New Coinage to Issue.
The higa) price of silver has led the
Mexican government to put In an en
tirely new coinage, which will be In
circulation probably In about a month.
The present silver coins in. use in
Mexico have so much silver In them
that the coins are worth much more
as bullion than they are as money,
and since the war speculators have
been buying up the coins and melting
them, so that sliver change has be
come very scarce all over Mexico. In
the City of Mexico it Is so difficult
to get that employers have to pay 4
per cent for silver money to meet
their pay rolls. The new Mexican
coins will have such an amount of
alloy In them that each denomination
will be worth exactly half of the cor
responding coins of the United States.
That Is, the Mexican peso will be
worth 50 cents.
The oil wells in the Tamplco dis
trict are Increasing production and
now ones are being brought in, so the
Mexican oil will sell this year for
more than $50,000,000. The henequen
may be depended to bring more than
$40,000,000. Last year the crop
sold for $48,000,010. It Is below the
actual figures to count $15,000,000 as
the value of the other minerals be
sides sliver and copper that will be
sold from the mines. Coffee, although
the plantations are In poor shape, and
will have to be replanted largely to
produce their full yield, will sell for
$40,000,000.
Blexieo Buys Heavily.
Mexico will spend In the United
States this year between $120,000,000
and $150,000,000. For the first eight
months of this year, Mexico's buying
from the United States amounted to
$7,203.000. which was an increase of
about $16,000,000 over its buying for
the first eight months of last year.
The marvelous Increase in the produc
tion of the oil rields and the mines
has stimulated this buying greatly, so
that the buying for the last four
months of the year will be much
more than half of the amount bought
during the first eight months.
Business In Mexico is not only good
it Is brilliant. It has as many facets
as the big central diamond of a tiara,
and it Is never commonplace. A busi
ness man in Mexico must be quick
witted and equal to any new situation
to succeed, whether he represents an
American house down here or Is a
trader ou his own. A nrau here cannot
solve business problems In any of the
ways that Mr. William James so inter
estingly describes In his psychology.
You remember he shows how most
men make up their minds to a decis
ion by referring every question that
comes to them to some classification
which they have established from ex
perience. In Mexico there are no
classification i, and when a man Is
confronted by a problem that must be
solved Instantly, he cannot say; "That
Is problem C. Let me look down in my
mind for Experience Pigeonhole C
and find the solution."
large agricultural city. The coming
of the train Is advertised throughout
that part of the country, and when
the demonstration begins there are
many people to watch it.
American demonstrators are taken
with the train and American manu
facturers of agricultural machinery
I who want to demonstrate their ma
chinery or other farm Implements
may send it to Laredo, on the border,
where It will be taken charge of by
United States; as well as the politl- an agent of the Mexican government
Quick Action Wanted.
Indeed, no. Business In Mexico is
like business nowhere else to the
world and success here demands the
best kind of brains, the kind able to
competently meet the most unexpect
ed conditions.
Moreover, any man worth anything
likes to feel that he is doing some
tlnb more in business than merely
making money. He feels that here.
He knows that when he accomplishes
something he Is helping to develop
he country and to improve the con
dition of Its people.
For example, here are some of the
things that have come to my desk in
one week:
A member of this chamber of com
merce, an exporter, came In and said:
"Will you get for me from New
York a quotation on railroad ties
delivered there In lots of 30,000 a
month up to 1,000,000
I cabled to the New York associa
tion of commerce and got an answer
paying: "Specifications Insufficient;
what kind of wood?"
I telephoned to my client and he
came over and said:
"Here is the list of the woods that
I will use for the railroad ties."
I looked at the list. It included ma
hogany, rosewood, laurel, the ax
breaker or ironwood, orange, redwood,
guava and wild apple all of them
beautiful hardwoods suitable for the
casings of pianos, wainscoting of li
braries, for picture frames, hardwood
flooring and any kind of fine cabinet
making. Even the Congressional
Limited would not be worthy to run
over railroad ties made of such woods.
I said, "Why do you not sell this
wood to furniture factories In the
United States Instead of making rail
road ties of It?"
He replied, "I have an option on
this forest and I want quick money.
If I can get a bid on It that suits me.
I will go to New York and within six
months I will have 1000 men em
ployed In Mexico. I cannot waste
time peddling the wood to furniture
factories In the United States. It
would take a year to make a contract
that would profit me."
I sent the information on to New
York and it probably will work out
into good business for this country
and for those engaged in It.
Varieties of Fiber Used.
There are several kinds of fiber in
Mexico besides henequen and sisal,
which are the two best-known vari
eties. Henequen is not exactly sisal,
but the two are near enough alike for
the names to be almost synonymous
In the United States.
The other day a Mexican asked our
help in setting up a fiber factory in
San Luis Potosi. Before the revolution
ho had been In that line of manufac
turing, had employed several hundred
people and had made a good deal of
money. He thought the time was pro
pitious to begirt the manufacturing
again. But he Is not going to use
henequen, but pita maguey.
I four.d out for him where he could
buy machinery In the United States
for his factory and gave him the
names of three manufacturers of that
machinery. He Is now In the United
States buying It.
This Is unusual business. Isn't it.
not at all routine.
The Hotel Regis in Mexico City Is
the place where the representatives
of American houses who are travel
ing in this country foregather.
The other night I sat with seven of
them, representing- New York, Chi
cago, St. Louis and Boston business
houses. Most of' these men were ex
perienced in Latin-American trade
and had traveled all over South and
Central America. Cuba and Mexico.
Several of them had Just finished
trips throughout Mexico and were on
their way home. They had been down
to Yucatan, to Vera Crus. Tamplco and
to Acapulco, Collma and Guadalajara,
over on the west coast.
We sat there for four hours and
talked Latin-American business and
trade. There was not a word said
about bandits nobody spoke of any
discomfort suffered In traveling
none of the party had been in a
hold-up of a train.
Mexico Clly llradqnarlrra.
cal capital. As many as 500 American
manufacturers are represented in
Mexico City by Americans. English
men. Germans, Mexicans, Frenchmen
and Spaniards. Of course, most of
these representatives are Americans.
Some of these representativs handle
the business of several Amrlcan man
ufacturers. They have their principal
offices here and branch offices In
the other chief cities of Mexico, such
as Tamplco, Vera Cruz, Monterey,
Guadalajara, Aguascalientes and San
I.uis Potosi.
Some American houses have a man
ager in Mexico City and employ sev
eral men to travel over the republic.
This Is the best way of doing business
in .Mexico, as he has direct cable and
and brought to Mexico City free of
cost.
The crops of Mexico this year are
showing an increase of 20 or 25 per
cent over the production of last year,
according to the department of com
merce here, with the one exception of
tobacco, which has decreased.
PUPILS DINE VEtn CHEAP
Hawaiian School Children Reduce
Cost of Living.
HILO. Island of Hawaii. T. H.. Dec.
17. (By Mail ) Punlls of the high
school and union schools here have
land telegraph communications with j hit the high cost of living a hard
his house in the United States and
also can keep In touch dally with his
traveling agents In Mexico.
Transportation between the United
States and Mexico is Improving, bth
on the east and on the west coasts.
Another steamship line has been put
In between New Orleans and Vera
Crus and the older steamship lines
are Improving their service. The
principal railway transportation now
is between Eagle Pass and Mexico
City. Both these water lines and rail
way lines are overwhelmed with busi
ness going both ways.
The railways are making money,
and although they are not In excel
lent condition and need all the money
they make for their own Improve
ment, during July and August they
turned in to the national treasury
J750.00Q.
blow with meals which they are serv
ing at 6 cents a plate, according to
F. A. Clowes, Industrial supervisor.
Stews, cheese, macaroni, salmon,
poi tthe native dish made from taro
root), egg cakes, gingerbread, ice
cream and chocolate are some of the
items which appear on the 5-cent
menus.
Cleanliness Is the motto of the
school kitchen, said Mr. Clowes.
CITY LAW PROTECTS CATS
Los Angeles Ordinance Governs
Animals Within City.
LOS ANGELES. Dec 27. Los Ange
les dogs and cats, sick or well, are
This was nrofit in addition ! restricted as to residence, but safe-
to $450,000 which was appropriated ; guaraea as to personal noerties or a
for building bridges, and another I city ordinance Just passed.
$150,000 which was sent to the United i Tne new law relegates all dog and
States to buy rolling s'ock to pay 1 cat hospitals or kennels to the indus
for repairs to a number of locomo-1 trlal and outlying districts, but pro
tlves which had been sent there. ; vides that such hospitals or kennels
There are 22 rallwav shops on the ' "must not be conducted in such a way
National Railways "lines In Mexico ; to prevent the animals from bark
working constantly on locomotives i inK- howling or mewing, particularly
and cars trying to keep them In effl-' ln the "'ght time."
cient condition, and in these shops i '
11,391 men are employed.
Were the railways turned back to
their owners, which the government
says it Intends to do, and sufficient
money appropriated to put the road
bed and rolling stock In good condi
tion, they would all begin to pay
large dividends, so great is the pas
senger and freight traffic to be handled
Agriculture Is Encouraged.
One of the most . hopeful signs of
the present conditions ln Mexico Is
the earnestness with which the Mexi
can government is encouraging agri
culture. There Is a very active gov
ernmental department of agriculture
and a school of agriculture ln one of
the suburbs where there Is an ex
hibit of American agricultural ma
chinery and implements. Everything
of this sort Is admitted by the gov
ernment free of duty, and every now
and then the government makes up
a special train of flat cars and a
passenger coach and takes out some
of this American machinery for
demonstration on farms near some
S Try Making Your Own K
g Cough Remedy Bj
Yen can save aboot 99. end bar K
In a better remedy than the ready- pj
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FREE TO
Pile Sufferers
Don't Be Cut Until You Try This
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If you combined the curative prop
erties of every known "ready-made"
cough remedy, you probably could not
get as much real curative power as
there Is in this simple home-made
cough syrup, which is easily prepared
ln a few minutes.
Get from any druggist 2H ounces
of Plnex. pour It Into a pint bottle
and fill the bottle with syrup, using
either plain granulated sugar syrup,
clarified molasses, honey, or . corn
syrup, as desired The result is a full
pint of really better cough syrup than
vou could buy ready-made for three
times the money. Tastes pleasant and
never spoils.
This Plnex and Syrup preparation
gets right at the cause of a cough
and lves almost Immediate relief.
It loosens the phlegm, stops the nasty
throat tickle and heals the sore. Irri
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that tt is really astonishing.
A day's use will usually overcome
the ordinary cough, and for bronchi
tis, croup, hoarseness and bronchial
asthma, there Is nothing better.
Pinex is a most valuable concen
trated compound of genuine Norway
pine extract, and has been used for
generations to break up severe
coughs.
To avoid disappointment, ask your
druggist for "IH ounces of Pinex"
with full directions, and don't accept
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i aolute satisfaction or money prompt-
Let Me Prove This Free
My Internal method for the treat
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the correct one. Thousands upon
thousands of grateful letters testify
to this, and I want you to try this
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No matter whether your case Is of
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whether it is chronic or acute, wheth
er it is occasional or permanent, you
should send for three free trial treat
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what your age or occupation if you
are troubled with piles, my method
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I especially want to send It to thr e
aDDarently hopeless cases where all
forms of ointments, salves and other
1 local applications have failed.
I I want you to realize that my
method of treating piles Is the one
most dependable treatment.
This liberal offer of free treatment
is too important for you to neglect a
single day. Write now. Send no
monev. Simply mail the coupon but
do this now TODAY.
Free Pile Remedy
E. R. Page.
947B Page Bldg., Marshall Mich.
Please send free trial of your
Method to:
Mexico City is the business capital iv refunded. The Pinex Co. Vt
of Mexico mm New York la u the Wane. ind, Adv.
i . ia
n vll
Trusses are sold in The
wl Drua Stores on the
basis of a perfect fit or
money refunded, experi
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Children always in attendance.
Private fitting rooms and special
service at
Jhe Dud 'LragCc
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Mall Order lalveu Prutnut Attention