THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN. PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 2, 1917.
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tCopyrlKht, 1917, by Frank O. Carpenter.)
ENS LET. Ala. The war is rev
olutionizing: - the steel industry
of the United States. It is in
creasing: its efficiency and wiping: out
tne waste. It is creating: new by
products and is making: our country
Independent of many thing's which it
tormerly imported from Germany and
otner parts of the world. One sees
evidences of this at every step in going:
mrough a great plant like that of the
United States Steel .Trust at Esley.
The plant covers almost 20 acres and
connected with it are many great
building-s devoted to the utilization of
by-products which not long- ago went
to waste. Just back of the mighty
furnaces, which are now smelting more
than three-quarters of a million tons
of iron a year, are long rows of the
ol-l-fashioned bee-hive coke ovens,
which only a few years ago made most
of the coke of the Unite States." These
ovens are of brick. Each of them is
about 12 feet in diameter and so tall
that a man could stand upright within
it. The coal was put in by hand
through a hole in the top. It was
fired by hand and the volatile gases
passed: off and were lost in the air.
The coke was dragged with rakes and
the cars were loaded by haqfl. There
was a great waste of material, time
and labor.
Today the 1s turned Jnto coke
In ovens which cost hundreds of thou
sands of dollars to build. The ovens
re in a great series as high as a
three-story house and several hundred
feet long. They are charged automatic
ally by steel cars, which carry the
coal on tracks high above them and
drop it into the ovens. After the coke
Is made, steel hands worked by ma
chinery push the blazing chunks into
steel cars and the train is carried under
a sprinkler which floods it with water.
As the cold water touches the super
heated mass a volcano of steam rises
like a mighty cloud into the air. At
first the cloud is black, but a second
later it turns to the color of milk and
forms a huge mass of vapor more won
derful than the pillar of fire which led
the Israelites through the wilderness.
It takes only S3 seconds to cool the
great mass.
In this new method of making coke
about the only thing that is lost is this
steam. Philip D. Armour, the man who
did so much to build up the meat
packing business of Chicago, once said
that he was able to save every bit of
the hog but the squeal. By means of
recent inventions the steel makers are
now able to save every bit of the coal,
and in the making of pig iron they
are creating valuable by-products out
of everything that goes into the pig.
In these new coke ovens the -monthly
caving is greater than the output of a
1-rge coal mine. I have this statement
from Mr. George Gordon Crawford,
president of the Tennessee Coal, Iron
& Railroad Company, which operates
the great Ensley plant. Said Mr. Craw
ford: "By means of the by-product ovens
we are able to save every month man
than 43,000 tons of coaL This is on the
basis of an output of 130,000 pounds of
coke per month. The saving comes
from the fact that every hundred
pounds of coal will make nine pounds
more coke in the by-product ovens
than we are able to get from the same
amount in the bee-hive ovens. We are
also able to save more than six pounds
of nut coke and coke dust from every
hundred pounds of furnace coke that
we make, and the total savin- is about
43.000 tons. Forty-three thousand tons
would be a big monthly cutput for one
of our largest coal mines, and such a
mine would probably be exhausted
within 30 years. The saving we are
making here will go on continually
and we shall create that amount of
new coal every month as long as the
plant is kept working."
"Mention some of your other by
products, Mr. Crawford," said I.
"Yv a u-JO the coke dust and nut coke
as fuel and the result is hundreds of
millions of cubic feet of g - which -
use for running our works. Twenty
five million cubic feet of such gas goes
to the steel plant, where it is used for
the creation of power. And then we
have the by-products from the gases
created in making the coke, which
yield in round numbers, from each
hundred thousard tons of coke, more
than one million gallons of tar, over
1500 tons of sulphate of ammonia ard
almost 6300 gallons of benzol product.
During my stay at the works I have
gone through the by-product plant
which creates these great savings. The.
gas from the coal is carried to it in
great pipes, and the various products
are manufactured from the gas in re
torts and machines of one kind or other.
The sulphate of ammonia, which is so
largely used for fertilizer, comes from
the ammonia gas in the coal. This is
passed through sulphuric acid and the
mixture is reduced to a powder by run
ning it through a centrifugal machine
like that in a sugar refinery. When the
stuff comes out it looks much like
brown sugar, but it is really a com
bination of sulphur and coaL It is
worth about 990 a ton at the present
war prices, and as the factory makes
something like B0 tons every day you
can see that the saving in this product
alone mounts to about $4500 per diem.
In the past it floated away in the gases
of the old beehive coke oven.
I understand that a great deal of
this ammonia fertiliser is now being
saved in the by-product ovens of this
part of the south. It is said to be one
of our chief sources of nitrogen, and
some of the authorities claim that there
is a sufficient amount of it in a single
acre of bituminous coal four feet thick
to maintain the fertility of an acre of
Jit- tJ
soil for 640 years. Within the past
year or so ' something like 2,000,000
tons of coke have been made in the by-
product ovens of the state of Alabama
alone, and such ovens are now being
built in Kentucky. Maryland, Tennessee
and other Southern states. In 1916 more
than 6,000,000 tons of coal were put
into the beehive ovens of the South, and
this resulted in a waste, it is said, of
about 44,000 tons of sulphate of am
monia, 85,000,000 gallons of tar and
more than' 8,000,000 gallons of benzol.
During 1915 the by-product coke
plants of the United States made alto
gether about 16,000,000 gallons of ben
zol. This is the product which the
Germans use largely for making dyes,
colors and medicines of one kind or
other. It has risen greatly in value
since the war, and this has led to the
building of many benzol plants. The
one here is said to have cost something
like $1, 000,000. I have gone through
it during my stay. It consists of great
stills and other machinery. It makes
various kinds of oil from which chem
ical products are formed, including not
only dyestuffs and medicines, but also
photographic material and important
explosives.
Another valuable by-product of the
furnaces is the slag. This formerly
went to waste. You may see mountains
of it about almost any old smelting
works. It defaces the landscape and
it costs a great deal to carry It away
and throw it onto the dump heap. Here
at Birmingham this slag is crushed and
ground into a fertilizer, which sells at
wholesale at $10 and upwards per ton.
It Is batrired ud like cement in little
sacks of 100 pounds each, and is shipped
over the country to the farmers and
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BT PROFESSOR JAMES B. MORMAN,
Former Expert for the United States
Department of Agriculture.
IK the poultry house Is small, the
growing stock should not be
crowded. Limit the number of
fowls to the size of the house and yard.
For the heavier breeds each layer
should be allowed about four feet of
floor space, with as much, outside run
as possible.
If the house Is well ventilated. Is
thoroughly dry, has plenty of sunlight,
and space enough for the birds' com
fort, the simplest structure will serve
the purpose of housing fowls. Cleanli
ness and dryness are the essentials to
success in housing poultry.
Two piano boxes can be made into a
cheap, but very serviceable backyard
poultry house, if made watertight.
Lime and sunlight are among the best
natural disinfectants. If the house is
well lighted, as it should be. and faces
the south, sickness should be almost an
unknown quantity, even if the fowls
have no yard.
Where fowls have yards, and this
area is small, the ground soon becomes
foul and threatens the comfort and
health of the flock. The yard should
be dug up pr scraped at least once a
month, and then sprinkled with lime
or some other disinfectant.
If the yard space is sufficiently large,
it is advisable to divide it into two
parts. While the fowls are in one part,
the other may be planted to a grain
crop. During these war times, oats or
rye will be the cheapest grain to sow.
When the crop is from three to six
inches high, the flock should be turned
into it, and the other part of the yard
sowed In the same manner. This plan
not only keeps the soil sweet, but it
provides succulent green feed for the
flock.
Keep Poultry la Advice.
Many persons who formerly kept
fowls have sold their flocks because of
the high price of grain feeds. This was
a mistake. The increase in prices has
not been one-sided. - There has been a
large increase in the price of eggs and
table poultry. The fact is, a small
flock may be as profitably handled as
before war-time prices. If the reader
has the facilities for keeping fowls, let
him start right in again to keep them.
If there is a small back yard, fit up a
place for a few fowls at once.
Balanced rations may be combined
from the cheapest feeds, which will
provide for normal growth in the young
stock and do for fattening or egg pro
duction in the older fowls. In fact, the
backyard poultrykeeper Is especially
fortunate, since wastes from the table
may be used to good advantage. Even
weeds from the garden and grass clip
pings can be used.
A cheap war-time ration is a dry
mash mixture of two parts of bran
and one each of middlings, alfalfa and
beef scrap. This may be fed dry in
hoppers. A mixture of equal partd of
cratch, feed, corn and oats makes a
3
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gardeners, who use it o Increase our
food supply. The slag is also turned
into brick. This has been attempted
again and again without much success.
but they are now making a brick which
is as smooth as porcelain and almost
impervious to water. The slag is also
used for ballast on railroads, and, in
fact, it has been turned from a loss to
a profit.
The crushing of this slag for fertiliz
er is an interesting process. The work
is done by means of a magnet. My
idea of a magnet has been the little
horseshoe with which you lift tacks,
and so electrify your knife that It will
pick up iron fillings or make them
dance around over a sheet of white pa
per. They have magnets here so power
ful that they will lift enormous bodies
of iron and carry them or drop them
at will. Such magnets are used for the
loading of the heaviest steel rails. Two
of them fastened to a traveling crane
overhead will lift up 15 of these long
rails at one time and lay them down
on the cars.
Another magnet. Which is also at
tached to a crane. Is used for the
crushing of limestone and slag. The
crusher is a great round steel ball so
heavy that it would require 30 horses
to haul it if it were placed on a truck
to be carried over a country road. The
ball weighs 15 tons, and it Is as tall as
a man. Nevertheless the magnet drops
down from the crane and kisses it, as
it were. As it rises the ball clings to
its lips and a touch of a button by the
man who is operating the magnet
releases the ball and it falls on the
slag, breaking it and crushing it to a
powder. The power of the magnet
comes from the electric plant, the
good grain ration. These feeds pro
vide the needed amounts of protein,
carbohydrates and fat for a balanced
ration. It is advisable that the fowls
be fed about equal parts of the n.ash
and grain. A pen of 10 or 12 dual
purpose fowls should be allowed about
one quart each of mash and grain
dally. The lighter breeds, like Leg
horns, should be allowed these amounts
for 15 birds.
Growing pullets should be given all
they will eat of these rations. They
need abaundant food to be fitted for
normal development and for egg pro
duction in Fall and Winter. It is bad
economy to stint young stock. Give
them all they will eat and later they
will repay the debt, with Interest.
Waste Foods May Be Usedi
Wastes from the table may be "Jsed
with the mash r-.tion, and the whole
used as a wet mash. Potato skins and
small potatoes should be boiled and
mixed with the mash, which makes an
excellent poultry feed. If the table
wastes contain sufficient meat, the
beef scrap may be omitted from the
mash.
If the poultry keeper has a garden
the weeds should be pulled and cut up
for the flock. Many weeds are thor
oughly appetizing, are nutritious, and
correct the bad effects of over-feeding
PARTRIDGE
THE Partridge Cochin is a -descendant
of the Shanghai, which was
the aristocrat of poultrydom in the
early days of pure-bred poultry cul
ture in America. The Shanghais
were later known as Cochin Chinas and.
later still as Cochins. They were yel
low, gray and red-yellow; the gray
entered into the production of the dark
Brahma, and the reds, which had black
in their plumage, were progenitors of
the present Partridge Cochin.
Because the plumage of the hen re
sembled that of the grouse, this variety
was originally called the Partridge
Grouse Cochin. In 1847 some fine
specimens were ' imported from Eng
land and gave impetus to the breeding
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juice" being turned off and on by the
man who is doing the work.
- After the slag is crushed there is
more or less less iron left in it. This is
taken out by magnets, which are
passed over it again and again until
almost no iron is left. The final crush
ing is done in a ball mill, which con
sists of thousands of manganese steel
balls the size of a marble or larger
They roll around through the slag and
grind it to powder. At the end it is so
fine that it will pass through a mesh
of 300 holes to the square inch. It is
now fertilizer, and is put up in bags
and shipped to the farmers.
One of the surprising things about
the modern steel plant is the small
part that man has in the work. The
machinery is largely automatic, and
although there are 17,000 employes
connected with the Tennessee Coal &
Iron Company, you see but few of
them about the furnaces and in the
great rolling mills. Their work seems
to be largely managed after the motto
of the photographer: "You press the
button and I'll do the rest." The same
force is used over and over again. The
excess gas from the furnaces smelting
the iron goes to the boiler plant and
runs it. The works have 22 great
boilers, which produce more than 16.
000 horsepower. The engines that force
the. blast into the furnaces are run by
these boilers. .They are equipped with
belt wheels as high as a two-story
house.
And then there are the great Inger-soll-Kand
turbines which use the ex
haust steam from the other engines.
They blow 65,000 cubic feet of air per
minute against a pressure of 30 pounds
to the square inch. The machinery of
these engines is quiet. They look as
though they were dead, and it takes
only one man to handle them. Never
theless each turbine does as much as
four big steam engines. It produces
3000 kilowatts of electricity from ex
with corn. In preparing young pullets
for laying, an abundance of green stuff
is better than too much corn. Moldy
corn should never be fed.
At the prevailing prices for meats
and poultry cockerels should be sold for
broilers, as soon as possible. Only pul
lets should be kept. The quarters in
tended for them should be cleaned,
whitewashed and made ready at an
early date. Moving layers is a bad
practice. It is equally bad for pullets.
It tends to check their development.
As soon as possible in September or
October the pullets should be placed
in the house or pen they are to occupy
for the Winter.
Extra Care Required.
Pullets" Intended for Fall production
should have a little extra care. If they
seem droopy, watch for mites. These
pests work at night, crawling on the
birds and gorging themselves with
blood. The best care and feeding can
not overcome this blcod drain if the
mites are numerous. They weaken the
growing stock and prevent develop
ment. If possible pullets should be kept in
a house and yard by themselves. The
house should liave a roosting place,
scratching pen, dust bath and nesting
places. Keep the pullets off tall grass
on wet or stormy days. Use every pre-
COCHIX,
of this variety, which now reaches its
finest development here. The fowls at
tain enormous size, weighing 7 to 9
pounds for females and 8 to 11 pounds
for males.
They are regarded as the best layers
of all the Cochin family and are es
teemed for the production of capons.
Their handsome coloration makes them
favorites with fanciers.
As a utility fowl the Partridge
Cochin has always been preferred to
other Cochins. It has the reputation
of being a better layer and is equally
handsome when dressed. It has yel
low skin, and legs and the eggs are
rich, dark brown. The chicks are rug
ged and grow fast, though, like all
other Asiatics, they take a long time
to mature.
f'roducZs are ee.
haust steam which once went to waste
The whole- plant.' in short, shows a
wonderful economization and reproduc
tion of force. It takes the giant gas
and turns him into steam, and works
him Until he is worn to a frazzle. After
that it picks Up his remains and
change him into electricity and works
him over again. . -
This same spirit of common sense and
broad-gauge economy b.as been adopted
in handling the labor connected with
the work of this iron and steel making
company. President Crawford believes
that the health and spirits of the men
in the plants are as important a cost
efficiency item as the character of the
machinery and the raw material that
goes through it. He looks upon human
labor as a commercial asset, and his
welfare work, which is large, is based
upon the profits that, accrue therefrom
to the works. He has here the largest
steels plant in the South. It includes
mines of "coal and iron, many great
furnaces anT an enormous by-product
plant. He has altogether about 17.000
workmen, of whom 8000 are negroes,
about 7000 white Americans, and. in
addition, more than 2000 foreigners. It
was Mr. Crawford's work to take this
labor material and to increase its efil
clency to the highest possible degree.
When he took charge many predicted
his failure. The steel men of the North
said you could not make good steel
with negro labor, and that the white
and colored men would not work well
together. He has proved that they
were wrong, and he has today a force
which is said to be one of the best in
the country. ...
In reorganizing the labor Mr. Craw
ford had a rigid physical examination
of the laborers and of all who asked
tnr employment. He went on tne prin
clple that a sick man could not do good
work, and he first weeded out those
Who had contagious or infectious dls-
caution to keep . them from, getting
bowel trouble-or colds. Colds in the
Fall easily develop into roup, a dis
ease which must be avoided. It may
not prove fatal, but it will surely de
lay laying.
Scratching Pen Eaaeatlal.
If fowls have no means of exercis
ing their scratching habits they soon
Ina. thplr vlc-or. To keeD fowls busy.
especially as the cold days approach, a
scratching pen becomes a necessity, it
should be provided with two or three
Inches of. clean litter, into which the
grain is thrown. The birds should be
encouraged to work for all their grain
feed.
For litter a good combination is dried
leaves, hay and straw in about- equal
proportion. Any coarse material, how
ever, will serve equally well. Some
poultrymen recommend dry sand. If
litter is used the scratching pen should
The question often arises
How many hens should be kept
in a given space? How much
yard room is necessary? How
many nests to provide for the
flock? What perch room is re
quired? In next week's article
these .and other .problems are -answered
In detail on a unit
basis.
be cleanedonce a week. The fine ma
terial may be used under the perches.
This is organic matter. It makes a
good absorbent for the droppings, acts
as a preservative and forms a good
fertilizer for gardens.
m A dust bath should be located in a
dry place, where the sun shines into
it. The object of this is to enable the
fowls to free themselves from lice.
As necessary aids to egg production
the fowls should have oyster shells,
grit and charcoal. These materials are
especially needed when snow Is on the
ground and the layers are confined in
doors. Green food of some kind should be
fed, because it keeps fowls in health
and stimulates the appetite. Alfalfa
or clover in the wet mash, supple
mented with cabbage, will serve this
purpose. A continuous supply of geen
food may be obtained by sprouting oats
or rye.
ARMOUR SELLS BIG PLANT
Biggest Fertilizer Company In West
Takes Over Warehouses.
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 28. A letter
sent out the other day by the Los
Angeles office of the Armour Fer
tilizer Works makes public a deal of
considerable interest to the agricul
tural industries of Southern Califor
nia. The Armour Fertilizer Works Is re
tiring from the field in California,
and the local warehouses and sales
have been taken over by the Pacific
Guano and Fertilizer Company, 718
Central building.
It is understood that the Armour
plants at Colton and Porterville will
be closed. All mixed goods will be
shipped from the Stege and Berkeley
plants of the Pacific Guano & Fer
tilizer Company. Packing-house by
products, such a" dried blood, tankage,
bonemeal, etc., will be chipped dlront
from the Eastern packing plants to
the California warehouses as in the
past. y
The Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Com
pany operates the largest fertilizer
plants in the West, and in the
Hawaiian Islands, and is also Identified
with the lime industry, handling all
types of agricultural lime, gypsum, etc.
South African farmers are planting
larger areas in sisal than they have
done in the past, recognizing' that the
cost of operation decreases as the size
of the plantation i enlarged.
' , .rtwassr" zsjxsss i. Ns f j $t s
eases. Among other things he investi
gated the teeth of the men and brought
in a corps of dentists to Keep them, in
order. In speaking of this to me he
said: "When I came here I found that
we were fixing the teeth of our mules,
but were paying no attention to the
teeth of the men. We had 800 mules
and we kept veterinary surgeons to
file their teeth and fit them tor chew
ing. I was told that 15 per cent of
the mules needed attention, and 1
thought if that was so the teeth of the
men might be equally bad. As a re
sult we put the dentists to work, and
we now have the teeth of all the em
ployes gone over at regular intervals.
Men asking for work are rejected if
their teeth are in bad condition, and it
a man has several bad teeth he mast
get them fixed before we can give him
a permanent job. If he has no money
we sometimes allow him to pay the
bill on the installment plan."
As it is now. the steel plant has a
medical corps of 38 doctors and these
are stationed at the mines and villages
which are away from the cities. There
are also some in the main plant. It is
arranged so that the doctors will take
care of a workman and his family at a
fixed charge of 75 cents a month the
year round. The men pay their bills
on the principle of the Chinese. That
is. they pay the doctors to keep them
well, and the longer they are sick the
more it costs the doctor. This service
is not compulsory, but I understand
that 85 per cent of tne men have ac
cepted it and have themselves and their
families cared for in tnis way.
I talked with President Crawford
about the success of his medical treat
ment. Said he:
"We are well satisfied with it. I
look upon disease as an accident. It
comes from a lot of bad microbes get
ting into your system. The diseased
man cannot do efficient work, and we
find that we have greatly Increased
the value of our labor force by getting
them into the habit of taking care of
themselves. We have established bath
houses at all of our plants, with such
arrangements that the men can take
CAREFUL HANDLING NECESSARY
IF APPLE CROP IS TO BE SAVED
Growers Advised to Give Volunteer Pickers Instructions and to Get Fruit
Into Storage as Quickly as Possible.
THIS year's apple crop will be har
vested In most sections with vol
unteer pickers, men and women,
boys and girls, who will be intelligent
and interested, but very likely quite
unfamiliar with fruit picking The
crews are now being recruited all over
the country by etate councils of de
fense. Chambers of Commerce, women's
organizations and other people anxious
to help with the apple crop.
Each grower should now get in touch
with the Chamber of Commerce, or eome
other representative business organi
zation In his nearest town, tell how
many pickers he will need, when he
will need them, for how long, and what
arrangements he can make for housing
or boarding them.
When his crew of volunteer pickers
reports for duty he must open a little
school for a Cay or two, ana give them
practical instruction in their new work.
Many of them perhaps have never
climbed into an apple tree, and even
those who have may not understand
that apple picking is a kind of work
tht requires as much delicacy as
gathering eggs.
Let the grower tell his pickers now
the skin of an apple, or any other kind
of fruit or vegetable, is like the tin
that protects canned goods. As the
tin that incloses a can of tomatoes
guards the sterilized contents from the
ir, and as even a slight pin hole in
this tin would allow the air to enter
and carry germs of decay, so the skin
of an apple protects its flesh, which is
perfectly Bterile, and the least cut, even
a dent made by a finger nail, allows
germs to enter and etart decay. A cut
so tiny that it can only be detected
under the microscope at picking time
will, nevertheless, start a germ in
vasion which will show up later when
the apple Is packed and put into stor
age.
For this reason great care must be
taken in picking fruit. The growers
should show their pickers how to grasp
an apple and give it the skillful twlBt
that separates it from the tree. He
must caution them against dropping
the apples carelessly in the boxes and
baskets, and see that they have pick
ing baskets and 3eld boxes which are
free from splinters and nails.
This year's crop will have to be man
aged along somewhat different lines
in many sections. With a crew of
trained pickers and packers it is cus
tomary to grade and pack much of the
fruit as fast as it comes from the
trees. There will probably be a short
age of packers, and many growers
will have to devote all their efforts to
picking the crop and getting it into
temporary storage first, and then pack
ing it later.
More good apples - are spoiled every
year by carelessness between the time
they are picked and th time they are
packed than in any other way. Fall
nights are cool, but' Fall days are apt
to be warm. Apples are left In the orch
ard several days and alternately cool
and neat with tne changes In tempera
ture until their quality deteriorates.
The proper way to care for apples Is
to put them into common storage as
soon as they come from the tree. Almost
any good tight building will answer
for the temporary storage needed be
tween picking and packing.
When fruit leaves the tree it contains
vegetable heat just as an animal has
off their working clothes and have a
bath before putting on a clean suit to
wear home. This keeps the dirt out of
the house, and their families are im
proved by. the change.
"We believe in having good homes for
the men, and we have built comfortable
tenant houses which we lease at low
prices. We have established schools
and kindergartens where our plants are
away from the cities, and we find that
this has been of value along the line of
cost efficiency. We are not doing it as
welfare work. It is a matter of busi
ness. It pays."
In connection with the welfare work
of the plant is the industrial village of
Fairfield, modeled after the town of
Gary, on the shore of Lake Michigan.
This was not built by the steel com
pany, but by a local syndicate, which,
sent men over the country to study in
dustrial villages and make the plans.
The town was laid out by a landscape
gardener, and is one of the model mill
towns of the South. It adjoins the
steel works and there are other great
industrial plants nearby. It covers al
together about 240 acres, which in
cludes an athletic field, a central park
area and amusement grounds. It has a
town hall, a library, a T. M. C. A. and a
public bath. It has a bank and some
stores. It has about 20 miles of paved
streets and an equal length of cement
sidewalks.
Fairfield reminds me of some of the
beautiful villages along the southern
shores of Lake Erie. It is to be a for
est city, more than 100,000 shrubs and
trees having been set out. The houses
are pretty one-story cottages, running
along well shaded streets. Each house
has its own lawn and garden, and there
is only one house to the lot. The houses
are heated by furnaces, lighted by elec
tricity and their floors are of hard
wood. They have baths with porcelain
tubs and each house has its laundry.
They rent for $17 and upwards a month,
according to size. These houses are
exclusively for the whites. The colored
laborers have a settlement of their own
over the hills nearby.
animal heat, and as the carcass of an
animal will spoil after killing, unless
It is properly cooled, so fruit will spoil
unless cooled. With a tight shed, into
which fruit can be carried direct from
the orchard, the grower can use the
cool nights of Autumn to take the heat
out of his fruit. Doors and windows
of the temporary storage shed should
be opened at night to admit plentiful
currents of cool air, and when the sun.
comes up and the outside air -grows
warm again, this storage place should
be closed to exclude the warm outer air
as much as possible, and keep the fruit
nicely cooled. If pples are handled in
this simple and sensible way thy will
have prime keeping quality and the
work of grading and packing can be
postponed for several weeks.
There Is a fairly large apple crop
throughout the country this year. It
amounts to about two bushels for every
man, woman and child in the United
States. From the consumers' stand
point it is important to have as much,
of this fruit as possible go to market
in first-class condition, so that it may
help us conserve wl.eat, meat, fats and
other staple foods for our allies. From
the producers' standpoint it is Just as
Important to harvest the crop in the
best condition because the size of our
apple crop this year is such that only
the nest fruit will bring good prices.
Guticura Eloaled
VcrySoroInflamcd
Pimples On Ears
Scale Formed Over Them. Itched So
Scratched. Used 3 Cakes Cuticura
Soap and 2 Boxes Ointment.
"My ears got very sore and would
inflame and then I had earaches and
scales formed on the backs of my ears.
The appearance of the breikinp out was
like small pimples which would break
and then a scale would form over them,
and get very sore and red. It itched so
that I coula hardly keep from scratching-.
This lasted almost a year.
' 'Then I was told to use Cuticura Soap
and Ointment which I did, and I only
used three cakes of Cuticura Soap and
two boxes of Cuticura Ointment when
I was healed." (Signed) Miss Kdith
McGlothlin. R. F. D. 2, Winters, Cal.,
February 18, 1917.
It is distressing to reflect that much,
if not all, of this suffering might have
been prevented by using Cuticura Soap
and no other for every-day toilet pur
poses, with a little Cuticura Ointment
now and then as needed to soothe and
heal the first signs of skin or scalp
troubles. Nothing purer or sweeter
than these delicate emollients.
For Free Sample Each by Return
Mail address post-card: "Cuticura.
Dept. H, Boston." Sold everywhere.
Soap 25c Ointment 25 and 50e.
1