THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, JULY 15, 1917.
TEACHER DEFENDS
MUZZEY'S HISTORY
TheMost Sensational
Bargain Event Ever
Held in Portland
Criticisms by Judge Wallace
McCamant Answered by
. Professor Augur.
14
TEXT IS HELD ACCURATE
Iack of Patriotism of Writer Is
Denied, and Partisanship Is
Said to Be on Part of Judge
Rather Than Author.
A sharp reply to criticisms by Judge
Wallace McCamant, of the State Su
preme Court, against the use of Muz
xey's History of the United States as
a textbook in the Portland high schools
on the ground that it is partisan, un
patriotic and full of inaccuracies. Is
made by Professor Herbert B. Augur,
B. A., M. A., Yale, head of the depart
ment of history at the Jefferson High
School.
Professor Augur, who is also a mem
ber of the Sons of the American Rev
olution, was one of those mainly re
sponsible for the selection of Muzzey's
history for the Portland public schools.
He comes to a spirited defense of the
book.
In hes reply. In which he discusses
In detail various of the charges made
by Judge McCamant, Professor Augur
refers to "The superficial incursion
into our educational system" made by
the Judge.
- He declares that it is Judge McCam
ant himself, not Muzzey's history, that
is partisan, and asserts that the charge
of being historically Inaccurate "was
dragged in purely and simply to bolster
up the other charges."
Inaccuracies Xot Uncommon.
"I have never yet seen a high school
history text that did not contain some
slight inaccuracies," he adds. "The
one used formerly in our high schools
contained many of them and yet no
patriotic Judge lifted up his voice in
condemnation."
As to the charge that the history is
unpatriotic. Professor Augur comments:
"Of course it is on this ground that
Julge McCamant expects to win his
case. Hence, he has chosen this time
to launch his attack and, knowing that
bis charges under this head must per
force be more or less nebulous, has
bolstered them up with his other
charges."
He then proceeds to discuss the
charges of unpatriotism in considerable
detail.
In view of the fact that Muzzey's
history is in use in several states as a
high school textbook, the controversy
is of particular interest during the
session here of the National Education
Association.
Muney'i Text Defended.
Professor Augur's discussion of Judge
McCamant's charges against Muzzey's
history and his defense of the history,
which he gave out yesterday in a
signed statement, follows in full:
As one of the committee appointed some
four years ago to recommend to the School
JUoard a textbook in American history for
i'-e in our Portland high schols, I have nat
urally been somewhat interested in the at
tack made by Judge McCamant upon the
book In whose selection I was largely In
strumental. At the time established for the periodical
choice of textbooks for our local schools
the committee appointed to recommend suit
able textbook In history and .civics and
economics consisted of the principals of
the three high schools then existing and
the heads of the departments of history in
each of them.
All Texts Examined.
We examined very carefully all of the
icxtoooKs in American History for hieh
schools that were on the market at that
time and agreed unanimously that Muzzey's
text was tne best. The school Board, act
ins in accordance with our recommendation.
entered Into a contract with the publishers
lor its use m .fortiana. lor lour years, which
period will expire at the end of another
year. I take it that the contract for the
use of the book in question cannot be abro
gated before the expiration of another year.
aitnougn tne juage appointed to uphold
our laws does hint that it may be "evaded,"
but since the attack has been made at
this time, and since it seems to reflect upon
any Judgment as one instrumental in secur
ing this text for our high schools, I feel
that it is not out of place for me to come
to the defense of a book which I still
greatly admire.
Three Charges Made.
The Judge's charges against Muzzey's text
resolve themselves under three heads: First,
that it is Inaccurate; second, that it is
partisan, and third, that it is unpatriotic
It is very plain that the Judge is chiefly
and primarily peeved with Muzzey on ac
count of what he considers his partisanship
and lack of patriotism and that the charge
of inaccuracy was dragged in purely and
simply to bolster up the other charges. 1
have never yet seen a high-school history
text that did not contain some slight in
accuracies. The one used formerly in our
high schools contained many of them, and
yet no patriotic Judge lifted up his voice
in condemnation. Surely the statement that
the Battle of Antietam occurred on Sep
tember 16, when in reality it ended on
September 1", or that George Rogers Clark
hai a dash of Cavalier blood in his veins
when In reality he was largely of Scotch
Irish extraction like Judge McCamant
ought not to be" sufficient to make the
Judge "Indignant that this work should have
found entrance to the public schools."
The Judge has set himself resolutely to
-the task of knocking Muzzey's text out
cf our Portland schools and he uses all the
clever tricks of a skillful practitioner to
carry his point. One of these is to make
a few charges of petty inaccuracy which
lie can prove, mingle with these many
attacks which are merely moot matters of
opinion which he cannot prove and con
vey the impression that because the few
minor criticisms can be proved, ergo all
the rest are true. I think that Muzzey can
enter a demurrer to the Judge's pleas of
inaccuracy and still win his case.
Next, as to the plea of partisanship. The
fact that Judge McCamant praises Thad
.Stevens and Hoscoe Conk I trig- and several
times quotes Thomas C. Piatt as "his au
thority in political matters is prima facie
evidence that the partisanship is very
largely on his side. I shall take up in de
tail a few of the Judge s charges under
this neaa:
(1) The statement that General Grant
"as a statesman was pitiable" is absolutely
true. We all acknowledge that Grant was
a great General, perhaps one of the great
est in history, and that he was a fine, big- i
hearted man: but that is no reason why
history should be distorted and that he i
should be endowed with qualities which all
historians know he did not possess.
f- As to the statement. A clique of
"Wall-street bankers practically managed, the
country during Grant's Presidency," the
Judge says in reply, I believe it to be un
true." Later on ie says "I do not think
that David B. HI 71 can be described as an
unscrupulous politician." Again he says
anent MeKinley rather than Mark Hanna
b-lng "the advance agent of prosperity,"
"In my opinion, he proved to be such."
Once more ht says. "I think the author is
in error in his statement that Mr. Roose
velt set too high a standard of official
morality, etc." These are merely a few
of the Judge's words of expression, which
prove conclusively that his brief against
Muzzey is almost entirely a matter of his
private opinion, and those of us that have
known the Judge long know him to be the
prince of standpatters In this state.
3 The Judge criticises very severely
Muszeys praise of the policy of the conser
vation of this country's natural resources.
He says "It is believed that the people,
by an overwhelming majority, are of the
opinion that it is better for all concerned
that the great West bo settled up. developed
and exploited." rather than that the Gov
ernment exercise care In conserving for the
heneflt of future generations our forests
and other natural resources.
How does the learned Judge know what
Js the opinion of an overwhelming i
jority vt people" of this) country iA this
Gigantic Slsma:
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matter Here, aa elsewhere. the Judge1
shows the cloven hoof of tlve ta.ndDatter
and the corporation lawyer. i
The Judge quote- without comment Muz- I
zey's statement, "The lumbermen, the whis
ky distillers, the oil, lead and uica.r re
finers, the robe makers, the iron smelters,
with many other 'captains1 of industry' were
consolidated into great trusts. Their wealth
save them great influence an Congress, and
their Influence was steadily exerted against
the reduction of tariff duties, which shielded
them against foreign competition." His In
tention in quoting this is probably to show
the author's inaccuracy or partisanship, and
yet he must consider hks Jury simpletons
not to recognize the absolute truth of Muz
zey's statement.
5. The judge quotes Muzzey's statement:
"for a solid quarter of a century after 1S80)
the Solid South was found In the Demo
cratic column," and says. "This statement Is
untrue, because at different times L la
were, Maryland, West Virginia and Ken
tucky have been found in the Republican
column. The Judge's statement is untrue.
These states have never been considered
parts of the "Solid South," but border state.
Patriotism Not Lacklnr-
Now as to the author's lack of patriotism.
Of course It is on this ground that Judge
McCamant expects to win his case. Hence
he has chosen this time to launch his at
tack, and knowing that his charges under
this head must perforce bs more or less
verbatim has bolstered them up with his
other charges.
1. He charges the "omission of hero
tales calculated to inspire the Imagination
of the young.". His charge is true. Th
book is not replete with hero tales. The
Judge in his superficial incursion into our
educational system has overlooked the fact
that all students in our grade schools study
American history, and that at that time
they are taught all the "hero tales" whose
omission in Muzzey our critic so greatly de
plores. A J so. our critic, being a lawyer
and not a teacher, is evidently unaware
that the time devoted to the study in high
school must be divided with that devoted
to civics, English, mathematics and other
subjects, and that, therefore, the text book
in history must be of limited compass. If
It is filled with accounts of battles and "hero
tales" it cannot be at the same time filled
with th story of the Nation's social and
economic development. Of course it Is a
question aa to which line of instruction Is
the more valuable. I will state this, how
ever, that as a student of history myself
and a teacher of 19 years' experience, I
know that all writers of history text books
for more mature minds emphasize, these
days, the economic and social phases of
history rather than the political. And the
Judge must remember that the students
of American history In our high schools
ranc in aa between 16 and 0. Students
of this age are not to be taught patriotism
through "hero tales." but through m knowl
edge said realization of their duties toward
their fellow-men, towsvrd the state, and m
willingness to assume those duties. This Is
my conception of patriotism, and this Is
the way I am trying to teach It, ably as
sisted by Muzzey's text.
Now, let ir take up just a few of Judge
McCamant's Ideas as to Muzzey's lack of
patriotism.
1. Our author la unpatriotic because he
praises La Pollette and La Pollette ts one
of the "willful twelve." Granted, but Mr.
Muzzey wrote his text several years before
that episode, and whatever we may think
La Pollette now his reputation then was
first-class.
2. Muzzey says that socialism has been
associated in the public mind with violence,
revolution and a hateful war of the poor
against the rich. McCamant criticises this
statement. Well. It is true, isn't It? Muzzey
follows this statement with an attempt to
show what the aims of the Socialists are.
Surely that is something that all students
ought to know. I am not a Socialist, neither
is Muzzey, but the devil ought to be given
his due. 3. Muzzey nowhere says, as
charged by Judge McCamant. that the
"construction of batteleships Is a waste of
the nation's substance." He does show how
the money expended for preparedness for
war might be devoted to other useful pur
poses, but remember that this was written
In 1911, when no one In this country dreamed
that the Hohenxollern maniac was going to
run amuck.
4. The Judge says. "The author passes
over and under-rates the importance of the
outrages perpetrated In the Southern States
during the reconstruction period, on negroes
and on white men of Northern sympathies."
Right here is where Mr. McCamant utterly
disqualifies himself ss a Judge of what
sort of text book is suitable for our public
schools, and in my opinion Impugns his
own much vaunted patriotism.
The Judge would perpetuate the hatred
of the North for the South, which, thank
God, our generation has seen extinguished.
Is It the part of patriotism, especially at
a time like this, when we need above all
a united country to cast sturs upon our
brethren of the South and plant again 'the
seeds of discord? Mr. Muzzey holds the at
titude in this matter diametrically opposite
to that of Judge McCamant. and if the lat
ter expects this plea to win his case he loses.
Finally, the Judge delivers himself of
the dictum that no high school history text
should be brought down nearer to the
present time than 20 years ago. All I can
say about this is that If the Judge were a
teacher of history he would b mightily
lonesome In his opinion.
UTOPIA REBEKAHS INSTALL
Phone your want ads to The Oregro
nlan. Main 7070, A 6095.
Mrs. Christine Anderson Takes Of
fice as Past Grand.
The newly-elected officers of Utopia
Rebekah Lodge. Oddfellows, were in
stalled at the regular session Thursday
night in Orient Hall. East Sixth and
Alder streets. The new officials are:
Mrs. Christine Anderson, past grand;
Mrs. Emma Sharon, noble grand: Jessie
Henderson, secretary: Mrs. Anna Cur
rier, treasurer: Mrs. Mae Rushligrht.
warden; Mrs. Anna Woertendyke, con
ductor; Mrs. fcmma Maple, chaplain;
George Minor, right supporter noble
grand; Mrs. Lena Weetbrook. left sup
porter noble grand; Mrs. Allie Haley,
right supporter vice grand; Mrs. Clara
Brown, left supporter vice grand: in
side guardian, M s. Agnes Foss; out
side guardian. A- K. Currier.
The officers were installed by Mrs.
Nellie Barney, district deputy, and Mrs.
Isabella Faulkner, deputy grand mar-
shall, assisted by the installing staff.
The noble grand made the following
appointments: Mrs. Anna Holt, musi
cian; Mrs. Jennie Kistler. captain; Mrs.
Ida J. Steele, correspondent; Mrs. C
Anderson, Mrs. - Daisey Coe and Mrs.
Emma Maple, finance committee.
The retiring grand master was show
ered with flowers.
Among the distinguished guests
present were Mrs. Jessie White, grand
warden, and Mrs. Brtha Johnson,
trustee, both of the Rebekah Assembly
of Oregon. ,
Past Grand Master Henry S. West
brook presented Mrs. Anderson with a.
past grand collar, in behalf of four of
her close friends.
At the close of the lodge the assem
bly adjourned to the banquet hall for
refreshments. Here Mrs. Ella Christ
man, vice grand, presented to Mrs. An
derson a silk umbrella in behalf of the
lodge, for her untiring service during
her term of office.
"Much evil comes from bad com
pany," as the man said who found him--self
on the gallows by the Bide of the
hangman.