The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current, June 17, 1917, SECTION THREE, Image 42

The Sunday Oregonian., June 17, 1917, SECTION THREE, Page 8, Image 42

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Newspaper Page TextTHE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, JUXE 17. 1017 rOKTIANO, OREGON. Entered at Portland (Oregon) Postofflcs aa second-class mail matter. Cubscrpition ratea invariably In advance: (By Mali) Daily, Sunday Included, one year .....$8.00 Dally. Sunday included, six months ..... 4-23 Xaily. Sunday included, three moothl. ... 2.23 Dally. Sunday included, one month ...... -75 Daily, without Sunday, one year 6-00 Dally, without Sunday, three months.. ... I-75 Dai; y. without Sunday, one month ...... .60 "Weekly, one year .................,- 1-0 Sunday, one year 2-50 Sunday and weekly 3.00 (By Carrier.) Dally, Fund ay Included, one year ........ 9.00 Dally, Sunday Included, one month ...... "How to Item It Send postpffice money or der, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofftce address in full. Including county and state. Pontage Rate 12 to 16 pages. 1 cent: 18 to 32 pages, 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, 3 cents; BO to 60 pageii. 4 cents; 62 to 78 pages. 6 cents; 78 to oz pages, tt cents. Foreign post age double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree 4 Conklin. Brunswick building. New York: Verree & Conklin, Steger building, Chicago; San Fran cisco representative, ft. J. Bldwell. 742 Mar ket street. PORTLAND, SUNDAY, Jl'NE 17. 1917. . EQUAL TO THE EMERGENCY. 1 Americans are rising to the National emergency, just as everyone who has confidence in the saving power of their Innate common sense has always be lieved they would. The pessimists' fear that even so much as a re spectable minority, obsessed by theory, would stand in the way of united patriotism is proving to have been badly founded. Such men as John Spargo, an eminent Socialist, having pointed out that the proponents of 6-called internationalism were really playing into the hands of Prussian militarism, there is still further rea son for optimism in a new turn of events reported at Columbia Univer sity, where recently the pacifists have claimed a place In the limelight all out of proportion to their revealed Importance. The cult of pacifism is dead for the time being; anti-militarism will cease to be preached at tea st until after the war is over; trea son and the appearance of treason sire being stamped out. ; The fact has dawned at last upon even the excessively "intellectual" that, however interesting certain ab stractions might be in times of peace, there are other conditions under which they cease to be respectable. Arrest of three students for conduct ing an anti-draft propaganda, follow ing the expulsion of a doughty cham pion of "independent thought," caused the awakening. To a certain extent the future of higher education may liave been at stake, but higher educa tion has met the emergency by show ing that it does not necessarily mean the death of common sense. What a, writer has termed the "intellectual Jiunger that wide reading arouses and a sedentary life fosters" has been sat isfied by other diet than disloyalty. "The leaven has begun to work. Left to themselves, Columbia students have worked out their problem satisfac torily. ' This has been due in large measure to general realization of the fact that, whether they meant it or not, the theorists were committed to "pre cisely the things which the German Voreign Office desired" to employ a phrase used by Spargo In explaining his withdrawal from the Socialist party. The anti-war proclamation, as Spargo also has said, was "simply an evasive apology for the whole Ger man policy of frightfulness." It Is undeniable, too, that at the time when the German Foreign Secretary w-as demanding that the American Gov ernment warn its citizens against go ing to sea the American Socialists were doing the same thing. "When the Germans demanded an embargo on munitions and food, the American Socialists fell in line, notwithstanding, as Spargo adds, "that the principle in volved, if universally accepted by the nations, would, pending the era of universal disarmament, impose upon this and every other nation a colossal military system." It was a curious coincidence, if it was nothing more, that every position taken by the theo rists was essentially pro-German. Prussian autocracy could have had no better coadjutors if it had made them itself and sent them direct from Ber lin. But common sense prevails again. Our true intellectuals are beginning to see the point, and most of the pure theorists have been converted. We are going to put patriotism first and nationalism in the position where it belongs as the necessary foundation of internationalism. Only a few anar chists like Emma Goldman continue to rave, and they are depending more and more upon unnaturalized aliens for their audiences. The fact that this state of mind has been attained with out exercise of force is a tribute to the solidarity of the American people. We are getting closer together. Sound Judgment prevails, because funda mentally we are a common-sens peo ple. We can now stop worrying about divided sentiment and proceed with the more important details of prose cution of war. TECHNIC OF THE FARM. The importance of close observation and attention to every detail in farm ing operations was never greater than U is now, with labor scarce, prices nigh and every pound of energy re quired where it will accomplish results. This is the year, therefore, when the farmer who has been trained to think a well as to do the manual labor of the business will have a manifest ad vantage. What may be termed the "technic" dl farming is illustrated by a writer in the Country Gentleman, who reports the experience of a hog-raiser in the corn belt who is letting his hogs do most of the work of harvesting his crops. He divides his farm into five fields of twenty acres each, and uses a succession of corn, soy beans, rape, clover, timothy and rye. Forage is itilized to a large extent because it produces pork economically, and the jops are fed in the field wherever Unssible for the dual reason that this jM-ocedure saves labor and preserves all the straw for the upbuilding of the rand. But there are a good many "tricks of the trade" to be learned. For example, rye is used instead of wheat because it will grow on poorer find, because it can be sown much Jater than wheat, which is an impor tunt advantage if the corn harvest Etppens to be late, and because the ejraw of the rye breaks near the heads nd still holds the grain off the groimd, while wheat breaks near the tround and allows the grain to drop i the soil, where a proportion of it rots before the hogs reach it. Knowl edge of these facts results in a sub stantial increase in profits. In some fccason it might, indeed, mark the Aifference between profit and loss. Careful cost accounting has shown that a hog does a cent's worth of work a day in harvesting grain, at the same time that it is putting on from half a pound to a pound of weight. The gross income from an acre of grain "hogged off" has been shown to be $3 more than the market price of the grain, without making a charge against the latter item for harvesting. But the most interesting fact of all is that this farmer, who represents a type, has shown himself to be adjust able to conditions. He has wasted no time complaining of the shortage of help, but has changed his method to meet the circumstances. The pork he will produce this year will be as val uable in feeding the Nation as the grain he might otherwise have raised would be, and he has done the work alone. It shows that the man who thinks has the better of it, in farming as in every other walk of life. DEFENSIVE WAR. "The conscription act," said Daniel Kiefer, a Cincinnati firebrand, at a New York pacifist meeting the other day, "violates the provision of the Constitution against involuntary servi tude. Not even the hair-splitting plea can be urged that the amendment does not prohibit National defense." It is strange how obtuse these paci fists are, and how they continue to play iato the hands of Germany. As a matter of fact, sending an army to Eu rope is National defense; just that. Those who would wait until the enemy had set foot on our shores before they raised a hand to prevent their ravages are ignorant of the rudiments of mili tary science and blind to history. Our first line of defense just now is in Kurope. We do well to carry the fighting there while our own in dustries are intact. There is not even a small corner of the United States that we feel we can spare to share the fate of Belgium. The obvious tac tics of defense demand that we attack the foe in his most vulnerable point, and while we have allies to help us. We are on the defensive, but we must be aggressive if our defense is to avail. WAR FOR AMERICAN COMMERCE. In the insidious attempt to deceive the American people as to the real causes of our war with Germany, friends of Germany continue to say that we fight in defense of the muni tion manufacturers' right to sell guns and ammunition to the allies with which to kill Germans. They foster the impression that these commod ities are the main articles of trade with the allies and that by defending the right of our people to sell them our Government makes the whole American Nation accomplices In the killing of Germans. They disseminate a tissue of false hood. Munitions of war are not only arms and ammunition. They include food, clothing, lumber, rubber, horses, mules, automobiles, fuel. Export of these commodities is the exercise of a right which has been admitted by all nations, including Ger many. That right has been exercised by Germany in all recent wars the Spanish War, the Russo-Japanese War, the Boer War, the Balkan Wars and the Mexican Revolution. Where possible, Germany sold munitions to both parties in those wars. The United States was as willing to sell munitions to Germany as to the allies. Failure to sell them to Ger many was due to no act of ours but to the naval weakness of Germany, which prevented ships from running the blockade. In all essential particu lars the blockade conformed to law. as approved by Germany and as put in practice by this country in the Civil and Spanish wars. Submarine war on trade with the allies is excused on the plea that they are trying to starve the German peo ple. War by starvation was first be gun by Germany when it treated food as contraband and proclaimed the purpose to starve Britain. Many years before the war, German statesmen. from Bismarck down, had asserted the right of a nation to starve an enemy. In retaliation, Britain exercised that right. But for British naval superior ity, a starvation campaign had far better prospects of success against Britain than against Germany, for Britain produces only 4 5 per cent of her food supply, while Germany pro duces 95 per cent. The allied blockade owes its chance of success rather to the exclusion of fertilizers and other commodities by means of which Ger many has become so nearly self-supporting than to the exclusion of food itself. While the United States was still neutral, Germany sought to destroy our trade not only with enemy but with other neutral nations. It killed our citizens when traveling to either belligerent or neutral countries. It even sank ships which were carrying food to Belgium under German safe conduct. Germany sought to shut us off from communication with the rest of the world, except under restric tions which the Kaiser imposed, or at most to confine our intercourse to countries beyond the range of sub marines. Had we submitted, we should have become a hermit Nation, as were formerly Japan, Korea and China. If we had accepted the position to which Germany sought to reduce us, we should have been deprived of our best markets for nearly ah of our products grain, meat, cattle, horses, cotton, wool, steel, copper, fruit, dairy products and all manufactures of our raw materials, also of many foreign raw materials used in our manufac tures. The losers would have been not only the manufacturers of war mate rials but all employes in all indus tries and all farmers, cotton growers, wool growers, cattlemen, fruit grow ers, dairymen. Hundreds of thou sands of men and women who were given employment in all these trades by the war's stimulus would have been thrown out of employment. The rich would still have had enough to eat and to wear, but the poor would have suffered dire privation. We should have3Uffered many of the worst con sequences of war, though not a party to it. Therefore, this is an American war, because it is a war in defense of that freedom of commerce with other na tions without which we cannot live and prosper. While the German gov ernment falsely- pretends to fight for the existence of Germany, which no nation seeks to destroy, we are truly fighting for the existence of the United States, which could not continue in the full sense of the term under the laws which Germany laid down. The war is an American war, forced on the United States by an attack on our rights and on our independence. Not only the "mailed fist," of which the Kaiser speaks in his letter to the King of Greece, but the purloining finger is being employed in the war to extend Prussianism. according to re cent information from France, The refugees, mostly women and old men, who are being released from the oc cupied districts in the north, because the Germans are unwilling to feed them, are permitted to carry with them a maximum amount of 100 francs in bank notes for each adult and 50 francs for each child. But French bank notes are at present at a premium, and so the captors ask for the money in envelopes to keep' as far as the frontier, and then return the envelopes, but not until they have ex changed the notes for depreciated pa per. In this manner, it is estimated by an American missionary who re cently returned from Europe, they have accumulated possibly a million francs. But no "economy" is scorned by tho Prussian military regime. IE GERMANY WINS THE PEOPLE LOSE. The experience of the , war with Napoleon should convince the German people that their hope of broader lib erty rests in defeat of their militarist government. At that time their rulers stirred up their patriotism to throw off the yoke of Napoleon by holding out the prospect of liberal government. The minds of the middle classes were then filled with visions of democracy by the writings of Rotteck. who re minded them of the existence of the United States, where "natural, ration al right is building its chosen realm." He angered the militarists by denoun cing conscription and a large standing army, proposing in their stead a small army and a volunteer militia for de fense alone an organization such as fought the war of liberation against Napoleon. When victory was won, the Prussian rulers broke their promises and used their restored military strength to fasten the yoke of conquering mili tarism anew on the necks of the peo ple. They used it to crush the revolu tion of 1848 and they expanded it to crush Denmark, Austria and France and to make an effort for world do minion by beginning the present war. Now, as then, they are promising the people a larger part in the government in order to keep them quiet and to in duce them to fight the-war to a vic torious end, if possible. But the Hohenzollerns and their Junker adherents are at heart bitterly opposed to popular rule, have repeat edly broken promises to their people and, having been reinforced by the capitalists of the middle class, feel stronger than ever in resisting popular demands. Victory over the allies would also be victory over the German de mocracy, whose hopes would be blasted as they were after Waterloo. The present war contrasts with that against Napoleon in that Great Britain then headed a league of autocrats to crush the autocrat of France and thus save Britain from subjugation. Though a free country according to the under standing of the term which then pre vailed, Britain was actually ruled by an aristocratic oligarchy, which had no scruples about joining the conti nental monarchs in parceling out ter ritory without regard to the wishes of the people. That country is now a genuine de mocracy under the forms of monarchy, and stands with a league of democratic nations in th- effort to liberate the peo ple of the central empires by defeating and destroying their autocratic gov ernments. The people of Germany, Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey will win by defeat of their rulers, but if with their aid their rulers win, the people lose, as they did after helping their rulers to win at Leipslg and Waterloo. MISSIONARIES OF THE "FRONTIER." Announcement that the Methodist Episcopal Church is about to begin a new and vigorous campaign on what it still terms the "frontier" is espe cially interesting because it calls at tention to the change that has come about since the arbitrary frontier line was fixed for church missionary pur poses on the 100th meridian of longi tude. The territory now included comprises eleven Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain states, plus the west ern quarter of the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma. There is still some "frontier" east of this line,. and there are important cities, like Port land, west of it, but the whole still constitutes a great field in which an especial "drive" is to be made. Frontiers change rapidly in Amer ica. It is not so long since Saratoga Springs was the scene of many a Wild West tale of the Leatherstocking va riety, in which Indians and scouts were the central figures, and it was in Saratoga Springs less than a year ago that the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church met, in a modern city, to pass legislation for the administration of its affairs in a region that is now rapidly over taking the East in civilization. But needs have changed since Jason Lee first visited the great Northwest, and the field has broadened. The West is now contributing more money to the treasury of the Board of Home Missions and Foreign Extension than the board is contributing to it, in ad dition to vast sums it is giving to other church boards. In a recent of ficial statement by the frontier board, attention is called to the significant fact that Iowa, for example, which in 18 70 was a frontier state, has given more missionaries and deaconnesses to the work than any other state in the Union. The old frontier has been altered in other ways. The little rectangular sod church has gone the way of the stage coach. Social activities of a new type will be required if the church of the future is to keep pace with events. The home-mission problem has be ,come intertwined with that of foreign missions. The Chinese and Japanese on the Coast are coming to be viewed as possible evangelists to their fellow countrymen in Asia, Spanish-Americans, 800,000 strong in the Southwest, present other possibilities, not alto gether remote, as agents in the spread of good will in the countries of .their origin. The most interesting feature of the report, however, is that it proposes careful consideration of the question whether a "non-strategic point is not better for denominational welfare than a 20 per cent chance in a sup posed "strategic center.' " There is disinclination to view the union church, "which has neither pride of ancestry nor hope of posterity." as a help to the situation. Federation is declared to be successful only in a small number of cases. It is declared that the "union church is not linked up with anything," and that "if it should link up with other union churches there would be just one more denomination to add to the score or more which we already have." To "swap," it is asserted, seems to be the best way out. This plan of co-operation in the di vision of territory, rather than by unit ing many denominations into a com munity church, will be watched with .interest, because it tives. recognition to the principle that too many weak churches are not good, either for the church or the community, while at the same time it seeks to preserve unity of denomination to the fullest possible extent. "Fewer and stronger churches" is still to be the watchword, but there will be a change of method, perhaps. It remains to be determined whether the "union church" or the "swap" system will prevail.' TEACHING FATHER. It is casting no aspersions upon the fathers of today to say that they ara learning from their sons. It is, on the contrary, quite to the credit of the older and more conservative member of the family that he at least has pre served an open mind and is willing to encourage enterprise. The Extension News, issued by the Oregon Agricultural College, cites a recent example. An Oregon boy wished to interest his father in pure bred swine Instead of grades, but being unable to get a first-class pig, took a runt tat weighed fifty pounds at four months old. This was in the Spring. By the time the State Fair was held the pig weighed 225 pounds and was sold for $21.37. Complete record had been kept of the cost of its feed, and this showed that $10.45 of the selling price was net profit. This sum has been applied to payment for a share in a registered gilt, and the young ster, who is only 13 years old, is on the high road to becoming one of our leading pork producers. The father in this instance, as we have said, deserves a good share of credit. " He is no mossback, for he was willing to be convinced, which it is to be hoped has been accomplished. The boys, especially those who belong to pig clubs, are doign effective work in the food -campaign. More power to them and to the fathers who aid and abet them in their endeavors. THE COMING JEWISH CONGRESS. Decision of the organizers of the coming American Jewish Congress, which will be convened in Washington this Summer, that no effort will be made to commit the members to any theory or philosophy of Jewish life, or to any theoretical principle of a racial, political, economic or religious character, clears the way for definite co-operative action to the end that discrimination against Jews because they are Jews may be ended in all parts of the world where it now ex ists. This is Important because it means that there will be union of action with' a definite and a practical purpose. Such questions as the estab lishment of a Jewish nation in Pales tine, which have brought out much difference of opinion in the past, will be left to another day and time for determination. The programme for Immediate con sideration, therefore, will reduce itself to obtaining only "full rights" for the Jewish residents of every country in the world. "Full rights" are defined as civil, religious and political liberty such as may be enjoyed by other peo ple in the countries in question. The demand in effect is for such recog nition of the principles of equality as is now given freely in the United States, and also, for example, in Great Britain and France, and such as has been denied by the old government of Russia and is still refused by the Turks. Protection of the Jews in Pal estine, an incidental feature of the programme, will be settled when peace is made. Indications are that the entente allies will hold the territory of the Holy Land, and entry of the United States into the war, by clinch ing the assurance of an entente vic tory, will be an important factor in bringing theOttomans to terms. The position of American Jews is strategically important, because they represent by far the largest single aggregation that has thus far attained full recognition. The Jewish Year Book estimates the total number of Jews in the world in 1916 as 13,406, 420, of whom there are 2,349,754 in the United States. While the latter number is only about a sixth of the whole, its influence is far greater in proportion. Of the 6,060,000 Jews in Russia, only a small proportion are in a position to assert themselves. Such concessions as have been made by the new regime are so recent as to make organized work impractical for the present. But with the guidance of their coreligionists in America, they are quite likely to "find themselves" before the peace terms are made, and it is perhaps in this that the American Congress will find its best field of use fulness. The movement is more important, however, than would be indicated by its immediate character as a Jewish assemblage. It will accomplish much for the cause of religious tolerance in general. It is inconceivable that the world should return to its old ways, or that In the reconstruction there should be much room for persecutions based upon religious beliefs of any sort. In striving for the rights of Jews everywhere, the American Con gress also fights the battle for re ligious liberty of all the world. PREVENTION OF EPIDEMICS. The principle that an ounce of pre vention is worth a pound of cure should be applied definitely to the measures to be adopted this year to prevent recurrence of the epidemic of infant paralysis that swept the coun try in the Summer of 1916, and that so far as scientists are able to ascer tain has not been eradicated. Danger that it will appear again this year must not be disregarded, if we are to be safe. It is a strange phase of col lective human nature that people give assent to the most extreme measures in the actual presence of epidemic, but are persuaded with great diffi culty to take even simple measures of prevention. Health officials every where are confronted by this fact. The public memory is short. The special committee of investiga tion appointed last Summer by Mayor Mitchol, of New York, and financed by the Rockefeller Foundation has just made its report, based on the study of 549 6 cases diagnosed by the Depart ment of Health as poliomyelitis be tween July 17 and September 20, while the epidemic was at its height. The total number of cases in the city was 9023, so that the committee's work may be considered as fairly represen tative. The most important disclosure is that the cause of the disease is not yet known. While this is negative, it deserves especial consideration be cause It will discourage misguided op timism. It has been definitely ascer tained, however, that infantile paraly sis is communicated by personal con tact, and that slight and non-paralytic case's are the most frequent sources of infection. These are cases that arouse no suspicion at first and that conse quently are the most dangerous to others who may be in association with the patients. It is albo known that cases of the utmost gravity may de velop from contact with a case of the mildest type. The victim of a light attack may be the means of spreading unutterable woe. The essential thing to bekept"ln mind this Summer is that all suspected cases Indeed, all cases the nature of which is not known should be iso lated promptly, and that whenever a child is seized with an illness that "might" be infantile paralysis it should be removed without delay from con tact with all other children. Observ- I ance of this rule will do much to check the spread. It at least will do no harm, even if the suspected case is shown later to be merely a harmless "cold." The point is that no possible early precaution sh,ould be neglected. The children have the right to demand this. Infantile paralysis in its most serious phases is too dreadful to war rant any temporizing. Some incidentally interesting facts have been brought out by the investi gation. Previous conclusions of Euro pean scientists that boys are more sus ceptible than girls seem to have been confirmed. Spread of the epidemic through contaminated food has been discredited. The smallest number of victims were found among nursing chil dren, and the largest number among those who were using various forms of cows' milk, but by far the greater number were using pasteurized bottle milk, in which the microbes of the disease could not be presumed to exist. Several cases of supposed milk infec tion received especial attention. No evidence was found that the disease was carried by the food supply. No connection could be established be tween poliomyelitis and any of the diseases of domestic animals. The next outbreak may come this month or in July. Physicians know of no rule governing its appearance. It may develop this season in com munities that seemed last year to be immune. The lesson is plain. This is that no chances should be taken, but every possible precaution observed. Such measures will check the spread not only of Infantile paralysis but of other diseases of children, and will be better for everyone. DEFENDING THE CLASSICS. It Is a peculiarly appropriate time, with the whole world on the verge of reconstructing its sense of relative values, for the holding of a conven tion such as was in session in Prince ton early last week in defense of the classics in education. Specifically, the educators who gathered there some hundreds of them were moved by a spirit of resistance to the plan of the Rockefeller Foundation to omit all cultural studies from the curriculum of the new experimental school to be opened next Fall in New York. But there was a deeper underlying reason. It has seemed in recent years as if the pendulum were swinging too far toward the utilitarian. "Give the boy an education that will help him make a living" has made a plausible slogan for the opponents of the classics in any form, but it has savored rather strongly of the "dollar diplomacy" that in the past few years we have been busy repudiating. Now is it a curious paradox that the same people who have been attacking dollar diplo macy aa unworthy of us and as rob bing us of our destiny are the ones who are most insistent on the bread-and-butter system of education. It will not be denied that clean, ef ficient living and ability to keep the wolf from the door do make, on the whole, for saner and more hopeful existence; and the mistake of the clas sicists in the past has been that they went to the extreme of denying the worth of the purely practical and put ting undue emphasis on the polite, while the utilitarians have sweepingly denied the value of everything that did not bear immediately and at every point upon the problem of food and shelter or maybe the short work day. Somewhere between the two ex tremes lies the ground that will be occupied by the educational system of the future. The Flexner school would repudiate the thought that mastery of a problem in Euclid has any value in fitting a man to be a carpenter, but the modern psychologists are not as sure as they used to be that there is no inherent, transferable power in discipline. It is true as a rule that the student who is "good" in one branch is "good" in another, and col umns of statistics have been produced to show that an important part of the world's work has been accomplished by the honor men. The power to think straight and consecutively and to form sound judgment undoubtedly carries over from one activity to an other. This idea was conveyed Impressively at the Princeton conference by Charles H. Herty, former president of the American Chemical Society, when he said: "Give the boy a sound, broad education and the specialization will take care of itself." So, too, no less an authority on the advantages of the cultural than Senator Lodge, of Mas sachusetts, reiterated that "the first and dominant object of all education is to teach the child to use his or her mind; that is. to teach them so to control their minds that they can ap ply them to any subject of study, and especially to a subject which it is a duty, and not a pleasure, to master and understand." Senator Lodge would go further, and while he does not ignore the practical necessity for teaching the student how to make a living, he believes that we "may dis card money-making as a wholly useless test for the exclusion of the classics or of any other study which should engage the attention of those who seek In any degree the higher education." In other words, the issue is more sharply defined if we are able to show that the classics do not unfit the stu dent for the bread and butter strug gle, or waste time that he ought to employ to better advantage, or fail to yield any suitable recompense. We may well discard as a factor the injury that has been done to the classical cause by bad teaching. It is not the classics' fault that they have been taught by rote, or with undue em phasis upon the gerundive, or with ungentle allowances for the difficulties some students have with paradigms. But one of the best tests is that few who have drank deeply of them would give them up. They are dead lan guages only as they are taught by teachers who are not alive. We do not necessarily live among dead men be cause we read the thoughts of the dead. President Wilson believes that the real argument for holding to the classics is that "we should have scant capital to trade on were we to throw away the wisdom we have inherited and seek our fortunes with the slender stock we ourselves have accumulated." There is. as he also says, no substitute for the classics as literature, and "there can be no first-hand contact with that literature if you do not master the grammar and Uie syntax which, convey its subtle power." Translations are poor vehicles at best. The student who is content with them would make no more than a passable workman in any field of endeavor. The thoughts of men! It is because they live in the classics that the clas sics have their hold. Our modern civilization is built, not upon the ruins, but upon the best achievements, of the old. We are what we are today be cause men before us were fired with ambition to know and to do and to be; we cannot reject their experiences without willfully blindfolding our selves, and we cannot refuse to be in spired by them without doing our own souls a grievous wrong. We take the solely utilitarian cross-cut to educa tion at our own peril, now and here after. We have higher aims than be ing a Nation of machinists and manu facturers and grubbers in the soil. We are to develop our sense of rela tionship and social duties, and higher justice, whtch we shall do best by a study of the best in all ages, and not by narrow exclusion of everything ex cept the food and drink problem of the day. The defenders of the classical would do well if they would make it plain that they are not making war in any sense on practical achievement. The cultural studies would have a securer place if there had not been a tendency among a few to build a sort of aris tocracy out of them. The lofty, high brow attitude of the book-learned is apt not to make friends for him or his attainments in the ranks of the prole tarian. But true culture is essentially democratic; there is no permanent censorship on knowledge worth while. The broad, missionary spirit perme ates it. One who has tasted its joys would pass the cup along: not selfishly seek to establish a corner on the sup ply. And, as has been said, one of the strongest arguments for its retention Is that it would be retained if the decision were left to a vote of those who have had the experience. Those who were discouraged too early In the game do not count. We may well seek to Improve and to humanize out methods of teaching, but never alto gether give them up. We are to have an oratorical Platts burg, as well as numerous training camps where men will be instructed in the definite technic of war. The Na tional Security league has just an nounced that it lias chosen Chautau qua, N. Y., as the place for conducting a training camp for education in pub lic service, and that one of its chief aims is to furnish instruction and material for volunteer speakers who are to be sent Into every city, town, and hamlet in the United States to educate the people in the meaning of the war and the duty of the Nation and the in dividual in its prosecution. The Chau tauqua will thus be employed in a spe cial sense in the development of the National spirit, which it has done in a less concrete way in the past, and the entire Chautauqua season will be marked by dominance of discussion of the immediate problems before the country. These will include not only military duties, but food conservation, relief of the sick and wounded and all other matters connected with the war. While we are waiting for the final steps in the operation of the draft law the reTular Army Is growing at a rate not appreciated by most citizens. Its total actual strength, according to the report of the Secretary of War on June 0 last, wos only 107,641, includ ing the Filipino scouts. Only two months ago the actual strength of the Aririy. excluding the scouts, was about 110,000. The latest figures, however, give the regular establishment as 217,000. and the number is being in creased steadily, although somewhat slowly, owing to the demands of other branches of the service, with the ulti mate intention of recruiting the estab lishment to 8 full strength of 293,000, which it is expected will be accom plished by the time the conscripted Army is put in training. These regu lars have an outlook for early service and may be expected also to furnish a considerable number of officers for the new Army later on. Strawberry and rose festivals and cherry carnivals may lack the main at tractions this year, but one can bank on an ice carnival some time next Spring if this weather accumulates Into an excess, as the forecasters would call It, Emma Goldman may find that there is a point beyond which the good na ture of the American people will not go. She has presumed too much on their spirit of tolerance in the past. It is a good idea keeping the flags up for the convention of the National Education Association. And It will be a good idea to keep the flag to the front right along, even after that. It ought not to require a lawsuit to have eight barrels of whisky declared a nuisance. But with the litigation pending, there will be no trouble find ing witnesses for the affirmative. Uruguay is the right kind of a friend to have. She will not treat us as belligerents in the present war. which is a highly practical way of showing sympathy for our cause. What was lacking in the way of roses was atoned for by the patriotic fervor with which the people entered into it- It was a big success, from every viewpoint. Now we are getting even with France. Paris is having as much trou ble pronouncing Pershing's name as we did that of Joffre. Those who failed to buy liberty bonds and still want to serve their country can swat the fly. anyway. Hurrah for the small investor! His name leads all the rest. The Senate's one best card seems to be the filibuster. Wear a bud if you cannot get a rose. Peddlinsr by Fsrnm. B1SBEE. Ariz.. June 10. fTo the Editor.) Can a rancher peddle what he raises himself on the streets of Portland without a license? HARRY G. K. COOK. He can peddle his own products from house to house without a license. Etrane for V Gastte, Judge. Ted Pity the rain spoiled the game today. Ned But you got a check, didn't you? Ted Yew, but to get off I had to use up the best excuse I ever had in my life. Gleams Through the Mist. HT lrsm Collins. MR. ROMANOFF. VOTER. (The ex-Tsar and his family hava been decided entitled to a vote in the new Russian commonwealth. News Dispatch.) Oh happy Mr. Romanoff. The former Tsar of Russia, ,t The Council, counting no man off. From bondage now may loos you. And you may stand upon the land. Your cheeks with pride a-fluishln'. And hold a ballot in your hand As free as any Russian. So let us aing the former Tsar. Greater now than ever; Though his royal crown he hocks, And his regal palace locks. Nicky, from th ballot box They did not dissever. Happy Mr. Romanoff, Shout with Joy ecstatic! Now you can go foamin off In movements democratic! You can swat the plutocrats. Taking their mazuma; Shy your hat with other hats. Running for the Duma. So let us sing the former Tsar, Greater than aforetime. Though his crown no longer, sticks. Though he's one with the muzhiks Still, for playing politics He will have much more time. Happy Mr. Romanoff, New position reaching. Give tho Junior Romanoff New and proper teachintr; Take the boy upon your knee. Teach if he's a gent yet, In the future he may be 'Lectcd president yet. So let us sing th former Tsar, And lay aside the mallet; Though he was an autocrat. Now he knows where he is at, A Populist or Democrat He may be, with the ballot, Happy Mr. Romanoff. Lose your deep dejection: They may make you. Romanoff. Clerk in n,ext election; You may run for County Clerk. Coroner may gain to; Mayor of Moscow, that's the work You may yet attain to. So let us sing the former Tsar. Greater now than ever; Though his royal crown he hocks. And his regal palace locks, Nicky, from the ballot box They did not dissever. "Sir," said the. Courteous Office Boy. "It seems to me that Nick Romanoff has gained a lot that he didn't havs be fore, through being booted out of his splendid eminence." "In what particular?" I queried. "Well, he'll be in a position now," said the C O. B.. "to get up on a soap box and kick like a steer over what the Duma does with 'us taxpayers' money." "And think what a. satisfaction It may be to him in a few years to see halftone posters of his mug on every deadwall in Petrograd," continued the C. O. B., "announcing: 'Aldermanoff for the Fifth Wardskl! the Peepul'a friend. Romanoff and retrenchment: " THE POTE HOOD, G. Pythagoras Bimelack. our official pote hound, is on the trail of a whole choir of new pome writers and prom ises us big disclosures within a few days. In the meantime he Is struggling to solve Aloysius Smyths (rhyming with writhe), and he vows that he can't tell for sure whether he's a. genuine free verse pote .or not. "Here's one he pulled this morning," writes G. Pythagoras. "He calls it a mood of nature and says It is a descrip tion of Mount Hood on tho horizon. This is it:" OPUS II. There is a nick, A nick in the edge of the bowl. The blue bowl painted with stars and clouds. And with sun and with moon. The blue bowl that has been turned over us. There is a nick in the edge over there. Just where It touches the green earth. And through that nick I can see A glimpse of the white immensity Of a universe outside. THE SEARCH FOR THE LAST AN ALYSIS. Hear ye all explorers who are sub ject to seasickness! It Is possible to make the trip to the LAST ANALYSIS entirely by land. Because of the SEA OF DOUBTS that confronted us, we had been under the Impression that It would be necessary to make pur expedition of exploration to the LAST ANALYSIS by boat, and for that purpose we had already con sidered chartering the good ships EVOLUTION and REVOLUTION, the former a slow but very sure craft and the latter a swift sailor but rather un certain. "R. G. C." appeared at our headquar ters at the PRESENT CRISIS, from which the expedition is to leave, the other day and asked why we insisted on going by water. "Any TRAIN OF CIRCUMSTANCES will be sure to get you to your destina tion just as surely and quickly as the good ship EVOLUTION," he said calmly. We have Investigated and find that the TRAIN OF CIRCUMSTANCES Is operated by the same company that operates the good ship EVOLUTION. Reservations for the trip by either medium are now being received and we feel that It will be a matter of only a short time until the L.ST ANALYSIS will have been reached and steps tak en to verify or disprove all the re marks that we have heard about it in these past years. Address communications to the "Ex pedition to the LAST ANALYSIS, care of the PRESENT CRISIS." ANNOUNCEMENT EXTRAORDINARY A new organization Is about to be formed. In which the membership will be extremely exclusive. The details of the plan for organization will ap pear here In the very near future, with nominations for the presidency and other officers. Watch closely and study your soul. In the meantime. Pet-haps you are eligible for membership.