THE SXTNDAT OKEGONIAX, PORTLAND, JULY 27, 1919.
EUROPEAN INDUSTRIES, DISORGANIZED, MENACE TO WORLD
Lack of Raw Materials, Transportation and Uncertainty of Credit Constitute a Tremendous Barrier to the Economic Rehabilitation of Impoverished Foreign Nations.
BY FRANK A. VANDERLIP.
America's foremost banker and interna
tional financier.
WHAT HAPP1SED TO ElBOPBt
I.
Paralysed Induary.
I WENT abroad to learn at first hand
something of what the war had
done to the finances of Europe. I
had gone but a short way in that in
vestigation, befere I perceived that
Ithere was something far more -fundamental
and important to investigate
than finances.
Perhaps nothing worse than national
"bankruptcy, with its attendant results
can happen to a peopl. I believe, how
fever, that something more far-reaching
and more disastrous than mere
Jbankruptcy has happened to a num
ber of European nations.
The most profoundly significant
thing that I sensed in Europe is the
disorganization and paralysis of in
dustrial production. The paralysis is
mot confined to the war zone. It ex
tends to the industries of the neutral
countries. So long as it continues,
there is danger of revolutionary de
velopment and of bolshevik tendencies.
"Wherever unrest develops into bolshe
vism, that new name for an old disease,
anarchy, there is danger of contagion,
and the disease is liable to spread to
adjacent territory.
This makes it necessary to regard
Europe as a unit in any forecast of
future conditions, for no government is
strongly enough fortified against the
inroads of this microbe of social con
tagion to permit its future to be re
garded as safe when its neighbors de
velop this type of revolution.
It is not my purpose to write any
description of the war front or any
detailed account of what has happened
to industry in the devastated districts.
I motored as the guest of the Ameri
can, French and Belgian governments,
throughout the whole battle front from
the German border to Zeebrugge. It
is idle to attempt to picture that trip
to any one who has not seen what the
desolation of war really means. There
is a scar across France and Belgium
along which devastation is complete,
villages that are just dust heaps, cities
In which not a building remains, acres
of land permanently despoiled so far
as agricultural use is concerned.
I rode for many miles along roads
which had been lined with magnificent
avenues of trees 75 or 100 years old.
These had all been felled and not be
cause the wood was needed. For over
two years they lay where the skillful
German ax and saw had put them
destroyed apparently in a frenzy of de
struction. Destruction la Wanton.
T saw broad orchards every tree in
which had been sawed off close to the
ground, and they still lay there as they
first fell in pitiful rows, although no
military engagement had taken place
in the vicinity to give semblance of a
military reason for the act. I saw
great factories in the occupied district
of Belgium that had been operating on
Oerman supplies up to a few days be
fore the armistice and which were out
side the range of active military op
erations, which were systematically
and completely destroyed, chimneys
toppled over, bombs placed in every
boiler and machinery wholly wrecked.
If I were writing a book on the war.
I would devote a chapter to telling
about the systematic destruction of in
dustry for solely commercial purposes;
how factories were selected that were
competitive to German industry and
ruthlessly destroyed, while others
which were standing near by and
which were non-competitive were
left unharmed.
In a sense, Germany has won one of
her objects. She has destroyed the in
dustry of northern France and much
of the industry of Belgium, so that
no matter how great or in what form
indemnity is secured, these industries
cannot be replaced before similar Ger
man industries, and the industries of
other countries, may have absorbed
their markets.
In picturing the devastating effect of
war on European industry, however,
one must not confine the view to the
Hindenburg line. There were great in
dustries in Poland completely de
stroyed. In east Poland there is a tract
-of land 200 miles broad and 400 miles
long where the Russian armies decided
bo to devastate the country that the
German armies could not follow them.
There the houses were of wood, and all
were burned. The Russian army en
deavored to evacuate the country of
the whole population and the popula
tion started toward Russia in advance
of the retreating Russian army. The '
retreating Russian army traveled faster j
than the refugees and marched throu&rh I
them. Then the pursuing German army j
pressed on and marched over these
people. They were left without food,
clothiner or shelter. Four hundred I
thousand starved. i
Today that great territory, the size
of Kansas, is barren and without means
of sustaining life. The industry of
"Warsaw was systematically sacked, as
was that of most cities on the eastern
front.
Bolshevism Eodl Job.
As one hoves further south the situa
tion becomes little better. Few cities
in Europe have had to endure a more
terrible fate of starvation than Prague.
In Hungary, bolshevism has done what
militarism failed to do. In Rumania, a
purely agricultural country, there were
left almost no cattle or farm ma
chinery. Both in Poland and in
Rumania not over one-third of the
fields will be planted this year.
Rumania is one of the great sources of
grain exports to other countries of
Kuropa. i.er exportation prior to the
war was 100.000.000 bushels, including
wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn and
millet.
The premier of Rumania told me that
tinder the best of crop conditions Ru
mania would be able to raise this year
only a sufficient amount of food for
her own population. Serbia was utterly
despoiled. There is choice irony in her
railroad statistics. After the armistice
there were nine locomotives in Serbia.
This horrible story of destruction,
however. I speak of only to minimize
its extent by comparison. Vast as has
been the field of destruction, these dev
astated areas are but scars on the face
of Europe, and in the main the great
intricate, complicated industrial ma
chine of Europe was stimulated and
expanded by this war which was so
truly a war of industries.
If it were possible to show the exact
percentage of the industrial life of Eu
rope which has been sacrificed with
shell, bomb and incendiary torch, it
would be seen that the destruction, vast
as it is. bears no overwhelming rela
tion to the whole.
All Europe Paralysed.
VThy, therefore, should not these in
dustries which have been unharmed be
set going at a speed they never knew
before in order to meet the insistent
demand that the illimitable needs of
Europe may be expected to create? The
fact is. that in the face of these illimit
able needs the industry of all Europe
stands paralyzed. What is it that has
laid its hand on industry and at the
moment when Industry's products are
needed as they were never before need
ed in the world has put out the fires.
turned off the power and left Industry
idle?
The answer cannot be made in a sen
tence. There is a tragic combination of
difficulties that has brought this about.
I will try to enumerate a few of these,
and let any American manufacturer try
to imagine his plant faced with such a
series of difficulties and answer if he.
too. would not have found them too
great quickly to surmount. Let us pass
by the case of these industries in the
devastated districts. Obviously, their
situation alone makes an early restora
tion of work quite out of the question.
Let us take as an example an unharmed
industrial plant in any place located In
the interior of any one of several coun
tries. We must first recollect that do
mestic transportation is broken down.
This is substantially true of all Eu
rope. It is literally true in many dis
tricts, but even where the service is
best, days and weeks are consumed in
moving freight short distances.
Then the factory must have raw ma
terials, and in most cases these materi
als must come from outside the country.
Over great regions a military embargo
still continues and raw material could
not be shipped if it could be obtained.
To obtain it, there must be arranged in
many cases ocean transportation, and
ocean tonnage is so scarce that ships
sometimes make one-half their pre-war
value out of receipts of a single round
trip.
Credit Is Solution.
But if tonnage can be secured and
military embargoes do not interfere,
there is then the difficulty of exchange
and the practical impossibility of credit.
All the continental nations are con
trolling imports with a strong hand be
cause every ton of material that is
bought outside of the country increases
the difficulties of the government in
handling the foreign exchange situa
tion. So the manufacturer must first ob
tain an import license, which is always
a tedious process and frequently a dif
ficult one. After he has permission to
import raw material he must secure the
foreign funds necessary to pay for it.
Suppose he has done all this and has
surmounted the difficulties of ocean
and land transportation; he is then
ready to start his mill. It may be. if
it is located in Italy, for example, that
he can get no coal. In any event, the
price of coal and the difficulty of get
ting it regularly, together with the dif
ficulty of transporting it in sufficient
quantities, will be a serious handcap.
Then comes the labor situation, and
although every manufacturer is sur
rounded by idleness, in few cases is his
labor market favorable. If his product
is one that requires special' skilled
labor he finds that his former labor
force has drifted away and is difficult
to replace. Always the increased cost
of living and the idea which is uni
versal that labor shall have in the fu
ture a larger share in the profits of pro
duction, makes his new wage scale
somewhere from two to three times his
pre-war scale, while all over Europe
the demand for a shorter day is adding,
at least in the opinion of many manu
facturers, to the labor cost of produc
tion. Markets Are Essential
But now suppose that the manufac
turer has surmounted all these diffi
culties and has actually started the pro
duction of his product. There then
comes the difficulty of his market. He
again faces the obstacle of broken
down transportation. If his market had
previously been in the Balkans, the
near east, or countries along the east
ern front, the transportation problem
is at present unsolvable. The difficul
ties, fiven of transportation of mail, are
unbelievably great, and bad as the mail
service is, it is frequently speedier than
the telegraph. This is no extravagant
figure of speech: it is a plain statement
of conditions that are so widespread as
to be typical.
But suppose the manufacturer has at
last produced his goods and has got in
touch with his prospective customers.
If these customers are in Spain, France,
Holland or the Scanainavian countries,
they probably have means to pay for
what they want to buy. If the custom
ers are elsewhere in Europe the credit
questions involved will be extremely
serious; and so far as Poland, Lithuania,
Rumania and the Balkan countries are
concerned, nothing but credits will com
plete the transaction. The credits asked
are not short. They are too large and
too long for any manufacturer to under
take to carry himself. They are not of
a character which permits them to be
handled as banking transactions.
And so there is going on a chaotic
scramble of the representatives of all
these small countries to create credits
in any form which will pay for goods
they so urgently need. Thus we see a
situation where the need of goods is
practically without limit, but the diffi
culties surrounding their production
and marketing are so great that up to
the present time there is a condition of
idleness unprecedented in industrial
history.
Loans Moat Be Liberal.
The picture that has been drawn of
the difficulties that manufacturers are
facing may seem to be extravagant and
overdrawn. Not all manufacturers
face all these difficulties, but the pic
ture is not extravagant or overdrawn
if taken as a general indication of the
state of industry in Europe today. The
great obstacles are the difficulties of
obtaining credits to purchase in foreign
markets, the inability to get ocean ton
nage, the breakdown of domestic trans
portation, labor unrest, and throughout
the great war area the destruction of
machinery. Machinery, raw materials
and railroad equipment are the main
things that Europe needs and must have
to restart the industrial processes. To
secure these it is necessary to obtain
in the aggregate vast foreign credits.
I believe there can be no secure peace
until the way is found to supply these
credits to all Industrial centers. It will
not do to pick out only those districts
or those industries which may seem to
offer the best security, for there will
be security nowhere as long as there
are, here and there, plague centers in
which idleness, lack of production, dis
organized, transportation, want and
hunger make a breeding ground for the
bolshevik microbe.
II.
Coal and Credit Italy's Need.
The following installment of Mr. Vander-
lip's narrative is published somewhat out of
sequence because of the pressing demands of
the coal problem in Italy to which he calls
attention. The reeular installments of his
book will be resumed next Sunday.) j
When one comes to see the impor
tance of looking at a nation in the
light of its power of self-sustenance,
he will distinguish sharply between do
mestic wealth and a national ability to
command and pay for necessities of
foreign origin.
Take Italy, for example. She is won
derfully rich in man power, moderately
well-to-do in agricultural resources,
she has partly developed her great po
tential resources of water power. She
has no good native coal, little mineral
of any kind, and none of the great
staple raw materials. She raises silk
which she unwinds from the cocoons
onto bobbins and spins into skeins,
and then, in the main, exports it to the
looms of France and Switzerland, and
formerly to Austria, to be woven.
Coal.
It is absolutely essential to her life
to import about a million tons of coal
a month, all of her cotton, much of her
wool and some of her food. She ex
ports the lovely ekeins of yellow silk;
her looms convert American cotton
with a great deal of skill into cheap
fabrics for the near east. Ehe exports
v - ... -v ' .' . '' '
olive oil and a few special food prod
ucts of small value in the aggregate,
such as macaroni, cheese and a certain
amount of wine. In the present stage
of her industrial development she has
comparatively speaking, little to ex
port and an absolutely Insistent need
for considerable imports.
For many years, therefore, Italy's
foreign trade has been out of balance.
She could not sell the world goods
equal in value to the amount of goods
she must have from the world. She
did have, however, two special and un
usual sources of annual income. To
tourists Italy has for centuries been
"the garden spot of the world." The
aggregate from the tourist business
reached very large figures In recent
years.
Emigrant Savings Reduced.
She had another Important source of
annual income, reaching indeed -in re
cent years to upwards of a hundred
million dollars, and that was the sav
ings her emigrant sons sent home. This
has been a constant and a growing
fund which yearly contributed in an
important degree toward equalizing
the international balance. For sev
eral years prior to the war, and in
spite of a deficient volume of exports.
Italy was able fully to balance her in
ternational account without making
foreign loans, through tbe aid of these
two great sources of annual income
the expenditure by tourists and the
remittance from her emigrants.
The war has wholly changed this
satisfactory position. During the war
Italy incurred foreign obligations
amounting to $3,100,000,000. the annual
interest charge of which is say, $155.-
000.000. This alone would have thrown
MILLION OF BRITISH DEAD
DEMAND HUNS' PUNISHMENT
Englishwomen. Would . Have Made No Easier Terms - in Peace Treaty,
Declares Nurse Lan yon, . .
BT EDITH E. LAVTOX.
IN CORN-WALL, July 19. Now that
the Atlantic has been crossed in 16
hours I no longer feel so far from
home.
All the recent excitement about fly
ing the Atlantic has at least taken
our minds off tne tedious delay about
th peace terms. Had English women
dictated those terms they would cer
tainly have been no easier. A million
British dead lie far from home be
cause of German wTongdoing and
brutality. We wish to give Germany
justice, but not too much mercy until
she shows some glimmering of repent
ance. Justice permits punshment for crime
and cruelty proved. I. for one. would
not admit the alteration by so much
as a comma or the dot of an "1" to the
terms drawn up by the great nations
after their long confabulations to
gether. -
Even the poor beach looked the
worse for wear after the Whit sun boll
day makers.
The sea is an excellent housekeeper
and washes the beach all over twice a
day, but even now flotsam and Jetsam
in the shape of orange peel and
pieces of glass bottles lie as a rim of
rubbish thrown up above high-water
mark.
There are times when humans are
not very lovable.
I dislike people who spoil the beauty
spots of tbe world for other peopU
Never eL ha a lanuscapt been lm
V5: n
her international account severely, out
of balance and would have been ex
tremely serious because she has no way
by which it is feasible promptly to in
crease her exports. But the incurring
of the foreign obligation with its an
nual interest requirements is only a
part of her present difficulties. The
embargo on travel all through the war
and a certain continuance of that em
uargo for a further year or two
costs Italy in her international account
not less than $200,000,000 a year, while
her other source of annual income, the
remittance from emigrants, has neces
sarily been greatly curtailed because
of the return to the colors of a great
number of her industrious sons. These
emigrant remittances have continued
in remarkable volume, but still there
Is a deficiency there from pre-war fig
ures that is important in view of the
extreme need for something to counter
balance the absolutely necessary pay
ments that Italy must make abroad.
Two of her important exports, raw
silk and cheap manufactured cotton
goods, have had their market seriously
interfered with. The markets for the
raw silk were France, Austria. Ger
many and Switzerland. The market In
the central powers was wholly cut off
and in France badly disorganized.
Silk Induatry Important.
The raising of the cocoon Is an es
sential part of the agricultural indus
try of Italy. The cocoons are sold to
the silk mills In June and throughout
the rest of the year the mills are busy
winding the half mile or more of fiber
that each cocoon is said to contain into
yellow skeins of raw silk that in the
main go to foreign looms to be dyed
and woven. The cocoons are paid for
proved by the addition of greasy sand
wich papers and banana skins.
m m m
We had a picnic down on the beach
a few days ago. We sat in one of Nep
tune's private grottoes beside a string
of charmingly decorated little pools.
They were furnished with lively little
crabs and darting tan-colored shrimps
who have never a blush until they
are boiled. With appetites sharpened
by the Atlantic breezes we made away
with Cornish pasties and luscious apri
cot tarts with dabs of clotted cream
on top. I could write an ode to a
Cornish pasty!
Luxury foods are still enough of a
novelty to us to bear talking about.
lou in Portland, who have never
been without can afford to be superior
and talk of higher things. A thirsty
little dog. evidently a visitor to the sea
shore, viewed one of the grotto pools
and stopped to take a drink. His face
of disgust at finding the refreshing
looking drink was aalty was really a
study. He tried each pool hopefully
and then gave up In despair. We felt
bound to give him some drinking water
In one of our cups, lest he shourld go
away with a bad impression of the Cor
nish sea coast.
A youthful officer caught a wee
crab and interned it in his cigarette
case. I sadly fear that little crab's
happiest days are over and that his
next debut in society will be on the
end of a fishhook for bait.
I was in a shop the other day when
a very smart young demobilized officer
came In to purchase some "civies.
After four years of harsh, fighting
khaki he had evidently decided to go in
for sometbing frivolous and aa un-wnir-like
as possible. He put his
.1
V
V
by the silk mills In June. The mills
in turn receive their payment for the
raw silk month by month throughout
the year. Here was where the fluc
tuation in exchange made a serious dif
ficulty. The silk mills having paid
for the cocoons a definite amount of
lire found when they came to dispose
of the raw silk some months later that
the currencies were so depreciated that
the raw silk could not be sold for
enough to reimburse them for what
they had paid for their cocoons.
In this trying situation the govern
ment came to the rescue and made i
fixed price at which It would buy raw
silk. It was forced to do this; other
wise the silk mills. In he face of
wildly fluctuating exchange market.
would have had no secure ground to
stand upon In buying the next crop of
cocoons snd the whole silk-raising in
dustry would have become disorganised
in the very seat of production, th
peasant homestead. Under the work
ing of this arrangement the Italian
government has' accumulated $75,000,
000 worth of raw silk and has created
a situation in the silk market which is
perhaps economically unsound, but hu
manly necessary. At least it was neces
sary in some way to keep the industry
of Bilk production alive. The difficul
ties of the situation were so great that
without government intervention the
silk mills would not have taken the
risk of purchasing a year's crop of co
coons with the hazards of a disorgan
ized market and wildly fluctuating ex
change rate throughout the year dur
ing which they must dispose of the
spun silk.
In recent years there has been de
veloned In northern Italy, particularly
at Turin. Milan and Genoa, a number
whole soul Into choosing a delicate
baby-blue satin tie and then got Boston
garters to match. I did not stay to note
the rest of his purchases. He wore the
ilons ribbon.
e e
The County Agricultural show h
been the excitement of the week. The
Prince of Wales, who Is the Duke or
Cornwall, came down to It. He seems
exceedingly popular with all classes.
I did not go myself, as I thought there
would be too many hayseeds about, so
went and had an inoculation instead.
(I -mean real hayseeds, not the slang
Kind.)
e . e
The girl who delivers our milk has
curiously golden hair. She Is not
peroxide blonde, but got her hair
bleached free of charge by the T. N. T.
when she worked on munitiona To one
who knows, her hair has a beauty all
Its own.
e
Peace clothes are rather remarkable.
They are probably scanty because cloth
is scarce. The obvious summer girl
favors a clinging woolen Jumper which
reveals rather than conceals her form,
and a very short skirt. As someone re
marked: "A mixture of Lady Godiva
and the London Scottish. The colors
of these garments are very bright, no
doubt because we expect them to fade.
I myself have an emurald green hat
with a vivid pink rose on one side. I
chose It because it Is as unlike my week
nurse's uniform hat as 1t can possibly
be and still remain a hat. I know ex
actly how the pale-blue-tie man felt.
I saw a peculiar hst the other day.
It was a plain aailor trimmed with a
ribbon band and right In the front,
unon the brim, perched a little ship a
child's toy ship in full sail. I should
say the wearer had leanings toward the
navy.
see
I have collected one or two Interest
ing local superstitions. One is that
pilchards must always be eaten from
the tails towards the head. Eating
them heads downward is a grievous
sin "sure to turn the hesds of the fish
away from the coasts.1 say the fisher
men. Pilchards are a small herring.
of great, efficient industrial organiza
tions The story of one of theae Is as
splendid a romance of industrialism as
will be found anywhere. There was
one man In the industrial life of Italy
" resistea the "peaceful penetration
of German capital. He had large in
dustrial works in Genoa. There was
ingrained in htm a distrust of tbe Teu
ton, and as German capital penetrated
to other Industries he not only resisted
any advance made by that capital for
an Interest In his business but he in
stilled into his two sons what .- m
almost a religion of chauvinism so far
as this great establishment was con
cerned. When the father died the two sons,
with a touch of Italian romanticism,
stood at the bier and made a stern
compact one with the other that they
would never admit Gtrman capital into
their great industrial inheritance. In
theae two men there certainly must
have been some of the blood of the
Caesars, for they had an audacity, an
Imagination, a vision for great ac
complishment such as the men mho
ruled early Rome must have had.
Theirs was the one great Industry In
Genoa. The whole was known as the
Anaaldo company, and It had great and
varied industrial capacity. running
through shipbuilding, the making of
turbines, the construction of locomo
tives and the building of electrical ma
chinery. With Italy's entrance Into the "war
these two men had the imagination to
realise that the great war was a war
of Industrial capacity. A speech which
Kaiser Wilhelm made in which he told
his own people that the war would be
won In the workshops of Germany
brought to them a revelation regard
ing the character of the war. Their
clear-eyed view of German national
characteristics, their hatred of German
domination, made them see, as few
men in Italy saw. what the struggle
meant to Italy and what means must
bo employed it Italy was not to be van
quished. factory Saves Italy.
They offered at once to turn their es
tablishment Into the making or large
guns for the army. Perhaps, as they
believed, there was German influence
still in seats of power in the Italian
government. Perhaps there was only
a lnck of vision, but In any event they
got no orders for guns. Lack of or
ders, however, did not daunt them.
They believed they could see more
clearly than the government saw. They
secured from Italy's allies the designs
of the most efficient French guns and
without a single order from the gov
ernment and in the very first days of
the war they started to convert their
plant Into an ordnance establishment.
Before they received an order for a
single gun they had completed 000
pieces of ordnance. Then came the
Caperetto disaster. And not until that
awful defeat did the Italian govern
ment turn to them with cries for guns.
when the first order was placed, the
officials were confounded on being told
that the guna were ready for Immediate
delivery. These 2000 guns were at once
put in the field to take the place of
the vast losses which the Italian army
lad sustained, and performed a feat.
in stopping the advance of the Aus
trian the value uf which can hardly
be measured. The Anraldo company
could now get orders, but through some
Influence, or perhaps only througn
financial Inability, they could not get
pay. The orders were unceasing. The
pay continued elusive. The great
works, however, were operated to their
utmost capacity, and performed a feat
hat those in America will marvel at.
snd upon the size of the catch depends
the living or tne iisnermen. i"i
the fishermen have been away in the
navy these last four years, catching
mines and submarines instead of
pilchards, their biggest catch being tne
whole German fleet. An ancient Cor
nish custom was to -wassaile" the
apple trees, making libation to Pomona
to insure a good crop of apples. Cider
containing roasted apples was poured
at the foot of each tree on Twelfth-
night eve.
The old custom has been aoanaonea
In these enlightened days of Wesleyan
Methodists, but the apple crop has been
very poor of late years.
Flint arrow heads pickea up tn tne
fields were supposed to be caused by
thunder and had supernatural powers.
I well remember my oldrCornish nurse
telling me one wss a thunderbolt.)
Steeped in water they made a healing
drink particularly good for rheuma
tism. This summer we have had a record
run of fine weather 40 days without
rain but the average kind of Cornish
weather can rival that of Portland, for
the old verse runs:
The south wind always brlnaw wet weather.
The north wind wet and cold together.
The west wind alwaya brlnss us rain.
During the last few years many ships
were torpedoed off these shores by
German submarines. A house over
looking the cliff was occupied by
women of German nationality, suspect
ed by their neighbors of being there
for no good purpose.
One day a British ship was torpedoed
out at sea and some 40 of the surviv
ors were brought in half dead with
cold, hunger and exposure. A sym
pathetic crowd gathered at the harbor
to watch them coming ashore. The
aliens were standing there, too. and.
safe, as she thought. In the knowledge
that no one could understand her. a
German woman said to another in her
own language: 'Good enough for theae
pig-dogs of Englishmen." Unfortu
nately for her a woman In the crowd
understood German and Immediately
reported her kind speech to the police.
Public opinion was so strong that the
aliens were ordered to move inland.
It was, perhaps, only a curious coin
cidence that after their departure no
more ships were torpedoed off this
coast.
Our chivalrous government always
seemed to consider that German women,
at least, must be harmless.
Peace times In the army seem to be
uncommonly dull. They all aay tbe
same thing.
Styles Change in Roumania
for First Time.
Robbed of Rich Embroidered Coats,
Mea Are Clad to Oet Aaaerlrsua
Bath Robe.
TUCHAREST. June 18. (By MalL)
I 1 For the first time since Roumania,
as the ancient Roman province of Dacta,
adopted the short white skirt of the
Roman leglonairea aa her especial cos
tume, the men of Rumania have
changed their sty'.e of wearing ap
parel.
The ancient costume since the time
of the Romans has been a short white
tunic, supplemented with thick white
wool "bag-trousers." and a heavy
nadded coat whose lines of rich em
broidery exactly follow the lines of the
old Roman body armor.
The German-Bulgar-Turk looters car
rled away as many of the embroidered
garments as they could find. The cloth
ing brought from France by the Ameri
can Red Cross has taken tbe place of
tbe stolen roods.
Hospital garments of all kinds, bath
robes, pajamas, hospital jackets, are
being worn by the men in the villages
in place of their historic national cos
tume. A gray woolen hospital oatn
robe may not be as picturesque as an
who know br experience the difficul
ties of ordnance production.
Works that employed 100.000 men
"ere created and 10.000 guns were put
:n the field. At one time the Italian
government owed the Ansaldo organi
sation T00.000.ono lire.
The matter of finanei.tj? nrunViti
required genius, daring and substantia
strength. The capital of the company
was increased to 500.000.000 lire and the
public generously subscribed to th
stock. A great combination cf basks
was created In order that the organi
sation might control and be aided by
a bank of great financial strength.
Material Ample.
In a struggle balanced to such a
nicety as was the great war. when
Paris and perhaps the whole causa
was saved hy the opportune arrival nf
a handful of Americans at Chateau
Thierry, it can be Justly said of each
of many factors that the war could not
t5en without this or that
particular contribution. In that sense
it seems to me It can truly be said that
without the contribution of the Per
ron! Brothers and of their
organization of 100.000 men that they
.-..... u'ntinrr in tne Ansaldo works
the great war could not have been won.
For Italy's cause would have h. lw.
end with that loss might have coma the
downfall of the t;reat cause. But now
wht of the future of this and other
great industrial establishments that
the war developed tn Italy?
In many ways Italy struck rae as
belr.g richer in hu nan material than
tny other European country that 1
visited. These northern Italians aeem
to have a genius for Industrial organ
isation. One of the great Industrial
plants of the world is the Fist wo-ks
at Turin; and there are a goodly num
ber of well-plannvd. well-equipped In
dustrial establishments In northern
Italy that have at hand an efficient.
skilled and more than ample labor sup
ply. Hut they must have coal and to
get that must somehow, snd at once,
have the power to par either tn goods
or in dollars or pounds sterling. It Is
rot a matter of the individual credit of
these industries. It is not at all a
question vf tbe domestic wealth of
these concerns. It is a question of
Italian national position with respect
to the international exchanges.
Italy as a national unit must be able
to sell to the world a sufficient amount
of her own products to pay for the
coal, and the cotton, the wool, the
petroleum products, the rubber, and the
other rsw materials which she must
have. If for the time being she can
rot do that, and cannot make up the
balance from emigrants' remittances
and tourists' expenditures, she must
have credits or her industries must in
part close down. It all amounts to the
inevitable losric of two plus two. There
Is no getting away from the new fun
damental factors that are involved in
International trade. To buy anything
abroad Italy must sell her own prod
ucts cr make loans to counteract the
lack of balance. If she cannot make
these loans, things essential to her in
dustrial life cannot be Imported. Her
industrial life must halt, production
cease, workmen stand in Idleness and
face want But that usually spells
whether the hungry man Is an Italisn.
a Russian, an Elngllsh.-nan. or God
forbid, an American, the result is apt
to be the samel, revolutionary out
breaks, a disorganization of the social
order, industrial chaos.
(Copyrighted. 1919. by th MacMlllan Ce
(Another article by Mr. Vanderlip in
his series "What Happened to Europe"
will appear next Sunday.)
embroidered tunic, but. judging by the
pleased look on the faces of the peas
ants as they leave the American Red
Cross distributing station, the substi
tute garment is giving perfect satisfac
tion. PRINTERS ARE IN DEMAND
Men of Past Experience and Con
siderable Education Called For.
NEW YORK. July S6. Information
that there is a shortage of men in the
printing and publishing Industries and
that there are exceptionally good op
portunities for the employment of dis
charged soldiers and sailors in that
field has been received at the office
here of Colonel Arthur Woods, assist
ant secretary of war. The announce
ment adds thst there is room in the
printing industry not only for appren
tices, but for men of past experience
and considerable education.
Denver and other places in Colo
rado are said to be short of printers,
and, according to the announcement.
similar reports have been received from
Iowa and from other states all over
the country.
FRECKLE-FACE
Sun snd Wind Bring Ont Ugly Spots.
How to Remove Easily.
Here's a chance. Miss Freckleface.
to try a remedy for freckles with the
guarantee of a reliable concern that It
will not cost you a penny unless it
removes the freckles; while If it does
give you a clear complexion the ex
pense Is trifling.
Simply get an ounce of Othlne dou
ble strength from any druggist and a
few applications should show you how
easy It Is to rid yourself of the homely
freckles and get a beautiful com
plexion. Rarely is more than one ounce
needed for the worst case.
Be sure to ask the druggist for the
double strength Othlne as this strength
Is sold under guarantee of money back
If it falls to remove freckles. Adv.
Miss Louise Popp
Tells How Cuticura
Healed Pimples
'On rooming I woke tap and my
id was full of little red pimples.
Than my back was affected.
At first nothing but water
came out of them, bat a boat
s week or two later they
started to itch and bite, and
I picked them, and corrup
tion came out. They would
not let ma sleep, and my hair be
came very dry.
"I read about Cuticura Soap and
Ointment and I bought them, and h
took one cake of Cuticura Soap and
not one boa of Cuticura Ointment to
heal tne. (Signed) Mies Louise
M. Popp. 3551 S. State el., CkJr
Lake City. Utah.
One dear, keep your skin heahSly
and clear by using Cuticura Soap
and Ointment for every -day toilet
purposes and Cuticura Talcum to
powder and perfume.
Swsa Oi-tiiisii 2S aad SO. Talcws
2tc Suid throus-nout the world. For
sample each free address: "Calscism I mm
Dm M. Miita. Mass."