13
THE SUNDAY OREGOMAX. PORTLAND, JANUARY 26, 1919.
AMERICANS FIGHTING ON ARCHANGEL FRONT
ARE WELL PROVIDED WITH ALL COMFORTS
Red Cross Ships Great Quantities of Clothing, Food and Other Necessities for Use of 6000 Yanks Now Battling
Bolsheviki in Frozen North.
AMERICAN RED CROSS MISSION
AT AMERICAN ARMY
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AMERICAH NORTH RUSSIA
EXPEDITIONARY
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1 Group of Buildings Operated by American Expedlatlonary Forces at Arch
angel. The Large Building- In Foreground, Formerly a Monastery, la Vow the
American Red Cross Hospital. 2 The American Red Cross Mission to Arch
angel. Captain D. O. Lively, Formerly of Portland, Is the Fourth Figure From
the Left. Standing; Lieutenant K. W. Hallovrell, of the Red Cross. Formerly
Los Angeles Preacher, at the Gate of American Army Headquarters. Lieu
tenant Hallowell's Costume Gives an Idea of the 'Warmth of Clothing Neces
sary In the Archangel Climate.
UP under the rim of the Arctic circle
in the Archangel district of Rus
sia about 6000 American soldiers,
part of the allied forces that are now
helping to restore order in that dis
turbed part of the world, have adapted
themselves to the strange conditions
of that country with the same facility
with which. Yankee fighting men have
made themselves at home in France,
England. Italy and other foreign coun
tries during the last year. Letters
reaching America recently emphasize
this interesting fact.
This ability to readjust themselves
rapidly to any sort of conditions or cli
mate or people has been one of the re
markable things about America's sol
diers. English. French and Italian
army officers have marveled at it.
American Army officers never tire talk
ing about it. The doughboys them
selves never give this angle of the job
a thought. All countries look alike to
them so long as there is work to be
done. As one of the boys in Arch
angel explains it:
"America started out to do some
pinch hitting for the world. Until the
game is over we're going to i-lick, no
matter how many extra innings are
necessary."
Anarchy Is Fought.
As everyone knows, the American
and allied soldiers wore sent to North
Russia several months ago, the chief
purpose of the expedition being to pro
vide the nucleus of an army around
which those Russian soldiers and civil
ians opposed to German domination
could rally, a secondary reason being
the desire to head off the anarchy that
was sweeping other parts of the coun
try. All reports from Arciagel Indi
cate that the allied forces are in com
TO ARCHANGEL WITH FORMER
HEADQUARTERS AMID SNOWS
plete control of the situation. These
same reports say the soldiers are thor
oughly enjoying the job, which natur
ally leads to the conclusion that they
must be fairly comfortable.
That such is the case is easier to be
lieve when one knows of the extensive
preparations made'ahead by the Amer
ican and allied governments and the
American Red Cross, to the end that
the soldiers shall lack nothing in the
way of food, entertainment, medical at
tendance, suitable clothing and other
comforts during their stay in Russia.
To the majority or persons mere men
tion of Russia brings up pictures of
blizzard, ice-bound huts, dreary wastes,
frozen populations, destitution and all
that sort of thing. Some persons fa
miliar with history recall what a Rus
sian Winter did to Napoleon's army and
say the disaster that met his valiant
forces proved that no one but natives
can stand the rigors of the near-Arctic
climate.
Weather Is Cold.
No attempt will be made here to pic
ture Archangel as a Summer resort at
this time of the year. All the evidence
at hand indicates that it is cold
enough up there for four or five months
to suit the most enthusiastic fresh-air
advocate. One does not need an elec
tric fan to keep cool in Archangel
right now. But allowing for the ex
treme severity of the Winters up that
way. there isn't one chance in a thou
sand of General John J. Frost break
ing through the line of solid comforts
that have been thrown about the Amer
ican boys and their allied comrades.
Fortified as they are with abundant
provisions, reserve stocks of y'warm
clothing and supplies of every -kind.
PORTLAND MAN AND SCENES
OF NORTH RUSSIA.
they are prepared to give that doughty
old warrior the laugh.
If the shades of those soldiers of
Napoleon's army who perished on the
historical retreat from Moscow are still
in Russia they must be amazed at the
extensivenesK' of the arrangements that
have been made to safeguard the al
lied fighting men 'now in that country.
Long before the soldiers reached
Russia the allied governments had com
pleted arrangements for their arrival,
the experience of four years of caring
for vast forces of men under all sorts
of conditions, added to the expert
knowledge of military men familiar
with, the requirements of a Russian
campaign, making it possible to pro
vide for every conceivable contingency.
Directly in the wake of the soldiers
and supplementing the efforts, of the
allied governments In their behalf fol
lowed the American Red Cross1 with re
serve stocks of foods and supplies and
the comforts that fighting men have
come to expect from the Red Cross.
Two shiploads of supplies of all sorts
provided by the American Red Cross
reached Archangel late In September,
one vessel, the Ascutney. which left
America, carrying 4600 tons of food,
drugs, soap and' miscellaneous articles,
the other a British transport, loaded
in London, having on board 200 addi
tional tons of supplies. Not satisfied
with providing this amount of rein
forcement, the- American Red Cross
continued to transfer supplies from
London to Archangel, allied war ves
sels keeping .the harbor at that point
open for the supply of ships to enter.
The building up of the reserve supply
stocks has been discontinued, officers
in charge of the expeditionary force
having expressed the .opinion that
every possible emergency has been pro
vided for.
Many Comforts .Sent.
The cargo carried by the Ascutney
was valued at $1, 020, 038. A glance at
the immense quantity and the wide va
riety of foodstuffs on the list will make
it clear that the American boys are
not going to lack proper nourishment
this winter. Some of the items in the
Red Cross cargo follow:
Sugar, 930,001) pounds: chocolate, 84,
000 pounds; cocoa, 81,000 pounds; bar
ley, 168,000 pounds: dehydrated eggs,
400.000 pounds; corn meal. 110.000
pounds: lard. 200.000 pounds; condensed
milk, approximately 3,900,000 pounds;
oatmeal, 117,000 pounds, rice 204.000
pounds; dried vegetables. 42,000 pounds.
That modest little menu looks as if
the Yankee soldiers were not going to
have any difficulty keeping the Russian
wolves away from the barracks. Look
ing it over carefully, one gets the idea
the boys will be able to call for a sec
ond helping. Additional foodstuffs that
were shipped from 'Great Britain In
cluded 20.000 pounds of dried fruits.
4000 pounds of milk chocolate. 2000
pounds of powdered milk. 2000 pounds
of sweetened chocolate for cooking. 200
cases of canned fruit and 500 pounds of
cocoa. After stowing away all that
food the soldiers should have no diffi
culty in keeping warm. But the Amer
ican Red Cross, deciding to be on the
safe side, sent along the following ar
ticles: Blankets, 2000: sweaters. 5000; wrist
lets, 5000: mufflers, 3000; mittens, 3000;
helmets, 5000.
Amusement Is Provided.
Other items on the list were wash
cloths, safety razors, tooth paste, tooth
brushes, tobacco, soap and shaving
brushes. At this juncture someone puts'
the question: But how are they ever
going to get through the bitter cold
days and long nights without any
amusement? The following items on
the list provides the answer:
Playing cards, accordions, ukeleless
mandolins, jewsharps, phouoaraphs.
ammeras, skates, snowshoes. footballs,
hockey outfits, indoor baseballs, moving
picture outfits, boxing gloves, games of
all kinds, books, candy, wigs, whiskers,
grease paints, Bibles.
One can see at a glance that those
husky American youngsters are going to
have an awful time getting through
this Winter. More than likely those
boys are feeling sorry for the folks
back home. The home service branch
of the Red Cross will enable them to
keep in touch with their families over
here. But they will not be dependont
upon letters from home as to what Is
going on in their native land. The Red
Cross, In co-operation with one of the
big news-gathering associations, la
providing American soldiers in Arch
angel with the Sentinel, a weekly news
paper dealing with the happenings in
the United States.
A letter from one of the American
soldiers In Archangel has recently
reached his family in Portland. Brief
and to the point, confirming other fa
vorable reports along the same line,
the message says:
. "Ail O. K. Plenty to eat. sleep. Have
had plenty of shell and all the rest for
the short time. Men behave wonder
fully." considering."
Meijor C T. VTIlllams. of Baltimore,
is tread of the American J i - I Cross mis
sion in Archangel. Major Klrkpatrlek.
recently attached to the Army Medical
Corps, is looking after the medical end
of the vork Other members of the
mission are: Captain R. C Barr. Cap
tain D. O. Lively, formerly of Portland;
Lieutenants W. H. Dudley, N. R. Clif
ton. H. M. Wyckoffs. J. A". Stallnski. R.
L. Lewis. H. .C. Htbbard, Mrs. Aurora
B. Merriman. Miss Beatrice N. Uosltng
and Miss Alma E. Foerster.
So abundant ere the supplies car
ried' to Archangel by the Red Cross
that a relief r i ; was sent from that
port to isolated parts of the district
with supplies for the needy civilians.
In addition to this food distribution the
Red Cross is providing lunches for
220O Archangel school children every
day.
All of which proves there is no scar
city of food in Archangel.
Experiences of Ninty-first
Division Related.
Vann T. FcrKDton Writes Bla
Mother .of Argonne Fighting.
EXPERIENCES of the 91st Division
in the Argonne forest and in Bel
gium are detailed by Vance T. Fergu
son, former Portland Academy. Stan
ford University and Oregon Agricul
tural College student. In a letter to
his mother, Mrs. E. Z. Ferguson, who
lives at the Portland Hotel. Young
Fergusqn now is with the 316th Ambu
lance Company of the 316th Sanitary
Train. He writes:
"From St. Nazalrc. which was a lux
ury, we entrained in French bo::cars
which, by the way. are more comfort
able than the coaches. At Nugent, a
very ancient -place, wc lived In an aban
doned meat market.
"After being held in reserve at St.
Mlhlel we went into the Argonne for
est. We were in It ten days and got
all the action you'd expect air raids,
plenty of shell fire and quite a few
casualties. The roads were in bad con
dition and with traffic congested it was
hard to take the wounded to the field
hospitals. t
"We had a short rest at Revigny.
partly destroyed by shell fire. It had
been occupied by Hermans a week pre
vious. The Germans shelled it again
the night after we took possession, do
ing considerable damage.
"We have been marching on Into
Belgium through many towns, Staden.
Roulers and Iseghetn, where we are
located now.
"Our ambulances were sent to Ade
narde rather early. When the Ger
mans bombarded the city we were
forced to take the wounded to the
city hall, which was built In 1300. It
was hit a number of times while we
were there, but little damage was
done as the walls are o thick."
University Boy Attends Wil
son on Visit to London.
Ralph K. Hum Meets Many Oregon
Students un Wny to France.
TTNIVERS1TY OF OREGON. Eugene.
VJ Jan. 25. Ralph E. Hum, of
Klamath Falls, a student at the Uni
versity of Oregon in 1916, was a mem
ber of the guard of honor which at
tended President Wilson on the occa
sion of his recent visit to London.
Hum writes to Karl W. Onthank.
secretary to President Campbell, that
In performing his duties in the sani
tary troop train of the 162d Infantry he
had been stationed In the chief sur
geon's office at London since December
1. "I don't know," he stated, "how long
it is going to continue. I have a terri
ble longing to get back to God's coun
try in white man's clothes again. We
may go to Paris or to Washington, D.
C from here, but I am pulling for the
latter.
"Have seen quite a few U. of O. boys
over here. Dean Seabrook. ex. -'19. is
In Winchester. He married an English
girl In Southampton. A fellow named
Nichol. a Phi Gamma Delta. Is a ser
geant in the quartermaster's corps here
with me. Jack Dolph passed through
Southampton when I was there. He Is
a Second Lieutenant in the quarter
master's corps. I saw the following
men on their way to France: Fred
Kiddle, Rob Earle, Sandy Leonard. Mike
Harris. Charlie Johns. Rodney Smith,
Bob Kuykendall and Keith Kiggins.
"I got a copy of the November 9
Oregon Overseas Bulletin and I surely
did appreciate it. You can't imagine
how much real news there was In it
'or me."
COLLEGE MEN ARE KILLED
Waba&h College Pays Tribute to"
Heroes of War.
CRAWFORDSVILLE. Ind. Memorial
services in honor of Wabash College
men who have been killed or have died
In the world war were held here at the
chapel exrclss of the Institution.
In speaking of the part Wabash men
took in the conflict. Dr. George L.
Mackintosh, the president, said that no
fewer than 600 Wabash men. and per
haps as many as 700, were in the serv
ice. The college authorities have en
deavored to compile a list of Wabash
men In the service, but they feel cer
tain many enlisted whose names have
not yet been reported.
Dr.- Mackintosh recalled In his ad
dress that Immediately after the dec
laration of a state of war 86 Wabash
men entered the first officers' training
camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison. In
dianapolis, and of these 83 obtained
commissions at the close of the camp.
At' the close of his address, all of the
college men present, arose and stood for
one minute with bowed heads In silent
commemoration of the men for whom
the service was held. The college rec
ords show that 11 Wabash men have
made the supremo sacrifice. They are:
Marshall Kerns, died in training at
Camp Douglas. Arizona, where he was
In the cavalry: Conwell Carson, died at
Camp Sherman. Chilllcothe. O.. from In
fluenza: William Settles, died while In
the service at Camp Shelby. Hattles
burg. Mis.: Orlando L Foster, killed In
action In France; Captain Ray P. Har
rison, of the Regular Army, killed in
action In France in July, 1918: David D.
Sloan, killed In action in France. July.
30. of last year: Harold S. Watson,
killed in an airplane accident In France
while on active duty In October: Osrlc
Watkins. an Indianapolis biy. who was
an aviator in France, died from pneu
monia; James Wilson, marine, also an
Indianapolis boy. killed In action No
vember 1: Captain Earnest R. War
brltton. Company K. 334th Infantry, of
the 84th division, died from pneumonia
In October in England shortly after hia
arrival abroad, and Russell Pickett,
whose death occurred at the Great
Lakes naval training station, from Influenza.
BY ALBERT R. SWEETSER.
Protestor or Botany in the Uuiveraity of
Oregon.
UNIVERSITY OK OREGON. Eugene.
Jan. 23. (Special.! The nature
lover in his wanderings afield and
through the woods may have his atten
tion drawn by the "Mighty Old Oak
Tree." or the stripling grub oak. as yet
hardly more than an under shrub. Be
reft of leaves, save a few dried and
crumpled mummies. which. though
lifeless and functioaless. still hold
tenaciously on. trunk and branches are
evidence that they live not to them
selves only, hut are convenient hosts
for preying parasite or harmless plant
dwellers.
The surrounding carpet of - wild
flower and weed testifies that former
leaf generations have not died to them
selves alone, but have helped to com
plete than ever-continuing cycle, that
merry-go-round, which we call life.
Conservation ,ot. energy, now as Ji--.it.
then as steam, later as electricity this
is well understood but conservation
of matter is Just as much a fact. Plant
"and animal, dominated' hyrfal mysteri
ous essence which we Vajl life, ward
off. more or less successfully, 'various
threatening parasites, but when life
slips away tbone tiny benefactors, the
bacteria, tear down the edifice and
restore It to the dust as it was. furnish
ing matter for succeeding generations.
Mistletoe Most Striking.
Perhaps the most striking or all the
members of the oak-tree colony is the
semt-parasltic mistletoe. Figure 1.
The green chlorophyl of Its leaves en
ables eit to live a partly Independent
life, but its root-like suckers, piercing
the bark, spread out through the deli-catc-living
tissue, the cambium. Just
beneath, and imhib . some of its nour
ishment therefrom.
Here and there are groups of green
leaf-like plants, with prominent ribs,
presenting much the appearance of
tripe and bearing on the surface nu
merous red cups, figure 2. This is
the Lungwort lichen or sticta, once
looked upon as a lung remedy. Here
and there are other lichens, some so
Y. M. C. A. Secretary Meets
Portland Boys Overseas.
"Onward. Christian Soldiers," Sung
at Dock, on Arrival In France,
Writes John G. Kllpnrk.
MRS. JOHN G. KILPACK, of this
city, recently received several let
ters from her husband, who Is a secre
tary attached to Y. M. C. A. activities
in the war sonc in Europe. Mr. Kilpack
was formerly attendance investigator.
School District No. 1, this city, and was
a well-known singer and soccer player.
In his letters Mr. Kilpack mentions
having met several Portland men,
among them being, in England, Laird,
of Jefferson High School, whose parents
live in the Alberta district, also Smith,
a Lents boy :in arrMs. France, Merrill
Moores. Vernon Cooke and James
Mackie: at Havre. France. Klees. for
merly with Woodard. Clarke & Co.. and
Farley.
In a letter from France Mr. Kilpack
writes: "When we arrived we stood
at the dock and sang 'Onward. Christian
Soldiers.' An English Tommy led us in
prayer, and he fold us afterward he
MaS H OapLISL IIIII1IOIC1 IIU1II V.AIUII1,
Wales."
Prom Paris: "Paris is a great cltta,
but It is difficult to find your way
around. The streets are crooked, like
those of Boston. I have found my sis
ter, through the help of my French
aunt. The country scenes of France
are beauttiful."
REPORTER FACES MYSTERY
Tangle Surrounding Soldier and
Relatives Difficult.
ST. PAUL. Mystery upon mystery
and wheels within wheels, until a Sher
lock Holmes would be the most accep
table gift which could be given to the
Dispatch reporter who has been as
signed to unravel a much-involved tale.
It all has to- do with the Kauffmans.
one named Louis and one named John,
a mysterious man from Minneapolis
who talked over a telephone to Mrs.
E. M. Kauffman. rCSouth Smith ave
nue, about the illness of .a man sup
posed to be her son. in some Southern
Army training camp, and a man who
called on Mrs. Kauffman yesterday with
more information and whose name she
forgot to get.
If the man that talked with Mrs.
Kauffman yesterday will only call up
the Dispatch reporter, the beginning
of the end may be In sight and every
one mixed up In the story may get
somewhere.
It goes thus:
On Friday Mrs. Kauffman was called
Zcorcf Jh5r
closely applied to the bark as to change
Its aspect and appear as part of the
tree. while others hang In long
streamers as if a woo'd satyr had run
amuck the branches and left behind
some of his gray hair, figure 3.
The curious plants are composite in
their make up. consisting of fungal
threads surrounding multitudious tiny
green algae with which they live in
symbiotic relations, and the cups con
taining numerous sacks each with its
eight reproductive bodies or spores.
They use the tree simply as an abiding
on the telephone by a man who said he
was talking from Minneapolis and who
informed her that he had just been
talking to a soldier from a Southern
Army campm who told him that a Louis
Kauffman from St. Paul was 111 and
delirious there and calling ror his
mother, who lived on South Smith ave
nue, and his sister Llllle.
Mrs. Kauffman has a son John, in
service, with Company C, 315th En
gineers, but he was in France when
heard fro mrecently. so she didn't
bother to get particulars.
It was only when she got to worry
ing over the matter thta she took up
the matter with the Red Cross, which
ascertained to its satisfaction that
John Kauffman has not yet been landed
in America.
Yesterday a man who said he was
the brother-in-law of Louis Kauffman,
St. Paul, and whose name she foiled to
get. called on Mrs. Kauffman with this
story:
He said ho was a returned soldier
who had been reported dead, but was
very much alive, that he was married
to a Lillian Kauffman and that his
mother-ln-ln-law lived with them, some
where near Fort Snelllng.
He also said that his brother-in-law.
Louis Kauffman. was in service, and
had been reported killed in action in
September, and that his Insurance had
already been collected from the Pru
dential Insurance Company by the
mother.
Now this man has a hunch that per
haps Louis Kauffman. like himself, may
not be dead and that he may be 111 and
delirious somewhere in the East, un
known to Army officers or his relatives
here.
To ascertain actual facts this man
told Mrs. Kauffman that he was going
to cable direct to General Pershing,
who is never too busy to render assist
ance of that sort, and expects to hear
from him soon as to whether Louis
Kauffman is dead or alive.
In the meantime, if he will also tel
ephone to the Dispatch reporter, insom
nia for the reporter will be averted and
the mystery may eventually be unrav
eled. Lloyd George Ha- Knenm .
Sydney Brooks, in Fortnightly Review.
Almost every faction one can think
of la against Lloyd George but the
common sense and common sentiment
of the Nation and the Empire are for
him. The West End and lobbies of the
house, this tea table and that, a group
of fashionables here, a coterie of Jour
nalists, Army officers, and ousted poll
tlciana there, may rail and lament at
large. But the country continues to
chant its Lloyd George; the Empire
does the same: our allies, without ex
ception, furnish an applauding chorua.
More than any other man among us,
he typifies the spirit and alma and
stimulates the efforts of the great crusade.
place and are in no wise dependent,
upon it for their life.
Moss Is ever abundant and in a
variety of forms, figure 4. Search will
often disclose in sonic case the nio- -capsules
un slender stalks. In these
are developed the spores, held in by
threads which guard the mouth and are
sensitive to moisture, closing when
damp, but opening when dry and al
lowing the spores to escape when con
ditions are favorable for their dissemi
nation. Dwelling In harmony with the moss,
which serves to hold the molatur so
essential to the life of the fern, colonies
of the Licorice fern often thrive, fig
ure 5. Covered in its mossy bed
the root-like stem stores up that pe
culiar flavor resembling licorice which
gives It Its name. On the under side
of the leaf are dots, which examined
with a magnifying glass re found to
consist of numerous spore cases. If
one were to plant the spores either of
the moss or the fern he would discover
that they did not grow immediately
Into an individual of the same form,
hut an intermediate, inconspicuous
generation occurs on which arc borne
the eggs and sperm and compose the
sexual plants.
urlouM Oak Balls Found.
A little search beneath the branches
of the oak will brifTg to light the
curious oak balls. Some are still at
tached to twig or leaf, while others
have broken free, figures 6 and .
In the growing days an insect stung
leaf or branch and laid therein an
egg and at once the plant, irritated
either mechanically or by chemical
stimulant, implanted with the egg and
following a habit inherent in all living
tissue, both plant and animal, developed
with feverish energy an abnormal
tumor or gall.
Some of these attain great size and
show one or more punctures through
which the mature Insect escaped. Ono
of the peculiar things about this is
that any given Insect always causes .i
definite sort of gall on the same plant
and many of them are of considerable
beauty. They are rich in tannin and
some are used in manufacture of ink.
Portland Youth Fights to
Avenge Brothers' Deaths.
Marcelle tassolla. Reported Missing,
Located in Hospital.
ON NOVEMBER 24 Mr. and Mrs. C.
Debi. of Hillsdale, received offi
cial notification that their nephew.
Marcelle Gazzolla. was misaing after
going into, action the morning of the
9th. Young Gazzolla went over with
the 91st Division and had motives mora
personal than those of most American
soldiers. Ho went determined to
avenge the deaths of his two brothers,
who had been lost on the Italian front,
and to defend his little orphaned sister,
the last of the family in the old hornet
in Italy.
After his brother and the other rela
tives had mourned him as dead for a
week, they received a letter from him.
written in a hospital three days before
the day he was reported to havo been
lost. The accompanying picture shows
how far he is on the road to recovery
after being severely wounded in tbo
shoulder and hand. He saya there was
talk of a speedy peace at that time.
Before returning to this country Mr.
Gazzolla hopes to go Into Italy and
arrange to bring his little sister to hla
uncle's place at Hillsdale.
ILLINOIS LABOR ELECTS
Duncan McDonald, of Springfield,
Chosen President.
SPRINGFIELD. 111. Duncan ttc
Donald, of Springfield, was elected
president of the Illinois State Federa
tion of Labor by a majority of 116(1
over George t.. Mercer, of Canton, in the
recent referendum election, according
to a letter received here by McDonald
from Al Towns, of Chicago, acting ac
retary of the federation.
McDonald was secretary -treasurer of
the Illinois miners' organisation for
seven years. He is secretary-treasurer
of the Central Slates Co-operative So
ciety. Official returns made public late con
firmed the election of McDonald.
Vice - presidents elected Include
Michael J. Whalen. East St. Louis: Al
Towers. Belleville, and Waldo Cross,
Decatur, who defeated H. C. Maddox.
of Alton.
William Jampot and Dcrt Gray, of
Belleville, were elected auditors.
The Union Pacific Railroad has set
aside about $750,000 for building snow
sheds In Wyoming. These sheds are
made of reinforced concrete, and aro
built In such a way that they can be
taken apart and moved to any part of
the road where protection from agtiuis'
is most needed.
i