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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 9, 1918)
THE SUNDAY OEEGONIAN, PORTXAND, JUNE 9, 1918. EiqfitMi y - loi5tDty Kaiser . - n i Automatic Ibrty-nve,and What" It Can i Shczrt ZG,jCc2.r peri fein CCopyright, 1918, by Frank G. Carpen ter.) I HAVE come to Hartford, Conn., to tell you about the automatic pistol which is doing such good work In the hands of our boys In the trenches. It is the favorite American weapon, Just as the knife is the favorite weapon of the Italian and the bend grenade that of the German. The latter choice Is because the German does not know how to shoot. More than one million of these auto matics are already in the hands of our soldiers, and each has eight shots for the Kaiser. In all they have 8,000.000 bullets ready to lire, and hundreds of millions more in reserve, in clips for Immediate use. During my stay here I have had a chance to see what these pistols will do. One of the best shots of the United States is A. J. Geskie, of Connecticut, the head of the target division of the Colt Firearms Manufacturing Company. He gave me an exhibition of the pistol, firing it in a half dozen different ways. He started in with an automatic in a leather holster strapped tight to his side, lust as it is carried by the soldier while in the trenches. The leather top t was fastened, but Mr: Geskie unbut toned the flap, grabbed out the gun and fired seven shot in the space of three seconds. He next picked up a pistol from the table and fired seven shots in one second, the cartridges going oil so fast that I could hardly count the Indi vidual sounds. He then shot at a mark 45 yards away, and sent seven bullets Into a bullseye as big around as the bottom of a tin cup. It took him-only 12 seconds by my watch to aim and shoot. Later, he shot seven shots in six seconds, hitting the bullseye each time. I am told that Mr. Geskie can take even cartridges in his left hand and the pistol, loaded "with seven more, in his right. He can throw the seven loose partridges in rapid succession into the air to the height of a two or three story house, and hit an average of five out of seven of them before they come down. In this case most of the car tridge will explode when hit, and those that are struck on the end of the bul let are crushed when they reach the ground. He has a record of having shot 156 cartridges with his pistol in the space of one minute, and has put 21 shots into an 18-inch "bull" within eight seconds. Any one that knows anything about pistol shooting will tell you that this is "going some." This pistol is the one adopted by the TJnited States Government for the use of the Army. It is known as the Colt automatic, caliber .45, Government model. It is the invention of J. M. Browning, of Ogden, Utah the same man who invented the Browning ma chine guns, which are now being used by our Army. It is smaller, lighter and more easily handled than .other makes of revolvers of the same caliber, which it is rapidly displacing; and It is much more efficient in the hands of the sol dler. The gun weighs Just about two and one-half pounds, and the barrel is about five inches long. The length of the barrel and handle is eight and one half inches, and the handle Is so shaped that it contains seven cartridges, which are automatically forced Into the gun, one flying out each time that the trig ger is pulled. The gas exploding the first cartridge is the motive power which throws the second into position, and the same is done with the other cartridges each .time the trigger is pulled. In addition, another cartridge may be put in the barrel, making the capacity of the gun eight cartridges for the first fire. The chief parts of the pistol are the receiver which hold: the cartridges, the barrel and the slide. The gun shoots bullets about 50 per cent heavier than those used in the rifle, and at an angle of 45 degrees it has a range of more than a mile. On the flat trajectory it will shoot straight for a distance of more than one-third of a mile; and It can be loaded and fired so rapidly that it Is invaluable to our men In defense and in going over the top. Indeed, one man has fired 1000 shots with this pistol in 38 minutes. In another test 10,000 shots were fired from one gun without cleaning, and after that a clip of seven cartridges was shot at a target and every ball struck the bullseye. These pistols are now being made, by the Colt Firearms Manufacturing Com pany here at Hartford. The same firm has been making firearms for the armies of the United States and other countries for several generations. It was found ed by the man who Invented the re volver. This was Samuel Colt, the eon of a Massachusetts silk manufacturer. xoung tjoit was sent to Amherst to school, but he grew tired of his books ana snipped before the mast in a sail ing vessel from Boston to Calcutta. It was while on this trip that he whittled out the first model of the revolver, which later became known from one end of the world to the other. Upon his return he tried to interest his father In his invention, but the old man put him to work in the dyeing and bleach ing department of the silk mill in stead. While there he had to study chemistry, and within the course of a year was able to start out as a lecturer on the wonders of science. He did this at 18 years of age, assuming the title of "Dr. Colt" as. his stage name. He made so much out of his lectures that he was able to take out patents for his revolver, and within a few years there after he had established a firearms fac tory at Patterson, N. J., and was mak ing the revolvers which our troops first used in the Mexican War. Later he got other contracts with the United States and foreigen powers, and during- the Civil War he furnished thousands of pistols and guns for the Union Army. In the meantime he had removed his factory from Patterson to Hartford and formed the foundation of one of the largest firearms plants of the United States. It is of this plant I am writing today. It is now making machine guns, Colt automatic revolvers and the Colt automatic pistol invented by Browning It consists of many great buildings of brick and steel. Its floor space covers acres and the number of men and wom en employed runs high into the thou sands. Included in them is 'an army of expert mechanics. All are working away night and day making small arms for our soldiers in Europe. I wish I could show you one of the big factory rooms where . the pistols are made. Tou will have to have a photographic pass to gain admission and you will be stopped aaraln mil again as you walk about from one ma chine to another. I visited or room. which was as long as a good-sized city "'tn, as wiae or wider than Common wealth avenue, Boston. I figure that it covers something like two acres, and its walls of brick and glass and its saw-toothed glass roof throw a bright light on the maze of special machinery Duzzing Deiow. Standing at one end of the room, I looked through a thicket of the flying wneeis ana moving Deits, which, run by electricity, keep the machinery in action. There are wheels overhead and wheels near the machines. At first you can hardly distinguish the ma cnines, ana it laxes a moment or so for you to. see that every, belt runs a rencnes. sst"'s--"ss . l m - - ' - - - :tHi;iHI!MIUIM '-" at ' Ml 1 T ' il - - O- y - - . f ' . J M A- .-"5'si''va"1- - w ... - p - - - ' . vc-- I 2D stance-To rir FYvFL V machine, and that nearly every ma chine has a man or woman standing before It. There are more than a thou sand hands at work in the room, and there are more than that number of these special machines, many of which are operated by women. As you go on you see that , the women are doing all kinds of work.- Some of them are pounding with hammers, others are using files and others are gauging the parts to see that each Is accurate to the splitting of a hair. Many of the women are operating machines, and girls of 18 are managing four different machines at one time, putting ih and taking out new parts so quickly that not the stroke of a lever nor the bite of a lathe. goes to waste. The company Is speeding Its work to the utmost, and It does allit can to in crease the output of the individual worker. Everything is paid for by the piece, and the laborer who turns out the more work gets the more wages. This is true of both women and men, and the women are paid exactly the same as .the men and according to the amount they produce. For a time there was a fear on the part of the girls against speeding up lest the price per piece should be cut, and in the end they should be doing more work for the same money. A gang of about 40 women was employed on a certain part of the pistol. Each was turning out about 500 parts per day, when the su perintendent urged them to - increase their output to 1000, saying he would guarantee them the same price per piece. That offer was made two weeks ago, and the girls are now averaging 900 per day, and soon each will be mak ing 1000. There has been a decided speeding up of the work since we entered the war, and that on the part of the men and women themselves. The most of the employes are enthusiastic patriots, and the women especially feel that they are doing their bit in the war. There are flags in every room which were bought by the employes,., and both men and women are subscribing largely to the Bed Cross and the lib erty loan. , I have been especially interested In the work of the women. They labor away side by side with the men, and still there is but little conversation or gossiping going on. The output fixes the pay and so both time and work are money. Some of the girls are making from $25 to $35 a week, and some of them are making more than men at the same Job. They like the work, and the households of Hartford are having a famine in women's labor on account of the domestic servants leaving and going into the munitions factories. One of the highest officials of this pistol-making plant recently had a warning from one of his house maids that she was going to leave. He asked her what was the matter. She replied she was going to work in Colt's factory, where they would give her more wages. He said. "They won't give you a Job; and if they do I'll fire you." But he thereupon raised her wages so that they were equal to those of the girls in the pistol plant, and I am told she Is still on the Job. The officials say that the women are steadier than the men and that they lose less time. They are in such de mand that in certain of the firearms factories of this region any woman may come In and work for a certain num ber of hours per day at piece-work. All that is required is that she miist tell Just when she will come and that she be there regularly for the time fixed. Some women work from 10 to 12 in the morning, and many school teach ers add to their income by putting in two or three hours a day after school is over. I am told that the people of New Haven are worried for fear that after hours' work of the teachers in the factory may decrease their effi ciency In the schools. The Colt plant making automatic pistols Is a nine-hour shop, but the employes are urged to work longer and are paid for the amount they turn out. Some of the men stop at 5 o'clock. some at 6 and some at 7 P. M. Many of them lay off the day after payday. and on Monday it is especially diffi cult to get a full force. The women are more conscientious and they lose but little time. The Army needs mora and more pis tols as fast as it can get them, and at present the production depends upon more tools and more labor. The com pany Is bringing new machines of all kinds, and it needs all hands that It car. get to run them. One of the chief officials says that there is a mass of floating labor moving about the United States from shop to shop at Govern ment expense. The men will work a while in one factory and then get transportation free, perhaps to an other factory in another part of the country. The anxiety to get the work done is so great that all sorts of inducements are offered by the private companies manufactur ing for the Army, and men are bribed to leave one plant for another. The man who told me this believes that mu nition labor should be drafted and kept on the Job Just as our soldiers are kept on the Job in the Army. He says it is no worse to draft a man to make a pistol than to draft him to shoot it. In one case he loses only his sweat, while in the other he is liable to lose his blood and his life. Moreover, the man in the munitions factory is paid from $5 to $10 a day, while the man in the trenches gets barely $1 and keep. The work of making an automatic pistol is enormous compared with the size of the weapon. The pistol is so small that you could put it up your sleeve or drop it into your coat pocket. Nevertheless, it has 53 different parts, ranging in size from pins as fine as a sewing needle to the framework of s 4 rfek-.-t fimmM &si&&z irtsJare. Igeczcjy 6. the handle or receiver, which requires a forging weignlng over four pounds. Many of the parts have to pass through a half dozen processes or more, and in all over 1100 different hands are en gaged, in one capacity or another, on each individual pistol. It takes 125 men to make the receiver. 70 to make the slide and SO to make the barrel. Something like 275 are required on the small parts, and if you take all of the men and women who handle each part of the weapon until it is completed and packed away ready to be shipped to the boys In the trenches the number is, as I have said, over 1100. In this work everyone has one part to do. and the processes are so standardized that one man often does the same thing over and over again throughout the day. I saw one boy who spends the whole day drilling holes in the barrels, and near him a girl putting peg after peg into a hole from morning until evening. Much of the work is less fixed, and much requires Judgment, care and con siderable skill. Everything has to be gauged, and hundreds of men and women look over the pieces and meas ure them with gauges to see that they flodern Poultry (ullure This year It Is particularly nec essary that every chick brought to the weaning age should de velop into a vigorous cockerel or pullet from which a profit can be realized. This article explains bow to manage these chicks af ter they leave the brooder and are ready to live on the range. BT FRANK C. HARE. Poultry Husbandman, Clemson College, South Carolina. THE two most popular methods of brooding chicks today are by the use of coal-burnlnic brooder stoves and portable hovers. The coal-burning stove Is such a dependable heater and the loss of chicks is so small that it is destined to replace every other system on a poultry plant rearing a thousand or more chicks a year. The other successful method of brooding chicks is by the use of a port able hover about two feet in diameter, heated by a coal-oil lamp, placed in a small portable house. This is the ideal way to raise from 60 to 300 chicks. As the coal-burning stove will give the most profitable results when not less than 300 chicks are placed with it, it will be seen that these two methods cover the brooding problem. Honae for Brooder Stove. The stove requires a room preferably 12 feet square. It is placed in about the center of the room and the chicks hover around It. But this room is too warm for the chicks when they are scratching for grain and exercising, so that another room of the same size is necessary. In this second room, which is without heat, the chicks scratch and work in deep litter for small grains and from it they run outdoors whenever the weather is pleasant. Combining these two rooms in one house, we find that the size of the house for a brooder stove to rear from 300 to 600 chicks is 24 feet long. 12 feet wide, seven feet high to the eaves and nine feet to the peak. A wooden floor raised one foot above the ground pro vides a dry floor and also prevents the visitation or rats. There should be two hinged windows in the south wall of the heated room and four hinged win CAMPINES, both Silver and Golden, are now popular among American poultry breeders. The Golden Cam pine Is of recent introduction and prob ably less known than the Silver Cam pine, which enjoyed & short-lived boom 18 or 20 years ago. About seven years ago an enthusiastic fancier, knowing the economic and decorative value of the real Silver Campine, imported and bred some specimens of this fowl pos sessing real merit. He used plenty of printer's Ink and made many exhibits of the fowls, together with their eggs, at the large poultry shows. For many years Silver Campine eggs have won virtually all prizes offered on the best white eggs at the Boston poultry show, a feature that has probably done more SILVER CAMPIXES. . i. .................................. ................. OOO, 000j22Ofsfoiffer are exactly right. Some of the parts are so small that they are counted by weighing them, so many pieces going to the pound. Every part has to have Its own spe cial machines to make it. and more than 900 of the most expert toolmakers of the country are kept busy turning out duplicates and extra parts for the pistol-making machines. These ma chines have to be designed, and each part of the pistol Is begun in the drawings of the designing-room. I looked at the sketches for one little part, a piece of steel about half the size of a postage stamp and as thick as the nail of my thumb. The draw ings for that part covered as many sheets as the architectural plans for a ten-story apartment building and they were far more intricate. The part it self figures less than the fraction of a cent In the cost of the gun, but thousands of dollars have been spent to get ready to make it in the special machines and tools which will turn it out by the thousands. The metal of 'which the guns are made Is all subject to physical and chemical analyses. The steel, which dows in the south and west walls of the scratching room. The outside door should enter the scratchtng-room. The rooms should be separated by a tight wooden partltton with a door and chick door in it, and the inside of the heated room should be ceiled. The stove brooder-house should be placed in the center of a good natural range for chicks. There should be an abundance of growing vegetable mat ter on which insects can be found and plenty of trees and natural shade to protect the chicks from the intense heat of Summer. These natural envi ronments can be provided by the poul tryman by sowing rape, oats and sun flowers or castor beans. If a wooded range cannot be obtained. Allow an average of 600 chicks to an acre of ground; scatter the houses around the range and grow each brood to maturity in the one house. Honae for Portable Hover. The most satisfactory house for the portable hover is eight feet long, six feet wide, six feet high in front and five feet high at the rear. The runners are made of four by six-inch lumber 10 feet long, with each end cut at an angle of 45 degrees to facilitate haul ing. An inch and one-half hole at each end f the runners Is used as a fasten ing for a chain or rope and a horse will pull this little house anywhere. There Is one hinged window in the south front and a hinged board at the top of the rear wall for ventilation. The floor is built on four two-by-four-inch pieces, six feet long, spiked to the runners. Each one of these hover colony houses will rear 60 chicks and the houses should be not less than 200 feet apart on the range. By using either of these systems for brooding chicks we save moving the chicks at the weaning age from the brooder to a colony house on the range. If the chicks are brooded around a stove near the dwelling house. It Is nec essary to move them to colony house in the fields when they reach six weeks of age. The same is true of chicks started in an outdoor brooder or in a hot-water heated brooding house they must be taken to a colony house when they no longer require artificial heat. Until we used the brooder stove and the portable hover, we moved the chicks to the cheaply-built houses In the growing field as soon as they were able to popularize the breed than Its beauty of plumage. It was imported from Belgium to England, where ardent fanciers im proved it, both in color and production, and from England It Journey to America. It is a fowl of the Mediterranean type, small of bone and body, active and nervous and a heavy layer. For markets demanding white eggs Cam pines furnish a product that commands top prices. The plumage is silvery white, marked by broad bands of glossy greenish black. The legs are blue and the skin white, which are the only drawbacks to its popularity in America. Campines are managed the same as Leghorns. They are of about the same size and will stand confinement equally well. comes In the shape of rough forgings Trevolrlng diso of steel about a yard In for most of the parts, has been care- I diameter and then slid under the grind fully made and pounded out In the stone, a large cylinder, which whirled rough at the biggest steel plants in the country. After it reaches the pistol works it goes again into the forges and enormous steam hammers work the fibers over and over into a homogen ous and unbreakable mass. The steel is heated and hammered again and again, a forging weighing over two pounds being often reduced by this kneedlng and cutting and polishing into seven ounces by the time it is ready to. go into the weapon. All the finishing, boring and rifling of the forgings is done by machines and spe cial tools made for the purpose. There are forgings for the various parts scattered here and there through out the big room I - have described. Each pile- is where it is needed for a part of the work, and where It can be most conveniently handled for the receivers that form the handles of the pistols, in another the little cylinders that are to be bored Into barrels, and In others forgings for the tiny parts that must be cut and polished and ground down to the thousandths of an ir.ch In order to make them Just right. Some of the grinding machines are most interesting. I saw one which ground and polished 50 of the largest parts at one time. These parts, having been forged Into shape, were laid on a to shift for themselves. Now we start and grow the chicks in the same houses and save the work of transplanting them. Removing; Chicks to Range. However, let us consider the other method. It has one advantage you have the chicks near home and it is only a step to look after them. Let us consider that one brood Is ready to be moved to the field. Cover the floor of the new house with litter and scatter some chick food in It. Take the chicks from the brooder on a warm day and keep them confined in the new house until the next morning. Then stretch some wire netting three feet high around' the front of the house and let the chicks out, throwing a little feed on the ground. In three or four days the netting can be removed aj)d the chicks will know their home. V e have successfully settled 2000 chicks in 40 houses this way, and it was exceptional for one chick to roost In the wrong house, although the houses were in the same woods, without fences. I have never tried taking from three to six hundred chicks from brooders to one large house like the stove brooder house, but see no reason why several hundred chicks of the same age could not be successfully moved to the one house. This would certainly be more convenient than caring for small lots In the colony houses. There is one se cret of success in having chicks grow up in the same house supply eacn house with a hopper containing dry mash, a water fountain, and feed each brood of chicks near, or in. us nouse. If you feed each lot at nome tne chicks will stay at home. There Is no disputing this point, and Just as cer tainly if you feed the chicks in one place and have one large hopper for all. the chicks will crowd into the houses near the feeding ground. On the range chicks grow more rapidly, obtain greater vitality, and make flesh more cheaply than if they are left to mature with the older fowls at the poultry plant. This year par ticularly, we must exert every erfort to provide ourselves and others with vigorous pullets to help replace the flocks of laying hens that were slaugh tered last Winter. Eggs will be scarce this Winter. Pullets will be in the greatest demand. , Ferda for Growlns; Stock. The growing chicks require a mix ture of dry meals kept befofe them constantly, a scratching food given twice daily, and a supply of fresh water. Grit in the form of small, sharp stones, or chlck-slze ground oyster shells is necessary also, if the range does not provide it. The dry mash can be the same mixture fed the laying hens sold under the name of an egg mash. A northern formula is: Equal parts by weight of wheat bran, wheat middlings, cornmeal. ground oats and meat scraps. In the South the meat scraps can be replaced by prime cottonseed meal, velvet bean meal or soy bean meal. Add to each 100 pounds of the mash one half pound of fine table salt. Mix thor oughly. Keep the dry mash in a hopper in each house, or In a covered trough outdoors near each house. This Is the real growing food. The scratching mix ture can be bought, or it can be made at home from cracked cojn. wheat screenings, clipped oats, or any other grains at hand. I visited the owner of a successful poultry plant In Maryland who keeps the scratching grain mixture before the chicks in a hopper, the same as the egg mash, and his chicks are in the pink of condition. This certainly reduces the labor of feeding 5000 chicks on this farm, but for the average grower it is preferable to scatter .the grain twice dally and make the chicks scratch for It In the grass or litter. Much of the labor of watering chicks on a range can be eliminated by pro viding barrels of water filled once a week from a tank drawn around by a horse. The barrel has a faucet at the bottom which drips Into a shallow pan. The barrel should be placed in the shade and covered tightly. Frequent cleansing with a disinfectant are neces sary. Other systems' of watering may be better adapted to certain cases, but some certain supply of fresh water must be provided. Chickens on a good range provided with an abundance of properly balanced food, water and grit, will develop rap- Idly into birds that can be sold at a profit. The cockerels should be segre gated at an early date and fattened for about above the disc The parts were locked tp the steel disc by the touch of a button. This button electrified the disc, turning it into a magnet, which held the steel forgings firmly in place. Before the electricity was turned on I could move the parts about with per fect ease, bat after the man pressed the button they were as tight to the disc as though weided. Another press of the button started the grindstone to whirling, and sparks like those of a skyrocket flew out on all sides. In an Incredibly short time the rough forging shone like silver and was ground Into shape. Many of the machines have to be bathed in lubricating oil while engaged in their delicate lathe work and bor Irg. At every few steps as you go through the factory great barrels of this oil are to be seen, and the. scrap or borings made by the drills are cov ered with it. This scrap is put through certain processes so that the oil may be saved and sold to the steel makers. The same economy and saving go on through all the operations. The planning of a factory like this Is after tne latest methods of modern efficiency. All of the work is stan dardized, and it goes on in a sequence of operation from the rough forgings. market, or removed to another range, where the best specimens are retained for breeders and show birds. Present Indications point to an unprecedented demand for breeding stock, and every one should rear as many chicks as he has room to grow and feed to supply. Oats for Green Food. While the greater portion of this article seems to deal with the poultry man who is growing from several hundred to several thousand chicks this year, the suggestions are Just as pertinent to the man who grows only a few chicks for his own use. If you have not a natural range and shade for your chicks, spade up the ground and sow oats. These will sprout In a short time and the chicks will enjoy MILITARY BANDS ARE POWER FOR STIMULATING PATRIOTISM (Continued From Flrat Pan ) be an asset to the Government and to humanity arid they gave of themselves to the last ounce of their power. Fortunate those who had the exqui site surroundings of Mrs. Vanderbirt's home, for In addition to the comforts and the aid of the aesthetic atmosphere they had the class of attendance who urderstood their musical language, most of those present were friends and admirers who had long known and en Joyed them. But those who responded to the call for "street singers." faced a different situation and a different audience and some of these brought more than money to the Red Cross tl.ey brought something to the souls of their hearers many of whom had not been moved by musical messages of this sort. One of these singers was Delphine Marx, who with Diana Kasner at the piano, entertained hundreds of people who could not be "moved on" at the 94th street and Broadway assembly. Mrs. Marx also sang with the Erie Railway Office Band and after that she had things her own way. In honor of a body of British marines who had Just landed the singers of the evening followed the "Star Spangled Banner" with "America." to which the boys sang their own words and "La Mar seillaise" was stirringly sung by Mrs. Bliss, a French artist of great charm who acquired her name through her marriage toVan American- In addition to these artists, numbers in varying degrees of seriousness were supplied by Miss Doris Acktre, Miss S. Bryant, Miss Dorothy Spinner and others ac companied by Miss Prochaska on a piano moved out onto the street for this purpose. But the singers are not yet done with their work. The Sum mer will bring needs of every sort, out door entertainments for all the war charities and there will be few to re fuse, notwithstanding the strain upon nerves, voice and general health. Percy Grainger made his last appear ance as a member of the Fifteenth Coast Artillery Band recently at Shu bert's Theater In a great concert given by that organization under Rocco Resta. This does not mean that he will not be heard with the band in a num ber of concerts given for the different war charities, because permission has been granted him to fulfill the con certs that had already been arranged. Percy Grainger has, however, been transferred from the Fifteenth Ar tlllerv Band at Fort Hamilton to Governor's Island, New York, where he has been named as assistant instructor In the Army music training school directed by Arthur Clappe. This Is highly gratifying, not only to friends for personal reasons, but be cause so tremendous a musical equip ment as that of this brilliant artist could serve the country to a far greater degree in this manner than as a mem ber of the splendid and ambitious band under that fine musician, Resta. Grainger was a source of great Inspira tion to the Fifteenth Regiment Band, and his identification with it brought it into the eye of the public in this country and in Europe. His influence should lead to a proper recognition of the necessity of larger and more mili tary bands which primarily represent encouragement, relaxation and stimu lation to the men behind the flag and. In a very wide measure, an Inconceiv able asset in the campaigns of the liberty loans. Red Cross and other charities, for which money in fabulous amounts must be subscribed. From coast to coast the ead news of the death of Evan Williams will be received with a sense of personal loss. The great Welsh tenor, whose loving and lovable nature proved the great which are the raw materials, to the completed pistols packed up in boxes ready for shipment to France. The parts start in at one end of the great recm I have described and pass through machine after machine and hand after hand as though on an end less belt, each machine and each man doing their special work until at the end the parts come out polished and. r-ady to go Into the pistol. They are in this condition when they reach the lower end of the room, where is the assembling department, in which they are fitted together into completed pis tols. After this each gun is tested or targeted, and it is then soaked In oil and packed up in pine boxes ready for shipment as the Bureau of Ordinance directs. Before this Is done everything Is carefully inspected by expert officers of the War Department, so that there Is absolutely no chance of a bad wea pon getting Into a shipment. The in spectors examine the parts as they go through. They have each pistol fired to see that it functions, by which is meant that its machinery moves all right. They test the parts to see if they are interchangeable, and out of every so many pistols cne is shot thousand times or more as a proof of its accuracy. So far the number re jected have been only a small fraction of 1 per cent of those made In fact, of the many thousands turned out within the past two months, only two have not stood the test of the Govern ment inspectors. them. Soak oats In water over night, set the pan on the stove next morning and allow the oats to simmer for half an hour. Feed the soaked oats in the afternoon. The chicks relish this food and there is no danger of its being moldy. Cut up evesy piece of cooked meat and small bones left from the table with a sharp hand ax; feed these to the chicks whenever you can. They supply the Insects found on the. range. Feed table scraps. Give buttermilk or sour milk curds. Keep the dry mash before the chicks, and scatter some grain in litter for exercise. Tour'chtcks will grow fast and delight you. If you have no natural shade, sow sunflowers, or make some temporary shelters or old boards and roofing paper. soul that was his proud possession, was part of the musical life of this country for the last quarter of a cen tury, and the beauty of his voice up to the last minute of bis life was a source of Joy for all who knew him. This voice, thanks to modern Inven tions, wi'.i live, and for many who knew Evan Williams only through his remarkable records he will not pass out of their dally life but will come back with luscious song each time his admirers put the records onto the ma chine. He had a depth Of sentiment, a musical feeling which had its fountain In the man's very soul and a kindli ness that will make his absence hard to bear for all who knew and loved him. With the exception of John Mc Cormack. in the Irish ballad, no sing er has made so much of the simple song, and In oratorio Evan Williams was a historic figure. There is perhaps no singer before the public more definitely in line with Evan Williams' characteristics than Morgan Kingston, who. like his fellow countryman, was born in Wales. Like him. too, he has a soulful, appealing tenor voice and a remarkable feeling for the bailed with a human appeal. Unlike Williams. Kingston has made his place In this country in opera, first with the late Century Opera Company, on tour with the Ellis Opera Company, then with the Chicago Opera Associa tion and now with the Metropolitan, in terspersing his activities during the Summer with appearances at Ravinia. Park. Morgan Kingston, of the Metropoli tan Opera Company, will leave New York for Portland. Or., n-here he will sing at the mueic festival to be held there, beginning June 6. He will then be heard In some of his' notable roles at Ravinia Park, which will this sea son enlist the services of some of the most noted operatic stars who have ever appeared under these auspices. A partial list Includes Claudia Muzlo. Mabel Garrison, Sophie Braslau. Orvllle Harrold, Lucy Gates. Jose Mardonea. Blanca Soroya and others. HOUSEBOAT ON THE STYX (Continued From TMrat Pagat. marine that carried human freight and ruthlessly fired a fairly good imita tion torpedo in utter disregard of the life of the innocent non-combatant." "You said something that time. Doc," ejaculated Jonah, with fervor. "The parallel." said Blackstone. "is complete. The plaintiff loses and is hereby ordered to defray the costs of liquidation. I'll take a schooner of chill sauce." It was at this point that Solomon entered the room. "Anybody asking for me?" he said. "Not that I know of," growled Priam, sulkily. "Ascanious said somebody wanted to speak to the- chap who said 'there's nothing new under the sun." said Solomon, "and so I came." "Oh Are you it?" said Priam. "Yes." said Solomon. "I said It in my little book called Eccleslastes " "Well." said Priam. "I Just wanted to tell you that 'U'xau you said that, Solomon " The old fellow hesitated as if reluc tant to give in. "Go on," said Solomon. "You spoke the truest word you ever spoke in all your life." satd Priam. "And I could make it untrue la a minute." said Skylock. "You?" said Priam. "How?" "By buying somepotty a drink, said Shylock. "I'll do it for $10." "No." said Priam. "It would be novel. Shy, but it would be too much of a shock to everybody."