The Sunday Oregonian., July 01, 1917, SECTION FIVE, Page 4, Image 64

THE STJXDAT OREGOXIAX, PORTLAXIV JULY 1, 1917.
Domestic Problems as Worked Out by the
filter Y
i lfr li
BY RENE BACHE.
HOW shall the wartime housewife
save the food? This Is a prob
lem which the U. fi. Government
office of home economics is trylngr with
all its might to work out.
The big war-time problem of con
serving food divides itself naturally
Into two parts. How shall the house
wife avoid waste? And, secondly, how
shall she buy her food supplies in such
fashion as to pet the most nutriment
for least money?
On this subject Uncle Sam's experts
have a number of useful suggestions
to offer confined, however, in this
article, to the cereal foode, which in
every family make up the bulk of the
diet.
Where food is concerned, Americans
aire said to be the most wasteful people
In the world. And in the average
American household more bread goes
to waste than any other kind of food.
This happens mainly because the house
wife does not know what to do with
ller stale bread.
Bread that has been cut gets stale
snore rapidly than an uncut loaf and,
unless the housewife plans very care
fully, she is likely to find her bread
box full of hard, dry slices and ends of
loaves that are of no use on the table.
Saving? Waste in Bread.
Such slices and loaf-ends are com
monly thrown into the garbage pail.
It is a really wicked waste, especially
under present circumstances, and to
void it, two things may be done. The
stale bread may be treated in a way to
make it appetizing or it may be used
in cooking.
To the average American housewife,
toasting is the only accepted method
tor utilizing stale bread. But there
are many other ways in which it may
be turned to useful account. - For in
stance, when a loaf has lost its fresh
ness, it is a good idea to cut off what
will be needed for a meal and place
the slices in a hot oven for a few min
utes Just before serving. The heat
softens them and they will be found
very palatable.
If stale slices of bread be placed in
the warming oven, or in a pan on the
back of the stove, and allowed to dry
out very slowly until they are slightly
"brown and crisp throughout, they will
taste delicious.
This 'twice-baked" bread, if desired,
may be crushed with a rolling-pin and
used like a "ready-to-eat" breakfast
cereal. Eaten with cream and sugar
or otherwise it i equally nutritious and
highly satisfactory to the palate.
Odds and ends of bread remnants may
be cut up into small cubes and fried in
lard, for use as "croutons" in soup
particularly pea soup, to which they
are a great addition. Broken bread and
reheated gravies make a nourishing
dish.
French cooks frequently put scraps
Of stale bread into soups. Just long
enough before serving to allow them to
soften. The familiar "croute-au-pot"
(crust in the pot) of the best restau
rants is simply a thin soup with bread
in it.
Remnants of cereal- breakfast foods
may often be employed in making pal
atable dishes, thickening soups, etc.
Thus, for example, small quantities of
cooked cereal left over from a meal can
' be molded in cups and reheated for
later use by setting the cups in boiling
water.
The practice ' of f rylnr the 'left
overs- of boiled hominy or cornmeal
mush la as old as the settlement of this
country, and the nursery song about
the "bog pudding" the queen did make
from King Arthur's barley meal shows
that for centuries other cereals have
been treated In the same way.
Oatmeal Oyster."
A dish wih which few housewives
are acquainted Is "oatmeal oysters."
The latter are croquettes of left-over
oatmeal, dipped In egg and crumbs and
fried.
A cupful of rice weighs 8 ounces, a
cupful of flour 4 ounces and a cupful
of flaked breakfast cereal scarcely half
an ounce. Obviously, then. It is not
bulk that makes food-value. Weight
is what counts. The housewife is rec
ommended to keep this in mind when
she wishes to buy food as cheaply as
possible.
One cupful of uncooked riae or oat
meal will make over four cupfuls,
boiled. But, of course, the difference
in bulk represents merely the water
that has" been absorbed by the cereal.
The housewife must allow for that
when she reckons the quantity of nutri
ment that the dish supplies.
On the other hand, if the cereal be
cooked in skim milk, which is rich in
"protein" (the stuff that makes muscle
and blood), this valuable material is
taken up by the oatmeal or rice, and
the dish is Just that much more nutri
tious. A cupful of rice cooked slowly in a
double-boiler can be made to take up
six cupfuls of skim-milk and the
amount of tissue-building material the
resulting dish contains will be about
four times as great as that of the rice
alone.
Next to bread and biscuits, the most
common way of using cereals is in the
form of the so-called breakfast foods.
These preparations have been marvel
lously differentiated within the last
few years. Maiae is pressed into thin
flakes and baked crisp; rice in the
whole grains is cooked under pressure,
so that they puff or pop like popped
corn. Oats are partly cooked by steam
and then run between rollers which
flatten them out. Here, indeed, is one
of the most remarkable developments
of Yankee industrial Ingenuity.
The housekeeper who wishes to be
economical should, in buying such
products, note the net weight (which
the law now requires to be marked on
every package), and. from this and the
price, reckon the cost per pound. Some
breakfast foods retail at 48 cents a
pound (15 cents for a 5-ounce pack
age): others at 5 or 6 cents.
Speaking of cereal foods in a gen
eral way. the uncooked ones (as might
be expected) are cheapest. The house
wife can buy hominy, cracked wheat or
unsteamed oatmeal for less than she
would have to pay for the same articles
partly cooked or "ready to eat," in
packages. Each housewife must de
cide for herself whether the greater
convenience and attractiveness of the
package goods are worth the differ
ence in cost.
It is cheaper to buy in bulk than by
the package. Steam-cooked oats can
be bought in bulk. The larger her fam
ily is. and the more storage space she
has available, the greater the advan
tage to the housewife of buying cereals
In bulk. But she must be sure to keep
them in receptacles proof against In
vasion by insects, lest a wholesale de
United States Government
Office of Home Economic 9and
How Practical Frugalities
Are Applied to the Little Daily
Problems of the Kitchen.
struction of her stock on hand bring
the economy account to the debit aide
of the ledger.
Cooked and Partly Cooked,
Partly-cooked cereals cost less than
the "ready-to-eat" kinds the latter re
quiring no preparation for the table, or
only enough to make them warm and
"crispy." But fuel and labor are needed
to prepare cereals In the home and the
wise housekeeper reckons with these
considerations in deciding which kind
is more economical for her own use.
In "light housekeeping" the con
venience of the "ready-to-eat" prepara
tions often more than compensates for
their higher cost. Indeed, from the
viewpoint of any home manager whose
means are not too restricted, the pleas
ant variety offered by cereals manu
factured in the more elaborate ways
may seem worth a few cents extra.
Cereals prepared in the household
(leaving bread and biscuits out of the
question) are commonly not cooked
enough. Hominy, for instance, should
be cooked for at least an hour and a
half In a doubie-boiler.
The proper salting of cereals is most
important. In the plain boiled cereals
or mushes the careful use of salt may
make all the difference between an
appetizing and an unpalatable dish. A
good general rule is to allow one tea
spoonful of salt to each quart of water.
Oriddle-cakes and pancakes are really
a kind of thin bread, cooked on a thin
surface instead of in the oven. In
planning meals the wise housekeeper
will think of them in this way.
The greater part played by cereals,
the cheaper the diet. But, say the Gov
ernment experts, while to a certain
point it may be prudent to cut down
LEGAL SIDELIGHTS FOR
LAWYERS AND LAYMEN
BY REYNELLE G. K. CORNISH. OP POKTLAAD BAIL
BURGLARY Insurance and holdups.
Insurance companies are usually
very anxious to have their pol
icies strictly construed, especially when
a loss has occurred and the policy
holder is seeking to recover, and the
Insured is eaually anxious to stretch
the terms of the policy as far as pos
sible in order that it may cover the par
ticular means by which he has suf
fered damage. The result Is often a
suit in court, as in the case of Mary
land Casualty Company v. Ballard Na
tional Bank 120 S. W. 301.
In this case the bank had been en
tered by thieves after banking hours
and the cashier held up at the point of
a pistol and compelled to open the safe.
The plaintiff sued the insurance com
pany under a burglary insurance policy
containing a clause for indemnity "for
all loss by burglary of money, bullion,
bank notes ... in consequence of
the felonious . extraction of the same
from the safe or safes described in the
said schedule and located in the bank
ing room also described in the said
schedule and hereinafter called the
premises, by any person or persons
who shall have made entry into such
safe or safes by the use of tools or
explosives directly thereupon, in the
sum of $5000" on the ground that the
cashier was employed as a . "tool"
within the terms of the policy.
Some Easy
Economies
STALE. BREAD can be toast
ed, ground for a breakfast
food, broken up for soup.
LEFT OVER CEREALS can be
reheated, used in puddings,
served in croquettes.
CEREALS help cheapen the
diet.
LEFT OVER HOMINY Or corn
meal. can be fried.
BROKEN BREAD and reheat
ed gravies make, a nourishing
dish.
PANCAKES can be made a
valuable pari of the diet. .
BUT the government ex
perts warn against-cutting
down too far the use of meat,
eggs, butter, sugar,fruits and
vegetables.
the allowance of meat, eggs, butter,
sugar, fruits and vegetables, there is
a limit beyond which this reduction
cannot be safely carried. Cereals alone
are not adequate for the maintenance
in health of the human body.
While the housewife is so earnestly
advised to save her loaf-ends and odd
bread slices, a wholesale waste of
precious breadstuff.-) is permitted for
the manufacture of "hard liquor." Dur
ing the last year 41,000.000 bushels of
grain in this country were distilled for
whiBky.
The quantity of grain required to
make one big drink of whisky will fur
nish the material for six ounces of
bread more than half of the ordinary
loaf of today. In a twelvemonth enough
grain is used in the United States for
distilling to furnish 13.000.000 people
with a pound loaf every day in the
year!
The court refused to read ruch a con
struction into the policy, saying In
part: "It is true that the word "tool"
has several meanings, and in one sense
one person may be the tool of another.
In this sense, the cashier in opening
the safe and in opening the Inner cheat
was the tool of the robbers: but when
we read the whole policy it is mani
fest that this is not the kind of tool
that the policy contemplates.
"It is a burglary policy. The In
demnity Is for all loss by burglary of
money. . bullion, etc.. by any person
who shall have made entry Into the
safe by the use of tools or explosives
directly thereon. Burglars' tools and
explosives are eveidently what the
policy refers to. The Insurance la in
effect of the sufficiency of the safe
against the tools and explosives of
burglars. That It was not con
templated that the company should be
liable where an officer of the bank
was held up, as was done here, and
no violence was done, is shown by the
provision that the company Is not to
be liable for any robbery by holdup
unless the regular working force is at
work in the bank.
"The Insurance was not against all
loss at the hands of burglars and rob
bers. The money was required to be
put in an inner safe or chest, and the
insurance company was. not to be re
sponsible unless there was a, forcible
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entry by tools or explosives not only
into the safe, but also Into the chest.
"Fairly construed, this policy does
not cover a loss by hold-up, where,
after the money is put in the safe, and
the working force of the bank Las
left, an officer of the bank is held up
and required to open the bank and
safe."
.
Negotiable Instruments A concise
statement of the rules governing the
transfer of negotiable Instruments and
the conditions which led to their origin
is well stated by the Court In Knox vs.
Eden Musee American Co. 42 N. E. 988
In which the Court said In part as fol
lows: - -
The rigid rule of the common law
which prohibited the assignment of
choses in action was. In England, at an
early day. relaxed to some extent to
conform to the usages of the merchants
and the necessities of commerce, and
at length, by the aid of statutes and
Judicial decisions, bills or exchange and
promissory . notes were completely
taken out of its influence, and they
came to have distinct attributes and
qualities not . pertaining to any other
form of contract.
They were not only made transfera
ble by delivery and suable Jn the name
of the transferee, but. contrary to the
general rule of the common law. hon
est acquisition for value .was held to
give the transferee a new and original
title, wholly Independent of that of the
prior holder and subject to no infirmity
which affected the paper In his hands.
The real owner who had been despoiled
of the paper by robbery or theft, or
who had lost it without negligence, was
precluded from reclaiming it. and "the
maker, although he had been defrauded
into executing it, could not be heard to
allege the fraud as a defense against a
bona fide holder. ' And the transferee,
although he may have been negligent
in taking it. and omitted precautions
which a prudent man would have taken,
nevertheless, unless he acted mala- fide,
his title, according to the doctrine now
settled, will prevail.
These familiar but arbitrary, princi
ples applicable to -commercial paper,
originateing in commercial policy, the
encouragement of trade, the conveni
ence of having some representative of
money readily convertible and com
manding confidence, while' they operate
in many cases with great severity upon
the rights of Innocent persons, '- have
contributed -greatly to stimulate com
merce and advance the prosperity of
states.-
'The principles applicable to negotia
ble paper have been .extended . to . em
brace public debentures payable to
I t .
bearer, and bonds of corporations, and
some of the incidents of negotiability
have, either by custom or statute, been
applied to instruments not strictly ne
gotiable. Certificates of stock, in busi
ness corporations, are embraced in the
class last mentioned. They are not ne
gotiable in form, they represent no debt
and are not securities for money. But
the courts of this country, in view of
the extensive dealings in certificates of
shares in corporate enterprises, and the
interest both of the public and of the
corporation which l.sues them, in mak
ing them readily transferable and con
vertible, have . given -to them some of
the elements of negotiability.
'The courts have frequently been im
portuned to extend the qualities of ne
gotiability of stock certificates and to
clothe them with the same character of
complete negotiability as attaches to
commercial: paper, so as to - make the
transfer to a. purchaser In good faith,
for value, equivalent to-actual title,
although there was no agency In the
transferor, and the certificate had been
lost without the fault of the true owner
or had been obtained by theft or rob
bery. "But the courts have refused to ac
cede to this view, and we have found
no case entitled to be regarded as au
thority which denies to he owner of
a stock certificate which has been lost
without his negligence, or stolen, the
right. to reclalm.it from the hands of
any person in whose possession It may
subsequently come, although the holder
may have taken It in good faith and for
value."
DAYS OF PEACE RECALLED
Fishermen of Koikes-tone Once Re
warded by German Emperor.
' FOLKESTONE. England. June 18.
In Folkestone Cemetery, where the ma
jority of the victims of the German
aeroplane raid of May 25 were burled,
there ia a large monument over the
graves of German Bailors burled there
39 years ago. The , monument . was
erected at the expense of the German
government. -
The sailors belonged to the crew of
the German ironclad Grosser Kurfurst,
which, was sunk-In collision - with the
Konlg Wilhelm near Folkestone. The
victims were buried In batches, as their
bodies were recoved. with .full naval
and military honors, and tributes paid
by the townspeople to the .German dead.
To show his appreciation for the hos
pitable treatment accorded the survi
vors of the disaster, the German Em
peror.. William. I..the. present JSm.per.or's
grandfather, sent to the vicar of Folke
JY&es oSeJ.
stone a splendidly bound Bible for use
in the parish church.
The fishermen of Folkestone rescued
many Germans at the time of the disas
ter, which caused the loss of 284 lives,
and the Emperor presented several gold
watches bearing the imperial arms In
recognition of the gallant services of
the rescuers.
GIRLS! MAKE A
BEAUTY LOTION
I WITH LEMONS I
At the cost of a small Jar of ordinary
cold cream one can prepare a fall quar
ter pint of the most wonderful lemon
akin softener and complexion beautlfler
by squeezing the Juice of two fresh
lemons Into a bottle containing three
ounces of orchard white. Care should
be taken to stralp the Juice through a
fine cloth so no lemon pulp pets In.
then this lotion will keep fresh for
months. Every woman knows - that
lemon Juice is used to bleach and re
move such blemishes as sallowness,
freckles and tan. and is the ideal skin
softener, emoothener and beautifler.
Just try It! Get three ounces of
orchard white at any pharmacy and
two lemons from -the frrocer and make
up a quarter pint of this sweetly frag
rant lemon lotion and massagre it dally
into the' face, neck, arms and hands. It
naturally should help to soften, fresh
en, bleach and bring: out the roses and
beauty . of any., skin. . It. is wonderful to
smoothen rough, red hands. Adv.
r
t
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