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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 27, 1918)
in TITE SUNDAY OKEGOXfAX,- PORTLAND, JANUART 27, 1918. 6I6EL0W PLANS TO ANNUL FRANCHISES UNIVERSITY OF OREGON CADETS ARE LEARNING THE BUSINESS OF WAR FROM THE GROUND UP FROM COLONEL JOHN LEADER, 23 YEARS A SOLDIER From a Corps of Raw Revruita Oregon's Military Instructor Has Produced Efficient Regiment With Surprising Amount of Knowledge of ( Actual Work Carried On on Modern Battlefields, AH in Space of Three Short Weeks. Ordinance Aimed at Car Com pany to Be Submitted to Council Wednesday. S-CENT FARE RESPONSIBLE Commlxlnnrr Ib-HeTe Move Will Krull la Company IlMnrnln( to Vrritoa Rale Railter Than. , Lose I'rrtuils to Operate. Revocation of kit the rt nllinj 'ranehtsea of tbe rortland Railway, Light Tower Comtuny la provided In a proposed ordinance which will be submitted to tbe ltr Council Wedixi day by City Commllotrr Itlgelow. Tha ground for te revocation, accord In to r. I'.tgeiow. I the company's violation of tta franchise provisions by the In crease In atreetcar farea. Mr. Hla-elow says hp believes the move will result In the company re- turnlnc lo the S-eent fare rather than lose It.e i ranehlae. He aaya he does rot know jnt how the company will le forced lno the reduced fare propo- aitlon. but believes his scheme ultl mateiy will bring about the desired rr.ult. It la admitted that the plan will en counter difficulties. Should the fran chises be revoked, the company would l-e precluded from operating cars In 1'ortlenJ. Whether the city or the com pany would have the advantage under - such an arrana-ement Is a question. Without franchtftes. It is said, the com pany could ba prohibited by the city from operating or the company could refuse to operate or could operate only aura cars as It desired. Blselaw'a Act lea "ars-rtxe. Mr. BlloW action came yesterday as a surprise, inasmuch its lira cruee tmn ot violation of franchise provisions ty the company Is- the main Issue In a suit now be In a; Instituted by the city. .in which two special attorneys have 'been retained. In addition to the legal force of the City Attorney's office, llow passage ot the ftlgelow ordl ranee would alter the situation Is not seen, unless the company should fret frightened and arbitrarily reduce' its fares. The Council may revoke fran rhises for cause, but the company would bare a rU'ht. It is said, to disprove In the courts the existence of the alleged cause. The only cause mentioned in the enrlow ordinance la that of Increasing fare. Thla Is Identically the same Issue Involved In the leiral action now being insiltnted. and it la said th same method would have to be followed in reaching the facts In either esse. City Attorney La Hoc he was unwilling to comment on the new move yester dav. but admitted that the Hlgelow ordinance waa not Inspired by the at torneve representing the city In the appeal ease riow beinc Instituted. Pars ssi ef Move DtoeataaeaV In some circles the move on the part f Mr. Blcelow Is looked on as his means of disproving charges made pub licly lately to the effect that he. with the rest of the City Council, except Commissioner Kellaher, Is controlled by the streetcar company. Mr. Hla-elow said yesterday that ha waa not prepared to make any state ment on. tbe legal side or the Issues Involving such questions as tbe ability of the company to itlve service for the -cent fare, in face of the decision of the 1-ubllc Service Commission to the effect that thorough Investigations cov ring a period of four years showed the t-cent fare Insufficient to keep the company out of bankruptcy. Also aald be did not know what conflict there might be between his action and the pending suit against the (-cent tare. Ksseraeaey Claaee laaerfed. The ordinance as prepared carries an emergency clause, whlcii would put Its provisions Into effect Immediately' If passed by-unanlmoua vote of the City Council. The ordinance reads' as follows: Whereas, In and by the" erdinnee and r-anriiles anrfer hi-h the Portland Rl We. he Poarvr Company maintains and e-rsti-s a trei ralla-er svstem la the -llr el frttaml. tt ta provided ss a rondnioa t.poa M:a thm granieee therein and tnetr lc:fSHr er aa.sna were permitted to ec- eupr stid uee tbe streets or lbs oltv of Port. JnJ letriae4 ta alJ traata. that tbe rate tax ui.rtH abou:d not elrr4 0 cents J r each passencer abits traveling In any ne continuous routs over any Itne or lines f said street rallwaTs; whU-h' provision prior i e arescn tnereot nereinaller maulloasd Ce"t'tte4l a bioulna- contract: ana Whereas. TTie Portland Railway. I.lsht A T"sr Company la noar and snre the l.'.t-i s or January. IIIV has b-o vlolatln as i1 terms and eonittlons In each of said vrdiniiK'M le charting paesensera a cents J.' tne seelc which under the terms of said errfinanreaaini fra n.-n i -s It la obliged I than Government requirements call for, s. itn5i''X ' 11 '- - a" ' - v ' If " r- s f .11. - . . , , i i r o " ' r - . . ,;v,s: .S ,. aTfir- ' ' TrlL fc , ; X--f -' it:- J 7. ' Vv naiiit ii aaaas)jsaaaarfaaaaawj w iaeawaasMMiMisjaawaii iiaiwB?aitf33a Eft in'n'iWiriri(i"raa ii-j-f -ir afSi iinTiTriiiijaif -imijh--i -fir ----iTrflirinifr urm "iiTaiiiai as aiiiasiiaanriaaiiiaaisiji'aawai fin " imiartaiiaifiT! rwttt yS S jftamwv w- sat :waaeee,jwywwwWjiii t I - . - . Jt J ifM. - c '. .---( . . - ;s lib ... .j, ,5-i.iae"- - 11. ' ir N1VERSITT OF OREGON. Eugene. Jan. IS. (Special.) Lieutenant Colonel John Leader, command ant of the University KattaJion and In structor In military science at the uni versity, wants 1000 men. bright, ener getic, physically sound young Ameri cana, to prepare themselvea as efficient soldiers in the cause or democracy against Trusslan kultur. Three hun dred of these he already has and day by day he la moulding them Into' the type of soldiers that the L'nited Stales Is going to nerd most before the flags Of the allies fix over Berlin fighters trained In every detail of modern warfare. The making of soldiers Is a new function 'for tbe university, an Insti tution In the peaceful order of things economic before the" war whose object waa to train the young men and young: Women' of the state in' constructive oc cupations, but It Is a function which is being performed with the same-degree of efficiency as the making of doctors. lawyers. Journalists, artists, teachers, merchants, bankers and the hundred and one other type of professional that go to make up the modern civilised state. .This semester for the first time. ar Is being taught as a profession. military science becoming a major de partment Instead of a side issue. Keeagaltlea la Expected. Within the next week or ten days It Is expected that the university will be recognised bv the War Department ns reserve officers' training camp and the work, which la now more Intensive 7Xc? iStdxZfZ So ,y;J drill and their regular studies the men are piling; extra work In the military department. :Z'.. S c . ye Vrie-' super- : I vision of the War Department. Appn Oectin 1 That all rights and franchises cation for the training camp rating has maintain ana operate a streetcar line or I K.. ma.le and ia reported to have been I ! Ha In h .'I. ... !..-... k. A " t f.r ifihtitl br ih cut of Horti.nd and I It-ToraDiy Tci9n in ,BBnin8wn w ni by th PorInd Railway. Llartati V l ottr t omMDT be and brbv aj fn -tvt. rrkr4 and anuilvd; pruvtu d thai Ho ordlnanr Kranttnc any richta to main- tun w opril iMrf. riiilwa to ih city r fort i nn brturor r(aid aoa.1 ua r Vivd bv Ihia orrilaatac. i'titta S -lnaatno-h as this rdlnanr la I rcn-ary for th luarn-Mlat prvavvrvatloti of public htltb. paw and safety of th r-tr ov Kort.aco. in inia: That tna (nral T-uhtto la tha cny ut Port. and la btn rr-d an ftcMif rat of atrratcar far In vijiaf'on of th letmi of frmnchiMa under whwh aald itrvs-icart ar orraid In cra-fa of tha my of Portland. thrfor an f.-MrivncT la dc'ard to asiat and thla tf.aataca amtl b in foreo and fTct from and U.C4T iia fawact by th Cvunni, UNION PIONEER IS DEAD 3Jri. llanna Rogers Came to Grande bjr Ox Team la 18S. LA GRANDE, Or.. Jan. .. Spe cial. One of the most unique char acters among the ranka of the pioneers ef I'nlon County died In La Grande this week. Her name Is Hannah Kogers. At tha age of 14 aha and ber family crossed the plains with ox teams, com ing to what later became La Grande from 1'hlladelphla. The family squatted a homestead, where ramp waa struck that night and never left It. Her maiden name was 'Williamson. In 1MI the married oland J. Kogers. . Mrs, Rogers, af- all of the British colonies. fectionately known aa "Aunt Hannah, lived amidst her fellow townsmen a highly revered citiien. Peattt occurred at tha home of her son. Adna B. Kogers. of this city, and the funeral was held from the Methodist Church bunday afternoon. Hood Riser Keeks Minister. TTOOD RIVER. Or. Jan. iPpe ciaL) At a session yesterday the board of trustees, of tbe Asbury Methodist Church Instructed District Superintend ent I'emberton. of The Dalles, who was tie re for the meeting, and Bishop Mat thew ri. Hughes, of Portland, to pro cure a pastor for the church. The local Methodist pulpit has not been supplied since Rev. E. H. Longbrake. who ac cepted, a- call to a Wisconsin church, lei t here. Just before Christmas. There Is little glamor to the military training the university men have been getting since the arrival- of Colonel Leader to take charge of the work, it is serious, gruelling, hard work. Colo nel Leader is on the campus to make soldiers and his every thought and act are directed toward that end. It Is doubtful If any other college or uni versity In America can boast of a mili tary instructor so well qualified to teach the science of modern warfare aa Colonel Leader. He Is a soldier by pro fession and one whose record of serv ice has been long and brilliant. Ha is teaching the cadets, the same things that are being tauKht the men of American expeditionary forces In Prance the things which he. himself. learned from two years of experience In the front liha trenches. C'oloael Leader Bora Soldier. Colonel Leader is one of that type which is quite common in England, but almost unknown In America. He Is a soldier by birth, the ISth of a line of John Leaders who have ranked high In the King's service and the 16th master of the Leader estate in tlie aouttAof Ireland. He was born In India, but re ceived his early schooling In England and later graduated from the Urltinh Military Academy, going at once into the army, where ho has seen IJ years of service. He participated in the Boer war and the Boxer uprtslng and baa been In active service In practically During the Russian-Japanese war he served as a military observer with the Japaneae and on military missions for the Brit ish government he has done active work In practically every country of Europe and Asia. When the present war broke out Colonel Leader was located In Van couver, B. C, and was one of the first to return to England for active duty. Single-handed he raised and trained a regiment from among; the men around hia old home In the south of Ireland. They were the men he commanded at the battle of the Somme. where he re ceived the wounds which incapacitated him for further service at the front and kept him in the hospital for sev eral months. last racier la .Mad eat. This Is the man who Is directing the unassuming and modest, a strict disci plinarian and a "demon for work," as one of the cadeta remarked after the Colonel had been on the campus for a week. Iu three weeks Colonel Leader has converted the 300 men in the I'nlversity Battalion, who hardly knew the rudi ments of the manual of arms, into a unit working with precision and accu racy. When he arrived wooden guns were the only equipment which the military department had on hand, and the men were receiving Instruction in nothing but the manual of arms and simple squad and company formations. There Is a big change In the situation now. Colonel Leader has no intention of turning the men under him into the Army as privates in every one of the cadets he sees the possibility of a com missioned officer and he is giving them the work that will fit them for officer ships. The crying need of the Inited States In this war, according to Colonel Leader, is not going to be that of pri vates, but of First and Second Lieuten ants, men trained In the fine points of military science. From the first he has been training the men as they would be trained In an officers' school. When the reserve officers' training camp Is secured the same course of Instruction will go on. Clght Hours' Work Required. ' Of every man in the university who Is physically able to shoulder one of the discarded Army rifles that have been secured, is demanded at least eight hours of military work each week. Five hours of this Is devoted to drill, and, if ever one of the cadets had the idea that drill simply meant an hour's parade before admiring co-eds, he has been disillusioned. The other three hours are devoted to lectures by Colonel Leader. There is little need, however, for the word "compulsory" In connec tion with any part of the military pro gramme. The cry of the students is for work and more work. All of the military Instruction is be ing carried on . with the Idea that flie men will have actual use for It when they get to Europe, and they all intend to get to Europe. Out on what used to be known aa the university golf course are now being constructed trenches, dugouts, machine gun emplacements, barbed - wire entanglements, sapping tunnels, first-aid pita, sniping pits and the various other contrivances which figure In the every-day life of the men along the western front- This Is Colo nel Leader's laboratory, where warfare In its most minute detail is explained to the cadets, and where they do the actual work. No aort of weather Is allowed to interfere with the regular programme. Clad In their uniforms of khaki coveralls and legging, the men go Into the trenches whether it ia rain ing or snowing. Mark Learned Quickly. What they have learned about the construction of field works in three weeks Is surprising. Aside from know ing that a trench is a sort of ditch af- tle conception of actual work required to build one and the engineering prob lems that enter into it. Now they look at a trench as the home of hundreds of men to be occupied for weeks, possibly months. They nave learned to drain them, provide for the disposal of sew age, shore up the walls to prevent them Caving in, construct communication systems leading back to secondary lines, bases of supply and rest and first aid dugouts, camouflage the exterior to make It hard to distinguish from the rest of the scenery. These are but few of the tricks of the trade which each of the men must learn. Stretching out in front of the first line trenches Into "No Man's Land" are the barbed wire entanglements that have been woven by the cadets, dupli eating in every detail those which the American troops will face when they take the offensive against Fritz. "Oregon Spirit" Stows. The field works are to play a double purpose In the training scheme, tne men learning the construction prob lems by actually doing the work, and later using the works In the trench, bombing and bayonet drills. It is with the same spirit that has characterized Oregon's athletic teams In the past that AFTER SCCCESSFl'L YEAR PASTOR WILL roMIME AT Hl'BBAHD, IF" 9 'fct- f it . I; t i .J8ev ' :: I I IA a aWaaf aai aiairiaiiiiiii ii iiiiiiiaatlii n ii fording protection from enemy ftre. the I Rev. Samuel C. Long. HUBBARD, Or.. Jan. 26. After completing a successful year as pastor of the Hubbard Congrega tional Church, the Rev. Samuel C. Long has been asked to continue his services here and is now en tering his second year. Hilary m-ork .at. the .university; quiet, cadets, like civilians .generally, had lit-. I., the men are taking to those forms of drill which require a degree of skill ind offer an opportunity for the dis play of physical prowess. When they "go over the top" it is with the vim that has carried Oregon's teams to many a victory over overwhelming odds. Lined up before a scaffold bear ing dummies labeled "Bosehe." It does not take many days of practice for the average cadet to pick the vital spots with a bayonet. He learns to thrust for the neck, where the instru ment will not stick, and necessitates the nasty Job of using his foot as pry In separating Bosche from bayonet Already the boys are becoming ex pert with the dummy bombs that have been provided for their use and are putting the death-dealing missiles out well beyond the mark set by the aver age "suicide squads of the British and French armies. At first they started out to throw them as they would a baseball, but the first day in the trenches cured them of that. Skinned knuckjes testified to the fact that often the hand containing the bomb hit the back of the trench, and the Colonel ex plained that bombs had a habit of ex plodlng when brought up rapidly against something solid. Now they throw them somewhat in the manner they would hurl a javelin, standing on the firing step five 'feet below the top of the trench and taking care to keep the bomb well away from the back wall not the easiest thing in the world to do when throwing at an imaginary enemy 25 or 30 yards away and out of sight. Out in the open a bomb can be handled like a baseball, and under these conditions the Ameri can boy is the champion bomber of the world. Where 40 yards is a long throw for the average French or Brit ish soldier, according to Colonel Leader, some of the cadets are putting the bomb within striking distance of an object twice that far away. Discipline Is Strict. There Is also the routine of the manual of arms to be learned and the never-ending rehearsals of the various squad, company and battalion forma tions, where the strictest discipline Is insisted upon. Bruises and sore joints result when the meji are called upon to rush forward In waves and -throw themselves upon the ground in skirm-ish-Une formation, for there is no time to hunt a soft spot upon which to fall. and when the command comes to drop they drop. Add to all of this rifle practice. which is to be instituted as soon as the old rifle club range can be fitted up, and you have a fair idea of the military training that is being required of every able-bodied man lit the uni versity that is, of the physical part of it. Three additional hours each week are devoted to lectures by Colonel Leader on tactics, field en gineering, topography, military or ganization, trench fighting, musketry. morale and machine guns. It is In the manner in which they have responded to the optional military courses, however, that the students show their real determination to beat the Kaiser. . . On top of the - required i Kngineering Is Popular. Especially popular is the course in field engineering to which four hours every Saturday morning is devoted, and here are to be found the men who will later try for commissions in the Na tional Army. Their training runs more to the technical and their work con sists largely of practical experience in mapping and map reading, construction of trench systems, trestle, frame and pile bridgss, road making and railway work. Part of their work during the coming months will be the construction of bridges across the Willamette River at Eugene and over smaller streams and gullies in the neighborhood of the university. This class is also the cam ouflage unit of the battalion and later in the year it will receive instruction and experiments irt the use and effects of different explosives. In all the university is offering more than 20 different courses in military science, which include the following classes: Military organization The organiza tion of the Army into different units; the organization of the staff into exec utive, record, personnel, administration, operations, intelligence, supply, sani tary, signal, 'engineers, ordnance and other branches: march organization; march discipline, supplies, billeting. F t. camns. field cooking, transport, am- f munition, rations, etc.: organization of t armies by regulars. National Guard, home guard. Military law A brief study of mili tary law and the organization and pro cedure of courtsmartial. Mathematics courses for military training Advanced algebra, plane trig onometry, differential and integral calculus (introductory), differential and integral calculus (extended course for science and engineering), differen tial equations. First Aid Tanght. First aid Lectures in general anato my and physiology; practice in bandag ing and first aid to the injured; use of a few necessary drugs; methods of resuscitation from gas and drowning. Military hygiene and camp sanita tion: lectures on personal hygiene nec essary under war conditions, water supplies, methods of sewage disposal and other problems of sanitation. Economic geography Study of geog raphy in its broadest aspects: factors controlling commercial relations of the various countries with an intensive study of the more important nations, particularly those directly engaged in the present war. Special attention to the geography of the war and the topo graphic and economic factors in play I upon the different points. Military topography Field sketch ing, contouring, plane table work, practice in relief map making and ttto study of various other special problems. Six science coursos, designed for their military value, are being offered. They are general chemistry, electricity and magnetism, sound and light, advanced work in electricity . and magnetism. photography, applied electricity. Perspective Birdseye drawing, es pecially adapted to observation from hilltops, balloons, aeroplanes, etc. Graphic statics A course of especial value to engineers on emergency bridge and other construction work. Faculty Help Drafted. As instructors in all of these courses Colonel Leader has drafted into his service all of those members of the regular faculty who, by reason of spe cial training or study, are best quali fied to carry on the work, much in the same manner that he has organized the cadet battalion. Each of the four cadet comoanies and the band, an organization of 25 nieces. has iL fatudent commander and staff of subordinate officers, all chosen for the ability and initiative which they show. None of the officers, however, are giv en permanent appointments, for it is an important part of Colonel Leader's plan that every man be given a chance to show what he can do in command of a unit of men. When the work has reached a more advanced stage per manent appointments will be made, but those receiving them will act in the canscitv of instructors rather than bat talion officers. Arrangements have been made with the commanding of ficers at American Lake whereby a limited number of men whom Colonel Leader recommends will bo admitted to the officers' training camp there, not as candidates for commissions, but as students of special lines of military science, such as bombing, bayonet drill, musketry and military calisthenics and setting-up drills. These men will at tend the officers' school at the expense of the university and in the capacity of ex-officio stud-ems, living outside of the cantonment. They will be chosen from among the younger members of the faculty and the underclass students and will return to the university at the close of their period of training as in structors in the line of work in whica they have specialized. Men to Be Selected. It is expected that William Hay ward, acting head of the physical training department, and Dean Walker, director of intra-mural sports, who Is also assistant siting adjutant to Colonel Leader, will be the first men selected to attend tha Camp Lewis school. Befone rating as a reserve officers training camp can be secured tho uni versity battalion and the field works equipment must be inspected and ap proved by a regular Army officer. With this in view, all of the military work, is being rushed in anticipation bf a review by the commandant of the Western Department early in February. In the minds of Colonel Leader and others in close touch with the situation here and at other col leges where training camps have al ready been organized there is no doubt as to the result of the review. They are laying their plans with the self-assurance that the University of Oregon will be rated as a reserve officers" training camp within the coming few weeks. In that case the present courses in military instruction will be still more intensified, and it is probable that a Summer camp will b established on one of the rivers near Eugene, where cadets can come to the campus two or three times each week for drill in the trenches and system of field works being constructed. This is why Colonel Leader wants a battalion of 1000 men instead of .100, as he has at present. He wants a force lapse enough to justify spreading his operations out over the entire country around Eugene, and he wants to send the largest possible number of highly trained young men Into the fight against Germany. Special Provision Made. With the aim of being of the great est possible service to the country at this time, the university has made special provision whereby everyone i.t given an opportunity to secure the unusually valuable military training it has to offer. To all men subject to the next draft or who are on the reserve lists and waiting to be called the university is offering this preliminary training, which will greatly increase their chances for early advancement when they enter service. Men of ordinary intelligence who are eligible for mil itary service in the United States Army and who can give satisfactory proof of their serious intentions are being allowed to enten the university as spe cial military students upon the pay ment of a $5 entrance fee. No other fee is required. This arrangement sets aside the regular entrance require ments In this particular case, but tne right is reserved to reject on to drop at any time any applicant who Is not Judged capable of carrying on the work. The university authorities are tak ing advantage of every opportunity, however, to make one point very clear, namely, that under the present system no commissions as officers can bo gained through the military science department and that no guarantee is given that anyone will be sent to an officers' training camp. It is simply offering a highly specialized and highly efficient course in military training. When the officers', reserve training corps is organized on the campu wre will be opportunity either . in commissions directly at the university or to secure admission to one of the regular officers' training camps. Promotions will be granted according to merit alone and special military students will have the same standing in the competition for commissions as regularly enrolled students of the . university. Clarke County Buys Gravel Bed. RIDGEF1ELD, Wash., Jan. 26. (Spe cial.) George Powell, who lives north of town, has recently sold two acres of gravel land to Clarke County. A rock crusher will be installed there and this will be of great benefit to the roads around here. William Wlnglleld, who is road supervisor for this district, is responsible for this good roads move. t --' . rv . REDUCE YOUR FUEL BILL BUY The Manning Gas Maker Makes a Hydro-Carbon Gas for Cooking and Heating 96.5 Oxygen . 3.5 Kerosene Vapor Can be set into stove or range in ten minutes' time. DAILY DEMONSTRATION H. W. Manning Lighting & Supply Co. Inventors and Manufacturers. 63-63 y2 Sixth SL, Portland, Or. ntri a m."iT av- Woodstock 6 IN ONE Th Ledins Feature of th Lea dine Machine1 all harmontouHy combined tn one handBoma New Trouble-free 'Writing' Machine of the First Quality in which you will find your own favorite ftatur of your own favorite typewriter, and the others besides. THE WOODSTOCK TYPEWRITER AECY. 304 Oak Street. I A MESSAGE