The Sunday Oregonian., June 17, 1917, SECTION FIVE, Page 2, Image 60

THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, JUNE 17, 1917.
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How American
Women Are
Following the
Example of
Europe by Taking
, Every Form
pf Useful Labor
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BT MADGE HATES.
IF the United States had gone Into
the great war at the time when her
preaent allies entered It thing;
mist have gone differently In many
ways. Aa It Is. all that Europe learned
by hard experience has been turned to
account in America, and the start of
vir work. Blow as it has seemed to
many, has been on lines more practical
than those which surely would have
been followed had not Europe held up
Its example.
In no respect does this appear more
vividly than in the war work and war
time preparation of American women
With the tradition of "woman's sphere'
utterly smashed throughout the world,
with practical evidence from real trial
that women can lay hold on all parts of
labor once reserved for men. as well as
All aorta of advisory, administrative and
scientific applications of human in
sight and energy, activities have sprung
up which might well have astonished
an earlier generation.
Women had, indeed, proved their ca
pacity in the professions and in many
of the trades before the war started.
Is'o one nowadays doubts that women
can run automobiles. She has-proved
that she can run an airplane, even to
the, tolnt of making record flights in
the face of all difficulties. There is.
therefore, no reason why she should oc
casion surprise when she runs a street
car or an elevator. A motor truck Is a
little more complicated In some ways,
but she Is learning; this business also.
On one Industrial electric system she
la training at a locomotive lever.
With elevators and modern devices to
help her she Is moving baggage In
hotel's and elsewhere. Bhe has shown
gxe -t natural ability In electrical work
and in many Instances has Invaded the
lineman's job. dressing . herself In
trousers to facilitate the climbing fea
tures of the job.
In entering tt ' yeoman's division of
the Navy she U .udying switchboards
and wireless. Modern war has much
of telephoning in It, and th phone
girl is no problem.
The feeding of troops has called forth
the ingenuity and special capacity of
women, who have plans for conducting
commissary work on lines that ought
to change the traditions and rather
sad traditions they are aa to Army
feeding.
But while women are refusing to ac
cept any limitation In their participa
tion, the disposition of the hour Is to
find ways of releasing the largest pos
sible number of men for the service of
the fighting front, wherever that front
may be. Thus they have turned with
particular enthusiasm to the great food
problem In its primary stages they
have gone to the farms and vegetable
gardens, to put their own hands to
plow and shovel and hoe. Even If the
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heaviest work mi. with advantage al-I helpers la certain to result In Immense
ways remain In the hands of men. the I advantage- to the. big game of food
assemblies; of willing armies of women production.
LEGAL SIDELIGHTS FOR LAWYERS AND LAYMEN
ACCIDENTS THAT HAPPEJ "Ac
cidents will happen in the best
regulated families.' says the old
proverb, and the law following the au
thority of tha proverb refuses- to hold
that the mere fact that an accident has
occurred is sufficient to sustain a claim
of damages.
In Schier vs. Webner 6 AtL- 7. a
child u run over by a passing de
livery wagon, while crossing the street.
There were no eye-witnesses to the ac
cident but tha plaintiff sued for aar
ages under the doctrine of res Ipse
loquitur, which means literally "the
thing speaks for itself." and which is
used here to imply that the very fact
of tha accident would Indicate negli
gence. The court refused to support this
contention, saying In pary "From the
evidence it la impossible to conclude
that tha driver of the wagon was pro
ceeding at any Improper rate of speed,
and neither of these witnesses nor any
of the other witnesses in the case, give
any evidence tending to show that the
driver waa not giving proper attention
to his team as he drove up the street,
or that he was not in a position to see.
or did not see persons on or crossing
the street, and whether they were in a
position of danger so as to Impose upon
him the duty of stopping.
What does appear from the evidence,
and all that appears. Is that while the
servant of tha defendant was proceed
ing up the street, the plaintiff started
to cross; that she, had crossed over at
least 20 feet of the space between curb
and curb, and passed in front of the ap
proaching team, but whether she was
struck and knocked down by the horse,
or whether becoming frightened she
endeavored to spring forward, allpped
and fell beneath the vehicle, or how the
accident In fact occurred, there Is no
evidence whatever.
It has been frequently said in this
state, that the bare fact that an injury
baa happened, of Itself and apart from
all surrounding circumstances, cannot
authorize an inference that it was
caused by negligence. To assume that
would be to assume the very fact re
quired to be proven.
All that Is certain Is that the plain
tiff was Injured In some way and the
plaintiff asks that the jury be allowed,
la the absence of all explanatory evi
dence, to infer that some act of a negli
gent character for which the defendant
is responsible, caused the Injury sus
tained. No case has gone to that ex
tent, and no known principle can be
cited to sustain such a position.
"To mulct a defendant in damages
without proving what has caused the
accident la to punish him. not for any
wrong he haa done or for any duty he
has omitted but because the plaintiff
csanot prove what she wants to find
out"
Accidents Caused by Street Obstruc
tions "Sue the city for damages." is
the cry of the ordinary citisen when he
trips over a defect in the street or
slips on an Icy pavement. But the city
is not alwaya liable for damagea even
when it is at fault for permitting the
defect to exist. The law requirea that
the citizen shall himself be in the ex
ercise of due care at the time of the
accident, and shall not be guilty of
contributory negligence.
"While It Is the duty of a munici
pality to maintain Ita streets In a rea
sonably safe condition for ordinary
travel by persons exercising care and
prudence In the use of the same, yet It
is not liable if the person injured could
avoid the Injury by the exercise of rea
sonable and ordinary care and pru
dence." And so where a person was In
jured through hts own negligence by
coming In contact with a fire hydrant
located at the usual and proper place
In a street, the court held that there
could be no recovery.
Jn another case a person was thrown
from an automobile by a rope which
the city had stretched across the road
while closing the street for repairs and
the court held, that "It was certainly
Incumbent upon the plaintiff as a mat
ter of law, to use his eyesight for the
purpose of discovering any obstruction
which might have been placed in the
streets."
So, too. where the plaintiff had been
Injured by tripping over a stone near
the highway, the court said In part: "It
cannot be said as a matter of law that
in every such case a barrier should be
erected. The danger which requires a
railing must be of an unusual charac
ter, such as bridges, declivities, exca
vations, steep banks, or deep water.
Spaces adjoining roads. streeta and
sidewalks and unsuitable for travel, are
often left open In both city and country.
and a town or city Is not bound to
fence against them unless their condi
tion Is such aa to expose travelers to
unusual hazard.
"While the city owes the citizen the
duty to keep the highways reasonably
safe for persons to pass over, the oitl
sen owes the city the duty to use his
Godgiven sense, and not to run Into
obstructions that he is familiar with or
which by the exercise of ordinary care
he could discover and easily avoid. And
while the city may be negligent In the
discharge of its duty, the citizen may
also be negligent In the discharge of
his duty. And if both are negligent and
their negligence contributes to the in
Jury, there can be no recovery.
Fresh air and sunshine hav a great
deal to do with successful laundry
work.
FRECKLES
Dnm't HMe TBjesn W!fa Vell Reason
Thesa With the Otalne Praeriptloau
This prescription for tha removal of
freckles was written by a prominent
physician and is usually so successful
In removing freckles and giving a
clear, beautiful complexion that it is
sold by any druggist under guarantee
to refund the money If It falls.
Don't hide your freckles under a veil:
get an ounce of othlne double strength
and remove them. Even the ftrst few
applications should show a wonderful
Improvement, some of the lighter
freckles vanishing entirely.
Be sure to ask tha druggist for tha
double strength othlne; it la this tha is
sold on the money-back guarantee.
Adv.