TIIE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, rORTXAXD, JUXE 17, 1917.
a
TREADWELL MINE CAVE-IN RECALLS FIRST
PATENT ISSUED BY ALASKAN GOVERNMENT
Andrew T. Lewis, Portland, Then Clerk of Federal Court, Remembers Transfer of Rights to Valuable Holdings
for $300 and Shipment of Machinery for Development Work.
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THE Treadwell mine, for years prob
ably the most famous mining
property in Alaska, which was
damaged by a surface cave-in recently
after having yielded $40,000,000 in gold,
was purchased from the Government
at the time Andrew T. Lewis, Portland
attorney, was clerk of the District
Court for the District of Alaska in 1884.
Accounts of the recent disaster
caused Mr. Lewis to grow reminiscent
yesterday.
"The Treadwell mine yes, patent to
it was purchased Just after I assumed
my duties as Clerk of the Court in
Alaska and the money taken in for it,
$375, was the first money which I re
ceived for a Government patent." And
Mr. Lewis was started on his story.
It was July 5, 1884, that Mr. Lewis,
at that time a resident of Illinois, re
ceived his appointment as clerk of the
United States District Court in Alaska,
his appointment beinsf made by Presi
dent Chester A. Arthur on the request
WILHELM II CALLED ATTILA
BORN 1000 YEARS AFTER TIME
Ancestry of Prussian Kaiser Similar to That Which Produced Frederick
the Great Article Written 29 Years Ago Prophetic of Present Events.
Tn the light of developments of the past
three years the following article, published
in the New York Times In April, 18SS, well
night entitles its author, Harold Frederic,
to claim for himself the gift of prophecy.
The headlines used over the article in the
Times were as follows: "Prussia's Crown
Prince. The Dark Figure That Frowns- in
the Face of Europe. A Man Who Suggests
the Sleuth-Hound. With Muscles of Steel
and the Taste for Blood.")
BY HAROLD FREDERIC.
BERLIN. June 10. Picture to your
self a young man In his 30th year,
6 feet in height, straight as an
ash sapling, with finely formed, slen
der limbs, narrow hips, swelling chest,
and square, broad shoulders, with a
smallish head on a long, full-throated
jieck, held proudly upright, .nd an oval
face, with an aquiline effect of profile,
clear-cut, strong chin, bended nose,
prominent though not high cheek
bones, and good open forehead all as
regular in ensemble as a Greek tri
umphal arch with clear, sharp, cold,
gray-blue eyes, light-brown hair close
cut behind, but longer on the crown,
and rising from the temples to form
a sort of ridge from the parting across
tthe brow, and a yellowish mustache
loosely curled up at the ends, and you
have such a portrait as words can paint
of William. Crown Prince of Prussia
and coming German Emperor.
All Europe, with its thousand sons
of royal houses, does not present an
other such regal figure. The Kaiser
who is dead and the Kaiser who is dy
ing have by their photographs famil
iarized all the civilized world with two
striking and splendid physical ideas
of a soldier who looked every inch a
king. But each gained much by the ef
fects of beard, of lines of care in the
face, and of imposing corporeal bulk.
They were impressive in the sense of
a. noble old mastiff or of a huge, hon
est, shaggy, deep-chested boar-hound.
This young man suggests instead the
notion of a perfectly bred sleuth
hound, under whose smooth, delicately
soft coat lie the muscles of steel, and
in whose mouth sinister legacy of
nature is the inherent taste of human
blood. Not that his face is sullen or
savage in its expression. Its habitual
cast in repose is calm, self-possessed,
somewhat meditative, without wrin
kles either on the brow or at the ends
of the mouth.
The eyes, too, are grave. Intent,
without being severe. And I saw this
face light up the other night when
William, after bidding the English
Princess goodby at the station, turned
and walked down the space cleared
through the cheering crowds to his
caxriaso with a sweet and winning
of Joe Cannon. Mr. Lewis was also ap
pointed Indian Commissioner and later
received the honorary title of Adjutant
General from the Governor of Alaska.
Mr. Lewis came to Portland and from
here went to Port Townsend, where -he
took the steamer Idaho for Sitka. On
board the same steamer were John H.
ICinkead, ex-Governor of Nevada and
first Governor of Alaska; M. C. Hillyer,
of California, who had been appointed
United States Marshal for Alaska and
also held the position of ex-ofticio Surveyor-General,
and B. W. Haskett, of
Iowa, new United States Attorney for
Alaska.
With "Ward McAllister, of California,
who presided as judge of the first ses
sion of the District Court for Alaska,
they made up the officials of the first
civil government in Alaska.
Aboard the same steamer was a
quantity of machinery for the Alaska
Treadwell Mining Company.
"We arrived at Juneau on September
5, 1884," said Mr. Lewis. "From Juneau
the steamer then steamed three miles
south to a point opposite the Treadwell
smile. Nothing could have been more
gracious or kindly than his blonde
countenance as William glanced along
the rows of faces as he walked and
lifted his finger to his cap in easy,
pleased recognition of the cheers.
Character Held Wantonly Cruel.
One shudders as one pats the mild,
contemplative head of the bloodhound
solely because of the stories that have
been told of the terrible ferocity which
lurks under this sleek and gentle ex
terior. In the same way you look into
the face of this young heir of the
Hohenzollerns and remember with
wondering reservations the malignant
tales which have been told of his inner
nature by those who knew it best.
Apparently all the women at least all
the English women who have had to
do with the bringing up of Prince
William hold him in horror and detes
tation. I have had numerous proofs of this,
although I have never been able to
fasten upon any specific reasons for
it. Their dislike for him is based on
a general conception of his character.
This view is that he is utterly cold,
entirely selfish, wantonly cruel, a
young man without conscience or com
passion, or any softening virtues what
ever. That he has great abilities, they
all admit; but they stop there. Heart
he has none, upon their reckoning. And
I am bound to say that if you look into
his face with this preconceived notion
of the young man's character you can
find plenty of signs which seem to
substantiate it.
Of course the root of this profojnd
antagonism to him to be found among
the little group of English and Anglo
German ladies in the court circles here
in Berlin is his unfilial attitude to
wards his mother. He has apparently
never liked her at least since he has
attained manhood. -
The inner reasons for this estrange
ment it is naturally Impossible to dis
cover or determine. The outer causes
or are they effects? are more ob
vious. William is very deeply and
thoroughly Prussian. He is a living,
breathing embodiment of all the qual
ities and lack of qualities which,
through precisely two centuries, have
brought the little mark of Branden
burg jp from a puny fief, with a poor,
scattered population of a. million and
a half, to the state of a great king
dom ruling nearly fifty millions of
people and giving the law to all
Europe.
He is saturated with all the instincts
and idas which have raised this par
venu Prussia, to its present eminence,
and bis character is the crown and
mine, where the machinery was un
loaded by means of lighters.
"The only improvement at the Tread
well mine at that time was a. tunnel
about SO feet above the water and 100
yards back from the water line. This
tunnel extended into the hill about 300
to 400 feet."
Mr. Lewis said that the Treadwell
mine was discovered by a man known
as French Pete and later referred to as
Pete Juneau. He sold his right to the
mine to John Treadwell for $500.
At the first term of court in the
Spring or 1885 application was filed for
patent on the Alaska Treadwell min,
ing property and the patent was the
first to be issued in the territory by the
new civil government. Mr. Lewis re
ceived the money for the sale. About
that time, however, there was. some
question raised by Government offi
cials as to his right to receive money
n such transactions, with the result
that it was two and one-half years be
fore the matter was settled and he was
permitted to pay the money over to the
Government Sub-Treasury.
flower of these two centuries of might
and ruthlessness and spoliation exalted
into a creed. On the other hand, his
mother is the best royal product of a
totally and fundamentally different
civilization. Victoria Adelaide is un
questionably the broadest, most liberal
and most lovable of all the Gulphs who
have been born since Elector George
first landed in England.
Hatred Felt for KnKlnad.
When I say that she is the only one
of her family who at present sym
pathizes wholly with Mr. Gladstone I
have most simply and fully Indicated
her disposition and bent of mind. Ob
viously she can have but little in com
mon with a son who would handle
Gladstone offhand, and who avowedly
hates England as the country whence
has come all the constitutional non
sense which nowadays limits and ham
pers kingship.
Out of this wide political difference
between mother and son has grown a
personal estrangement which every
body in Berlin knows more or less
about and which no doubt strongly col
ors the opinions of the English circle
here which have been quoted. This
feud is not rendered the less bitter by
the fact that the new Kaiser sides with
his wife rather than with his son and
heir. Prince William habitually speaks
of his .mother to his associates and
familiars as "the English woman." He
ostentatiously addresses her in Ger
man, although he knows English per
fectly, and she has always made a point
of having her children speak English
In the family circle.
An old acquaintance of mine who was
at San Remo a fortnight ago told me
something which he saw with his own
eye3. It was Sunday morning, and the
imperial family were starting from the
front door of the little English Villa
Zirio to go to the chapel on the es
planade to attend Anglican service.
Prince William and his mother came
out of the door together ahead of the
others. As they stepped outside she
made a movement as if to take his arm.
He drew away, said something to her
in a low tone of voice and walked
down the broad graveled path alone in
front of her and the rest.
It transpired later in the day that
what ho said to her was in. substance
this: "I am here as the personal rep
resentative of my grandfather, the
German Kaiser. That being the case,
it is fitting that I should take prece
dence. There is nobody who could prop
erly walk before me except my grand
mother, the Kaiserin Augusta."
Will Overrun Europe. Propheey.
This anecdote does not reveal a nice
boy. But, after all. when a young man
stands upon the threshold of an im
perial career, and we all know that it
is a mere matter of months before he
will be the autocratic master of 2,000.
000 armed men, it isn't of so much im
portance whether he is nice or not.
The real question Is, What will he do?
The most common answer is that he
will overrun Europe. One of the really
great essays of the decade. Taine's re
cent study of Napoleon, has its basis
in the idea that the Corsican marvel
was a freak of heredity a strange
posthumous brother of the medieval
mercenary soldiers of Italy. It seems
very probable that some future Taine,
a century hence, perhaps, will write to
show that William II of Prussia and
the German empire was a mysterious
belated survival of the ante-medieval
Goths and Vandals an Attlla born a
thousand and more years after his
time.
The young man Is practically all Ger
man in blood. It Is true that his mother
is called English, but as a matter of
fact one has to go back among her an
cestors to Shakespeare's time to find a
strain of anything but Teutonic blood
in the Guelphs.
It is true also that his great-grandmother
was a daughter of the Czar
Paul. But it happens that the Roman
offs have scarcely a trace of . Tartar
blood in their veins, so steadily have
all their males for 10 generations mar
ried German wives.
William of True Hobenmollem Type.
Prince William is, in truth, as purely
North German by heredity, as wholly a
product of Wend and Saxon and Goth
and Boruissian intermixture as can be
found. One may call him, indeed, a
culmination of the Hohenzollern type
of soldier-statesman, reached curiously
enough by the same crossing of blood
which produced Frederick the Great.
The mother of that wonderful warrior
was also a Guelph Sophie Dorothea
a sister of George I.
It Is passing strange that when a
century and a half later a Hohenzol
lern Crown Prince next again takes a
wife from the Brunswick house the eld
est son should again be marked by na
ture for a world-fighter. Why this re
sult should follow Is not clear.
Whatever else the Guelphs may be,
they distinctly are not a military fam
ily. With the doubtful exceptions of
the Dukes of York and: Cumberland, the
race has neyer produced a soldier who
could do more than avoid tripping over
his sabre and. falling oil the saddle at
a trot. Yet when a Sophie Dorothea or
a Victoria Adelaide is wedded by a
Frederick William of Hohenzollern, lo,
and behold; the issue is a born captain
of men.
Blinarek Desirous) of Fence.
But even a second Frederick or
Napoleon cannot stand Europe on its
head, it may be urged, unless he has
a great, compact and unanimous mass
of people at his back who are willing
to place their fortunes, their peace and
their lives unreservedly t in his hand,
and Prince Bismarck has Insisted all
along upon nothing more tenaciously
than that the German nation wants
peace. This is all true enough. Bis
marck is a patriot in the truest Euro
pean sense of the word. He does want
peace. His dearest wish is to live to
see the empire which he so greatly
helped to form grow homogenous and
self-sustaining, expand its manufac
tures and its commerce, develop re
sources at home and markets abroad
and be able comfortably to bear the
vast burden imposed upon it by the
necessity of being hourly ready to de
fend its existence.
Ever since 1871 since its foundation,
in fact the German Empire has made
all sorts of sacrifices, some of them
difficult and repugnant, in the interest
of peace. Bismarck has gone on adding
to the German army year after year,
until today it numbers more than twice
the armed host represented here in the
historic victorious review of 1871, yet
he has never been insincere in his dec
larations that this increase of military
force was made solely as an end to
peace.
Not only was he sincere, but he was
right. Under the Kaiser who was
buried last wek the Germany - army
was in its magnitude a guarantee of
peace, and it is no less so today under
the noble, broad and enlightened
Kaiser who is so painfully and man
fully striving to do his duty to the
German nation and the world from
within his sick chamber at Charlotten
burg. Military Spirit Kills City.
But nobody with eyes in his head
could have passed the week just ended
in Berlin without recognizing that if
a firebrand comes to the throne the ma
terials are close-crowded upon him for
a terrible conflagration. Although the
great bulk of the military visitors
who thronged to the funeral have gone
home again or back to their posts, I
still have the sensation of being a lone
some civilian in the center of a gigantic
armed camp.
Even now, when I go downstairs in
this hotel to eat my dinner, one-half
the men at the tables are officers in
uniform. The elevator boy touches his
cap to me with a military salute. The
waiters when they receive my order
turn on their heels like fusiliers under
the eye of a drill sergeant. The mil
itary spirit pervades everything and
everybody.
The stranger in Berlin insensibly
finds himself memorizing the signifi
cance of the various colors in collars,
epaulet straps and cap bands, instead
of the species of trees, the different
kinds of beer or the good restaurants,
as he would in London, Vienna or Paris.
The soldier in Berlin la as familiar
and commonplace and ubiquitous a fact
as the negro in Charleston. The offi
cer is as plentiful and as easily mas
terful in his assumption of proprietor
ship over all things as the politician
in front of the Delevan House in Al
bany during the legislative season.
Army Ready for Fighting Kaiser.
What this means is that the army
here in Germany will utterly swamp
what organized pacific instincts there
are in the empire the moment a young
fighting Kaiser draws his sword and
cries out: "Who will follow me?" The
fact of the existence of Bismarck's
colossal army will magnify itself In
the popular mind, the spirit in which
he built up, the peaceful intent, the
patriotic aim, will all vanish like steam
on a lamp chimney.
The iron chancellor has done mar
vels toward creating a manufacturing,
trading, money-making Germany, with
new great vested interests in peace and
a new large business class whose con
cern is to promote commerce and pre
serve quiet. But to do this he has
side by side to create a much more
numerous and important class whose
profession it Is to fight and whose
entire material concern it is to pro
mote warfare and to open a swift cur
rent of promotion and honor.
This second class this military
class is all-powerful In all the upper
middle" and higher grades of society.
Little of provocation, of the popular
appeals to national feeling, would make
it master of nine-tenths of the German
people. Kaiser William II, in the
glamour of his youthful distinction of
face and figure, of his deep Teutonic
prejudices, of his all-controlling belief
in himself and his race and his destiny,
could hurl a practically united Ger
many east, west or south a month after
he had ascended the Hohenzollern
throne. The whole German nation from
Basle to Konigsberg would rjse to his
enthusiastic support. Every young man
from Thorn to Coblenz would burn to
ride with him for conquest and glory.
This is not a pleasant or humane
conclusion, but it Is a necessary one.
The lesson taught by Prussia's success,
by the rise of the Hohenzollern
dynasty, is an object lesson in blood
and Iron which has not been lost on
any German mind. Every youth, from
the humblest field laborer In Thur
lngia to the Crown Prince who waits
upon the doorsill of Imperial power,
has that lesson ingrained In every fiber
of his being. That is why this young
heir to the German imperial dignity
has seemed to me better worth study
ing than anything else in Berlin.
Company H Auxiliary to Meet.
Company H Auxiliary, Third Ore
gon, will meet at 2 o'clock Tuesday aft
ernoon on the eighth floor of Lipman,
Wolfe & Company's store. . All mem
bers are urged to attend.
FUNNY INCIDENTS RELIEVE LIFE OF NIGHT
NURSE ON DUTY IN HOSPITAL IN EUROPE
Patient Dips Into Epsom Salts for Sngar Supposedly Sleeping Men in Dark Ward Room Imitate Howling Cats
to Nurse's Discomfiture Weird Thing to Be Alone With Man Who Has Fits, Says Miss Lanyon.
BT EDITH E. LANTON.
THE NAVAL HOSPITAL.. March 7.
We are leading a very busy life
at the hospital at present, as we
are under-staffed with nurses and
rather overstocked with patients. I
am on night duty on my pet surgical
landings. "B" and "C. As we are
only two night nurses Instead of the
usual four, we are not exactly "bored
because we have nothing to do." There
is also a night sister and a staff nurse,
but we are running about all night
long.
The patients are very kind and help
ful. I believe there is no limit to what
they would do for one. I find a cup of
hot coffee waiting for me when I go
on duty at 8:30 every night; one of the
patients makes it for me out of his
own coffee. Afterwards he always
washes up the cups and leaves things
shipshape. In the morning ha sets the
breakfast trays for me.
Another patient, a boy of 18, helps
me to make the bed of a helpless pa
tient who cannot get up. This boy Is
as deft and helpful as any nurse I
ever saw. We changed the sheets on
his bed yesterday with great, celerity.
The men were laughing this morning
about a piece they saw in a funny pa
per about a V. A. T. nurse who went
and shook a man who was fast asleep
and said, "Wake up, wake up, I want
to give you a sleeping draught."
"Wrong; Man Awakened for Tea,
I never did that, but I shook the
wrong man and woke him up this
morning to give him an early cup of
tea. and then meanly gave it to the
right man!
Yesterday morning I gave a man a
cup of tea and he promptly upset It
in bed and had to have the sheets
changed. He had his leg in a splint,
and the end of the splint tripped up the
cup.
Another man downstairs gratefully
accepted some and then came back and
said with bulging eyes, "That tea
tastes awful, nurse!" I Investigated
and discovered that he had added two
heaping teaspoonfuls of "Mag.-Sulph."
(the pet hospital name for epsom salts)
to it, in mistake for sugar. I was
busy making out little choice doses
for several victims, and the glass jar
was standing on the dresser. We did
laugh at him.
Numeral Is Lost.
When I was dressed in uniform and
all ready to take the train the day
I came back to the hospital, to my
horror I found one of the brass nu
merals had disappeared off the shoul
der of my coat. The "1" had gone and
left me belonging to detachment "0"
instead of detachment "10." - We all
looked in vain. I had just had it
pressed at the tailor's and rushed over
there to see If it was lost there. After
some groveling on the floor the tailor
discovered it and I was complete and
correct once more. Had I gone without
it I should have received a severe rep
rimand. I wore my veil ail undetected,
and in consequence arrived with a
smutless nose.
We are of course on rations here
just as usual. We seem to have enough
and our appetites are exeedingly good
after our hard day's, or rather night's,
work. We live all upside down, we
night nurses, and have dinner at 8
A. M. and breakfast at 8 P. M. It seems
very queer until one gets adjusted to it.
The sleeping, or rather lack of sleep
ing, is the worst part of the whole
affair. It is so difficult to sleep in
broad daylight.
I am writing this between 3 and 4
in the morning the night nurses' leis
ure time. At 4 o'clock we have tea
and between half past and 5 o'clock
we go down and cut bread and butter
for a solid hour. Solid bread and butter.
IN no one respect perhaps are the
advantages possessed by the expert
player at auction over the average
player more apparent than in his abil
ity to gauge the value or his hand. The
expert can recognize at a glance wheth
er his hand is worth a bid and. if so.
whether it calls for a no-trump or a
suit bid. Not so. however, the average
player, and one of the chief difficulties
experienced by such player bears upon
this one thing. It can readily be seen,
therefore, that it is of the greatest im
portance that there be some definite
rule or scale of values to guide him in
his decision.
To Wilbur C. Whitehead, author of
"Whitehead's Conventions at Auction,"
and a close student of the game, be
longs the distinction of having formu
lated such scale of values and so help
ful is it found that it promises to go
down to history side by side with the
"Des Chapelles Coup." "Foster's Eleven
Rule," "Robertson's Fourteen Rule"
and other well-known Inventions of
well-known and brilliant players. While
no one claims that the system is infal
lible or will get the maximum out of
every hand, any more than one can
claim perfection regarding any rule or
guide of life, it is nevertheless claimed
for it that it accomplishes this result
in by far the greater number of cases
and should therefore be brought to the
attention of every student and player
of the game.
The system, it may be explained, has
been arrived at only after careful re
search and analysis covering a period
of many months, together with the
comparison of countless numbers of
rubber scores and hands on which It
was found there was appreciable varia
tion In score because of the different
policies adopted by the different play
ers with regard to the bid. The system
has been adopted by the Knickerbocker
Club, of- New York, and a comparison
of bids as used by them with those of
players not using the system shows
decided advantages in its favor.
One of its claims to recognition is
that It serves as a guide not only as
to the original bid. but as to how many
times if at all a player may rebid. It
also guides one's partner as to the ex
pediency of an assist and is helpful re
garding the double. It applies equally
to a no-trump and a suit bid.
Players find it easier as a rule to de
tect a suit bid than a no-trump bid. the
rules for the first being more definite
and specific than those given for the
no-trump. They read somewhat as fol
lows: Declare a suit if holding five or more
cards in the suit with ace or king at
the top (preferably another honor) and
at least one quick outside trick. By a
quick trick is meant a trick on the
first or second round of the suit and
the card to insure the trick must be ace
or well-guarded king. The hand should
reasonably assure at least four tricks.
A suit of ace. jack and three small
cards is usually good for three and
sometimes four tricks If that suit be
the trump suit, so such suit if further
strengthened by a quick outside trick
justifies a one-trick bid. The longer the
trump suit the less imperative the out
side trick, though many conservative
bidders absolutely rrfuse to bid a suit,
lacking outside assistance, no matter
too! We cut enough for ISO men. and
feel tired and slippery when we have
finished, slippery with butter.
The navy rejoices in butter, not mar
gerine. on its bread. I believe the army
hospitals use margarine.
One of my patients got a second In
jury yesterday by gallantly going to
the rescue of a woman who could not
start up the engine of her motorcar.
He warmed It up for her and U un
kindly back-fired and fractured his
wrist. It has been frightfully painful
in the night, and I have had to prop
It up with pillows. His original in
juries were In the leg and a frightful
scalp wound.
Portland Snpplien Appreciated.
The hospital bags from Portland
have been keenly appreciated. One of
the men who got one is paralyzed and
cannot write a' letter of thanks, but
the other man, whose trouble is in the
spine, is writing himself. He has al
ready composed and torn up three let
ters. I have, as usual, distinguished myself
by doing several foolish things whilst
on duty. Last night I accidentally
filled the kettle with milk instead of
water, it having been misleadlngly left
In the water can. I was very annoyed,
as milk is scarce, and a cup of hot
milk Is very acceptable to a man who
cannot sleep. I had to borrow it from
another ward.
I have to make the rounds of 12
wards, and en route go up and down
four flights of granite steps. Another
night I lost the ward's pet dishcloth
down the sluice. That I replaced with
out explanation.
Surgeon's Dug Asrreeabte.
The house surgeon's dog is keeping
me company and Is lying here in front
of the fire. He makes himself very
agreeable In the hopes that he will
get a biscuit. He Is more agreeable
than the house surgeon, who is a sub
Lieutenant, "attached." R. N. I must
say he makes a festive appearance in
his naval uniform, all over buttons and
stripes. He rather fancies himself, too.
my word. We have to call him "Sir,"
and appear verjf worms in his presence.
I am sleepy. It does seem too bad
that when the time comes that I may
sleep, I cannot. I get very few hours'
sleep in the daytime. It Is so fright
fully noisy. The day nurses think it
is very hard if they cannot make a
noise at the hostel when they are off
duty. As I say, "noise is their luxury,
but sleep is our necessity." Poor things!
They must be prepared to give up lux
uries in war time. I know I am man
aging on short rations of sleep.
Talking of rations, we were all re
lieved to find that soupbones were not
counted in our meat rations; they do
weigh so heavy. The ex-Portuguese
Consul at Hamburg says that bone
tickets are Issued for making soup
there, but the bone must afterwards
be returned to the authorities. Glad
that I'm not there.
Clams Are Oil-Soaked.
I have spoken before of the remark
ably good catches -of German sub
marines we have been making off this
coast. As a proof of the truth of this
I may say that the mussels are so
soaked in petrol that they are inedible.
When a submarine is destroyed, as
a rule, just a big patch of oil spreads
over the surface of -the sea to show
where it was. This oil comes in with
the tide and the shellfish evidently
greedily devour it. It gives them a
most horrible flavor, and if any unwary
person boils them hoping for an ap
petizing meal, such a smell of petrol
pervades ' the house that no one at
tempts to taste them. One would have
thought the mussel would have died
from a surfeit of petrol, but he seems
to flourish on it. Probably chuckles
gleefully in his dying moments in the
how long and strong the suit. The scale
of values as given by Whitehead will
enable one to determine definitely
whether or not such suit should be
bid.
The rules set down for the no-trump
bid are rather more vague and leave
more to the individual judgment than
those given for the suit bid and in
consequence many players often fall
down helplessly in this respect, repeat
edly passing up hands which in reality
warrant a no-trump bid and with aver
age assistance from one's partner
would result in a good score. The bor
der line between a no-trump bid and a
pass is indeed often very slight, easily
recognizable, as has been stated, by
the expert player, but a constant source
of doubt and confusion to the player
of moderate ability.
The majority of text-books give
something like the following for the
no-trump bid:
Declare no trumps when holding
three protected suits (protection mean
ing aces, kings and queens or their
equivalents) if holding a queen above
the average. There are often hands,
however, which do not contain just
these cards, but are in all respects well
protected, and herein lies the source
of confusion. Take, for Instance, the
two following hands, hands which the
dealer received upon two separate
deals. The first: Hearts, ace. 6. 2; clubs,
K, Q, 4, 3; diamonds. Q. J. &, 2; spades,
9. 7. The second: Hearts, 6, 4. clubs.
A, J. 2; diamonds, K. J, 10, 5; spades,
K. D, 7, 3. Almost all players would
recognize the first as a no-trumper; the
hand contains an ace. a king, queen in
one suit and a queen, jack in another.
It is therefore a queen above the aver
age and the strength is divided among
there suits.
Concerning the second hand, how
ever, many players would find them
selves in doubt. While, to be sure, it
contains three protected suits, it not
only is not a queen above the average,
but in reality it does not contain a
queen. More times than not perhaps
such hand would be passed up by the
average player, yet it. too, is a no
trumper. with possibilities almost as
great, with average assistance from
the partner, for a good score as the
first.
To correct deficiencies arising from
Imperfect valuations and to enable
players to know absolutely whether or
not their hand is worth a bid. is the
object aimed at by Whitehead in his
formula.
Using his own words, the system
consists in establishing a scale of
values by means of which the value of
one card or combination of cards may
be translated into the values of an
other card or combinations of cards.
Just as we translate a dollar's worth
of one commodity into 60 cents' worth
of this and 40 cents' worth of some
thing else. He further asserts that the
absolute values in the game as dis
tinguished from those that are only
contingent are the aces, kings and
queens.
Aces he counts as whole or sure
tricks, kings as half tricks and queens
as quarter tricks. To aces he assigns
the relative value of 4, to kings, which
are half the value of sees. 2: to queens,
which are quarter of the value. 1.
It must of course be understood that
pan to think what a sell it will be for
those who Intend to eat him.
None of my patients are quite as hard
to manage as one who is under the
charge of another night nurse I know.
He is an Australian and a very fine
fellow, but when at the front he waa
caught in a trench when a shell ex
ploded nearby and buried him alive. He
could not make anyone hear him and
was there for three days before they
discovered him and dug him out. Now
he is in the hospital with a nervous
breakdown, poor fellow, and sometimes
has fits in the night. In these fits he
lives through all the agony again of
being buried alive and tries so frantic
ally to get out that it taxes seven
men to hold him. It is a very weird
thing to be alone in the night with a
man who has fits. Of course the other
patients would fly to our assistance,
but some of them would take a lot of
waking.
I have been giving each man a sweet
after his medicine, or a cvp of tea after
it. and now. just like children, they
beg for doses of medicine so they can
have a sweetie.
One ward was awfully funny tonight
when I went in about an hour after the
lights were turned out at 9 o'clock. AH
was peace and I was congratulating
myself on them being such good boys
when a gentle "mew" came from a
corner bed. Immediately a chorus of
"miouws"came. one from every bed. It
was like a cat show broken loose. I
finally fled, with my fingers in my
ears, and they did laugh.
Another favorite thing to do when
you say "good night" and turn the
light out is for one man to reply po
litely, "good night, nurse" pause
then another polite voice says, "good
night. nurse," and you reply, "good
night." They keep this up until
you have said good night to each man
in the ward separately.
Waking Patients Hard Task.
Getting them up in the morning is one
of the heaviest duties of a night nurse.
Most people slightly resent being
waked up to be washed at or before
6 A. M. in the pitchy darkness. Then
the flare of the gas dazzles their eyes,
poor dears. They really bear up well
under the infliction. The ones who are
well enough to get up and get washed
and make their own beds and go down
stairs to breakfast are the worst. They
can all sleep like tops at getting-up
time. No stern threats as to "no break
fast" no vain repetition of the late
ness of the hour disturbs their slum
bers. If you say emphatically: "You
have only seven minutes to dress and
make your bed," a cheerful voice will
reply, "I always do it in four minutes,
nurse." Then as a last resort you say,
sadly: "Well, I shall be blamed if you
are late" that man absolutely shoots
out of bed in a second and dresses like
fury to be down in time. Under no cir
cumstances will they see the nurses
blamed for anything. They suffer hor
ribly if our stern matron reproves us In
their presence (which she quite fre
quently does!!!)
Red Cross nursing is a strenuous life,
but it has its compensations.
April 26.
P. S. This letter was written weeks
ajro. but was stopped by the censor on
its Journey west. He informed me on
returning it that I must procure a per
mit from the War Office before sending
any more letters for publication.
After some delay and a good deal of
correspondence I now have the permit
safe and sound and hope to send letters
from time to time as I have done in the
past.
During this time of waiting for the
permit I have been so busy in the hos
pital that I should have had no time
to write in any case.
We are all rejoicing that America Is
now one of our allies. The Stars and
Stripes is a very popular flag and is to
be seen flying everywhere.
the cards so rated as to value must be
so held as to warrant the values; that
is. they must be accompanied by a suf
ficient number of other cards of the
same suit as to invest them with trick
taking possibilities. A singleton king
or an imperfectly guarded queen could
not be so rated.
Jacks and tens are given no values
save as they are in combination with
one or more higher honors of the same
suit. A king in sequence with its ace
Is equal in trick -taking possibilities to
the ace and is therefore given the
same value as the ace. So an ace. king
together have the value of 8. Also, if
queen be in sequence with its king. It
is as capable of taking a trick as the
king and is therefore given the value
of the king. So king, queen together
count as 4. Certain combinations, in
other words, are given certain values
according to the special cards compos
ing the combinatxns. I give below a
table of values applying to combina
tions, which the student should so fa
miliarize him with as to be able to
recognize and estimate the valine of at
a glance:
AK, AQJorKQJ are worth 8.
A Q 10. A J 10 or K Q 10 are worth 6.
A Q are worth 5. .
A J or K Q are worth 4.
K J 10 are worth 3.
K J or Q J are worth 2.
Going back to the values given to
the three highest cards, it follows that
if aces are worth 4, kings 2 and queens
1. each suit has a value of 7 and. there
being four suits in the pack, the total
values are 28. Very well, as there are
four players, the average value of each
player's hand is 7. When, therefore, a
player's hand has a value In excess of
7, his hand is above the average and
worth what is known as a free bid. If
the values so held belong to one suit,
the suit should be bid, provided of
course the suit also contains length. If
the values so held are distributed
among three or possibly all four suits,
no-trump should be bid. provided, in
this case. It is not a better spade or
heart bid. This phase of the question
I need not dwell upon, as I have re
peatedly set forth the importance of
bidding a major suit, when the hand
justifies the bid. rather than no-trumps.
though the hand also Justifies the no
trump, save when one holds a hundred
aces.
Now let us look again at the two
hands previously given: In the first the
values total 10. 4 for the ace. 4 for king
queen together, 2 for queen, jack to
gether. These values being distrib
uted among three suits, the hand is an
undoubted no-trumper. In the second
the values total 9: 4 for ace, 3 for king,
jack, 10, 2 for queen, jack. The strength
in this hand also being divided among
three suits, it also is an undoubted no
trumper.
I will continue this subject rn con
nection with the rebid and the assist in
the next issue.
RIVER FISHERMAN DROWNS
Body of Man Who JFell From Boat
Off Fort Canby Xot Recovered.
ASTORIA. Or.. June 16. (Special.)
Gust Winntck, a fisherman. was
drowned about 8 o'clock last night by
falling from his boat in the lower har
bor off Fort Canby. The body has not
been recovered--
Winnlck was a native of Finland. 30
years of age and unmarried. He waa
employed by the Columbia River
Packers' Association,