THE
SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, JANUARY 20, 1918.
THE
Temple
as it was in
Christe
timo.
Mil If Slk t 1J
Will fc jEEJUBWlId
thEerapfc of SoIedbseidiiie?
pSU .' NORTH ' I
; " THE " ' N QR T H ErCx Vo'j'c H'
. . p- 1 1 jftM.- ' , 1 ' '-' v 1 1 :
Here Are Interesting Facts About
Actual Size of the Famous House
of Worship on Site Now Occupied
by the Mosque of Omar and Ques
tions That' Arise in Considering the
Restoration of the Historic Structure
it-
i
TEMPLUM
Solomon is
F" "HI!
r-wassser mj . n . - n
JUhJ
USE
i r :j . iji j k Ui
nr r rr i "t :7 , 1 1 i,
5rnryrio
? p njpTiic Mcts ' Court'" I 1 1 f
so
50LOM ON S
PORiCH
50VTH d.
077707 tSifJ'f IV3S 177 g
9
........ - w K ,
ft ' ' : ' if
.tlTfn l?l ags feiSi h3
,. UJ. ' I y!L-.-; . I fWl!?W t
V
Ocrzcr& ' Jey o'J7eS7770usJfos7ue o 077zas-J3u-077.z:Jzec5z'fe oflze Te777e of c 00772077.
7-t, . Z n.- j . . r r 73 r S . ' r 7- -7-1 .ji. -7-1. 7r 7 z? .
Ae ere of Ae Js-e cs? f2o ys-jue . 077. Ae dutfe 0pofffe Jyf 5Aoivs? sA 7Aj Jcfus-e.
BT ItEV. CT-ITTON HARBT LKVT.
NO mor will th dauichtars of
Judah "tianf their barpa upon
th wlllowt" and fue to sine
th Som of Zlon." for Jerusalem haa
com back to her own. or la about to
k reatored. It la exactly 184T yeara
eince the Roman lertona nnder Titua
beelea-ed and captured the Holy City,
taking; the treaaurea of the temple
back to Home. It la preclaely ZOSt
7ara since the Jewa, under the leader-
ahtp of Judah Macabee. drore out
Aatlorhua Epiphanea. the Syrian tyrant.
and cleansed and rededlcated the lem
pte at Jerusalem, thus Inatltutlne; the
restlTal of Chanukkah. or "rrdtdlca
lion, wnlch aa belns celebrated at
the very time when the British flae;
was raised oer the tower of Jerunalem.
The leaillna; statesmen of Great
Britain batt made speclflo and open
promtsea mat they will turn over .Pal
estine to the Jewa that the latter may
re-establish a Jewish state, and If that
word 1 kept and peace alone will
prove whether It is possible to keep
ibis solemn enaaccment many prob
lems will arise for the Jewa then tak
Inc part In the work of re-ea-.bliaa-
Birnt.
How treat only on of these problema
wiu be. namely, the rebulldlnc of the
Temple of Solomon, la demonstrated
ere- I'ndoubtedty It will be this le Tri
ple which will be rebuilt and not the
Temple of Zerubabel. which was a re
construction, completed 7 yeara after
the first one had been destroyed &
M. C). or the Temple of Herod, which
Was aa expansion of the latter.
A LOTcCkeriabeel Dsrasa.
Tndoubtedly one of the first alma
which the Jews will try to accomplish
will bo the rebuilding; of Solomon's
Temple npon the ery alt on which It
stood. There la complete .(rccmrnt
by scholars that the Temple of Solo
mon, aa described In the Books of
Klna-s and Chronlclea in the Bible,
stood npon the very apot now occupied
by the Mosque of Omar, or "Dome of
the Rock." aa It la called. !ecaus It
covers an enormoua rock (0 feet aquare.
which waa formerly the threshing;
floor of Araunah. until purchased by
lavid as the alto or the temple which
his son Solomon was to build after the
former's death.
Readers of the Bible will re-nember
tttat David waa forbidden to build this
temple because "his hands were full
of blood" and. therefore, all that David
rould do waa to save up silver and sod
for the building- of the "holy house"
and acquire the alte upon which It waa
to stand.
This temple was built durlnj four
years, belnr dedicated by Solomon In
the year B. C. 150.000 workmen
being employed upon Ita construction.
David had made one offering; of 100.
00 talents of gold and 1000 talents of
allver. according- to Chronlclea xxil. 14.
and a second offering of 3000 talents
of gold of Ophlr and 7000 talents of
silver, while the prlncea of Israel do
Bated 50oe talenta and 10.000 drama of
gold and 10.00 talents of silver, ac
cording to Chronlclea xxlx. 4.7. Jn
order that wa may grasp ihasa figures
wa have to ascertain the value of
talent. In Exodus xxxvlll. It. we learn
that a talent was J000 shekels, or 1500
ounces, and an ounce of gold Is ap
proximately :0 In the coin of th
I'nlted States, so a talent la $30,000.
Davld'a glfta and those of the prince
amounted to 103.000 talenta of gold
alone, or f 3.240.000.000. not to reckon
tne sliver, brass and iron, which was
equal to at least aa much : tore, or
total of probably more than $C.000,
000.000. It ia certain that Solomon
addrd to this sum. and It would be no
exaggeration to eatlmate the value of
the Solomonic Temple at the time It
waa completed at aomethlna; like tlO,
000.000.000 In the coinage of that day.
When we consider that the purchasing
value of money waa at leaat 10 timea
what It is today we can see that If the
Jews of the 10th century wish to re
construct the temple in the magnifi
cence of the ancient structure it will
cost something like 1 1 00.000.000.000.
There are many misconceptions clus
tered around the uses of the Temple of
bolomon. aa well as Its else, and the
else will help us to understand Ita uses,
more or less. The building proper waa
only to cublta long, from eaat to west,
cublta wide and 10 cublta high. In
side the walla, which were, of great
thickness, built of stone, lined with
cedar wood from the Lebanon and
heavily overlaid with aheet gold.
Archaeologists claim that the cubit
here used was the royal cubit of Baby
lonia, measuring about 1 foot 9 and
Inches. The length of the temple
then waa only 105 i-t feet, the width
li 6-1 J feet and a little over S: feet
high.
Thla Interior waa divided into two
chambers; the first the "hekaU" or
Holy l'lace. was 40 cubits long by 20
wide. It was entered at the eastern
end by a square door, 10 cublta In
breadth. At the Interior end of the
Holy Place waa an opening six cublta
wide, opening Into the "deblr." or Holy
of Holies, which measured SO cublta
squire.
The Holy of Holies waa also covered
by a veil or curtain of bysaus or linen,
in violet, purple and scarlet, embroid
ered with cherubim. On the doors
opening Into the Holy Place anf the
Holy of Hollea Solomon had figures of
cherubim, palm treea and blosjomlng
flowera carved In relief and overlaid
with gold. Within the "dcblr" even the
floor of !r wood waa covered with
plates of pure gold, and the front waa
closed with gold chains.
The Worship ef the Priewta.
It la stated In the Bible that only
once a year, and that waa on the
sacred day of atonement, the high
priest alone entered the "deblr," or
Holy of Holies, and during- the rt of
the year he and the priests worshipped
la the "hekal." or larger chamber of
the temple. But It must be quite evi
dent, on account 01 its size, that a
comparatively email number of per
sons rould enter at one time. Being
only 40 cubita long and 30 cubits wide,
it could have been utilised by the
priests only, and the ordinary Israel
ites were not allowed to go any fur
ther than the Court of Sacrifice, which
waa outside of the tempi proper.
According to the Bible, It was tie
duty of every adult male Israelite to
visit the temple three times a year, on
the feasts of Passover, Pentecost and
Tabernacles, and as there were as many
as 60U.00O grown men in the time of
Solomon it was physically impossible
for them to be received anywhere
save In the spacious courts. Thie was
a court of the priests In which stood
the altar of Incense, the irolden lavers
In which they performed their ablutions
before entering; the temple, and the
molten sea. Here, too, waa the great
altar of sacrifice, on which the obla
tions brought by the people were
burned.
There were other extensive courts,
such as the "Court of the Women" and
the "Court of the Gentiles," so that
the temple and all of its outlying;
structures covered a considerable space,
or it would have been impossible to
accommodate the largo number of
priests and people who came thither
from all over Palestine.
Th3 problem of rebuilding- the temple
is not, however, confined to questions
of labor and expenditure of money. A
very practical question will be what
are the builders to do with the mag
nificent Mosque of Omar which now
covers ' the sacred stone, or Sakhrah,
and is acknowledged to be one of the
finest types of Moorish architecture in
the world. Will it be removed bodily
to some other site, or will it be ut
terly destroyed? The latter woulu be
most deplorable, and would hardly be
countenanced by lovers- of the beauti
ful. 'While this building was begun
by the Caliph Omar, it was later re
built in its present form by Caliph
Abdalmalik (684), and is a monument
which should not be obliterated.
There are other important questions
which will undoubtedly be raised if the
temple is to be rebuilt. While the
Orthodox Jews have in their ritual a
prayer in which they pray for the res
toration of Palestine and the rebuild
ing of the temple, it is hardly probable
that at this stage in the world's civi
lization the Jews would wish to return
to that primitive stage of worship
marked by a cult of animal sacrifices. 1 work
No modern man or woman believes future.
that his sins will be forplven if hel
brings a bullock, a ram or a lamb, cuts
Its throat and burns a part of it upon
an altar.
It may be presumed, therefore, that
much of the temple would be different.
and in all probability it would have
to be built upon a fa. grander scale,
so as to accommodate the orwshipera
who would no lonqer permit them
selves to be shut, out to a court by a
group of priests, who reserve the build,
ing for their own worship
If a democracy result as a conse
quence of the resettlement of the Holy
Land by a considerable number of
Jews which might in time reach the
number of 1,000,000, and this would re
quire at least 10 years if they are to
be self-supporting it would probably
be modeled upon the United States
system of government, and as a result
would be a real democracy, with only
small privileges reserved for any
priesthood which might be instituted.
Nothing will be attempted, we may
be sure, until peace has been declared,
for none can anticipate the terms of
settlement, and there are neither the
men nor the means for any extensive
in Palestine in the immediate
Auction Bridge-
m w a"
C NQUIRER" wishes to know if
I duplicate auction la being played
much; also as to the proper
management of duplicate trays. This
question comes aa a timely reminder,
aa for some weeka I have been intending-
to treat thla particular subject.
During the past two or three "yeara
duplicate auction baa grained much in
favor, and among- Advanced players at
the present time ia played almost, if
not quite, to the exclusion of the
straight game. While It la not con
tended that it Is as good a test of
skill aa duplicate whist, which ia gen
erally conceded to offer the brat test
of any card game ever devised, it is
nevertheless an Interesting form of
play, and when results are afterwards
compared and the hands discussed can
be made productive of much benefit.
In duplicate whist the trump, hearts.
clubs, diamonds or spades, aa the case
may be. is either settled upon before
hand, or the last card In dealing- is
turned and marks the trump for the
particular deal. The same trump, there
fore, applies In the overplay as in the
original, and comparisons bear simply
upon the play. In auction this is not
necessarily the case, and fully as much.
If not more, depends upon the declara
tion and Ita particular value aa upon
the play and management of the band.
Temperaaaeait la Factor.
A bid at auction depends to a greater
or less extent upon temperament, and
the particular amount of risk one is
willing to run, some players passing
upon a hand upon which others may
call no trumps and perhaps come out
with a sweeping score. A declaration
which nothing In the hand or the state
of the score (the two controlling- ele
ments In determining the merit or a
bid) warrants, at times will turn out
well because It happens to strike a
happy combination in the hand of the
partner, while a bid which is entirely
warrantable may meet wx.th defeat be
cause ot tne lack or neip irom tne
artner.
Then, too, the question of a lead ob
tains in duplicate auction and mate
rially, can affect results just the same
as In duplicate whist. The adversary
may have two equally good leads. He
makes the one lead and it turns out to
the player's advantage: he makes the
other and it turns out to his disad
vantage. Yet "this does not prove
skill, or lack of skill, on the part of
either player or the adversary.
It Is simply the element of luck
which It is Impossible to overcome and
which renders even duplicate whist
susceptible to certain flaws. Instances
have been known in duplicate whist
where the difference of a lead involved
a difference of six tricks. In auction
it can readily be seen how such a dis
crepancy could affect the score.
How tm Profit Is Told.
What I am trying to emphasize is
that less dependence can be placed
upon results at duplicate auction than
at duplicate whist, and the fact that
one side has a score greatly in excess
of the opposing side does not neces
sarily prove that they are better or
more dependable players. So. in com
paring results, one's aim should be con
sistently and conscientiously to .dis
cover which of the two opposing poli
cies, regardless of score, is in reality
the better and in the majority of cares
will work to the greatest good. When
this is done the game can be made
most profitable.
My readera may bo Interested In
learning that pivoting among the bet
ter class of players has become prac
tically obsolete. In cases where it is
not previously agreed to play through
out with one player as partner (usually
the one determined by cutting), all
players at the conclusion of a rubber to
cut again and take their chances. Pivot
ing is playing a certain number of
deals, perhaps a rubber, with one play
er as partner, then a certain number of
deals with another player, and finally
with the remaining player. In this way
each player plays in turn with each of
the other players and obtains an indi
vidual score. Pivoting certainly had
its disadvantages, yet there was a cer
tain advantage also connected with the
custom. For one thing, a good player,
if cutting in with an inferior one. could
possess his soul in patience, knowing
his probation would be short and that
each of the other players in . turn
would undergo a like experience.
Trajs Played la Order.
Now as to the management of dupli
cate trays. When the players are
ready to begin a tray usually tray No,
1. it being customary in tne original
to play the trays in regular numerical
order is placed in the center of the
table, with the stars or arrow, or
whatever device the tray may contain
for the purpose, pointing in a certain
direction, say to the player who sits
to the north. In whichever direction
It may point, all the trays in the orig
inal play must point in the same direction.
If the tray already contains cards,
they are removed and shuffled, cut and
dealt in regular order from left to right.
each player receiving his usual quota.
13. If there are no cards in tne tray
a pack, of cards is shuttled, cut and
dealt in the ordinary manner. It is not
permissible to arrange the hands be
fore the play begins. An index on the
tray points to the dealer, and the trays
are so devised that all players have an
eaual number of deals.
In order that the cards of each player
be kept intact, as they are to be played
again, they are not. as in tne ordinary
game, played in tho center of the table
and then gathered in a packet ana
placed In front of the partner of the
player winning the trick, but each
player in turn plays his card, face up
ward, directly in front of him. When
all four have played to the trick each
player places his card, face downward,
to his left. He places it lengthwise if
his side has won the trick; sidewise if
won by the adversaries. As each
player's entire 13 cards are to be so
placed some space is required and it is
well to begin at one's extreme left and
slightly overlap the cards. At the con
clusion of the play all cards poIntingH
upright show the number or tricks tne
particular side has won; those point
ing in the reverse position the number
of tricks lost.
Rubber Game Eliminated.
If the count of the two sides does
not correspond, the cards belonging to
the particular trick in dispute must be
examined, to see which side is in er
ror. With a little care and experience.
it will be found that errors in this re
gard will occur but seldom. When the
scores' have been recorded, the several
hands must be slightly shuffled and
placed in the aperture to which they
belong. The particular tray ia then
laid aside and the one next in order
taken.
This process is repeated until all
have been played. The rubber game,
it must be borne in mind, is eliminated
from duplicate auction, each hand be
ing complete in Itself. In lieu of the
rubber bonus, a bonus of one hundred
and twenty-five (125) points Is given
to the winners of a game; this score.
as ail scores, save trick scores won
by the player when he has made good,
to be recorded in the honor column.
In the overplay it is not advisable
that the trays be played in numerical
order, as is usually done in the origi
nal, but that they be picked up and
played at random. Otherwise some
idlosyncracy of a hand could be the
more easily recalled and a player the
more readily able to take advantage
of it. Great care must be observed in
the overplay that the arrow or stare
point one point to the left from what
they did in the original. That is to
say, if in the original they pointed to
the north, yi the overplay they point
to the east. , In this way, the hands
played by the north and south players
the original are now played by the
east and west players, and vice versa.
Single Tables IV ot Advised.
In playing duplicate it is desirable
that more than one table be engaged,
unless by preconceived arrangement
the original hande only are played at
one sitting, and the overplay reserved
for some future time,. Other wise there,
is the danger that certain hands will
be remembered and the game resolve
itself into a test of memory rather
than skill. Single table duplicate is
in fact known as mnemonic or memory
duplicate, and except under conditions
as above stipulated, is not played
among the better class of players. In
auction, because of the exposed hand,
it is easier to remember the hands than
in whist; yet even in whist single
table duplicate was entirely taboo by
expert players. Just what is gained
by trying to take advantage of some
peculiarity of a hand that one happens
to remember is, however, somewhat
problematical, while it ia known th
there are occasional handa con
cerning which memory and the conse
quent variation from regular play has
served one a good purpose (if taking
advantage of anything of the sort may
strictly speaking, be said to serve
good purpose). Cases are also known
where egregious errors have resulted
from the effort to recognize and take
advantage of eorae peculiarity in
hand.-'
In my next paper I will speak of
compass or progressive duplicate, in
which a number of tables engage.
VIVISECTION ISSUE RAISED
Opponents Protest Against Red Cross
Appropriation of $100,000.
NEW YORK, Jan. 10. The National
Anti-Vivisection Federation, of which
Ge'orge Arliss, the actor, is president,
has made a protest to the Red Cross at
Washington "against the appropriation
of $100,000 for the support of vivisection.
The federation contended, in a tele
gram of protest, that this Red Cross
fund had been contributed by the pub
lic without knowing that it would be
applied for the purpose of vivisection.
In Jusification of its stand tne ttea
Cross Society answered the telegram
with a long letter, in which it gives its
reason for the appropriation.
The supreme aim of the Red Cross,
the statement says, is to relieve hu
man suffering growing out of the "war.
The War Council was advised from the
ablest professional resource available
that an appropriation for medical re
search would contribute toward that
end. Numerous problems relating to
the treatment of wounds, trench fever.
Infectious jaundice, nephritis and a
great variety of other diseases are still
to be worked out.
The solution of such problems will
not only contribute toward the relief
of suffering, but toward more effective
prosecution of the war. The Red Cross
says it is confident that ltis action
wiU be justified by the great fculk of
the American people.
With this the Anti-Viviseotion Fed
eration takes sharp issue. It declares
that It the Red Cross', project is Xul-1
filled it will consume the time of med
ical men in the service of the Govern
ment who should be busy with the al
ways efficacious sanitary provisions.
It will produce, the federation avers,
more serums like the many that now
are being produced in this country as
a deliberate commercial enterprise, and
it will cause the Illness and death of
many soldiers. Further, it will cause
the inhumane suffering of many ani
mals. The federation says also that it can
not agree with the Red Cross state
ment that vivisection will contribute
to the solution of the problems now
baffling the medical profession. Ex
periments, it adds, give no results on
which to base such expectations.
WOMEN WORK AT MINES
Clerical Positions at Susquehanna
Collieries No Longer Filled by Men.
MOUNT CARMEL, Pa., Jan. 10. 1
Through the scarcity of laborers at
the mines of the Susquehanna Collieries
Company, Mrs. Cora VanGasken, of
Shamokin. becomes the first weight
mistress in the anthracite region. Mrs.
VanGasken has been placed in charga
of weighing coal at the Cameron colliery.
At the same time superintendent
William Auman announced the appoint
ment of seven other women and girls
to clerical positions. Men formerly em
ployed in the offices have been as
signed to positions made vacant
through the enlistment or drafting.
Men about the mines, once adverse to
women employes about the operations,
have patriotically dropped their oppo
sition.
To Have Perfect Skin
Throughout the Winter
These days the face and hands need spe
cial care and attention. Strong winds,
quick changes of temperature from Indoors
to outdoors, are severe on the skin. Their
despoiling effect are best overcome by the
application of pure mercolized wax. Thta
keeps skin and pores In a cleanly condition,
the complexion beautifully white and spot
lens. Chapped, reddened, blotchy and rough
ened cuticle are actually absorbed by it. One
ounce of mercolized wax. obtainable at any
drug store. Is sufficient to completely reno
vate a weatherbeaten complexion. It is
used like cold cream, allowed to remain on
over night, and washed off in the morning.
As the skin tends to expand in a warm
atmosphere, cheeks and chin to sag and
wrinkles to form, a good astringent lotion
should be used by the woman who keeps
pretty much indoors these days. Dissolve
one ounce powdered saxolite in one-hnlf
pint witch hazel. Bathe the face in this
momlnKs or before going out for theatr
or social affair. It Is a remarkable skill
tightener and wrinkle eraser.