Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (March 4, 1917)
;. . t t ' 5 . 1 HOW SOME TOWNS OE THE EAR NORTH -By 3, Y (CopyrtEht. 191T. by 9ra.nk O. CjrpeiiterJ NOME, Alaska, I have Just re turned from a reception at the ' Kegoayah Kozra, This Is the woman's club farthest north. It be longs to tho National Federation of Woman's Clubs, and It Is one of the live social organizations of this up-to- date territory. Kegroayah Kozgra Is the Eskimo for "Aurora Club." and this : dub Is typical of the dawn of woman's i work in Northern Alaska. The club Awns Its own house, a delightful little cottage on one of the main streets of Kome, and It has a surplus In Its treas- ' ury. j A copy of the club book lies before cne. From It I find that the member ship Is 65 and that It meets on the first end third Wednesdays of every month. It has also special days, which are civic events. One of these is "Clean-up day." when the people of the town are supposed to make special efforts to beautify their homes and streets. An other Is Children's day, coming In June, when all the children are given a pic nic, during? which they have games and prizes. A third Is Flower day, held In August. In celebration of the wonder ful Summer vegetation of -this part of the world. ' One meeting every year Is devoted to the entertainment of the husbands of the club, and another to saying farewell o the members who are going outside for the Winter. The Kegoayah Kozga has its study classes, which run throughout the sea son. Last year one of these classes was devoted to Alaska, another to South America and a third to the French lan guage. The club has also lectures, es says and poems given by Its members; and it Is, in short, thoroughly up to date as to club organization and club life. I was struck by the high character of the women I met at the club this after noon. The women here are typical of those of other parts of Alaska. They are well dressed, well bred and well educated. Not a few are college grad uates; and all show more hospitality than is common throughout the United biates. Many of them have lived In Alaska for years and their stories of conditions, present and past, are espe cially Interesting. St was not until 1898, when gold was discovered In the Klondike, that many women came to Alaska. Those who were here before that were chiefly the wives of Government officials or of officers of the Army and Navy, some of whom lived at the posts and others at the chief towns along the coast. There were also the missionaries, who had stations at Sitka and other places In Southeastern Alaska, and occasionally the wife of a sea captain or trapper. The first woman to establish a home en Cook Inlet was Mother White, the wife of a whaler who made voyages to Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. He brought his wife with him and she built a log cabin store and roadhouse on the shores of Cook Inlet, about 200 jnlles from the site of the new town of r 'Si : TTodem Poulir Qliure BY MYRA KELSEY COX. Experienced Poultry Woman, All turkeys are primarily alike, but variations in disposition or habit should determine the kind best suited to a grower's re sources. Pure-bred flocks are pre ferred to mongrels for markets or breeders. BESIDES the obvious difference of color, the several breeds of tur keys differ chiefly in three essen tials: Size, vigor, good dressing quali ties. No breed unites all superlatively nor lacks at least one of the three. Some offer greater resistance to weather hardships at the loss of size. Others have weight, but dress with less satisfaction. Varieties of geese are much more dissimilar, the difference extending even to the matter of egg production. When the raiser undertakes to choose a variety, he finds two other decisions Inextricably related. For what purpose Is the crop destined, for general mar keting, or specializing In breed, with (how birds on the side? The great ma jority belongs to closs of market sup pliers. Second, what gauges, the num ber In the breeding flock? Generous acres and good pasturage predispose to growing turkeys in num bers for market and good foragers are desirable. A few people have succeeded in yarding turkeys, but it is not advis able for the general raiser. Besides the risk of mortality, the entire feed lng devolves upon the breeder's pocket book. In case of small fields fancy or pure-bred birds for breeding purposes are a good risk a sort of intensive raising. Specialization under such cir cumstances may include several stan dard varieties. It is folly to crowd numbers of turkeys In a small pasture, unless one permits them to be free lances. Market Requirements Easy. All of . the varieties and even roon trrel flocka raised under good condi life OE'THEM HAVE .MADE GOOD CARPENTER.' tt 7 'T -f1 Anchorage. It was there that Miss Martha White was born. She was the first white child to see the light of day In that part of the world, and when the wori began on the Government railway she was chosen to drive the first spike. It Is more than 20 years alnce Mrs. White established her store and road house. She dealt with the Indians and trappers, and later on started a fish cannery and saltery. In one year she put up 2000 barrels of salted salmon. She made considerable money, which she Invested In mining. She was a part of the gold stampede to Sunrise, on Turnagain arm, where she 'made so much that she might have retired In comfort. Then bad luck came. She put her winnings Into unsuccessful properties and lost them. She went back to the roadhouse business and established little hotels at Hop City and Sunrise. These were a success, and she gradually accumulated some property. In the meantime, her daugh ter was growing up and Mother White decided to leave Alaska and go to the States to educate her. She nioved to Chicago and opened a little store there, which supported her until a few years ago, when Martha's education was fin ished. . And then came that longing to go' back to Alaska that permeates the souls of all who have made their homes here for any length of time. It so ob sessed Mrs. White that she left her daughter in Chicago and went alone to the North. With tears In her eyes, she told me how she came back to the min ing camps of Hope and Sunrise and how they affected her. Many of the old prospectors whom she had known were still there, and she felt that here was her home and her friends. The result was that she came back to Alaska, bringing her daughter with her, and when the work on the railroad began she was one of the first on the ground at the new town of Anchorage. She came In with a stock of lumber and canvas, and before a rail was laid or any excavation made she had put up tents for eating and lodging down on the flats. Her sleeping tent was equipped with bunks one over the other like those of a sleeping car. and each bed brought her a dollar a night. When the new site for Anchorage was chosen she built a frame hotel on the main street, and. she is doing so well that she will probably have to put up a larger building in the near future. Another woman who has made good In Alaska Is Mrs. Pullen, of Skagway, who, by her kindness to the old min ers and stranded prospectors, has earned the title of "Mothdr of ' the North." She has a beautiful hotel, at the head of the Lynn canal, where the glacial Skagway River flows in. The place Is surrounded by mountains that reach to the clouds, and it is not far away from the mighty Ice rivers of Glacier Bay. Mrs. Pullen has recently bought a farm which covers the ground upon which Dyea was located, and she Is stabling her stock there In houses built by the miners and traders when that place was a wide-open city and tions, qualify for the market, for ordin ary requirements 'are not so rigid. A clean, shapely, fat turkey, carefully dressed easily classes as fancy. But certain varieties do this more readily than others. The raiser must deter mine what qualities he prefers pre-1 dominant. ..'- We have the liberty of selection from several varieties: White Holland.: Slate. Buff. Narragansett, Bronze, Black and Bourbon Red. Buff and Bourbon Red are so ftimilar excent nil rrt k!a n tn hA Bronze and Narragansett varieties, both of New England origin, are much alike. What, then, does the turkey raiser seek? Is it size or earlv maturity? Domesticity or hardiness? Vigor or good-dressing qualities? Some com bine several of these qualities and achieve popularity. Others are ham pered by some undesirable characteris tic. But each breed has Its enthusiastic sponsors. It sometimes happens that a raiser, discouraged or dissatisfied, de cides to change the variety to Which he lias' hitherto pinned his faith. Such a one after years of Bronze, chose the Buff. Said, he a year later to a friend Experience has shown that the first two weeks of a chick's life is the most critical period, there fore it may be said to mark the. real basis of success with poul try. In next week's article an experienced breeder tells how to care for the -brood during this ' time. contemplating a similar change: "Don't do it. I grew tired racing after my Bronze turkeys day after day, and got the Buff last year. Well, the hens and young ones simply camped on the door step waiting for me to feed them.' Or course, at Christmas they were mid gets."' Buff was to him a disqualifi cation, since ne aesired size more. It Is their size combined with vigor that makes the Bronze, sometimes called the Giant Bronze,, a favorite in THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTIAND, 3UKCH 4, 1917. -. the golden clouds of Dawson covered the sky. Mrs. Pullen came to Skagway at the time of the gold rush to the Klondike. The daughter of a well-to-do settler on Puget Sound, she had married and become a widow with three little sons at the time gold was discovered. Her father had died some years before, leaving 'her plenty of money, but she had lost this, and decided to go to the gold mines. She was almost penniless when she landed In Alaska, and when a miner came to the steamer to hire a cook for his camp she asked for the job and got it. She did well there, and later on became the cook for a board ing house, where her sourdough- flap jacks and soda biscuits soon became famous. She saw that big money was being, made In freighting goods over the mountains, and she sent her first savings back to Seattle and brought in six horses that were still left of those on her . father's farm. She also im ported a wagon, and then started freighting over the trail. She drove the horses herself, making her cus tomers load their . own goods. She got high rates of freight, and was soon clearing $25 a day. At the end of the first season she was $1000 ahead, and this gave her enough to build a cottage and start a hqtel of her own. From that time on she has been able not only to live well and niake money, but to give her chil dren as good an education as our coun try affords. The boys went to school in Skagway, where they worked at odd hours and during vacation to help their "mother. Later they were sent to the United States to college. One of them was the first appointee from Alaska to West Point, and another graduated at the University of Washington, and Is now a mining engineer connected with the big dredging operations in . the Klondike. The boy who went to West' Point made a remarkable record. When he first came he was nicknamed "the Eski mo"; but he made good in athletics and became captain of the football team. He stood especially well in swordsmanship and sportsmanship and the horse he rode was one raised In Alaska and sent to him by his mother. When he graduated he stood fourth in his class, and he is now one of the pro fessors of the military academy. In those early days all sorts of wom en went to the Klondike. Some tramped in over the trail, wearing short skirts, bloomers and boots that came to their knees. Some came with their husbands and aided in prospecting and in get ting gold out of the frozen earth. Among them was the wife of Professor Thomas C. Lippy, who had been secre tary of the Y. M. C. A. at Seattle. He began his mining along the upper Yu kon in Alaska, and left his wife there when he first came to the Klondike. A few months later she followed, him and the two made a large fortune. - Another Puget Sound man who be- every locality, and accounted the best all-round breed for general raising. The young grow vigorously and display an admirable inclination . to assist their boarding mistress by foraging. The adult's frame Is loner. deeD-breasted. powerful, well-constructed for o4rrying tne weight -of flesh to which the gob bler owes his ability. to tip -the beam from 30 to 40 pounds." His dark plum age, overlaid with Irldescencec'proua carriage and noble eize, . establish It as the Grand -Mogul of Turkeydc-m.1 Its size retards its maturity, hence seven months, a marketable age with the av erage turk. finds the Bronze inclined to be gawky, except where it has been constantly under - ideal conditions of range, weather and health. Hardy Black Has Virtues. ' .The Black ' Turkey In ' contour re sembles the Bronze,' but' is smaller, clean cut, with less depth of breast. It is distinctly standoffish in disposition, inclined to wander and rather timorous. It Is considered very hardy and is raised exclusively in some rigorous climates and on ranches.- To .make a good show ing wnen plucked, it must be in the pink of condition. Pin feathers on any of the dark-plumaged varieties make sightly dressing difficult, "since the black pigment therein smears smuttily. Its polished crow-Jiack, matched with black shanks. iake it a markedly hand some bird ?a real Black Beauty. Baby Blacks are wiry, rather small, vigor ous. Prejudice against the color has discarded this variety in many sections noted foa thieir fancy dressed stock a real- injustice, when its hardy qualities are .consiaerea. In direct contrast to this is the White Holland of similar lines and size, but witn snowy wnne plumage and salmon colored shanks. Its chief commenda tion is its beauty as a dresser. It lacks popularity because many- consider, it lacking in stamina. In common with all white fowls, it offers soeclal Inilnr... ment to predatory birds and animals. since its color offers it no protection. The albino of every kind is considered Inherently weak. The Buff Turkey probably displays a sharper difference in body than any other variety. The- type .'is- shorter. OF IN MINING - CAMPS AMID ft 7 1 JL' r 4 v 3 came a millionaire through his mines near Dawson was Mr. Clarence" Berry. He had been married just before he came to the Klondike, and he brought his wife with him. Mrs. Berry Is said to have poked out several thousand dollars worth of nuggets from the dumps of her husband's mines. The two went back to the United States rich. Another wealthy woman of Puget Sound turned the windlass and raised the bucket which carried the earth out of her husband's mine. Some brought money with them and made more by investing in gold prop erties. One woman had $30,000 when she left Vancouver. . and she doubled and quadrupled it, when she was cheated out of her fortune by unscru pulous men. She then' took in washing and baked bread for the miners with the flour they brought to her. She opened a roadhouse at Selkirk, and later on made money and saved it. That woman came from Idaho.- She is said to be quite - well-to-do. The daughter of a former Governor of Kentucky was living In Portland when the first news of the great finds In the Klondike reached there. She had several thousand dollars and she brought this with hereto Dawson, where she Isvested it all In town lots. She sold and rebought and resold property in the business part of the town, and sent back home money to the value of thousands of dollars. Lots for which she paid $700 were sold for $16,000 and upward, and In one single transaction she is said to have made as much as $60,000. Another woman who took In wash ing and made money came north from Juneau where she had been working In a laundry. She was blond. 45 years of age, but so stout and rugged that more compact, the body rounder, the neck and legs shorter. The creamy flesh and pale pin feathers lend an air to even the poorer specimens. The uni form Is brownish red with white tail and wing quills. The Bourbon Red is THIS fowl belongs to the Medlter : ranean class, and is rated as a heavy layer of large --white eggs. Many individual hens have .made envi able records In laying contests, while a foremost English breeder. tested six pullets for one year and found they laid 1047 eggs, an average of 234 eggs each. The eggs are large, and . chalk whtte, equaling those of the Minorcas. AllTecords seem to Indicate that the Blue Andalusian is native to Spain, whence it derives its name. ' Some early accounts report .the first Importation made into England as coming directly from Cadiz, Spain. The breed is at its best In -England and Canada, although very recently American breeders have made a strong Of ; J ' ' ' BLUE ANDAllSIAXS. ' ' JLA. S f alls 0 3 it t. she pulled her own sled, weighing 250 pounds, from Lake Llndeman through to Lake Le Barge, and made her way on down to Circle City.' She started a laundry and bakeshop . and sold her bread for from 60 cents to a dollar a loaf. Later on she came to the Klon dike and staked out a claim on Eldora do Creek from which she realized $300,000. The women of that time did all sorts of things and underwent every hard ship to get to the gold mines. Many were stranded at Skagway or Dyea, the ports at the foot of the mountains over which the trails led to the gold camps. There was one old woman at Skagway whose story was told me by Elmer J. White. recently . American Consul at White Horse. Said Mr. White: "The woman was over 75 year of age. but she had enough nerve to come north with the rush. She had no money to get over the trail, so she started in selling newspapers at from 25 to 50 cent each, the current prices of those days. She was so old that she aroused sympathy, and a rich miner would of ten give her $5 for a paper at Skagway and tell her to keep the change. I knew her well. I was then editor of a paper at Skagway and she would bring her money to me and ask me to count it. She would sometimes have $40 or $50 from the sales of a few days. She kept her savings in a bag, and when she left she had about $2000. All this time she was sleeping In a piano box in a little cabin across the street from my newspaper office. I feared she would freeze during the , Winter, and I got her people in Montana to write her to come home. I sent her money there and arranged her passage. "You might think that -a woman of that kind would be unsafe In a mining larger with much the same coloring. It is often called "Red" or "Snuff-colored." It Is placidly home-loving? and reasonably vigorous. No variety is more suitable for one desiring turkeys disinclined to wander. showing -of Blue Andaluslans at our leading shows. ... . Both . sexes have a steel-blue body color, each feather edged with - slaty blue, the male differing from the fe male only In the coloring of-the neck and saddle hackles and wins? butts, which are dark blue, each feather edged with blue-black. The male "has. a large red comb and large pendulous wattles. The female's comb falls to one side as In Leghorns and Minorcas. Both sexes have white earlobes. - As before noted, the hens are heavy layers and do well either yarded or on free range. They do not get broody, however, and the eggs must be hatched by hens of other breeds or by artificial means. The chicks are ' strong and Vigorous. -' ' " '"."' 3 ' "i -J J ( 4 yvs-cr ?V3 r flics JVhie ZDvnr the ij'rKsZ.. Splice an 1n.cZe &&jtis Vevr ZiaiIroacZ. Mi :i h i rl U 1 mm- community. She was not. Every one was ready to protect her, and Soapy Smith, the desperado, was one of - her best customers. I remember one day she came in and told me a certain man had insulted her. I thereupon Informed the Deputy Marshal, who is now a Sen ator in the Alaska Legislature. He went to the man and gave him 24 hours to leave town. He departed instanter." The old type of roughly-dressed fron tier woman is rapidly passing. The mining of the rich camps is going into the hands of a large capital, and there are but few women who have big min ing investments. I heard of none at Dawson except Margaret Mitchell, who calls herself the Quartz Queen of the Klondike, and she Is only potentially rich. Margaret Mitchell has faith that the 180.000.000 odd dollars' worth of the gold that have been washed out In grains and dust from the creeks and basin of the Klondike must have been ground Off from rich, veins nearby. She is looking for the mother lodes, and for years has been taking up and buy ing quartz claims. Some of her prop erties are now being developed and a few are said to carry good values. Margaret Mitchell Is one of the first to rush to every new mining field. She Is a part of every stampede, and In this way has got the nickname "Stam pede" Mitchell. She thoroughly under stands the mining laws, and watches out for claims that lapse through the carelessness of owners in falling to do the assessment work annually required. Every now and then she picks up' a valuable claim, and sometimes one that belongs to the big capitalists. I un derstand that she jumped such a claim only the other day, and that the mil lionaires had to pay her $6000 before she would release the new title thus Personal xperlence with nearly all the varieties has cemented the writer's regard for 'the slate. Architecturally conforming to the bronze, it is a ra tional forager, vigorous, of even tem perament and most satisfactory for market. Its coat is zinc-gray with lighter tail and wlng3. Often the blue gray quills are irregularly spotted with black. Its somber color denies It the distinction of beauty, but -its bear ing equals that of -the bronze. This variety, often called the blue or gray. Is gradually assuming Importance In localities where recently it was un known, winning its way by Its sound qualities. This breed matures a little earlier than the bronze, is less rangy in build, prepares rapidly for market, and does equally well on open or lim ited ground. , ' Wild Turkey s Hardy. The wild turkey, very much like its big brother, the bronze, with more of the brown in Its' sheen, ' Is extremely active and hardy. It has been domesti cated and introduced as a sire in pure bred flocks with the object of increas ing vigor, with gratifying results. Mongrel flocks are not desirable. If made a rule, the breeders deteriorate in size and thriftiness. Original crosses produce good individuals. A. flock of slate bens headed by a bronze gobbler .yields a progeny excellent for dress ing, but undesirable as sires. In reviewing the varieties accord ing to their qualities, it may be noted that for sze one may select bronze. Narragansett or Bourbon red. For vigor the wild turkey, bronze, slate and black are entries. In . the "good dresser" class are the light-feathered varieties, slate. . white Holland, buff. Rangers include the black, bronze, Narragansett and. elate, while the buff is more domestic. . - - It is wfse to be assured of accli matized stock when changing to a new vailety. The best will fall under ad verse conditions. And it is not ad visable to change while the breed one has is satisfactory. After all. one is forced finally to test by experience. The unknown factor is always how the new variety will accommodate itself to a new climate and an unfamiliar lo cation. Pedestrian Saved; Driver Killed.- CHICAGO, Feb. 24. Frank Kae'sebert; 3059 Montrose avenue.-died of injuries incurred when E.. Kadloff, 4039 North Spaulding avenue, to avoid ' running down, a' pedestrian,' swerved his' auto lea? 7 5- " . ft acquired. I met Stampede Mitchell dur ing my stay in Dawson. She Is a bronze-faced, bright-eyed, energetic woman of middle age. with a firm faith in the existence of quartz gold in the upper Yukon. The larger towns of the Alaska of today have perhaps one-half as many women as men. The tents and shacks of the past have given place to com fortable homes with gardens and flowers, and the social conditi ins are not far different from those of the towns pf the United States. Every town oJ any size has a woman's club like that here at Nome, and all have entertainments of one kind or another. The Juneau Woman's Club recently gave a reception to the Woman's Club of Douglas Island. It was held in the City Hall, and among the papers read was one on English literature, another on the cathedral towns of Europe, and a third on old English with readings from Chaucer. The Fairbanks Club Is especially In terested in civic matters. Its members write editorials for the local news papers on how to. improve sanitary and educational conditions; and they have done a great deal to uplift the town. They are interested in the liquor ques tion and did much in the last election to make Alaska vote dry. The same is true of every woman's club in the country from Ketchikan to Nome. The clubs are doing a great deal to better educational conditions. They . keep close track of the schools, and all of them are more or less literary in character. The women of Alaska come from all parts of the world, and many of them are widely traveled. They have broad ideas of public events and their discussions take a wide range. Conditions In Alaska are especially conducive to literary work. There is plenty of .time for study, and it may be this that makes so many of the daugh ters of the territory engage in writing poetry. The Kegoayah Kozga has sev eral poets, one of whom has in the club book of this year a toast to Alaska women, which is substantially as fol lows: You toast the men of Alaska. Clod bless them every one. They gave their best, they stood the test Of the land of the midnight-sun. But what of that brave woman Who mushed close by their side. She took the trail (they thought her frail). All hardships she decried. The sweetheart, wife or mother. She came for love alone. She stifled fear, fought back each tear. And built anew the homo. A toast to .the Alsska woman From Ketchikan to Nome. She's worth more gold than the earth can hold. A toast to woman home. mobile and crashed Into a coal wagon at Hermitage avenue and Irving Park boulevard. Mrs. Kaesebert. who was with her husband in the automobile, was injured. Bill Aims at Anonymous Letter. JEFFERSON CITY. Mo.. Feb. 24. Representative Hawes Introduced a bill intended to prevent such organizations as the Independent Voters' League from circulating anonymous circulars in political campaigns. The bill would prohibit the publication or circulation of a campaign pamphlet unless the name. and address of the person or per sons circulating it should be printed in it. It would make unlawful the Issu ing of such pamphlets under the name of any association or league. The pen alty provided for violation Is a fine of 100 to 500. II To SAVE LITTLE CHICKS II and iuslp them to grow into big:, tronc bealtkjr birds. FEED Diamond Chick - Food Our name and trade mark oa every oncinal pacjtaa-e. HAOI ONLY BY Portland Seed C.5J2LiLS3 Portland, Ore. Ask for Poultry Catalog A'o. 32 A GOOD START 1 1 Bring yonr & chicks thronfih C the first three N weeks strona S$ and sturdy ana you're sure to NS raise them. 5s 17m! than . Feed them 1 BCTTERMILK STARTING FOOD S II 5v the complete food for the first three weeks S -and you'll bring them safely through that N$ ss critical period with a good start in life. Costs Vt leper chic. Buy a Bag. $1. Pktfs.25c.50c & VN Conkeys Roup Remedy ft treat mr and N SS frcrcotum & deadly concarinui disease. 2 Sc. SUc. SS 5 -- AT YOUR DALR - J : i"-..-: " K - 7-.-. - r . .-V'-C: - - . - - f. '"'.'".l-Sr . .......... s . y
