THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, JANUARY 20, 1918. THE Temple as it was in Christe timo. Mil If Slk t 1J Will fc jEEJUBWlId thEerapfc of SoIedbseidiiie? pSU .' NORTH ' I ; " THE " ' N QR T H ErCx Vo'j'c H' . . p- 1 1 jftM.- ' , 1 ' '-' v 1 1 : Here Are Interesting Facts About Actual Size of the Famous House of Worship on Site Now Occupied by the Mosque of Omar and Ques tions That' Arise in Considering the Restoration of the Historic Structure it- i TEMPLUM Solomon is F" "HI! r-wassser mj . n . - n JUhJ USE i r :j . iji j k Ui nr r rr i "t :7 , 1 1 i, 5rnryrio ? p njpTiic Mcts ' Court'" I 1 1 f so 50LOM ON S PORiCH 50VTH d. 077707 tSifJ'f IV3S 177 g 9 ........ - w K , ft ' ' : ' if .tlTfn l?l ags feiSi h3 ,. UJ. ' I y!L-.-; . I fWl!?W t V Ocrzcr& ' Jey o'J7eS7770usJfos7ue o 077zas-J3u-077.z:Jzec5z'fe oflze Te777e of c 00772077. 7-t, . Z n.- j . . r r 73 r S . ' r 7- -7-1 .ji. -7-1. 7r 7 z? . Ae ere of Ae Js-e cs? f2o ys-jue . 077. Ae dutfe 0pofffe Jyf 5Aoivs? sA 7Aj Jcfus-e. BT ItEV. CT-ITTON HARBT LKVT. NO mor will th dauichtars of Judah "tianf their barpa upon th wlllowt" and fue to sine th Som of Zlon." for Jerusalem haa com back to her own. or la about to k reatored. It la exactly 184T yeara eince the Roman lertona nnder Titua beelea-ed and captured the Holy City, taking; the treaaurea of the temple back to Home. It la preclaely ZOSt 7ara since the Jewa, under the leader- ahtp of Judah Macabee. drore out Aatlorhua Epiphanea. the Syrian tyrant. and cleansed and rededlcated the lem pte at Jerusalem, thus Inatltutlne; the restlTal of Chanukkah. or "rrdtdlca lion, wnlch aa belns celebrated at the very time when the British flae; was raised oer the tower of Jerunalem. The leaillna; statesmen of Great Britain batt made speclflo and open promtsea mat they will turn over .Pal estine to the Jewa that the latter may re-establish a Jewish state, and If that word 1 kept and peace alone will prove whether It is possible to keep ibis solemn enaaccment many prob lems will arise for the Jewa then tak Inc part In the work of re-ea-.bliaa- Birnt. How treat only on of these problema wiu be. namely, the rebulldlnc of the Temple of Solomon, la demonstrated ere- I'ndoubtedty It will be this le Tri ple which will be rebuilt and not the Temple of Zerubabel. which was a re construction, completed 7 yeara after the first one had been destroyed & M. C). or the Temple of Herod, which Was aa expansion of the latter. A LOTcCkeriabeel Dsrasa. Tndoubtedly one of the first alma which the Jews will try to accomplish will bo the rebuilding; of Solomon's Temple npon the ery alt on which It stood. There la complete .(rccmrnt by scholars that the Temple of Solo mon, aa described In the Books of Klna-s and Chronlclea in the Bible, stood npon the very apot now occupied by the Mosque of Omar, or "Dome of the Rock." aa It la called. !ecaus It covers an enormoua rock (0 feet aquare. which waa formerly the threshing; floor of Araunah. until purchased by lavid as the alto or the temple which his son Solomon was to build after the former's death. Readers of the Bible will re-nember tttat David waa forbidden to build this temple because "his hands were full of blood" and. therefore, all that David rould do waa to save up silver and sod for the building- of the "holy house" and acquire the alte upon which It waa to stand. This temple was built durlnj four years, belnr dedicated by Solomon In the year B. C. 150.000 workmen being employed upon Ita construction. David had made one offering; of 100. 00 talents of gold and 1000 talents of allver. according- to Chronlclea xxil. 14. and a second offering of 3000 talents of gold of Ophlr and 7000 talents of silver, while the prlncea of Israel do Bated 50oe talenta and 10.000 drama of gold and 10.00 talents of silver, ac cording to Chronlclea xxlx. 4.7. Jn order that wa may grasp ihasa figures wa have to ascertain the value of talent. In Exodus xxxvlll. It. we learn that a talent was J000 shekels, or 1500 ounces, and an ounce of gold Is ap proximately :0 In the coin of th I'nlted States, so a talent la $30,000. Davld'a glfta and those of the prince amounted to 103.000 talenta of gold alone, or f 3.240.000.000. not to reckon tne sliver, brass and iron, which was equal to at least aa much : tore, or total of probably more than $C.000, 000.000. It ia certain that Solomon addrd to this sum. and It would be no exaggeration to eatlmate the value of the Solomonic Temple at the time It waa completed at aomethlna; like tlO, 000.000.000 In the coinage of that day. When we consider that the purchasing value of money waa at leaat 10 timea what It is today we can see that If the Jews of the 10th century wish to re construct the temple in the magnifi cence of the ancient structure it will cost something like 1 1 00.000.000.000. There are many misconceptions clus tered around the uses of the Temple of bolomon. aa well as Its else, and the else will help us to understand Ita uses, more or less. The building proper waa only to cublta long, from eaat to west, cublta wide and 10 cublta high. In side the walla, which were, of great thickness, built of stone, lined with cedar wood from the Lebanon and heavily overlaid with aheet gold. Archaeologists claim that the cubit here used was the royal cubit of Baby lonia, measuring about 1 foot 9 and Inches. The length of the temple then waa only 105 i-t feet, the width li 6-1 J feet and a little over S: feet high. Thla Interior waa divided into two chambers; the first the "hekaU" or Holy l'lace. was 40 cubits long by 20 wide. It was entered at the eastern end by a square door, 10 cublta In breadth. At the Interior end of the Holy Place waa an opening six cublta wide, opening Into the "deblr." or Holy of Holies, which measured SO cublta squire. The Holy of Holies waa also covered by a veil or curtain of bysaus or linen, in violet, purple and scarlet, embroid ered with cherubim. On the doors opening Into the Holy Place anf the Holy of Hollea Solomon had figures of cherubim, palm treea and blosjomlng flowera carved In relief and overlaid with gold. Within the "dcblr" even the floor of !r wood waa covered with plates of pure gold, and the front waa closed with gold chains. The Worship ef the Priewta. It la stated In the Bible that only once a year, and that waa on the sacred day of atonement, the high priest alone entered the "deblr," or Holy of Holies, and during- the rt of the year he and the priests worshipped la the "hekal." or larger chamber of the temple. But It must be quite evi dent, on account 01 its size, that a comparatively email number of per sons rould enter at one time. Being only 40 cubita long and 30 cubits wide, it could have been utilised by the priests only, and the ordinary Israel ites were not allowed to go any fur ther than the Court of Sacrifice, which waa outside of the tempi proper. According to the Bible, It was tie duty of every adult male Israelite to visit the temple three times a year, on the feasts of Passover, Pentecost and Tabernacles, and as there were as many as 60U.00O grown men in the time of Solomon it was physically impossible for them to be received anywhere save In the spacious courts. Thie was a court of the priests In which stood the altar of Incense, the irolden lavers In which they performed their ablutions before entering; the temple, and the molten sea. Here, too, waa the great altar of sacrifice, on which the obla tions brought by the people were burned. There were other extensive courts, such as the "Court of the Women" and the "Court of the Gentiles," so that the temple and all of its outlying; structures covered a considerable space, or it would have been impossible to accommodate the largo number of priests and people who came thither from all over Palestine. Th3 problem of rebuilding- the temple is not, however, confined to questions of labor and expenditure of money. A very practical question will be what are the builders to do with the mag nificent Mosque of Omar which now covers ' the sacred stone, or Sakhrah, and is acknowledged to be one of the finest types of Moorish architecture in the world. Will it be removed bodily to some other site, or will it be ut terly destroyed? The latter woulu be most deplorable, and would hardly be countenanced by lovers- of the beauti ful. 'While this building was begun by the Caliph Omar, it was later re built in its present form by Caliph Abdalmalik (684), and is a monument which should not be obliterated. There are other important questions which will undoubtedly be raised if the temple is to be rebuilt. While the Orthodox Jews have in their ritual a prayer in which they pray for the res toration of Palestine and the rebuild ing of the temple, it is hardly probable that at this stage in the world's civi lization the Jews would wish to return to that primitive stage of worship marked by a cult of animal sacrifices. 1 work No modern man or woman believes future. that his sins will be forplven if hel brings a bullock, a ram or a lamb, cuts Its throat and burns a part of it upon an altar. It may be presumed, therefore, that much of the temple would be different. and in all probability it would have to be built upon a fa. grander scale, so as to accommodate the orwshipera who would no lonqer permit them selves to be shut, out to a court by a group of priests, who reserve the build, ing for their own worship If a democracy result as a conse quence of the resettlement of the Holy Land by a considerable number of Jews which might in time reach the number of 1,000,000, and this would re quire at least 10 years if they are to be self-supporting it would probably be modeled upon the United States system of government, and as a result would be a real democracy, with only small privileges reserved for any priesthood which might be instituted. Nothing will be attempted, we may be sure, until peace has been declared, for none can anticipate the terms of settlement, and there are neither the men nor the means for any extensive in Palestine in the immediate Auction Bridge- m w a" C NQUIRER" wishes to know if I duplicate auction la being played much; also as to the proper management of duplicate trays. This question comes aa a timely reminder, aa for some weeka I have been intending- to treat thla particular subject. During the past two or three "yeara duplicate auction baa grained much in favor, and among- Advanced players at the present time ia played almost, if not quite, to the exclusion of the straight game. While It la not con tended that it Is as good a test of skill aa duplicate whist, which ia gen erally conceded to offer the brat test of any card game ever devised, it is nevertheless an Interesting form of play, and when results are afterwards compared and the hands discussed can be made productive of much benefit. In duplicate whist the trump, hearts. clubs, diamonds or spades, aa the case may be. is either settled upon before hand, or the last card In dealing- is turned and marks the trump for the particular deal. The same trump, there fore, applies In the overplay as in the original, and comparisons bear simply upon the play. In auction this is not necessarily the case, and fully as much. If not more, depends upon the declara tion and Ita particular value aa upon the play and management of the band. Temperaaaeait la Factor. A bid at auction depends to a greater or less extent upon temperament, and the particular amount of risk one is willing to run, some players passing upon a hand upon which others may call no trumps and perhaps come out with a sweeping score. A declaration which nothing In the hand or the state of the score (the two controlling- ele ments In determining the merit or a bid) warrants, at times will turn out well because It happens to strike a happy combination in the hand of the partner, while a bid which is entirely warrantable may meet wx.th defeat be cause ot tne lack or neip irom tne artner. Then, too, the question of a lead ob tains in duplicate auction and mate rially, can affect results just the same as In duplicate whist. The adversary may have two equally good leads. He makes the one lead and it turns out to the player's advantage: he makes the other and it turns out to his disad vantage. Yet "this does not prove skill, or lack of skill, on the part of either player or the adversary. It Is simply the element of luck which It is Impossible to overcome and which renders even duplicate whist susceptible to certain flaws. Instances have been known in duplicate whist where the difference of a lead involved a difference of six tricks. In auction it can readily be seen how such a dis crepancy could affect the score. How tm Profit Is Told. What I am trying to emphasize is that less dependence can be placed upon results at duplicate auction than at duplicate whist, and the fact that one side has a score greatly in excess of the opposing side does not neces sarily prove that they are better or more dependable players. So. in com paring results, one's aim should be con sistently and conscientiously to .dis cover which of the two opposing poli cies, regardless of score, is in reality the better and in the majority of cares will work to the greatest good. When this is done the game can be made most profitable. My readera may bo Interested In learning that pivoting among the bet ter class of players has become prac tically obsolete. In cases where it is not previously agreed to play through out with one player as partner (usually the one determined by cutting), all players at the conclusion of a rubber to cut again and take their chances. Pivot ing is playing a certain number of deals, perhaps a rubber, with one play er as partner, then a certain number of deals with another player, and finally with the remaining player. In this way each player plays in turn with each of the other players and obtains an indi vidual score. Pivoting certainly had its disadvantages, yet there was a cer tain advantage also connected with the custom. For one thing, a good player, if cutting in with an inferior one. could possess his soul in patience, knowing his probation would be short and that each of the other players in . turn would undergo a like experience. Trajs Played la Order. Now as to the management of dupli cate trays. When the players are ready to begin a tray usually tray No, 1. it being customary in tne original to play the trays in regular numerical order is placed in the center of the table, with the stars or arrow, or whatever device the tray may contain for the purpose, pointing in a certain direction, say to the player who sits to the north. In whichever direction It may point, all the trays in the orig inal play must point in the same direction. If the tray already contains cards, they are removed and shuffled, cut and dealt in regular order from left to right. each player receiving his usual quota. 13. If there are no cards in tne tray a pack, of cards is shuttled, cut and dealt in the ordinary manner. It is not permissible to arrange the hands be fore the play begins. An index on the tray points to the dealer, and the trays are so devised that all players have an eaual number of deals. In order that the cards of each player be kept intact, as they are to be played again, they are not. as in tne ordinary game, played in tho center of the table and then gathered in a packet ana placed In front of the partner of the player winning the trick, but each player in turn plays his card, face up ward, directly in front of him. When all four have played to the trick each player places his card, face downward, to his left. He places it lengthwise if his side has won the trick; sidewise if won by the adversaries. As each player's entire 13 cards are to be so placed some space is required and it is well to begin at one's extreme left and slightly overlap the cards. At the con clusion of the play all cards poIntingH upright show the number or tricks tne particular side has won; those point ing in the reverse position the number of tricks lost. Rubber Game Eliminated. If the count of the two sides does not correspond, the cards belonging to the particular trick in dispute must be examined, to see which side is in er ror. With a little care and experience. it will be found that errors in this re gard will occur but seldom. When the scores' have been recorded, the several hands must be slightly shuffled and placed in the aperture to which they belong. The particular tray ia then laid aside and the one next in order taken. This process is repeated until all have been played. The rubber game, it must be borne in mind, is eliminated from duplicate auction, each hand be ing complete in Itself. In lieu of the rubber bonus, a bonus of one hundred and twenty-five (125) points Is given to the winners of a game; this score. as ail scores, save trick scores won by the player when he has made good, to be recorded in the honor column. In the overplay it is not advisable that the trays be played in numerical order, as is usually done in the origi nal, but that they be picked up and played at random. Otherwise some idlosyncracy of a hand could be the more easily recalled and a player the more readily able to take advantage of it. Great care must be observed in the overplay that the arrow or stare point one point to the left from what they did in the original. That is to say, if in the original they pointed to the north, yi the overplay they point to the east. , In this way, the hands played by the north and south players the original are now played by the east and west players, and vice versa. Single Tables IV ot Advised. In playing duplicate it is desirable that more than one table be engaged, unless by preconceived arrangement the original hande only are played at one sitting, and the overplay reserved for some future time,. Other wise there, is the danger that certain hands will be remembered and the game resolve itself into a test of memory rather than skill. Single table duplicate is in fact known as mnemonic or memory duplicate, and except under conditions as above stipulated, is not played among the better class of players. In auction, because of the exposed hand, it is easier to remember the hands than in whist; yet even in whist single table duplicate was entirely taboo by expert players. Just what is gained by trying to take advantage of some peculiarity of a hand that one happens to remember is, however, somewhat problematical, while it ia known th there are occasional handa con cerning which memory and the conse quent variation from regular play has served one a good purpose (if taking advantage of anything of the sort may strictly speaking, be said to serve good purpose). Cases are also known where egregious errors have resulted from the effort to recognize and take advantage of eorae peculiarity in hand.-' In my next paper I will speak of compass or progressive duplicate, in which a number of tables engage. VIVISECTION ISSUE RAISED Opponents Protest Against Red Cross Appropriation of $100,000. NEW YORK, Jan. 10. The National Anti-Vivisection Federation, of which Ge'orge Arliss, the actor, is president, has made a protest to the Red Cross at Washington "against the appropriation of $100,000 for the support of vivisection. The federation contended, in a tele gram of protest, that this Red Cross fund had been contributed by the pub lic without knowing that it would be applied for the purpose of vivisection. In Jusification of its stand tne ttea Cross Society answered the telegram with a long letter, in which it gives its reason for the appropriation. The supreme aim of the Red Cross, the statement says, is to relieve hu man suffering growing out of the "war. The War Council was advised from the ablest professional resource available that an appropriation for medical re search would contribute toward that end. Numerous problems relating to the treatment of wounds, trench fever. Infectious jaundice, nephritis and a great variety of other diseases are still to be worked out. The solution of such problems will not only contribute toward the relief of suffering, but toward more effective prosecution of the war. The Red Cross says it is confident that ltis action wiU be justified by the great fculk of the American people. With this the Anti-Viviseotion Fed eration takes sharp issue. It declares that It the Red Cross', project is Xul-1 filled it will consume the time of med ical men in the service of the Govern ment who should be busy with the al ways efficacious sanitary provisions. It will produce, the federation avers, more serums like the many that now are being produced in this country as a deliberate commercial enterprise, and it will cause the Illness and death of many soldiers. Further, it will cause the inhumane suffering of many ani mals. The federation says also that it can not agree with the Red Cross state ment that vivisection will contribute to the solution of the problems now baffling the medical profession. Ex periments, it adds, give no results on which to base such expectations. WOMEN WORK AT MINES Clerical Positions at Susquehanna Collieries No Longer Filled by Men. MOUNT CARMEL, Pa., Jan. 10. 1 Through the scarcity of laborers at the mines of the Susquehanna Collieries Company, Mrs. Cora VanGasken, of Shamokin. becomes the first weight mistress in the anthracite region. Mrs. VanGasken has been placed in charga of weighing coal at the Cameron colliery. At the same time superintendent William Auman announced the appoint ment of seven other women and girls to clerical positions. Men formerly em ployed in the offices have been as signed to positions made vacant through the enlistment or drafting. Men about the mines, once adverse to women employes about the operations, have patriotically dropped their oppo sition. To Have Perfect Skin Throughout the Winter These days the face and hands need spe cial care and attention. Strong winds, quick changes of temperature from Indoors to outdoors, are severe on the skin. Their despoiling effect are best overcome by the application of pure mercolized wax. Thta keeps skin and pores In a cleanly condition, the complexion beautifully white and spot lens. Chapped, reddened, blotchy and rough ened cuticle are actually absorbed by it. One ounce of mercolized wax. obtainable at any drug store. Is sufficient to completely reno vate a weatherbeaten complexion. It is used like cold cream, allowed to remain on over night, and washed off in the morning. As the skin tends to expand in a warm atmosphere, cheeks and chin to sag and wrinkles to form, a good astringent lotion should be used by the woman who keeps pretty much indoors these days. Dissolve one ounce powdered saxolite in one-hnlf pint witch hazel. Bathe the face in this momlnKs or before going out for theatr or social affair. It Is a remarkable skill tightener and wrinkle eraser.