s
TIIE SUNDAY OREG ONI AN, PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 28, 1919. "
ESTABLISHED ItV HKNRY L. FITTOCK.
Published by The Orecontan Publishing Co.,
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STOP TALKING AXB RATIFY.
The prevailing sentiment of the
American people is expressed in the
resolutions of a number 6f members
of the faculty of the University of
Oregon calling upon the senate for
speedv ratification of the treaty with
Germany. Regardless the faults of
the treaty, the resolutions speak un
deniable truth in saying:
Thai whether the treaty of peace with
Germany, and the league of nations cove
nant nre in all respects ideal or not. they
constitute the best hope both for an im
mediate settlement ol national and world
affairs and for the permanent relief of the
world from the danger of future wars.
The statesmen of the allied nations
labored long on the treaty, and if all
its critics were to put their heads
together, they could not draw a
better, nor is the world willing to
wait while they make the attempt.
The league covenant contains pro
visions for its own amendment and
for withdrawal of any nation, if it
does not work to the satisfaction of
that nation. The league will be the
means of correcting any injustices in
the terms dictated to Germany. Then
the choice now is between immediate
amendment, further delaying peace,
and immediate peace with full op
portunity for subsequent amend
ment. This is no question between presi
dent and senate, or between republi
cans and democrats; it is a question
for the the united action of the
American nation in conjunction with
other nations to settle relations with
Germany and to form a league for
preservation of peace with justice.
It is a question of ending the sus
pense in which the world is held, and
which is already frittering away the
fruits of victory.
The word should go out from the
people to the senate to stop talking
and ratify. If reservatious which
would not delay actual peace are
needed to quiet the qualms of some
senators, make them, but ratify, for
while the senate delays, new wars
brew.
ABSURDITIES OF KATEMAKING.
Although the recent hearing on
freight rates on cement directly con
cerned only one corporation in Ore
gon, it is of general interest because
that corporation has established a
new industry at Oswego, but chiefly
because it brings to light one more of
the absurdities of the competitive
rate system which now prevails.
In order to compete with water
lines, yie Southern Pacific made the
low rate of 22 cents per hundred
pounds from the cement mills at To
lenas, Cal., to Portland, a distance
of 694 miles, while the rate from
Oswego to Portland, only nine miles.
is 6 cents. From Concrete, Wash.,
to Portland, 2S5 miles, the rate is 12
cents and from Metaline Falls, Idaho,
D07 miles, it is 32 cents. The glaring
inequality is best illustrated by the
rate per ton per mile in each case,
which is: Oswego 13 cents; Tolenas
6 mills. Concrete 8 mills, Metaline
Kalis 12 mills. The same inequality
appears in rates to Vancouver, 19
miles from Oswego, for the rate per
ton-mile is: from Oswego 8 cents,
from Tolenas 7 mills, from Concrete
8 mills, from Metaline Falls 12 mills.
Water competition from California
justifies a lower rate than between
two inland points, but Oswego also
has the opportunity of -water compe
tition to both Portland and Van
couver. Water competition does not
extend up the Willamette valley and,
if the accepted rule were followed.
the local rate from Portland would
be added for valley points. But the
L'2-cent rate from Tolenas is contin
ued to Halsey, an additional haul of
!)5 miles without additional charge,
while the rate from Oswego risen
from 6 to 14 cents. Metaline Falls
lias no water competition, yet it pays
3 2 mills per toa-mile against Os
tyego's 13 cents.
The reason given for these in
equalities is that they are made in
order to admit mills on each line
into competing markets. A cement
mill locates at Metaline Falls, in a
thinly settled country, in order to be
near raw material, and the railroad
gives it about 200 miles of free
transportation to bring its product to
market. The railroads regard them
selves as transportation merchants,
and they fix rates according to the
necessity and importunity of ship
pers, not! on any principle of one
price for all.
The cement case is a close parallel
to the Columbia basin case in the
general principle for which the Os
wego company contends. This is that
rates should be adjusted to distance,
or cost of service. No shipper is en
titled to relief from the natural dis
advantages of his location by cheaper
transportation than his neighbor has,
and it follows that none should be
deprived of his natural advantages
by such means. Transportation is not
a commodity for sale at terms vary
ing according to the particular cir
cumstances of each deal, or accord
ing to the oversupply which the
owner has on hand; jt is a public
service to be rendered to all at the
same price for an equal quantity and
quality. If that principle were ap
plied, the Oswego mill would have
an advantage within a certain radius,
the Concrete mill would have a like
advantage on Puget sound, Metaline
Falls would hold the lead in eastern
Washington and Idaho, and the Cali
fornia mills would have a wide field
of their own.
This principle is not yet followed
for the reason that public regulation
has not been able to break away
from the old idea that a railroad is a
private enterprise to adopt the idea
that it is. a public servant. Nor has
government operation effected any
chan-re. In spite of all the tall talk
about unified operation and use of
the shortest route, the roads are still
operated in the interests of their
separate owners, and attorneys flock
to rate hearings to represent the
owners. Evidence of this fact is the
handling of cement from Oswego
to Portland. The direct route is by
the Southern Pacific to Jefferson
street a' d then by the- United rail
way to the North Bank yard or any
point of delivery. In fact a Car is
hauled over the Southern Pacific to
Willbridge, then over the bridge and
down the east aide to connection
with the O-W R. & N.. over that
road to the junction with the North
Bank, then over the North Bank
bridge to the freight yard or to the
United r-.ilway. That car goes all
the way around Robin Hood's barn
iu order to secure a. longer haul for
the Southern Pacific, yet Director
General Hines holds a lodge of sor
row over his deficit.
THE ADVERSARY'S BOOK.
Samuel Gompers assures the sen
ate labor committee that the views
of President Woodrow Wilson on the
closed shop are not the views of Dr.
Woodrow Wilson. In 1909 Dr.
Woodrow Wilson made the state
ment that he was "a fierce partisan
of the open shop."
Mr. Gompers also assures the com
mittee that the views of "William Z.
Foster, secretary of the national
strike-committee of steel workers,
are no longer the views of William
Z. Foster, author of a book on syn
dicalism and sabotage.
Foster's book appeared about the
time that Dr. -Wilson uttered his
famous remark on the open shop.
Foster's work is a text book on
methods of sabotage as. well tts an
advocate of industrial and political
revolution. The following are choice
jquot
quotations from it:
society is even to be perpetuated to
say nothinp of being organized upon an
equitable basis the wages system must
be abolished. The thieves at present in
control of the indtistries must be stripped
of their booty and society so reorganized
that every individual shall have free ac
cess to the social means of production.
This social reorganization will be a revo
lution. Only after such a revolution will
the icreat Inequalities of modern society
disappear.
But it Is idle to even speculate on the
aroused workers cowardly stooping to buy
back the industries stolen from them.
When the psychological moment arrives
the working class, hungering for emanci
pation, will adopt the only method at its
disposal and put an end to capitalism
with the general strike.
In his choice of weapons to fight his
capitalist enemies the syndicalist is no
more careful to select those that are
"fair," "just" or "civilized" than Is a
householder attacked, in the night by a
burglar.
As indicated, these were the views
of Mr. Foster before he became sec
retary of a very large organization,
just as the opinion of Dr. Wilson on
the open shop was held before he
became president of a very large
democracy. Says Mr. Foster to the
New York Sun correspondent:
It's old stuff; It has whiskers on it. I
haven't seen it for ten years. We know
who's now sending it around, however.
They've dug it up and reprinted it to dis
credit the men. In a day or two I'll have
ready for you a new pamphlet. But you
won't be fair. You won't print that, be
cause it might be creditable.
The common interpretation given
Job's wish that his adversary might
have written a book needs to be
taken to heart by any and every
philosopher who has any thought of
ever ceasing to be a philosopher to
become a leader of men in practical
affairs.
THE BRIEF AGAINST TUBERCULAR
MARRIAGES.
When William Forrestal, of Chi
cago, sought to marry, he was ar
rested on his wedding eve, by order
of the health commissioner. Taken to
the tuberculosis ward of the Cook
county hospital, he was detained
until he had given his word to post
pone his nuptials and to seek health
in the desert air of Arizona. The
laws of Illinois held that the pros
pective bridegroom was a menace to
the future health of the state.
Love balks at barriers, and the
physically afflicted contend against
any denial of their rrght to happi
ness. Handicapped in the game ot
life, they feel not unnaturally that
the high privilege of marital happi
ness should at least be theirs. Nor
does medical science deny this, save
in instances where the concerns of
posterity are involved.
In recent data collected by the
health department of Colorado, it
was shown that children born of
tubercular parentage enter the world
with a 30 per cent charge against
their normal development. Whereas
the world is full of girls and boys
who, theoretically, have the heritage
of 100 per cent physical and mental
development, the shadow of the
great white plague rests upon the
unfortunates whose mothers and
fathers cast discretion to the winds,
and were wedded despite the active
tubercular taint. Their children
possess but a 70 per cent chance of
normal development.
It is not, say the men of medical
research, that the actual imprint of
active tuberculosis is upon the off
spring of such unions. The theory
of heredity has never been definitely
contended for in tuberculosis in
quiries. But there yet remains the
strong probability that the infant
will acquire tuberculosis by contact
after birth. In any event, it is agreed
that the tubercular status of the par
entage is a fearful factor in under
mining the stamina of the child.
With regard to the normality of chil
dren born, of tubercular marriages.
there is more than a suspicion that
they are predisposed to amentia, or
reeme-mindedness, and it has been
stated on high authority that "an
cestral tuberculosis, like alcoholism,
has an important indirect and pos-
siDiy a contrmutory influence.
It would be as well if the chain of
calamity ended at this link, but it
grows in length with the perpetua
tion of enfeebled physique and mind
oinding more firmly the shackles that
science is striving to strike from the
race. So it is that medical men, as
a rule, frown upon the marriage of
one of tubercular affliction, unless
tne union is to be childless.
The world owes its debt of happi
ness to every mortal. Sometimes it
pays, but often it defaults. Yet who
would, at will, for the achievement
of happiness, condemn his line to
the darkness of suffering and de
spair? The mind turns back appalled
by a selfishness so colossally un
natural and unkind. It is wisdom to
reflect that the bout with tubercu
losis is not lost, but that medical
science Is backing it to the ropes,
pernaps ior tne
final knock-out.
Statistics show that every third per-
son between 15 and 60 dies of the
scourge, and that approximately one
in every ten deaths is caused by tu
berculosis. But they show aa well
that sanitation, fresh air, dieting,
and conformation to a well under
stood routine " of treatment, make
recovery not only possible but
probable.
It has been proved beyond conten
tion that the white plague, like Prus
sian militarism, is not unbeatable,
and that thousands of lives may be
spared to the full fruition of happi
ness and achievement. But the
hands of common sense and science
alike are raised against those who
meddle with destiny ere they are
cured.
HOG ISLAND'S LESSON.
Announcement comes from Wash
ington that when the Hog Island
shipyard finishes its present con
tracts for the government it will be
abandoned as a shipyard and prob
ably will be sold- to- Hie American
International corporation, which has
an option on the plant. That com
pany is expected to tear out the
ways and derricks and to erect great
piers for an ocean terminal similar
to the Bush terminal at Brooklyn.
All ships under contract will be fin
ished within a year.
Thus the chief beneficiary from
the Hog Island enterprise will be
the private corporation which con
structed it with public money at ex
travagant cost, and which has man
aged it for the government on the
cost-plus system. Such expenditure
could be justified only by acceler
ated output of the type of ships
which the government wanted for
war and which would afterward be
useful in peace output at a pace
which could not be equaled by yards
that fabricated the steel on the
ground, and at a cost materially be
low that of other yards. The output
gained and the saving effected should
be sufficient to compensate for the
difference between the first cost of
the yard and the price at which it
could be sold.
From this standpoint Hog Island
lias not justified itself. There were
many delays in construction, cost far
exceeded estimates, and the first
hull was not launched until August,
1918. It did not get into efficient
operation until the war was over.
It could have fulfilled its purpose
only if the war had continued
through 1919, and possibly into 1920,
as was expected. In fact the best
records were made at yards in Port
land and Seattle, which fabricate
their own steel. If much less lavish
aid had been given to Pacific coast
yards than was given to Hog Island,
they might have outdone it.
ACRE MUST PRODUCE MORE.
John A. Cavanagh, vice-president
of the Des Moines (Ia.) National
bank, is one of the well-known finan
ciers of the middle west. Also he is
a farmer, owner of considerable
tracts of some of the finest agricul
tural land in the Hawkeye state. In
both capacities he is a man of vision.
Addressing the Farm Mortgage
Bankers' Association of America in
Chicago recently, he said:
At a recent meeting of banker and real
estate men. in the state in which I have
the honor to- live, attention waa called to
the fact that only 20 years ago a similar
meeting had- beea held for the express
purpose of determining the best action to
be taken should Iowa farm land advance
to So7...u an acre, aa then seemed possi
ble. Today much of that same land is
selling for ten times the price which at
that time occasioned. alarm
Thousands of acres of Iowa farm
land this year, according to Mr.
Cavanagh, have been sold at prices
ranging from $250 to J600 an acre,
and in the face of these phenomenal
prices the activity in the land market
in that state was such as had never
been known before. This enormous
increase in land values or prices was,
of course, not confined to Iowa. It
was general, especially throughout
the middle west and south, the Iowa
advance being cited as an illustra
tion that land, like practically every
thing else in recent years, has gone
to heights hitherto unknown.
The recent course of land values
naturally has a disturbing effect in
some quarters, and raises queries.
"Can these prices be maintained
when the world, following the war,
again is stabilized? And if so, what
will be the effect on the cost of pro
duction for the farmer and the cost
of living for the non-producing con
sumer?" These are questions that
are being asked. If what goes up
has to come down, as some wiseacre
has said, then there would seem to
be in store some very considerable
losses for men who last year and
this invested in high-priced farm
lands. If, on the other hand, the
high land prices that have been es
tablished are maintained, then rela
tively high produce prices will be a
necessity if the producer is to make
good.
Roger W. Babson says: "We feel
that farm values are tremendously
inflated; that under normal condi
tions such as prevailed in 1912 and
1913, farm lands purchased at pres
ent costs would not begin to yield an
adequate return on the investment.
Professor Irving Fisher of Yale
university, on the other hand, says:
We are on a permanently higher
price level. To talk reverently of
1913-1914 prices is to speak in
dead language. The clever man is
the man who finds out the new price
facts and acts accordingly."'
There are the two extremes of
thought at this time on high land
values and the future welfare and
prosperity of the people, and in this
connection it is interesting to note
the conclusions of Mr. Cavanagh, the
Iowa banker-farmer.
"The prices of farm products will decline
within the next few years," says he, "but
the price of farm land w-111 not decline
within the next decade, and farming will
continue to provide a reasonable return
on both, capital and labor Invested."
a. rurtner conclusion, and one
whose importance can hardly be
overestimated, is this: "Farming in
the future will be conducted more
scientifically than ever before. AJ
new type ot intensive farmer will re
sult from the decrease in the value
of farm products and the increase
In the value of farm land."
Better agriculture in America is
inevitable, and for the man who in
sists that this is impossible the future
already is closed, for in the general
economic situation there is nothing
clearer than the fact that. American
methods of agriculture as practiced
heretofore now are inadequate. In
every other important industry the
United States is in line with the great
nations of the world, and in some
lines away ahead of most of them.
In commerce, manufacture, banking,
invention, technical industry and
other highly important fields we are
well m the front and we need fea
the competition of no other nation,
In agriculture, it might as well be
admitted, we- are in the rear. In the
cultivation of the soil we have not
yet made good.
In the years just prior to the war
on an acre of land Germany was
raising 35 bushels of wheat, Austria
22, France 20, the United Kingdom 33
and the United States 12 to 15. In
those years on an acre Germany was
producing 60 bushels of oats, Austria
42, France 30, the United Kingdom 43
and the United States 29. On an
acre in those years Germany was
raising more than 200 bushels of po
tatoes, Austria around 150 bushels,
France 127, the United Kingdom 240
and the United States 90 to 100
bushels.
The one inescapable conclusion Is
that the acre in America in the future
will have to be made to produce
more than it has produced in the
past. This will be done because it
has to be done. There is no ques
tion about possibilities. There is no
richer agricultural domain in the
world than is to be found in America.
The only course open to America is
to make better use of it, and this
unquestionably will be done.
BRAIN CHEAPER THAN BRAWN'.
Is brawn worth more than brains?
That question, is suggested by the
appeal of Harvard for an endowment
fund of $16,250,000, mainly for the
purpose of increasing the pay of the
faculty. The work of Harvard, as of
other universities, is to produce
trained men for the service of the
country in industry, the professions,
the arts and government. Men who
have such training receive the high
est salaries and profits in business,
but the modest professors who train
them are now paid In some cases no
more than unskilled workmen, in
others no more than skilled me-,
chanics.
After a man has studied for foul
years at Harvard and an additional
three years to graduate as doctor ot
philosophy, he is qualified for an in
structor at J 1200 a year. He is then,
says the Harvard announcement,
"lower in the economic scale than
waiters, policemen, chauffeurs, street
cleaners." While ironworkers' wage
have risen CO per cent since 1916,
college professors' salaries are the
same as in 1905, and the highest
salary to which the best of them can
hope to attain at Harvard is $5500.
Many can barely make ends meet
Most Harvard professors receive
$4000 a year, and assistant professors
$2500 to $3000. They are forced to
make up the deficiencies of their in
come by writing and outside work,
which absorbs energy that should be
used in teaching.
It may be thought that general
diffusion of education has caused
overproduction of highly educated
men, but that explanation is refuted
by the fact that the demand for just
such men men of high scientific
attainment is great and that they
are often offered several times their
university salary by industrial enter
prises. Probably the true explana
tion is that they are peculiarly
qualified to teach and to conduct
scientific research, and that they
ove their work for its own sake. It
so absorbs them that the money
making instinct is never developed in
them. They are content to live sim
ply enough to raise a family in de
cency and comfort and to keep their
minds free from worry about money.
n order that they may not be dis
tracted from work.
Probably it is because professors
have this temperament that we have
not long ago heard of a professors'
union which struck for salaries pro
pcrtionate to their superiority in
education and ability over shipbuild
ers, steelworkers and locomotive en
gineers. For that reason the proposal
to raise enough funds to increase
their salaries fifty per . cent comes
from the graduates, not from them
selves. Because they are .self-deny-!
ing, devoted to their work and not
self-assertive, their service, of which
the value can scarcely be measured
in dollars, should be rewarded, and
there should be no grumbling at the
high cost of America's best asset
education. DOCTORS AND THE POPULATION.
The Carnegie foundation does not
share the misapprehension of some
persons that the country is threat
ened with a famine in physicians.
The difficulty, if any, lies in faulty
distribution, rather than insufficient
numbers in the country as a whole.
The foundation's recent report is
based on data collected by the Amer
ican Medical association, including
the total number under 45 and under
55 years of age, the total number in
each county in the United States, and
the number and names of physicians
under commission in the United
States army and navy.
It appears that before the war
there were a dozen counties that had
one physician for every 100 to 200
people. Obviously this was a greater
number than needed. There were
eighteen counties in which one physi
cian was called on to serve more
than 5000 people. The latter num
ber was inadequate, according to ac
cepted standards in the older coun
tries, unless the communities in
question enjoyed exceptionally good
health. The spirit of the Carnegie
report is in opposition to relaxation
of standards in the false notion that
this is necessary in order to main
tain supply. It seems that we can
still afford to Insist on a bettor aver-
e of attainment, rather than fall
into a panic and adopt measures
calculated only to Increase numbers.
The Carnegie report says, for ex
ample:
The medians, half way between these ex
tremes, indicate that every state la the
country, even under war conattlons, was
plentifully supplied with physician 'l he
central tendency before the war shows that
there wait one physician to about K.'iO of
the population, while the withdrawal for
war service raised this figure only to one
physician for about ll.".o of the population.
Compared with the entirely Ina'tenuate ra
tlo of one physician to every 'luiJO persons
which prevailed In hurope before tho war.
these fiKures furnish sufficient evidence
that, with our present supply of twice the
European ratio of physicians, the danger
of any shortage Is exceedingly remote. No
argument can le maae from tnis Ulrection
asainst the maintenance and advancement
of the best standards in the preparation of
future physicians.
An additional reason for insisting
on the highest possible standards in
this branch of science, which is not
mentioned in the Carnegie report but
which deserves consideration, is in
creasing acceptance of the doctrine
that the physician is quite as impor
tant a factor in disease prevention a.-,
in the alleviation of maladies once
they have manifested themselves out
wardly. The term "cure" has under
gone a change in the medical lexicon
in the past few years. It is less often
misused than formerly. Medical
science more and more directs it
energies to the study of fundameiv
tals. Congestion of populations en
larges the community, and therefore
the political phases of the general
health problem. We are finding out
that it pays better to take care of
mothers and their babies than it does
to try to patch up adults in which
the seeds of woe may have been sown
before they were born, or very early
in their lives. Physicians are less
inclined to give long names to dis
eases, as if they were something spe
cific, and to treat whole sets of con
ditions, rather than isolated symp
toms. And this presupposes not only
such technical education as will be
indicated to every observer, but a
kind of intellectual training which
tits the man of science to think
broadly, to reason widely and to view
disease as an evil to be combated at
a source which may be far outside
the range of vision of the ordinary
man.
The same is true, of course, of
other professions. The Carnegie
foundation is principally concerned
with the advancement of teaching,
with education in every sense. It
will foster, consequently, such a pol
icy in education as will train the in
tellect of the student, and strengthen
his ability to think for himself in
large terms, as befits the times. The
argument which it presents for a
solid foundation for education is as
applicable to any other vocation as
it is to the profession of medicine.
PERSHING
AND THE
BELT.
8 AM BROWNE
Twice since the chariot of Mars
trundled away has General Pershing
defied the lightning. With the stern
Ban? froid of the veteran campaigner
he turned from the congressional
committee of inquiry when it visited
France. And when he led the First
division through tumultuously ap
preciative New York, he wore the
Sam Browne belt banned by Gen
eral March, his superior as chief of
staff, from the equipment of officers
returning from foreign fields.
Sartorial effects of soldiery are
mysteries to the mere civilian. He
looks upon them with the kindling
eye of one who feels they would be
come him but the spiral puttee has
never an end to it, so far as he di
vines. It is a bit of. trapping that
lends swagger and dash to the lad
with the gold chevrons of overseas
service. He pictures it grimed with
the soil of Flanders more often
termed "mud" and torn by the
enemy wire in some stubborn taking
of the last desperate trench. And
part and parcel of his worship is the
Sam Browne belt.
They say that a humble buck
private, who must have been either
harness-maker or hostler in the days
of his civilianship, designed the sin
gularly martial bit of gear that bears
his name, and that served his supe
riors so well in lifting the heft of their
sidearms and in distinguishing them
from plain privates with belts as in
the case of the British "Tommy."
With all the eager romanticism of
an unmilitary nation. America
warmed to the Sam Browne belt
when it was adopted by our overseas
forces. The most prosaic business
man of those who kept the home
fires burning was in accord with
General Pershing's reiterated request
that returning overseas officers be
permitted to retain that classic
touch of trapping the Sam" Browne
belt. But a cold, unfeeling war de
partment, aghast at the prospect
that home service officers would
present a beltless contrast, vetoed
the recommendation.
In the strict military sense General
Pershing is insubordinate. Reckless
of war departmental instructions, he
wore the leather circlet of his service
when he came home to sundry mil
lions of wildly admiring Americans.
And the officers of the First division.
stepping along tho New York pave
ments, they wore the proscribed
belts as well.
Like to the Sam Browne belt.
these matters military are mysteries
to the fortunate ones who never had
to "go on k. p." who never delved into
the fascinations of "a. w. o. 1.," or
watched the star-shells burst above
some field of deadly struggle. They
are but unscathed civilians, stilt
mildly envious of the panoply of
those who followed the colors. But
they are quite ready to concur that
the Sam Browne belt is heart's de
sire raised to the nth degree. What
veteran could part with it without a
pang? Not General Pershing, evi
dently. HOME AGAIN FROM TIIE PACIFIC.
The automobile has been named
the annihilator of distance. Vaca
tion haunts that were removed by
long days of travel, not so long ago.
have been brought near to the city,
and their enjoyment is no longer oc
casional. The length and breadth of
the land is veined by new highways,
routes that penetrate the wilderness
at a thrust and place the city within
an hour or so of forest and stream.
Vacationing has been made various
and easy, through the necromancy of
the motor.
Yet distance is not all that dies
when the.invading motcr-car reaches
its objective. Before it the game
falls back, seeking safety in more
impenetrable seclusion, fastnesses
that are not yet tapped by constant
travel. The -hill streams, stocked
with myriad trout, come to know
well the swish of the line and the
splash of the lure. Depleted and dis
couraged by dally toll, the trout be
come scarce in a few brief seasons,
and the white water and tho deep.
meditative pools hold but fingerlings.
or an occasional wary old warrior
who has escaped capture through a
blend of luck and sagacity.
There isn't an argument permissi
ble over" the statement .hat most
of those who toss the duffle in their
autos, and whirl away to forget busi
ness and town for a day or so, are
bent upon fishing. Nor can there be
any controversy over the f requently
repeated assertion that "fishing :
not what it used to be." So it is that
the streams near at hand, those most
readily reached by an hour or two of
travel, have lost the glamor of the
days when every cast produced its
suicidal rush and flurry of tossed
foam. faster than the hatcheries
can put them back, the rainbow and
cutthroat are taken from the streams
of their nativity. Were it not for the
fact that the fisherman never lacks
a friend, more potent than a dozen
commisaions for the restocking of
Oregon rivers and creeks, the fuli
creel would have gone the way of
the dodo long since. That friend,
never failing, is the Pacific ocean,
from whose illimitable - reaches the
replenishment arrives season after
season.
It is to the so-called salmon trout,
(rey of the salmon-egg angler when
the fall rains swell the coast streams,
that the debt of replenishment is in
large measure due. When streams
grown quiet with drouth, denuded of
sport by the constant demands of the
summer angler, feel the rush and
i vigor of the first lains of autumn.
the tingle of an urgent message races
down to the sea. And weather-wise
fishermen, looking- with approval at
the pouring skies, remark that the
salmon trout will be running soon.
Nor do the trout fall them. Up from
the Pacific, drawn to the veriest
trickle of fresh water that enters the
breakers, the lusty sea-trout begin
their pilgrimage to the spawning
beds. Fat and full of fight, gleam
ing with the brilliance of newly
minted silver, they follow the run
ning salmon Inland. On riffles brown
with silt, riffles that were barren
aforetime, there springs the radiance
of leaping litheness again. The
trout have come home!
Like to the salmon, whose nests
they raid with the sangfroid and
enjoyment of so many small boys in
melon season, the salmon trout are
answering the matrimonial urge.
Late in the winter, or through Janu
ary or February, they will drill their
own noses Into the gravel, deposit
their own eggs, and charge the
hungry grayling with ajl the venge
ance of alarmed parenthood.
Thus is the stocking of Oregon
coast streams accomplished, in large
part, at least. With the coming of
the salmon trout nature laughs at the
inroads that men have made upon
her larder, and struggles to main
tain the people of the streams. That
she does so successfully is attested by
the fact that the winter brings al
ways its quota of finer fishing, and
leaves for the spring an abundance
to delight the early angler. To the
average fisherman the sea-run trout
is always a "salmon trout," a fish of
unknown and mysterious genesis,
sent from the bountiful sea for the
delectation of anglers. His simple
name suffices, and the silver mail
that sheathes him that fairy gleam
of tiny velvet scales is sufficient to
mark him as a species apart. But
close observers agree that the salmon
trout, in most instances, is merely
the adventurous cutthroat or rainbow
whose girth and spirit sent him down
to the ocean the season before, wild
as any sailor for salt water. He ia
the piscatorial "tar." of the coast
streams, back from his cruise, when
he returns.
It is significant that the smaller
creeks tributary to the Columbia,
entirely drained of large trout during
the summer months, become by mid
winter, well toward their head
waters, the residential quarters of
large cutthroat trout, black of spot
and vivid of throat slash. Whence
came the replenishment? The only
answer is that these are the sil
very "salmon trout" who passed
upward a few weeks before, and
whose inherent markings have been
restored in full beauty by the caress
of their native waters. As a matter
of record, the actual test has been
made. Sca-run trout, typical of their
kind, have been imprisoned for a
fortnight on their return to fresh
water. The observers agreed that
the transformation began almost at
once, that the tribal markings passed
from faint blotches and hints of
color to the full regalia of the spotted
cutthroat. Tests of this character,
it goes without saying, have nothing
whatever to do with actual infant
salmon, possessingethe evident char
acteristics of the salmon, and which
are in some localities referred to as
salmon trout.
So long as trout run to the sea
and they will run to the sea while
there is a trout to answer the call
the coast streams of Oregon are as
sured of annual replenishment, and
anglers may look toward the morrow
with a reflection that nature, like
mere mortals, has a tolerant regard
for the fellow who fishes.
By refusing assent to the new
wage scale agreed on by Pacific
coast shipbuilders and workmen, the
shipping board forces a strike on
ships building for itself. This is
doubtless in pursuance of the general
policy of President Wilson to resist
demands for higher wages while he
endeavors to force prices down. The
effect is to stop government ship
building on the Pacific coast while it
continues on the Atlantic. It also
speeds up building for private own
ers, for the shipbuilders .are free to
pay the new scale on them. This
would be ept to have an unfavorable
effect on the price at which the
board can sell its own ships, but it
may meet that difficulty by refusing
approval to private contracts regard
less of the need of vessels. As a de
vice for obstructing industry, the
shipping board takes the palm.
If the British government's plan
to maintain transport by meuns of
motor vehicles should even meas
urably succeed, it may prove that
the railroad men have struck a dead
ly blow at their own industry. The
government's action is equivalent to
saying: "(Jo ahead and strike; we will
get along without you." Progress
of invention is so rapid that few in
dustries are indispensable.
A boy who was born in the year
when the iirst airplane flight was
made is not yet through high school,
but a trans - Atlantic flight has
already been made, a trans-Pacific
flight is projected and before the
boy is old enough to marry a flight
around the world may have become
a fact.. Yet we are less than a cen
tury distant from the stage coach
era.
Probably one reason why the
French government sells American
tobacco at such an enormous pre
mium is that it is so far superior to
that manufactured by the govern
ment monopoly. One who smokes
French tobacco is tempted to smoke
any kind of dried weeds in prefer
ence. The stuff which some San Fran
cisco men made for sale as whisky
was a reflection on the honorable
calling of the moonshiner. It in a
great promoter of prohibition, for it
is a warning to avoid anything that
is called whisky, except for the pur
pose of "cirte.
In bringing suit against tho gov
ernment. John D. Spret-kels is true to
the family tradition, which is never
to lose an opportunity of litigation,
even if it is necessary for two of the
brothers to sue each other.
Revelations of cruelties in Amer
ican prison camps in France suggest
that some disciples of Bernhardt
strayed into tho American army.
If the other caulkers' union gets
into the labor council the delegates
will prove themselves "corkers."
Make a state fair date for the
week end If you did not go earlier In
the week.
Bohemia is playins
game on Vienna.
freeze-out
BY-PRODUCTS OF THE PRESS '
Cryptle Date mm Modern Stone Chap
lin Acknowledges Defeat Antt
tiolf Crusade.
It is a venerable tradition of monu
ment-builders, as old as the earliest
civilizations, to work In cryptic date
among the ornaments or inscriptions
of monuments. The "Number of the
Beast," or Apocalyptic Number (Rev.
xili:18), in Greek alphabet numerals is
one of the famous puzzles of scholars.
Bacon-Shakespeare research for ci
phers in the Shakespeare reprints
have made the game familiar in our
own times. Canada, in her great
peace tower of the government build
ings at Ottawa, hands on the schol
arly tradition. The inscription runs
thus:
This Stone was laid by
Edward. Prince of Wales.
September 1.
In this Year of Victory.
Finis Coronal Opvs.
Apparently the year is not recorded.
But certain of the letters have a dent
underneath them, and if these letters
are taken as Roman numerals, they
read thus:
ILIDDDICLI1IVICIICV.
If these Roman numerals are added
together they total: 1313.
In a London club a lively political
argument had sprung up between a
well-known Irish nationalist and an
English unionist who holds a chair
at r.ne of the universities, says the
Manchester Guardian. So long as the
argument remained purely political
the third member ot the party, a
clergyman of the church of Ireland
and an ex-chaplain in the Ulster di
vision, remained silent. But the ar
gument drifted, as such arguments
will, and by and by it was the nation
alist who was silent while his fellow
countryman fiercely contested what
he considered the professor's belit
tling of Ireland. Finally he said:
"Look at all we've done for ye. Why,
we Christianized ye!" His momentary
dramatic pause enahled the professor
to interject: "What nonsense! Ion
did nothing of the kind." The ex
chaplain put his hand out as it to
acknowledge defeat, and went on in
a quieter tone: "That's true! You
are quite right but we did our best.
The Saxons standing round laughed
heartily. .
The Congregat ionalist sees no indi
cation, outside a little group of older
men who deplore almost any modifi
cation of old-time Sabbath customs,
that the churches are ready to get
behind Secretary Kneeland of the
Lord's Day league in any vigorous and
far-reaching crusade agalust Sunday
golf. It is too touchy a subject for
the average Christian man today, who
has outgrown the traditions of the
earlier times. The suggestion is of
fered that church people think out
afresh their own personal convictions
regarding the use of the Lord's day.
Then, in the light of their own theory
and practice, let them confer concern
ing the extent to which they will un
dertake to regulate the activities and
diversions of others.
Robert Underwood Johnson, editor
and author, has been designated di
rector of New York university's hall
of fame for great Americans. Dr.
Johnson, who will conduct this year's
election to the hall, succeeds the lata
Henry Mitchell MacCracken. former
chancellor of New York university.
Selection of names for the hall is
made every fifth year by a committee
of 100 or more electors. No person
can be considered for election until
ten years has elapsed atter his death.
Grover Cleveland becomes eligible this
year. Only seven presidents of tho
United States are in the hall of fame.
and none since Lincoln.
King Albert, as military leader of
the Belgians, is immortalized in the
new Belgian postage stamps. The
series portrays the king iu active
service kit, wearing the familiar steel
casque of the Belgian army. A new
issue of 15 Abyssinian stamps also is
out. Each shows the possibilities of
the country for big game hunting,
with elephants, tigers,lloiis and other
M ild animals handsomely printed in
two colors. Jamaica's victory stamp
is another newcomer. It is an obluns
label, printed In dark green, showing
troops on board a transport above the
inscription, "Troops departing."
A strike of grave diggers in Dublin
maintained for some weeks at Glas
nevin cemetery caused much incon
venience and some risk to the public
health. It was mitigated, however,
by the decision of the cemeteries'
committee to permit Interments by
people having plots in the cemetery
provided that they opened and closed
the graves themselves- The grave
diggers then appealed to the hearse
drivers, who declared a sympathetic
strike and refused to convey bodies
for burial.
liana Shlniozumi, the young Japan
ese prima donna, now attracting at
tention in New York, is Japanese only
in name and birth, bavins come to
this country as a tiny baby, where
she was adopted by a 100 per cent
American family. Beyond the faintest
suggestion of slightly tilted eyebrows
there is nothing oriental about her.
"What is your favorite dissipation?"
a New York interviewer asked.
"Well," came the hesitating answer,
"1 thought until yesterday that it
was Sherry candy, but Mr. do Angelis
brought ine iu something last tils 'it
in a paper box that he called chop
sue), and I think it was simply heav
enly " "Chop-suey." shrieked the In
terviewer, "why, that Is the native
Japanese and Chinese dish." "Is it?'
came the wondering reply. I never
heard of it before, but it sure is heav
enly."
"Many motor speeders arrested in
your town. Uncle Si?"
"No. There used ter be. but we set
tled them fellers, all right. Hain't
been hardly an arrest in six months.
How did you manage it?"
we Jest fixed the speed limit
at 75 miles an hour, an' domed few
of 'em kin make it. b'gosh:" Boston
Transcript.
During the uerman occupation of
Lii-iie the police arrested a parrot on
the cor.iplaint that it had repeatedly
called out. "Down with the boches
According to the story, tho parrot was
kept prisoner for a month. The wom
an who owned it finally convinced the
German authorities that the parrut
could not pronounce "B" and the bird
was released.
Here is a bit of Inside Information:
"To broadeu his knowledge of human
nature and compute his education,
every man who aspires to personal
j achievement should put in at U-ast a
I year in prison." Sing Slug Bulletin.
Brotherhood.
By Grace E. II all.
Whence came Intolerance, condescen
sion, patronage? Of what de
scent, and on what claims es
tablished? Why the glow of indignation when
one of less pretentious mien
but ventures to Intrude upon
the attention of the self-estimated
autocrats?
Came they then to earth by more fa-
Torea route than I? Were those
from whom they came of
greater worth than those whose
name I bore? And hv?
Perchance Dame Fortune smiled be
nignly on forbears, who early
followed the trail-blazers to
new and untried fields:
Perchance mere circumstance has in
terceded and brought results
most unexpected and stupen
dous: But once again I nner-s- vhv i-
condescension, the patronage,
the assumed suoerioritv?
Is a man-made medium of exchsnve
then, to be the entree, and its
lack the exit, to "better" soci
ety? And asrain. whv?
Oh, how foolish is this Hiinfrf.aHi v
this self-agtrrandizement based
on tinsel that shall be taken
away at the yawning grave
dour!
Conceding that another shall be hap
pily, fortunately circumstanced
by birth how great, then,
should be his thankfulness, his
charity. toward those less
lessed! "
Each man by Nature's methods was
endowed with life: each one by
Nature's methods shall be de
prived thereof. All wander un
known paths toward unknown
destinations:
Strange fates exist but to eonfusx.
and everywhere is pain and
struggle and labor:
Each one at last shall but yield up
his hoarded store and sink to
oblivion beneath the sod he
onco so proudly trod.
Gold, the idol of the living day.
passes, with the fading life, into
new ownership, there to find
new uses and new outlets, ac
cording to the individual bent.
The ideals and purposes of the one
time possessor are forgotten or
ignored. But one thing is cer
tain in each man's lire; that he
who lives it shall die!
Then why. I ask again, the conde
scension, the patronage, the
self-apportioned importance?
Rather should men. marching blindly
o er untried trails, clasp hands,
mingle affections, and urged ba
ttle exigency of self-preservation
Press forward, a united whole, to
ward a common end. made the
more tolerable by a cheerful,
joyous passage:
Trusting, as they may build their
faith on evidence, that the one
who gave the life-spark in the
beginning of time
Shall husband these sparks In the
groat forever awaiting, that
not one jot or tittle shall he
detracted from the immeasur
able, light eternal.
ADELIA.
Last night in my flower garden, when
all was still and white.
And the air was sweet from the flow
ers' breath, by the silvery moon
made light.
There came n my flower garden.
here softly and silently came.
A lady more fair than has ever been
teen, like a shining silver flame.
She sang a soft, sweet melody, as she
her vigil kept.
But wren she came to the larkspur
bed. she bowed her head and wept.
And as she stood there weeping, her
face turned to tho skies.
I look.Ml again, and swear I f.nv
Adclia's blue, blue eyas!
But all too soon the morning broke,
and she was there no more;
"She is gone." I said to my aching
heart. "Ttvas a dream and noth
ing more."
Y'et v er the flowers and brambles
where her slender feet had parsed
The dainty lace of her gonu had
caunlit and was lying on the
grass.
And as I passed the larkspur bed with
its flowers of heavenly Mt.e.
I saw the crystal tear drops from her
eyes of the self-same hue.
When again the evening fell and all
was calm and still.
I heard her song from a thrush's
throat, upon a neighboring hill.
I saw that she had left to me, ray
gtiulc. loving wife,
A thousand things in nature to ro-
ir.ii d me of her life.
But this was outward beauty, and the
Steatest charm of ail
Was her Gear, childlike faith in "One
who marks each sparrow's fall."
I looked into the heavens wide, and
p learning there afar,
I saw her radiant soul shine forth
from out the evening star.
JEAN SALLSBCRY.
THUT SHALL NOT PASS.
TUeso are the words the leader srvid.
Gazing across his fields of dead;
"liny -shall not pass!" the sacred
sound
Seemt d io call the dead from the
ground.
"My iisht is crushed; my left is gone;
or.iy the center can still fight on.
It must advance!" At the command
railing, risii.g, staggering on.
They did advance, tho world was won.
The Marnd'a red stream In fullness
runs,
Tl-.o thirsty earth drinks the blood of
. her sons
None feels his wounds. In rank; and
ma ss
They fall, but cry: "They shall not
paso!"
This their reward who won the ftoht:
A bed for each in the pale moonlight.
Wooden crosses and poppies strown
To show where France has laid her
own.
Close in her bosom she holds eu h
one.
Above their beads pale clouds arc
blown.
And the hushing whisper of tne
grass
Still lepeats. "They shall not pass
RAYMOND E. BAKEK
1 SIMMER.
It's almost sunset. Mary.
Come ai.'l walk with me
Along the country road.
The clouds will soon be turxiing r.tse
Against the gray-blue sky.
And tho fields of clover and green
wheat
Stretch far away toward the purple
hills.
A little gentle brezo is blowins,
tow.
And we will gather armfuls
Of wild, sweet, orange blossoms
To carry home with us.
It's almost sunset, Mary.
Come and walk with me
Along the country road.
DOROTHY HALL.
A. PLKA.
Birds of the wilderness.
Blythesome and cnmberless.
Sweet be thy matin
O'er woodland and lea.
I'n.blem of happiness.
r.le?sel be thy netting place.
Oh. to abide in the desert wi
thee! rrrD. FRANKLIN.
lb