THE SUIVDAY OREGOXIA1Y, PORTLAND, JANUARY 13, 1918.
StatisticalSearchligf-itTurmld Cm American Cities
byReed College Students
Comparative Value of Portland's Dollar;
Revelations on Church Attendance and Bach
elorhood Among Civic Matters Investigated
RANK OF CITIES
Portland Is Shown by the Survey to Be in
the Front Rank of American Cities" as a
Desirable Habitat
-a
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COST OF LIVING
Index number of the retail seCinf price f
tereBteen food commodities in 1914.
What f 1.16 will buy in these food in Birmkr
ham. 90.97 win buy In MinneapoUs.
1 KiSaeeewta flT MHHBHi
asaaasssnsaaaeaTi
sr.
TJ
IU
vl J
NJ
loo
I Dewnr
4 X.lwta
g Oinw as)
Dml
T St-Lsai
rwUaaeLOrw-
i Mum
II ani
13 s:LaCfcy
13 rae
l KtiMi Ctrr, ate.
IS'Mse4'ie
i neatue
ir frsr'K. n.
t( laliaaspoias
ft Mu
:4 Fitt'kwf
'' SaS fMlU
rVswe.
31 Loeivil
I Vmtfl
;"3 ew Hawe
23 fwi4rtW
34 Jaaaara
IS Kewark
M fcraivsi.
1MJ ,
10IJ
1014
JMJ
1W4
ICS I
ICl-t
1U.S
,!.
1(H
KM.4
1M
T'4J
IMt
104
3w.
19TJ
114
10
1"9
110 J
1 10 J
-I'.ra
111
1144
11X1
JTJJTERACY
ferventag of population tea year old and
over unaote u wnie, in lain.
Seattle 1J SB
rmMi.or is m
Salt lath Cay 14
4 Lo Agele l.t H
ft. pi J sBSs
au rrmiM at mm .
Dw 3-1 mm
iKHMCkr.Kk :i mm
W rsj
3 El" s
H.OmIi -
II Iuilk
II MwirtM,
14 St.. U '
Basal .
14 Bate
BaJUM IIS ,
It Cakage.
ClrrelaSS
-1 VvlxsMa, D. C
l4Tivt0s
(mrk
r Srt Trk at'
,9 - ,
' Phrrideae
33 Xcmnais
13 Aliuia
34 Saraetaw
U Birwiacasai
i ntiloMA C
2-4 H .
. MMBV .
- ta
x mmwm
IT- mmmm
s.r mmmm
4.4- rasaw
4J JBOBH '
44
4.T BBM
MM
.i nnitH
T-S MBaanBBH
f .r mBSHHMa' .
: MMMM
104 MMBMH
iu HuaaaaBBnaaHM
-Seattle. niniiDncinnffiiinnjniinniniinn
salt LAKEcnraiciannnonnnnonnHnan
denve'R. . nnnn?p"n;PjnpnGgnnnn
LOS ANGLLES BBDDBBDBnaDaDn
Washington oannnannnnnsnnnDOD
P0RTiND0RLaoonnanEinncnc3OC2noE!i
Minneapolis E3aDoaaQnnnanniia
Cincinnati .onQnfeaaraissnnoHaniiiia
San FRANciscdnnnQanEonaasDonaa
tannnDEonanGannncB
r ei s n c ra cia o n a a
kansas ciTYranr3c:z:t3ant3aEziacz3naanci
ST LOUIS CUCQnDaBEQanHHH
CBccascaBDcsaaDnankaB
ST PAUL,
OMAHA
BOSTON
cleveland
Buffalo
MILWAUKEE.
N EWAR.K.'
T"
inn l(Ii like Mfmciiii
of old-tyi macaroni, but thlr
toum acro the pa(r of the
Reed Collrire Record rune true a a
pltimbllne for tht are the embodi
ment of hlsbty important atatUUc.
thoe )lnd tralna of little black
quarea. In them Is not a little of the
Starch of proacreaa, the backsliding; -of
cirle re trocrsKatoQ. and comrontrjr xn
both for they represent the results of
a slatlntlcnl study of American cities.
mae by stadenls of Reed Col!r. of
fortland. under the direction of Will
lam rleldins; Oaburn. professor of
sortolocy. now at the L'nlerity of
W anhtngton.
Ktoih the mas of statistics t broach
which undergraduates of Keed Colleee
d-lveJ. in their successful design to
determine scientifically the moot matter
of which American city haa the "bulce"
en Its competitors, the students sal
Tared a fact entirely rratlfyln to tht
West that Ita cities stand In the fore
front of pros-resa, by eiact and scrupu
lous comparison with those elsewhere
la America.
Many r4ata CeaaldrrW.
Thirty-six cities passed uader scru
tiny, and were Judred by the Impartial
medium of statistics on It important
phases of municipal betterment wafe
rales, coat of llvlnit. death rates. Infant
mortality, population married, chu-ch
membership, child labor, parka, pave
mnta. flre loss, public properties, clr
culation of library books, school at
tendance, school property, teachers'
salaries, number of pupils per teacher,
illiteracy, number of lorelrn-born on
able to speak Encltah,
liow fared Portland In this municipal
marathon? Did the City of Roses sll
under the tape with the winners, or
travels lamely dwn the course with
the also-rans?. The survey answers
speciSrally. and the civic characte
Siren Portland adds punch to the salu
tatlon for st ranters Tou'U find It
pretty rood town!"
Amons; the cities considered. Portland
steps blithely Into second place for th
lowest death rate. In but two othe
cities of the list Is there a higher seal
of union waves, and In but eight others
Is the cost of llTlng lower. Babies And
the rllme snl sanitation of Portland
salubrious, for but two cities are lowe
In the scale of Infant mortality. And
when the lusty Infants are ready for
play In the big out-of-doors, the mod
ern black-man of child labor comes not
Yuan them, for but one city murpn
Portland in the emancipation of Ita lit
tie onea from labor. That they spend
their school days In the classroom Is
--t forth by ths fact that the city Is
second among Its sisterhood In freedom
from illiteracy.
War Tisaea Re CeastdrreeV.
Tt may be remarked that the statis
tics utilised In the surrey range from
11 to IMS. and are not truly Indica
tive of prevailing conditions. To this
criticism It is replied by the compilers
t.iat "the firuree used are a better
measure of normal conditions than
figures for the past three years would
be. because they are free from the dis
turbing and temporary Influences of
the Wlf."
In the foreword to the urey. Trr.
W'tlllam T. Foster, president of Reed
College, tells why the assembling of
such farts In available form fills i
.long-felt want that of reliable, under
rated. Impartial Information about
cities, which aa places where homes are
established are of Interest to those who
live there or who are contemplating.
"I have befora me an alluring book
let, advertising the city of
writea Dr. Foster In the foreword. "It
la a colorful triumph of the printer's
-with credit and demerit
art. gay with pictures of big red apples,
sleek cattle, paveat streets and brick
buildings. On the first page I read
, The city of Is noted for Its
healthful climate and rapidly growing
population. It Is the center of the
' region, whose Industrial possi
bilities are great beyond Imagination.
Ita pure water supply, paved streets.
beautiful public properties and mod
erate cost of living make It In every
respect an Ideal home city.
lefersaatlea et Deflalte.
"Open the booklet and read where
I will." resumes Dr. Foster. "I have a
wearying sense of bavins; read that
page before. It is because so many
promotion bureaus have said the same
thing la the same way. so many times,
about so many cities. They separate
me from the truth by means of two
barriers, vagueness and prejudice. They
do not furnish definite Information
about numerous cities, without which
no comparison of merits Is possible,
and they avoid mention of those aspects
of clvio progress la which they are
backward."
The study does not attempt to rank
clues In other respect than the II
selected categories. It is explained, and
the Importance of these categories in
comparison with others Is not consid
ered. Readers are warned to be on
guard against drawing conclusions from
the survey that surpass the evidence.
Hut from the evidence submitted. In
dividuals may determine much that is
of vaiiie la esUmaUng what cities oiler
to citlxen
marks.
In ths calm. Impartial effulgence of
the statistical lamp. Portland Is seen
to bold sixth place among; American
cities well to the fore among the
choeen. but with a race to run before
she crowds the leading quintet from
their places. Ia respective order th
leading cities, with their standings
compiled from the total of their place
ratines la the Is categories, are
fullows:
Seattle. IIS: Salt Lake City. US;
Denver, 12 : lOf Angeles. 341: Wash
Ington. I. C. :4: Portland. Or.. 162;
Minneapolis, tit; Cincinnati, til; Saa
Francisco, 370.
Blrsalaghasa Is Lowest.
These nine cities occupy the first
quarter in rank, while their 37 less
favored sisters straggle down th line
of municipal parade all the way to Bir
mingham, which foots the awkward
squad with the weakest showing; of all
the cities considered.
In the order of their rating; the re
maining cities of the survey are as
follows: t. Paul. Omaha, Boston. Cleve
land, flnffaln k'iniii fltv Ma K
! Louis. Milwaukee. Newark. New Tork
City. Pittsburg. Chicago. Indianapolis,
.Louisville. DetroiL'New Haven, Spring
field. Philadelphia, Baltimore, Memphis.
Providence, New Orleans. Scranton,
Jacksonville. Atlanta, Charleston, & C.
and Birmingham.
Union wage rates for 19 trades. In
cants per hour, during; 1(14, were as
follows in the cine leading cities
Seattle. TO; San Francisco, (t; Portland,
Or.. (7; (ialt Lake City. (S; Denver,
Chicago. St. Louis and New Tork. (4
Los Angeles. 43. The remaining 1
cities ranged from tl cents. In Kansas
City, ilo, to IS cents In Charleston. & C
Federal Plgwres feed.
The average rates presented were for
10 unlonlied group of laborers, brick
layers, carpenters, painters, plasterers.
plumbers and gasfltters. day compos
itors In book and Job printing, night
compositors in book and Job printing,
day compositors In newspaper printing,
night compositors In newspaper print
Ing. and day and night linotype oper
ators. The data were for May. 1114
and were taken from the bulletin of
the United Slates Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
The cost of living table was baaed
on ths retail selling; prices of 17 food
commodities during 1914 and placed
Minneapolis In prominence as the place
where a dollar will roll farthest. The
standings of the first nine cities, re
spectively, are a follows: Minneap
olis. 13.7; St. Paul. : Denver. S.l
Milwaukee. 7: Cincinnati. 7.S; De
troit, H i; Pt. Louis, tt.Z; Buffalo. IS. I;
roruina, (Jr.. ioq.
In other words, Mrs. Jones, of Mln
aeapolis. could purchase for II- cent
what Mrs. Jones, of Portland, paid tl
for: while both were the envy of 37
less fortunate sisters of the Jones fam
lly In other cities. Mrs. Jonee. of Blr
mingham, paid a fraction mors than
(iu for the same provender,
Ceaet Cities Lead.
These cost-of-Ilvlns- statistics wsre
based on the retail selling orlces of the
following commodities: Sirloin steak
round steak, chuck roast, rib roast,
pork chops, bacon, ham. lard, leg; of
tamo. bene, flour, cornmeaL egg, but
ler, potatoes, sugar and milk. Ths
figures obtained are relative ta the
-i omana price a a base.
feattle and Portland lead In low
ness or death rates, the stsndlngs for
me urs nine cities, per 1000 nonula.
tlon In 111. corrected to a standard ace
ana sex attribution, being a follows
eeattie.' ju 4; Portland.
NEWYDR.K OTtncnncncnannntrcnnaH
Pitts bur.g cnFif3CKChi?icnc;Eaanc3E4n
Chicago naLisinKCEQanHEjnnBtBB
I N DIAN AP.O LIS CI 3l3I3nE3k J O LI Li E3 VI E 3 13 3 G3 U
Louisville; Picnf?nn!!innnnHHaiiin
de.tr.oit EjaarsanannHEnBGEPseiB'
new haven nnsGonEiDRBnnDnpnnra
-SPRING FILLDn?frnER&gnC30S3nC3l3E3
PHiLADELpHiAaaaacaannDnaBSLooLaEi
balt i m o RLncnnnrincnnsnnnnsart
Memphis annrsnncnncirjaciBnna
prLoviDENCEaariKcintisizDBcnraanEiranfj.
new omANsuKntsisnPiOEacHHBncHa
sciLANTOf nnsHnnnnrsnnnEiESHESHB
JACKSONVILLE EJESaEQnDDQtiyQElDQBQ
atlantX. 'nRBKcnnnytgHsnnnBaD
cHATONscunnnHnaaanptsEjannaa
JblKM INGHAM .nBUa.a.CBuSQQ
CITIES OF THE FIRST QUARTER. IN RANXn'
CITIES OF THE SECOND QUARTER. IN RANKa
CITIES OF.THL TH1K.D QUARTER IN R.ANKT3'
CITI ES OF THE' FOURTH QUARTER. I N .RANK."
WAGE "RATES.
'A vers ye -rates of union wages in cent per hour
in ten trades in 1914.
1 'Seattle 70
t 8as Fraariaee 09.
J. Portland, Oro.
4. Salt Lake City 63'
g-JMsvar, 01
'-'Cbieage , ' 04
' St. Louis S4
New York Gry 04
' Lee Asgele . 03
. 1
KaaiasCity,lIa 03
13 PrtUbarr 01
13 Bottom- 00
13 Newark SO
U WaahiBgtea.O.&l 5s
Cincinnati
10 St. Paul-
Memphis'. '
Cleveland
10 Omaha
tO ladisaapsl"
Detroit
Binaiogbaai
2J Milwaukee
Loawrille"
35 KewOrlesae
Buffalo
Springfield, DL
Baltimore
Jacksonville
30 Prorideoee
siiDssapoue
33 Beranton
Philadelphia
New Kavea
35 Atlanta
30 Gbarlestos.fl. C
(67 BMBaaSISiail(l
eo ilaMiiBsasji iiiiisjisi
65 at 31 nun BTSUHaaccatai
43 sjbj uisata aaaaavaaaai
28 gaSMniiHSjsiisjSi
DEATH RATES'
Death rates per 1000 population in 1911, correct
ed to a standard age and sex distribution. v
1 Seattle
t Portlaad, Orer
3 6t.Pmul
i Minneapolis
g Milwaakee
0 Salt Lake Qt
eT Loa Angeles
g Qeveland
Tmliinspone
10 BaOale,
Omaha
13 SaaFrandaBg
13 Detroit
14 Newarh
Provldeaeg
16' Ckieaga '
17 Denier
is Scran toa '
10 St. Louis
0 Cincinnati
. .KasaasjCity.Vs
Pittiburg
Spdngfield, Q,
24 LniiavUla
M New Haves
tC NewYorx-Clte'
37 Philadelphia -I
23 BoetoB
) Washington, fe. CT
30 Baltiraora
31 Birmingham
32 New Orleans
33 Atlanta-
34 Memphis .
35 Jaekjesrifje
SC Charleston, S-C
J0.4 BrsJaal
in MaaaxawasBI
U swawsMBSawXa
us ' sasiaisin I si ism
14J BSsasBsasassBsaaKta
15 z mmmmmmmmmam .
15.3 SBwaaSaas7wsIt
35 sjaatawasaaasasafjam
I1 .
153. amaiai laaneaianwiaiaB
14.0 aawsaaai l 111
J0. BasaSBwaBvaHaaawsxal
1-f BTssaBBaaBHi!l
18-5 , ISlllJ UlA
110.1 Tl f TTIIIII III II II llll f
10
.3B.H
'!.
16
1
17A
17JJ
17.4
SM''
1M
19.4
S1J '
:u
22.0 I
23.4 J
37.5 '
3L7 I
Or 11.1; 8f
Paul and Minneapolis, .!.: Milwaukee,
11.3; Salt Lake City, 14.3: Los Angeles.
Cleveland and Indianapolis, li.3.
The death rate In Southern citiea.
which are last In the order given. Is
appreciably higher, that of Charleston.
- t oeing almost three times as great
a Portland's, or 11.7. New York Is
l.M. and Chicago Is 10.4.
Iafaat Mortality Lew Her.
The reason for low death rata In
vVestern cities Is ascribed partly to the
fact that there are fewer babies and
old people, and partly because there
are more men than women of middle
age. Low death rates are usually in
terpreted as meaning; healthful cli
mates. It Is commented, though they
also mean good housing, good Indus
trial conditions, high wage and effect
ive health bureaus.
In the Infant mortality table Port
land Is third lowest, the figures being
based upon the death rates of Infants
under 1 year of age. per 1000 born, for
the year 1915. The first nine cities are:
Omaha. 47.1; Seattle, 63.1; Portland. Ora
67.7; ialt Lake City. 03.1; Los Angeles,
(7.4; San Francisco, 70.1; Minneapolis,
71.0; St. Paul. 77.0; Cincinnati. 70 S.
Again the Southern cities drop to the
extreme of the list- with Charleston. 8.
C. showing an Infant mortality rate of
1S0.3. The high mortality rates of the
Southern cities Is due partly to the high
mortality among; negroes, say the survey.
Cities are responsible for high In
fant mortality rates, because It has
been proved that car and preparation
can say many Infant, Uvea," comment
the survey bulletin. "Health bureaus
and pur milk are mors important fac
tor than climate.
Married Mors IT p cress.
"The percentage of adults who are
married Is sn index of healthful social
conditions." declares the survey. "Death
and sickness are lees among married
persons than among unmarried per
sons of ths same age. Crime also Is
less, and material prosperity greater
among the married."
It must be confessed that Portland
doe not rank among the first nine
citiea by this test of marital disposition.
Down at the bottom of the column,
with only Seattle and 8an Francisco to
share it dejection, the City of Hoses
how a percentage of 68.4, based upon
the married population 23 years and
over in 1010.
The leading- nine cities of heart and
home are: Cleveland. 73.7; Milwaukee,
71.8; Newark. 71.6; Detroit, 71.5; Salt
Lake City, 71.4; Birmingham, 70.6;
Scranton. 70.5; Chicago, 70.2; Indian
apolis, 70. Boston and Charleston
are in the same division as Portland,
Seattle and San Francisco, the first
pair having an excess of women and
the latter trio an excess of men. v
Church Membership Fissures Gives.
There should be hlg-h explosive for
local pulpits available In the discovery
that Portland, of 36 American cities,
ranks least in the percentage of church
membership, with 273 worshipers a
contrasted with Louisville's congrega
tion of 682.
The leading; cities In church member
ship percentages per 1000 population in
1906 are: Louisville, 682; Providence,
(45; Boston, 603; Scranton, 600; New
Orleans, 683; fSprinfrf leld. 111., 579; New
Haven, 651; St. Paul, 539; Detroit, 606.
The Southern cities rank hlgrh In
church memberships, while the West
ern cities rank low. The survey as
sumes that many - newcomers to the
rapidly growing western cities do not
at once transfer their church member
ship. Yet it does not appear to
be entirely a matter of locality,
for Kansas City, Mo., Memphis, Birm-
BRITISH WOMEN OF DISTINGUISHED TITLE
PROMINENT IN WAR SERVICE ACTIVITIES
: :
Countess of Lisburne Promote Raisin j of Funds for Wounded Countess of Annesley and Lady Elcho Are
Identified With Hospital Work Mrs. Jane B. Christie, American Nurse, Specially Mentioned for Bravery.
I I r" '" -sawaava aaja-Li . . ' n T I
v h r - -'"
. v .. t V
; V- : U ' ;
c: . ; 1 . '
Slav2e2S
THE Countess of Lisburne Is In act
ive service with tfc British army,
as are thousands of other British
womsn of high and low degree. She is
noted among the youoger peeresses of
Great Britain for her great beauty, be
ing of a striking Spanish type.
The Countess of Lisburne before her
resrrisgs to the Earl of Lisburne In
1114, was Regina Blttencourt, She is
th daughter of Don Julio de Bitten
court, attache to th Chilean Legation.
She haa played an active part in many
relief organisations and has been the
guiding spirit of many bazaars to raise
funds for the wounded.
e e e
The most beautiful and distinguished
women of Great Britain have literally
flocked to the aid of the allies, and
soma sre in active service behind the
lines, others In relief work. One of the
foremost of the prominent to enlist in
war work la the Countess of Annesley.
She is engaged in a hospital of the
British army "somewhere behind the
lines."
see
Madame de Eloeckl. a famous beauty.
Is doing her share for the allies by act
ing aa nurse in charge of the Grand
Duchess George, or Russia's Hospital,
at Harrowgate, England.
Madame de SloeckL one of the roost
prominent women in British society,
has also been a leader in many of the
war relief and charities. She has
headed campaigns to raise funds for
soldier benefits, her time being devoted
completely to varied war endeavors.
' e e e
Working In the same caus for which
her husband gave his life on the bat
tlefields of France. Lady Elcho Is serv
ing as nurse Is. Rutland Hospital.
Ki JZL 111 .'v- J
.:: .- .--v- .r":.s : . r - - -ejln IJiir,ffasj3sTSaittl WttyWrfj.
' I1 w--Sa-3saa.S,Si J
- -..aj(p - , j
. I
$ :
: . r . -,
Ingham, Minneapolis and San Francisco,
are all in the fourth quarter with Port
land civic sheep waiting for the shep
herd and the fold.
Providence Works Children,
While church attendance in . Provi
dence, for Instance, is exceedingly high,
that city holding second place in the
pews, child labor is sIbo prevalent, with
a percentage of 13.2, between the ages
of 10 and 15 years, for 1910. Portland,
to the contrary, redeems herself with
second place in the lists, showing a
percentage of but 3.9.
The child labor list, for the nine best
cities, js as follows: Minneapolis. 2.8;
Portland, 3.9; St Paul, 4.1; Washington,
D. C. 4.4; Omaha, 4.6; 6aIT Lake City.
4.6: Seattle, 4.9; Los Angeles, 5.6; Mil
waukee, 6.4. Atlanta makes the worst
showing of the clvio sisterhood, with a
percentage of 17.8.
How much park space the citizen is
entitled to have, to hold, and to strew
peanut husks upon, appears to be defi
nitely settled by the statistical table
which allots an average area to each
Inhabitant, in square yards, for the
year 1915. Each resident of Portland is
entitled to occupy 10.7 square yards,
by the Iteed College computations and
Portland has 26th place in the park
roster.
Atlanta Parks Few.
In Providence there is room for yie
most ample citizen that ever -disregarded
the "keep off the grass" signs,
for that city leads with 119.9 square
yards per inhabitant. Other leading
cities are: Washington, D. C, 75.6; Min
neapolis, 53.8; Charleston, S. C, 51.1;
Kansas City, Mo., 43.9; Los Angeles,
42.8; St. Paul, 38.3: New Haven. 36.8;
Omaha, 35.7. Atlanta achieves the
caboose, with 3.2 square yards, or Just
about enough room to stand on.
"TPailf rnpnaAnt on Attemnr to hrfne
a part of the world of nature to the
artificial life of cities," remarks the
survey. "Our city life, with its crowded
housing, its factories, its long hours of
work indoors monotonous tasks and
Its nervous tension, results iu, disease,
crime and immorality. The partk is a
fragment of the great out-doors, that
has bfcen the heritage of man for all
his previous long life on the earth."
Portland is second in rank with
regard to freedom from illiteracy, based
upon the percentage of population 10
years old and over, and unable to
write, in 1910. The standings of the
nine leading cities are: Seattle, 1.1;
Portland, 1.2; Salt Lake City, 1.6; Los
Angeles, 1.9; St. Paul, San Francisco,
Denver, 2.1; Kansas City, Mo., 2.3;
Minneapolis, 2.4.
Illiteracy is highest in the South
and in the New England states, with
Charleston, S. C, bearing off the palm
by a percentage of 15.3. New York City'
has 6.7; Scranton, 8.9, and Providence,
7.7. The survey protests that illiteracy
Is eradicable and declares that there
seem to be no circumstances which
excuse the bad ranking of some cities.
Other tables are based upon pave
ment areas, fire losses, public proper
ties, circulation of library books, school
attendance, school property, teachers
salaries, number of pupils and foreign
born unable to speak English. . As the
statistics utilized are for several years
ago and subject to considerable ad
vancement in the ordinary course of
affairs, they do not carry the weight
of conditions that are susceptible of
slight proportionate change and are.
not reproduced.
Western Citiea Lead.
"Slight differences in the standings
of cities in this rank list are of no
account," says Dr. Foster, in the fore
word. "The significant facts are that
all Western cities are in the first
quarter, nearly all Southern cities are
in the last quarter and most citiea of
other sections are in the middle ,
quarters. If this study stimulates any
cities to improve their standings in
any respect ana to seeic ior oeuer
measures of civic progress than those
here employed, the study will have
served its main purpose.
The recapitulation of all standings.
bv which the rank of the cities is
obtained, gives Portland sixth place.
Addition of the rank numbers awarded
in the various categories gives the gen
eral standing of the citiea, the lowest
mark being pre-eminent under this
system.
Potato Dish for Each Day Is Given
England. Lord Elcho, who was heir to
his father, the 11th Earl of Wemyss,
was named among the dead in the Brit
ish casualty list of May 2, 1916. His lit
tle son; now Lord Elcho. is the heir to
his grand father's earldom.
Lady Elcho, before her marriage, was
Lady Violet Catharine Manners. She
is -the second daughter of the eighth
Duke? of Rutland. Lady Elcho is con
sidered one of the most beautiful of the
younger members of the British peer
age.
e e
Among the nurses mentioned by Field
Marshal Haig as deserving special men
tion for bravery, on the western front,
are Mrs. James B. Christie, of the Pres
byterian Hospital unit, serving with
the American Army Nursing Corps.
Mrs. Christie is a woman of superior
ability in her field, and the announce
ment of the honor Conferred was re
ceived without surprise by friends and
associates.
Mrs. Christie left here in May with
the Presbyterian Hospital Unit No. 2,
and was in charge of the unit on the
voyage across. She was assistant to
Miss Anna C. Maxwell, director of the
School of Nursing at the Presbyterian
Hospital, with which she has been con
nected for 10 years. She is a native
of Hailfix, H, S.
i '
T la said that potatoes may be cooked
In more ways than any other vege
table, and a score or more variations
are within the knowledge of any good
hotel chef. Seven ways, one for each
day in the week, beginning with Mon
day's, Tuesday's and Wednesday's din
ners, through Thursday's lunch, Fri
day's dinner, Saturday's lunch and Sun
day's supper are here given.
Stuffed P o t a t o e a (Monday) Cut
baked DOtatoes in half, remove the
pulp, mash If, add enough milk for the
usual consistency or masnea peraioes,
and season with butter, salt and pepper.
Fill the baked skins, with this mix
ture, dot the tops with butter and bake
for eie-bt or ten minutes In a hot oven
To vary this add to the mashed pota
toes, before the skins are filled, any
of the following: Beaten white of egg
(one egg to three medium-sized pota
toes): grated cheese (one-halt cupiui
to three medium-sized - potatoes)
chopped meat (one-half cupful to three
medlum-Bised potatoes); chopped pars
ley (one tablespoonzul to three medi
um-sized potatoes).
Scalloped Potatoes (Tuesday) cse
raw, thinly sliced potatoes in layers,
each layer to be sprinkled with flour,
butter, pepper, salt; lastly pour in just
enough milk to be seen through the
top layer, and then bake for about an
hour, or until the potatoes are tenaer.
This may be varied by adding, in lay
era, hard-boiled egg, sliced; grated
cheese or minced ham.
Boiled Potatoes (Wednesday) Se
lect potatoes of uniform size, wash
them with a brush and plunge them
into boiling ealted water (one tea-
spoonful of salt to one quart water)
Cook them with the cover of kettle
ajar, until tender, from 20 to 30 min
utes. Drain the potatoes, remove the
skins, dress the potatoes with butter,
if desired, and serve them immediately.
If it is necessary for the potatoes to
stand a few minutes before being
served, cover them with a cloth, not a
lid, in order that the steam aa it con
denses may be absorbed by the cloth
and not returned to the potatoes to
make them soggy. This is the reason
for serving potatoes In an uncovered
dish. The potatoes may be sprinkled
with chopped parsley.
Potato Salad (Thursday, from
Wednesday's leftovers) Six cold boiled
potatoes, four tablespoonfuls salad oil
or melted butter, two tablespoonfuls
vinegar, one-ball tablespoonful salt,
cayenne . pepper, two tablespoonfuls
chopped parsley, few drops onion Juice.
Cut the potatoes in one-half-inch
cubes. Make a dressing by mixing thor
oughly the other ingredients. Pour
this dressing over the potatoes and
allow them to stand for 15 minutes.
Drain off any dressing that may not
have peen absorbed by. the potatoes.
Garnish the salad with sprigs of pars
ley and serve with cream dressing or
mayonnaise. To the salad may be add
ed any of the followingi One cupful
chopped celery, two cucumberSvChopped,
or two hard-boiled eggs, chopped, or,
as a garnish, sliced.
Mashed Potatoes (Friday) Thor
oughly mash cooked potatoes. Add four
tablespoonfuls of hot milk, one table
spoonful of butter and a little salt and '
pepper to each pint of potatoes. Beat '
the mixture with a fork until light and
pile it lightly in a hot serving dish.
Mashed potatoes may be shaped Into
small cakes. Brown them In a frying
pan in a small amount of hot fat. Mix
with boiled codfish or canned salmon
for fish cakes.
Potato Soup (Saturday, from Frl- ;
day's leftovers) Two cupfuls hot rlced
or mashed potatoes, one quart milk,
two slices onion, three tablespoonfuls
butter, two tablespoonfuls flour, one
and a half teaspoonfuls salt, celery
salt, pepper, cayenne, one teaspoonful -chopped
parsley.
Scald the milk with the onion, re
move the onion, add the milk slowly
to the potatoes. Melt the butter, add
to It the dry ingredients, stir the mix
ture until it la well blended. Add thia -to
the liquid mixture, stirring con
stantly, and boil the soup for one
minute. Strain It if necessary, add the
parsley and serve.
Potato Biscuit (Sunday, from Fri- '
day's or Saturday's leftovers) One cup
ful mashed potatoes, one cupful flour,
four teaspoonfuls baking powder, one-
half teaspoonful salt, one tablespoonful
butter, one tablespoonful lard, milk
about one-half cupful.
Sift the dry ingredients. Add these
to the potatoes, mixing with a knife. .
Work the fat into this mixture lightly.
Add gradually enough milk to make a -soft
dough. Toss the dough onto a
floured board, pat and roll it lightiy
to one-half inch in thickness. Cut it
into shapes with a ' biscuit cutter. .
Place the biscuits on greased pans and
bake 12 to 15 minutes in a hot oven.
Elks to Be Protected.
The majority of the elk left In the
United States are concentrated in and
about Yellowstone National Park. The
biological survey states that this res
ervoir for restocking other areas Is so
Important that no pains shoukt be
spared to insure its protection, and a
careful examination of the animals
with a view to their future welfare
has recently been carried out. A count
of the elk made early In the Spring of
1916 showed that the southern herd
contained about 18,000 animals, which
agrees with Iigures previously pub
lished. The northern herd, however,
was found to contain only about one
third of the number it had previously
been supposed, to contain,
4