The Sunday Oregonian., November 04, 1917, Section One, Page 12, Image 12

12
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 4, 1917.
CHANGES BROUGHT BY WAR AND TREMENDOUS
DEMANDS ON ALL COUNTRIES ARE REVIEWED
Lord Northcliffe Tells Aims and Sacrifices That Bring Out Noblest Qualities in Nations and Individuals, Calling
, Far-Off Australia to Battle Foe as Well as Little Invaded Belgium.
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BY LORD NORTHCLIFFE,. .
Chairman of the British "War Mission.
(From The Nation's Business for Octo
. ber.) . ,
1AM in America because I have been
a continual eyewitness of thu war'
on its various fronts, at the war
behind the battle line, and in the war
"Which that very witty Italian, General
Cadorna, calls the most serious part
of the war, the home front, the battle
Vith the politicians.
I am here because I want to tell
Americans something of the many
blunders we maae. that the United
States may the more speedily achieve
that w'hich every democracy in the
world is striving for, the destruction
of an attempt to enforce upon the world
a tyranny that would make the world
rot fit to live in. I am here because,
lor a short time, or for a long time,
I am certainly conducting one of the
largest businesses in this great coun
try. I am administering the spending
cf between JaO.t'00,000 and 60, 000.000
e week here on behalt of the "British
government, and I am here to inform
the British government of all the many
admirable things I see taking place,
and of all the inventions and of all
the specimens of American ingenuity
to which we and Europe look forward
to eagerly.
It was most fitting that business men
from all over the United States should
have gathered at Atlantic City, repre
senting the vast body of men of busi
ness, because it is most obvious to any
body who gives a moment's considera
tion to the materials and figures in
volved that war is no longer a ques
tion of a few hundred thousand of men
in gay uniforms on prancing horses; it
Is a matter of whole nations in arms,
supported by every business brain that
can bring efficiency, organization, cap
ital and invention to its assistance.
This is a war as much of chemists and
of engineers as of soldiers. This is a
war of transport, of manufacture, and
of distribution. It Is essentially a
business man's war.
Comparlfton Is Itlade. '
We did not realize that fact In Great
Britain for many, many long months.
We were totally unprepared for war.
We had an army of about 100,000 men,
more or less trained, usually less. We
had, I believe, 20.000,000 rounds of
small arm ammunition, by comparison
with Germany's 4.000,000,000 rounds.
We entered upon this war, as every
nation entered upon this war, as every
nation enters upon every war, with
the idea that the war would be short.
You had that same notion in. 1861. As
a matter of fact, in the history of all
wars, it is notorious that war is a long
thing; and I should be lacking in the
courage of my friend Hoover if I did
not assure Americans that, in my. be-'
lief, studying this war from every an
gle. I cannot conceive it to be possible
that an organization which -has been
taking from the time of Frederick the
Great to be built is going to be de
stroyed in three or four years; that a
vast trust, such as that composed by
the Kaiser, the Junkers, the aristo
crats, and the wealthy class of Ger
many, are going to give up their posi
tion and their proTits without a strug
Kle to the very- bitter end a struggle
that, in my judgment, will inevitably
cause the German people to establish
themselves on that free basis which
many of them had in the past before
they became enmeshed in the toils o
Prussia. , .
One of the requests most often made
to me is that I tell something of the
practical things that we did in the
war. Almost the first and most prac
tical thtnar was to lengthen the day.
There are two ways of getting longer
hours of labor and of relaxation. One
is a very bad way, a way that our ex
perience in Great Britain proved to be
bad; that is, to try to work people
seven days a week. Apart from all
ethical considerations, it is bad econ
omy. People cannot work seven days
a. week at high pressure.
Clock Change Favored.
The other way is the way we adopted,
the way Invented by an Englishman,
Mr. Willett, who tried for years to
get our people to adopt the very simple
device of putting the clock on one hour.
Personally, having experience with that
system of time for many months, I
cannot see any possible objection to it.
I myself use it in my home here in New
LORD NOR THCLIFFE.
York; and, as a result, I enjoy your
beautiful American - Autumn mornings,
and I'have all the roads to myself. We
had a few cranks and faddists who op
posed the scheme. A good many moth
ers thought it would be bad for the
children to be up longer, and that they
would not be able to go to sleep in
daylight. But you must remember that
in most northern countries, in the
north of Scotland, for example, it is
daylight up to 11 o'clock at certain
times of the year, and the children and
and the animals go to bed just as nat
urally as they do in these southern
latitudes. Daylight saving has every
advantage. The people enjoy the early
morning, hours, they get more recrea
tion at the end of the day. they save
coal, electric light, and beyond ques
tion it is a great Improvement in the
efficiency of plants and factories that
have adopted that system.
War- such as this is not entirely an
evil. It is teaching people to be thrifty.
thrifty as to food, thrifty as to labor.
It is teaching people to devise new
machinery. It has gigantically im
proved ' surgery, dentistry, nursing,
hospitals, and sanitation, and while the
losses of this war are great, the losses
from illness and from sickness have
been reduced to a minimum by the
progress made by medical science dur
ing the war.
Business Change Necessary,
. WTe in England do not pretend to be
so quickly adaptable a people as you
Americans. You are now beginning to
face the problems that we faced two
and a half years ago the alteration
of your business into war business:
and at first sight, to the owners of
many great establishments, the pros
pect seems a difficult and trying one.
Many men seem to think that the
change will inevitably produce ruin.
But that is not the case.. There are
no businesses other than war busi
nesses in Great Britain and France.
Every business is a war business. But
those businesses are none the less not
failures.- As a matter of fact, the brave
people of France, by importing every
kind of foreign labor, are maintaining
their industries in a very wonderful
way.' -
War is itself a horrible -and dis
agreeable necessity. It is incumbent
upon every man who knows of any
business that can. be adapted to war
to turn the thoughts of the owners of
that business to the quick winning of
the war. Almost "every business in
this country can eventually be used to
assist war. In our country those en
gaged in making furniture and pianos
are much more busy than they ever
were before, . making the wood parts
of airplanes. - Those who-were making
pleasure automobiles are making motor
trucks' for the war, making air engines
for the war. making other vehicles for
the wan There is no falling off in
those businesses. On the other hand
the numbers of people they employ are
far greater than before the war, and
they have been added to very largly
by the fact that our women, without any
distinction- of class, have gone into
those factories and' enormously in
creased, the peace-time output at this
time.
Factory Is Tbree Square Mile.
The extent of those great war rac
tories is very little known in this coun
try. At one of them which I visited
Just before I came here, a place on the
borders of England and Scotland
Gretna Green, .where th.e runaway mar
riages used to take place we have one
plant that is one mile in width and
three miles in length. I took an Amer
ican friend of mine to see it, and he
said-it reminded him of the making
of the Panama Canal. I want my
American friends who are sending
their boys so bravely to this war- to
realize that the United States will need
plants of that size, and that it will
need plants of that size in France
That does not seem to be usually un
derstood here. We in Great Britain
although we are ynly 21 miles from
r ranee at ine narrowest point of the
Channel, have been obliged to erect
establishments equal, in my judgment
to a town of the size of Bridgeport, in
various parts of France behind the
firing line. War is too quick a thing
to 'enable people to send great can
nons back to their home countries for
repair. It will be impossible for you
to send your artillery back from
France to the United States to repair.
It would be dangerous for you to rely
upon the Atlantic Ocean as a channel.
Lying between you and the Atlantic
is the perpetual menace of the Ger
man submarine, which is not sunk so
r'eadily by the destroyers as by the"
newspapers.
In regard; to the sinking of subma
rines by newspapers, the United States
Is just where we were two years ago.
I see the limit is now that one ship
sunk nine. Personally I doubt whether
three submarines have ever been sunk
in a week. We do not publih official
figures but victories of that kind pass
from mouth to mouth very rapidly
when they are genuine, and I personal
ly do not believe that one in a hundred
of the alleged sinkings of submarines
is genuine.
Refrigerators Are Needed.
You must also remember that you
will require vast refrigerating stores
for the preservation of the meat and
the food of your soldiers. At the speed
at which you are raising your army,
by this time 12 months you will prob
ably have between 700,000 and 800,000
men in France. Now, picture to your
self the requirements of 700,000 or 800.
000 young men, mostly over six feet in
height, with appetites in proportion.
Think of what they will need in the
way of food, and the means to preserve
it; the clothes, the boots and in the
matter of boots, the soldiers wear out
between Ave and six pairs a year in the
asiest parts of the line, and 12 pairs
of shoes a year where the work is
rough. Realize that you have got to
repair your rifles, and that the average
life of a rifle in the war is not more
than six weeks; that you have got to
supply and maintain all your mules
and horses; that you have to see that
all your hospitals are fully supplied
with all they require; that your ambu
lance trains are always in perfect run
ning; that you will require railways
from your base to that part of France
which the Germans know the American
soldiers are occupying, but which you
do not know they are occupying. You
have got to maintain, at a distance of
3000 miles, a whole living oommunity.
en and women for you will need
thousands of women for the hospitals
and for clerical work in France, as we
do; and all that has to be kept at the
other end of the Atlantic That is the
work that demands the brains, not of
Idlers and strategists, but of men of
business. This war is the greatest
business the world ever' knew; and it
has made, in our country, demands that
have brought every man of business to
the side of the government, either in
Great Britain or one of the other places
where brain activity is needed for the
war.
You must remember we English are
fighting many wars, wars that we rare
ly see mentioned here. 'Our army in
Palestine is a very large army. We
are fighting that war at the same dis
tance, practically, that you are fighting
your war. Our army in Mesopotamia
is a large army. Those armies have to
be maintained and' organized, and the
chief organizers behind the lines are
well-known men of business.
French Win 'Praise.
I have said that the war, with all its
horrors, is not altogether an evil. One
thing the war has done it has taught
us English-speaking people the great
qualities, the marvelous qualities, of
patience and endurance of the French.
It should never be forgotten by any of
the allies that this war against sav
agery is being fought in the farms and
the towns, the beautiful country of
France. The French men and women
have had their horror in their midst
since the first week of August. 1914, and
even today, when the wind blows from
the north, people in Paris can hear the
sound of the guns. And yet those won
derful French people, are as calm and
determined as they have been at any
time in their wonderful history. I was
in Paris a few months ago, and it was
very difficult to realize that there was
a war close at hand at all. The women
are more quietly dressed. There is no
waste there never was very much
waste in France at any time. There
are wounded soldiers in the streets
there are soldiers on leave. France is
full of the uniforms of all the 'allies.
The neat uniform of your boys now is
there. But Paris is more normal than
she was in the first months of this war.
I spent a fortnight with the Italian
army this time last year. I did not
realize that, growing up in northern
Italy is a wonderful economic develop
ment of water power and industry. One
of the most touching things I learned
there is that they have organized their
women to carry the food, that prob
aoiy comes irom me united states, up
those mountain peaks at night for their
soldier husbands.
Belgians Are Landed.
Even little Belgium was misunder
stood before the war. Belgium was
probably the most prosperous country
of the world of its size. It had the
greatest population, per acre, of any
country in the world except India. The
Belgians were lulled into false security
by Germany. Instead of preparing for
war, they prepared for business. But
when the blow came, they proved them
selves to be as willing to stand the sac
rifice, to stand the strain of having
these horrible people in their homes for
three years, as have the French. I al
ways feel that we English-speaking
people should show the greatest sym
pathy to those countries which have
the war in their midst. We in Great
Britain have not the war in our midst.
We have always the British navy be
tween us and the enemy. We get a few
sporadic attacks upon our coast.
The war has also done good in that
it has brought around that little coun
try from which I come all those inde
pendent British nations, such as Aus
tralia, New Zealand, Canada and South
Africa. They had no reason to come
to the war. We had no more power to
compel them to come to the war than
to compel you to come to the war. They
came to the war because they knew
that unless they came to the war, their
turn- at the hands of Germany would
eventually come. Think of those people
who came from Australia, between
12,000 and 13.000 miles away from the
war. I heard a young Australian
speaker say recently, "We have never
had anything to do with war." They
did not have to conquer red Indians
when they got there, as your fore
fathers did; they have no wild animals
anywhere in their country, and are not
near any warring nation. They were
quick, however, to know, that speaker
said, that though their turn might be
the last to come. It would come; and
they would rather have the war fought
in Europe than fought in Australia.
Ellhu Hoot Quoted.
While all of us are absolutely deter
mined that the brave Queen of Belgium
shall get back to her place she and
her young King have been living prac
tically in the trenches these last three
years while all of us are determined
that the young Russian republic shall
have the support of every one of us,
and that France shall hold her head
high, as she held it before the war,
we all of us know that each of us is
fighting his own war. We all of us
fear that the horrors we know are go
lag on in Europe may be brought to
our own country. That is one of the
reasons we are at war. Many of us
have friends in Germany, and we also
know H is our duty to relieve them of
the horrible system which has reduced
them to mere machines, mere pawns of
a deadly and horrible military caste.
I recently read something written by
your great statesman, Mr. Root. It has
to do with the brighter side of. war.
This is what he said:
"The war has brought sympathy, en
nobling sympathy to us all sympathy
lor poor, struggling, pleading Russia
sympathy for little Belgium, like a
ravished child, trodden down by brutal
and bestial armies; sympathy for the
noble patriotism and lofty character
of beautiful France; sympathy for the
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9'
There is no Sedan on the market more truly beautiful or more distinctive
than the new Paige nothing quite so luxurious in appointment.
These general characteristics apply to all other models in the new Paige
enclosed line the Limousine, the Coupe, and the Town Car. You
will find it a pleasant experience iust to look them over.
The "Six-55" Sedan, 1 -Passenger, S2850
Etu ""Six-" 7-paMerisCT $177; Coupe S( If 4-passenjitr $780: Town Car
'Si-f J" 7-pawenger $J20: Limousine "Six-JJ" 7-cseng' $3230; BroolcUnd f 3ur
rcner J1795; Lin wood "Six-39" five-pauentier $1330; Glendsle "Sut-3' ' Clximmf
Roadster 11330; Dartmoor "Six-W I or 3-pauenger Si 330; Sedan "Sis 34 nt-
1V2. AUfrlccil o Detroit.
PAIGE-DETROIT MOTOR CAR COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN
COOK & GILL CO., Inc.
BROADWAY AT EVERETT
Phone Broadway 2610
patriotism that leads the Italians to
maintain warfare in the hope that they
may recover Italia Redentia."
I can conclude with no nobler senti
ments than those sentiments that I
have found, in this personal visit of
mine to the United States, to permeate
the hearts and homes of hundreds of
thousands of your generous people.
HARNEY AUXILIARY FORMED
4 0 Names on Roll of New Red Cross
Organization at Vancouver.
VANCOUVER. Wash., Nov. 8. (Spe
cial.) Last evening at the Ellsworth
Church the organization of the Harney
precinct auxiliary of the Vancouver
Chapter, American Red Cross, was com
pleted with 40 names on the roll.
The officers elected for the year
1917-18 were: H. C. Lleser, chairman;
Mary'F. Burrell, secretary; Harriett L.
Warren, treasurer Lizzie M. Smith,
first vice chairman; Eva R. Smith, sec
ond vice chairman.
The committees will be named soon.
There will be work rooms established
t the Russell and West Mill Plain
schoolhouses as well as the one at the
Ellsworth Church.
The next meeting has been called for
next Saturday evening at the Ellsworth
Church.
RBIHBBBHBBKHIBBII
BIIBIBDIBB
arCnkV
Hyacinths, Tulips,
Daffodils
and a choice collection of the
beautiful
Spring Flowering Bulbs
for the open ground and Winter
flowers indoors.
Sale Begins Monday Morning, Nov. 5 S
FRUIT AND SHADE TREES, ROSES, BERRY PLANTS, S
RHUBARB, ASPARAGUS, etc., should be planted now
Ask for Nursery Catalogue No. 361 b
BBBBBBBBBBBB
CONCRETE WALK TRIED OUT
Present Wooden Walks Have Proved
Most Unsatisfactory.
Use of asphaltic concrete crosswalks
in place of the old type wooden walks
is being tried out by the municipal de
partment of public works. Two cross
ings, one at East Thirty-ninth and Ivon
streets and the other at East Thirty-1
ninth and Clinton, have been supplied ,
with the new walks for experimental
purposes.
Wooden walks have proven unsatis
factory because of the necessity of re
placing them often. It is figured that
the hard-surface walks are of a per
manent nature. The cost is about tl a
square yard, or about $20 for the con
struction of one crosswalk.
William Henry Francis Denison. sec
ond Earl of Londonborough, born in
1850, died at Bournemouth October 30.
Front and
Yamhill
Southeast
Corner
Telephones i
Main 4040
A 1251
IBBBSBIIHIH
I
Bunh and Lane
Pianos are an em
bodiment of uperl
ority In material
and workmanship
in the fullest
sense of the word.
Bush and Lane Piano Co.,
12th and Wash sts.
A Good Sd-TTand Ilane
R-ttr Tlinn m Otimo T?e
We Have Several
Good Used Pianos
tm iiiiiP
mmtti i mam. mmmmi
use iiragbEuft. fs m mm e h if ;
7
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