The Sunday Oregonian., February 25, 1917, SECTION FOUR, Page 9, Image 57

THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, POltTXAND, FEBRUARY 1917. "
SUBMARINE BRINGS INTO WORLD NEW WARFARE METHODS
PORTLAND. Feb. 24. (To the Edi
tor). The articles contributed to
the last Sunday Oregonian on the
eubjeet "International Law In the
Break With Germany" were particu
larly Interesting, and It has occurred
to me that I have not seen very many
plain explanations of the position tak
en by this Government, except where
in so much is assumed, and although
pernaps plain to a lawyer, or those
Versed, in international law, the same
ar generally misunderstood, or at
least the full meaning is not grasped.
In National controversies. It would
' teem, the respective contentions should
be made as A B C to the general pub
lic. -
There are several reasons why I
think our position Is quite generally
misunderstood. I have heard it said
to often that it has become quite a
coined expression: "If the United
fcitates would quit making munitions
for the allies and shut oft all commerce
with the belligerent nations, and warn
all American citizens to remain off of
the vessels of the allies, the war would
ibe over in a short while."
I have also as often heard people ex
press the conviction that the United
ritates has violated its neutrality by
taking a different stand in regard to
the respective blockades and war zones
upon the high seas, as defined by the
respective belligerents. It may be
that some of these expressions are
rrompted by prejudice, springing from
ties of nationality or blood, relations,
hut In many instances the loyalty of
the citizens making them cannot for
one moment be doubted.
In all the pro-German articles writ
ten for your paper coming to-my notice
I have in particular noticed each one
of them have assumed, as their first
5remise, either one or botla, of the
above criticisms, and then proceed to
Bhow. them unfair.
In "the "same paper Mark T. Kady has.
in my judgment, very ably discussed
"The Basis for authority for Interna
tional Law," and from his quotations
of the very highest and best authority
we have we learn that international
law is not made in the midst of a gi
gantic war, to BUit the one side and to
the disadvantage of the other, but that
It derives its authority "from the gen
eral consent of all mankind . .
expressed agreement ... or upon
tacit consent." We also learn from the
came article that the nation which
violates the rules of international law
becomes an outlawed nation and falls
into disrepute. It would seem to me
that this statement has particular ap
Ttlication to the conduct of the nation
loosing as a neutral, for there could
ihardly be any excuse for a neutral na
tion to thus conduct itself. '
At the outset it is a serious error to
cay the United States is now or that It
ever has manufactured munitions for
the allies. It does not, as a Nation,
manufacture munitions, except for its
own use. nor does it furnish supplies,
contraband or otherwise, to any bellig
erent. Its citizens and subjects,
however, are engaged in the various
pursuits, a part of which are farming,
Jnanufacturing, trade and commerce.
It is not essential to our neutrality
that we should curtail these lawful
pursuits by shutting off our commerce
with the nations at war. Our duty is
ouite to the contrary and the funda
mental principles of humanity require
this. Congress regulates our com
merce with the foreign nations and
promises protection to its citizens and
their prorerty while engaged therein.
This is fundamental to the laws of all
rations. If it was the policy of this
Nation thus to rearulate and protect
our commerce with one belligerent
and put a stop to all commerce with
the other belligerent, we certainly
would not be neutral.
In thus regulating and protecting
our commerce with foreign nations we
are subjected to all the rules of inter
national law and our cargoes to one
belligerent are thus subject to lawful
search and examination and, if contra
band, to seizure or destruction by the
other belligerent. Commerce with
nations at war, therefore, has always
been" considered very hazardous and
it is not the purpose of our Constitu
tion to regulate or protect against this
hazard, but rather to see that we are
subjected to nu greater hazard than is
warranted by the rules of international
law.
Those rules require that In times of
war the ships of neutral nations are
entitled to previous notice before seiz
ure or destruction and an opportunity
to prove, if posssible, that the cargo
Is not contraband or for the enemy and
more important than all of that, to
save the lives of those manning the
phip. If our commerce could not be
thus successfully carried on with one
belligerent, that would not furnish a
Just cause for us to put a stop to it
with the other belligerent, wo. cannot
be held at fault tor suah an unfortu
Hate circumstance and it is not a vio
lation of our neutrality for us to con
tinue commerce with such of the na
tions as can successfully cope with, the
hazards incident to it.
If such were not the case, then there
would be no advantage gained by the
terrible sacrifices made in sea battles.
Jt would seem as unbecoming to a neu
tral nation to stop all commerce with
the nation which holds the balance of
Bea power in time of war as it would
to voluntarily stop our commerce with
either, nation in time of war when the
came can be successfully carried on. No
German would contend for a moment
perhaps that under such circumstances
we would not be violating our neu
trality if we continued our commerce
with Germany and voluntarily stopped
It with the other belligerents.
Some nations are so fortunately sit
uated that they are enabled to with
Btand a successful blockade for several
years, while others, given more to man
ufacturing or particular pursuits, could
not exist for even a short period of a
few months without open commerce
with the outside world. For all neu
tral nations at once to discontinue
commerce with such a nation would at
once spell its destruction, no matter
how strong it might otherwise be. The
victory as against such a nation would
be won, not by the nations at war
egalnst her, but by the attitude of neu
trality.
The submarine has brought into the
world new methods of warfare. Owing
to this it is the attitude of one of the
belligerents that the rules of Interna
tional law should so shape themselve
to the new conditions as would make
the new instrumentality effective aa
Buch. As soon as it shows itself alon
eide of a merchant vessel to give no
tice, demand a right to search and to
provide safety to the citizens manning
the vessel, it becomes at once a targe
for guns of even small caliber and it
cannot effectively care for the citizen
aboard the vessels it seeks to destroy,
Therefore it cannot carry on its mis
sion of destroying hostile commerce
effectively and at the same time kee
within the established rules of inter
national law. -
But the same belligerent contend
that if a merchant vessel is armed it
becomes a warship and as such is no
entitled to previous notice or an oppor
tunity of safety for the citizens aboard
of her.
These questions are also answered by
the rules of international. law and that
is the only resort we have to guide us.
To sink merchant vessels promls
cuously without notice and without an
opportunity to save the lives of those
aboard of her, without knowing of -th
mature of her mission or her cargo, I
equivalent to the position that no neu
tral vessel has any right to be on th
high eeas during times of war and is
what President Wilson terms ruthless
warfare. The rules of international
lay have, for many years, recognized
the right of merchant vessels to arm
for protection only and this is con
fined to arming with guns of small cal
iber. It would seem to me that our
Government should use all effective
methods to carry on its commerce with
all nations, if it can be accomplished
"within reasonable bounds of safety
and profit to its citizens and to turn a
neutral ear to the results of the pres
ent conflict.
The war zone upon the high seas as
defined by England about two years
ago did not define boundaries within
which commerce could not be carried
with gill-nets on the Columbia RiveJ
since 1874. The Fishermens" Union at
Astoria established themselves in the
latter '80s and have- always held a
grudge or prejudice against anything
outside of gill-nets. They hold that
gill-nets are the only thing to use for
catching salmon. Traps and seines are
destructive and destroy all young
salmon, say the union. Now, as before
in my writings on the salmon question,
I like to ask these-' smart leaders of
both Astoria and Clackamas unions
whether they know anything about
aried bunk Is published at state ex
pense and sent out by our institutions
of higher education to keep people
from coming to Oregon.
I repeat to thinking people who are
taxpayers and persons who support
themselves by industry or business that
the t'nie has come to adopt a new slo
gan for Oregon put people on the
land and enable them to stay on me
land. Destroy speculation and monopo
lization of lands. No state is so band!
on within the rules of international i salmon ana its naDits at an, or wnemei
law, but to define a zone in which the they are dreaming or talking In their
..... 4Ua oili-nl rmn.-.yi wan SleeD.
Darticularlv intense and dangerous to Common sense and reason tells us in
commerce and this because of the lay- the first place that the Willamette
,, j s'Vi & n & r,r orrnr The River should be closed to commercial
... , i , s. t ofFut fishing In Oregon, and so should the
describes boundaries within which all
commerce, no matter what may be its
nature, is unlawful and within which
its submarines are l)&ig in wait to de
stroy, regardless of the loss of life or
other consequences. The United States
has refused, as has nearly all other
neutral nations, to recognize any such
zone, and by reason thereof the United
States has broken off its diplomatic
relations with Germany.
Germany knows she is in the wrong
and had she not been convinced of this
fact it would not have made its prom
ises to the United States, holding good
until February 1, this year, that she
would not continue that method of
warfare. The United States now
awaits the overt act on the part of
Germanv to sink one of our shies with
out previous notice or to destroy ships
of other nations ruthlessly, wherein the
lives of our citizens are endangerea.
Cowlitz, in Washington, for those
streams are natural spawning grounds.
The Cowlitz River is a natural spawn
ing ground for steelheads and silver
sided, and the Willamette for early
Chinooks, and fishing in these streams
with gill-nets and set-nets should by
law be prohibited.
Now. concerning traps. Traps are al
lowed by permits from the War Depart
ment and only so many feet distant
from the shore line, and do not inter
fere either with navigation or gill-nets.
The rotten idea the gili-net fishermen
have in their heads that traps destroy
young salmon Is ridiculous and Ignor
ance. There are no young salmon be
low the mature ape that ever entet
this river or any other river. Mature
salmon only enter these streams for
the purpose to spawn, and when tneir
mission is done they linger and die.
This is nature. No salmon ever spawns
twice. How can traps destroy young
It is to be hoped that Germany will Haimo"n when there are no young salmon
not carry out her threat. We are await
ing developments. B. J. HOWLAND,
WILSON DELAYS CRITICISED
Writer Thinks Freedom of Seas Ought
to Be Unforced.
ALMIRA. Wash., Feb. 23. (To the
Editor.) In the matter of upholding
American rights at sea President Wil
son is living up to his record of dras
tic action followed by impotent after
thoughts.
American rights at sea are a sub
stance, not a form. They should be a
fact,, potential or actual; instead they
are a theory. Proclaiming to the
world his purpose to protect Amer
icans in their lawful use of the seas,
he has in fact refused to use the first
and most elementary means to effect
that purpose, which is also his constl-
utional and moral duty.
He has answered a tentative declar
ation of war by impotent action be
cause of fear that he might lire the
rst shot in the campaign that he
might sink the submarine before the
ubmarine sank him.
He clled the sinking of the call-1 head salmon.
fornia a technical violation of Amer- I -
can rights because one American lire I STATE'S BIG NEED 13 PRODUCERS
as only lmperneo, nui aciuuuy wivcii.
other words, ho has announced to
the world that an American life must
actuaWy be sacrificed before he will
ake proper measures for his protec-i
ion. He has insisted that the Amer-
can people be refused official warning
f the actual danger to travel on tne
igh seas (deliberately allowing them
togo to a watery grave in a theoreti
cal defense of the freedom of the seas).
while at the same lime criminally re- , .. be thank-
using to use his police power to effect I I""" u"
the actual freedom of the seas.
In other words, he has preferred to
phold the principle of the freedom of
tlie seas by the sacrifice of unarmed
nd non-belligerent men. women and
hildren rather than use the effective
means provided for that purpose, buch
course wo
ntil the judgm
He has stood for the form of the
principle while the substance went to
their untimely doom. It would not
compromise one iota the principle for
which he has stood for the President
have warned Americans to keep oft
the ocean. It would have been the
ounterpart of morality and common
ense. It would nave Deen tne most
legitimate application of the police
power, but it would have only been the
beginning of an effective policy look-
ng toward the establishment or our
ights.
These rights must be established ty
the use of the military arm. All the
ves sacrificed through the sinking of
merchantmen are sacrificed uselessly
and will not exercise one iota of in
fluence in any attempt to establish ef
fectually the freedom of the seas.
This is a practical world, not a the
ory. It is governed by practical laws,
not by theorems. All the thories In
the world won't bring back to. life
those who have been sacrificed upon
the altar of selfish impotence through
theoretical insistence on a practical
right placed in practical jeopardy.
The freedom of the seas does not
consist of written or oral arguments;
it does not consist in dismissal of an
Ambassalor; it does not consist in aca
demic insistence on the right; it does
consist in the inviolable ability of the
merchant marine of the world to travel
the high seas at will
that enter the Columbia or any other
river? The grayling is a salmon spe
cie, and those we catch in the traps,
all are of uniform size and weigh
about three Dounds. They are all male
fish. No one ever tound spawn in a
grayling. "
When we sum up tne wnoie situation
about catching salmon we win nna
that no more destructive means is em
ployed than gill-nets. They use meshes
from four to six Inches and drag the
r-olnmhia. In all the deepest cnanneis,
and what are not caught drop out of
thp mean. a And die.
The nurse-seines should be pronionea.
The worst evil is the new method of
trawling. Thousands of salmon are de
stroyed by that method of fishing. It
will only be a matter or time before
our great "industry will be destroyed,
regardless of hatcheries, if those reck
less methods be allowed.
Dr. Simms. of Cowlitz county, v Well
ington, has introduced a bill at uiym
pia making it unlawful to use any
pound nets, traps or other fixed appli
ances for catcning amnion
food fish with meshes under six incota
stretched measure. This will gill all
the silversides and most of the steel-
Our private dock owners are not open
to criticism for not furnishing the
modern construction and equipment
demanded, for the promised revenue
will no justify it. Their revenue must
come from rents and wharfage and
dockage, and that alone. It is the in
direct community profit resulting
from the building up of the port that
Justifies a municipal dock system, and
drafted a proposed measure to be sub
mitted to Congress for its enactment,
which, if accomplished, would create a
shipowning industry in every port of
the United Sates and more particularly
In the city of Portland.
The bill proposed consists pf the
Government guaranteeing the principal
and interest on bonds .to be issued by
shipowning companies with such safe
capped aa Oregon with these twin I quate municipal dock system win um
cursea of modern' commercialism. The I mately redound to the profit of the
state breeds, maintains and encour-1 private dock owner in the 'general
e-a -the nculator and monoDolist stimulus that It will give to tne pros
whan all Ita functions should be to de- I perity of the port. This matter is well
stray this gentry. They are robbing set forth In a recent report or tne at
tha state of ita-rizht to normal de- I rectors or tne rori or eosion. cum
not the direct revenue that comes from guards as shall insure the Government
the operation of the docks. An ade- I against any possibility of loss.
inia um nas ueen miruuucru id iiio
Senate by Senator Lane and in the
House by Representative McArthur, and
in each case it has been referred to
velopment.
E. HOFER
DOCK CRITIC IS ANSWERED.
C. B. Hiram Polmta Need Munici
pal Eipeadlliire.
PORTLAND. Feb. 24. (To the Edi
tor.) In two recent issues of the .Ore
gon Voter we note the following sug
gestions from C. C. Chapman, the edi
tor: "Why tax the community to build
menting upon the fact that one unit
of their dock system showed an enor
mous yearly deficit so far as direct
revenue was concerned, they give fig
ures showing an enormous community
profit that has come from the munici
pal dock system as a leading factor.
In the mere matter alone of handling
the vessel! in and out of the harbor,
there was an estimated community
re'venun of S5.240.000, or $17,500 per
day. This is equivalent In community
the appropriate committee, where It
has been allowed to repose quietly and
without disturbance. Should an extra
session of Congress be called then
would be the opportune time to force
It to the attention of Congress, but It
will require the whole force of the
community to do so. R. C11ILCOTT.
WAR CONSPIRACY IS CHARGED
Writer Says Cabal ef Big Newspapers
Seeks to Feree .America la.
PORTLAND. Feb. S3. (To the Ed-
profit it the factory wages of 8000 I itor.) It is becoming more and more
bulk elevators when private capital I men supporting 30.000 or 40.000 people. I evident each, day that a gigantic con-
will not take the risk?" "Talk about
farmers paying 10 and 15 cents for
sacks is buncombe. The difference in
price between new and old sacks is
only 2 or 3 cents, which is all the farm
er loses if he buys new sacks, and
ones.
Ana vei ii oia not inciuao tne sum s piracy exists to force the people of
spent la docking and repairing vessels, 1 t ,,.,. . . ;. , .ni
th. vhIiia t r. tha rnmmlimtv of tne I
shins' crews and families residing Small incendiary fires of war are be
there, or the clerical forces on the ling kindled night and day throughout
piers and in the freight offices, or the I the Nation, with nothing to prevent
draymen and cartage firms, or the l them from develonlntr into one huge
none of which he losea if he buys old I hundreds of barges and sailing craft I conf ragration. but the Indifference of
no omer mias.ui inuusiry ui i etn i-I the mass of people to the distress ana
, , , .... . l - j - - -- i u r.ni inn v H. iuicikd ciMlfiiVi
inese views iro uuctij - " ha ovusiu and coaitwka shins. Can I i . t.- i .i .
wim moss oi me Kram givc-o i we anoru to ignore tne example ana cott, hundreds of biff newspapers are
Inland Empire. They have made re- j experience ef other ports? Are there I claimoring for war; some loudlv and
peated and peremptory demands upon peculiar conditions here that will Justi- j boldly, others by specious and false a r-
ino iuca vuiumiaBiuii aim uiuv, ,y u , aoing sor unless mere are. i gunients that we have no other alterna-
iniercBuf in i vrLiaiiu ivr i i ri ft n i o snena money in aeveioyiDK our
and have given as their ultimatum that I municipal dock system is real economy.
unless Portland meets tneir aemanaa i and to withhold it is gross extrava
gance."
Bulk wheat elevators are an imme
diate and pressing necessity. An ex
tension of our dock system must come
Colonel Hofer Thinks Creait aomu
Be Extended te Homeeeker.
SALEM. Or.. Feb. 23. (To the Edi
tor.) The Legislature has adjourned
and there will be a time for taking
breath and counting cost. It does not
appear that the Legislature has struck
any blows at the permanent prosperity
of the state and for this let all personal
for practically all of their wheat will
go to market through the ports of
Puget Bound.
. Vancouver, B. C, fully alive to the
situation, has already built a bulk ele
vator with a capacity of 1.250,000 bush
els, and Seattle has built one with a
capacity of 1.000.000 bushels. Mr.
Chapman also asks, "Ought we to per
mit ourselves to be stampeded again
bv municinal enthusiasts into the is
suance of bonds for municipal docks?"
live, and still others hope to create the
proper publie sentiment favorable to
bv spreading falsehoods In the
forra of news items. Crafty writers in
the National capital send broadcast
through hundreds of newspapers, their
literary poison, hoping to spread the
preaching repentance to the Democrats
before the party la burled in a drunk
ard's grave. Mr. Baker, the National
head of the Anti-Saloon League, is
telling us "tha any party that is un
willing to put a prohibition plank in
its platform or any candidate that is ,'
unwilling to stand square on such, a '
plank is unworthy the support of,
patriotic American citizens."
If these old parties wish to be en
trusted with the enforcement of pro- .
hibitioni laws they should, at least,
right about face on the liquor question
and show some sign of reform: and
unless they do they have no right to
ask or expect the votes of these 400
majority bone-dry voters.
But let its presume that each of
them do actically adopt prohibition and
then put up a ttefcet an that platform.
making three prohibition parties in our.'
next state election. "Would that make
prohibition go forward? I say not.
You say: "Prohibition must go for
ward or backward." 1 say so, too. But .
if every party in the United States at
the present time should dcclaro for
prohibition it would not advance the
cause. Why? Simply because tlio
liquor Interests would immediately or-,
ganize and introduce a whisky party, ,
and elect its ticket from top to bot
tom. Our bone-dry law -would not bo
worth the clerk's time to record it.
The American Brewers' Review stated
great truth when it said; "For tho
brewer there can be, from now one.
only two parties, viz.: prohibition and,
anti-prehlbition."
On this basic principle the liquor
question will ,be fought to a finish, and
on it proniDition will go rorwara to
glorious final victory through a union "
of its undoubted friends in a great
Prohibition party or it will go back
ward through a union of its enemies
n an anti-prohibition party.
I appeal to all friends of prohibition' '
to prepare for the battle. It's coming.
K. W. DUUKlili.
in the near future. Our skyscrapers I fever of war in the arteries of the Na-
minister morn to our priae man our i tion.
prosperity. We have a surplus of
homes and office rooms and a deficit
of industrial plants. We cannot build
up the port by simply selling town
lots and collecting rents and Interest.
The rent and Interest collectors them-
And further says: "A bond issue to sub- I 8elves will suffer by it in the end. They
sidize ocean shiDning lines is worth I can never secure adequate returns on
far more than bonding to provide docks their investments, or keep up with the
for ships that don't come. Get the I tax collector, by decrying public enter-
ships to come and private capital Willi prises that are absolutely vital to the I w It b. them.
Like in the beginning of the war, we
are again reading in the press, stories
of Indignities hoaped upon American
men and especially upon American
women at present in Germany. Our
flag is being insulted and our official
representatives are being treated with
contempt and insolence, no we are told:
but the people remain calm In spite of
these tales. These are now old stories
build the docks." But will they? I growth and prosperity of the port, and
Where is there a waterfront owner I without which there can be neither in-
who will erect an adequate dock, with I dividual or community advance and
all the modern appliances now oeieng I development.
demanded by the shipping trade? rno
very fact that private owners cannot
get sufficient revenue from the docks
fni
Such citizens as are not anogetner
given up to sentimentism. emotionalism
and billysundayism should be willing
o do a little thinking on how reany to
develop Oregon for the next rive years.
Wo havo four years of " the Wilson
ruled lor mat purpose, sura Adminiatration ahead of us. with all Its
udgment dL"!6"1 PU" aUenSanl "po "siUlitics and uncertain-
wint we reallv require Tor tne at-
velopment of Oregon is a large numoer
i-i f lahorinir oeonle. tve nave a ur
plus of the highly educated and pro
fessional class wno win not wur
primary production and about all we
have done for the past ten years is to
advertise to bring to this state more
of that semi-leisure class who want
soft-handed Jobs.
Primary production of wealth means
abundance of common labor, poor peo
ple where the whole family will work
to raise crops jrom mo- son, aig wemm
out of the mines, cut down the forests
and ply the rivers for their fisheries.
vmiH thpsn four forms or weaitn to
be taken from mother earth by h(rd
labor the manufacturer, the carrier, the
banker and the merchant only handle
over and over the wealth that labor
riroduces.
So to Increase tne prosperity oi ure-
eon we need more real proauction
more tiroducers and less professionals
and parasites, and less money spent on
the latter class and more on tne tor
mer. Common labor does not mean
skilled labor working eight hours at
from $3 to 10 a day. This latter class
of labor will not clear land, cut timber,
dig ditches, plant spuds, handle sugar
beets, although it aoes araw seines
and work the mines.
The cities will continue to rill witn
neoDle ana tne laoor organizers win
President Wilson has strained at the .,V,"T ,V", v,. miH.n
J ,.ll,.,j TU I Juv., .
to warrant the enormous expenditure
is what has compelled municipal own
ership in every leading port in the
world. Presumably the reference to
"municipal dock enthusiasts" means
Messrs. Ben Selling. John H, Burgard
F. C. Knaon. A. H. Averill and the
writer. The first four named repre
ent enormous Interests In the city of
Portland. They pay yearly many thou
sands of dollars. If they do awaken
and attempt to "stampede" the "sleep-
ng beauty" it will not be from selfish
or ulterior motives in taxes. Their po
sitions as members of the Commission
came to them unsought. Their serv
ces are rendered without compensa
tion. The Commission regularly meets
twice each month, and as many as a
dozen meetings have been held In i
single month. Are these men interest
ed in the prosperity of the port? With
seven years' experience have they
learned anything about the needs
of the port? Do they know any
thing of the experience, along this line,
of the great ports of the world and
WHITER
OIIARLES B. MOORKS.
SOCIALISM
DEFENDS
The teller of tales has lied too often
and the American public is surfeited
with deceptive headlines. The people
simply smile and pursue their every
day affairs serenely. The virus of lies
has been injected into their minds too
often and now they are immune.
But these newspapers and the cunning
British propagandists continue their
treacherous work, honing against hope
that their efforts will finally strike a
But it is useless. If
gnat of our theoretical right, the camel
of our practical inability. He is now
contemplating deliberate action for the
protection of Americans at sea. Too
late was the fatal quality of the As-
quith regime and it is also the fatal
quality of the Wilson foreign policies.
In such a crisis one wants to shoot
from the hip. Too much deliberation
is very apt to cost one's life.
P. S. WHITCOMB.
TRAP FISHERMAN "WRITES.
of
Defects Found In Other Methods
, Catching Salmon in Oregon.
CATHLAMET, Wash., Feb. 12. (To
the Editor.) Having read the same old
story I thought to pen a few lines In
regard to this old-fashioned fish-story
of the never-to-be-forgotten grand and
glorious Columbia River.
Being an old pioneer who arrived on
this Coast in the Spring of 1873. I re
member some things about the catch-
ng of ealmon "on the Columbia River,
and I think that I have just as much
idea about the habits of salmon as
Professor David Jordan, of the great
Institution of California. He is a col
lege man; I am a fisherman. He has
learned theory; I have learned practice.
and experience i3 the only factor, and
by experience we can learn ana be wise.
If. on the other hand, they may Judge
and base their judgment on the facts
that they know the habits and life of
the salmon family they shouia first
clothe themselves in seal skins and
have the Creator endow them with a
pair of lungs that would equally guard
themselves sufficiently either to live
will increase his toll for gov
ernintr the people. But as the first
essential of prosperity is the produc
tion of primary wealth, so the first
duty of the state is to place the' peo
ple who will work on the lands. The
mines, forests ana risneries are proo-
ablv nrettv well managed by the in
terests that control them, dui mis state
still has enormous possibilities in its
uncultivated lands.
But how can the state place people
on the lands and enaDie mem to stay
there? It seems we are getting the
cart before the horse with our state
and Federal rural loans those plans
will go largely to people who already
own improved lands and will take up
higher-priced loans made by owners of
capital already lnvestea in our state.
I believe the rural loan snouia De con
fined to helping families who own no
highly improved land, but who are
willing to go upon land and make it
productive and become taxpayers.
So I believe it is me primary auty
of the state to use all Us powers to
get people to come to Oregon and go
upon the land is not yet under culti
vation and enable them to make im
provements and not tax them to death
until they can get a foothold. I would
counteract the tendency to speculation
in land values and the monopolisation
of land by using every department of
the state government to bring families
to Oregon, or even single men or wom
en, who will become bona fide perma
nent residents and producers and tax
payers.
It was published yesterday that 90,
000 more Is required to classify and
seggregate the Oregon & California
land grant lands before they will be
If the money
will not be the deliberate decision of
the people, but the bold, adroit strata
gem of officialdom.
Doctrine la Declared to' Be Applied
Chrlatlamlty and Net ( Hell.
PORTLAND. Feb. 24. (To the Ed- responsive chord
itor.) Ignorance and prejudice constl- America enters the European w-ar. it
tute the wall against which progress
is beating. As often as it succeeds In
making an opening in this wall and al-I lt WOUd be absurd and ridiculous to
lows .the - light of truth to shine I say that patriotism in America Is dead
through, as often one of the many who I It is not even slumbering. It is awake,
prefer darkness Is ready to mend the I alert and ready to manifest Itself when
wall and shut the llht out. However. I reason. Justice, honor and fair-play de-
the wall has been piercod in so many mand it. But the patriotism of this
places that their patching wilt not country refuses to rouse Itself over the
avail much longer. quarrels of others in distant lands. The
The correspondent In The Oregonian 1 American people see with Clear vision
who asserted that socialism is from I the masses of Europe locked in a life-
hell does not know whereof he spet.ks. I and-death struggle, end knowing from
Socialism is applied Chrstlanity and no their own grim experiences or tne past.
nno can ha a lriia Christian and relect I the blind hate and lury engenoareu 111
the principles of socialism. The first I such a conflict, they refuse to join
socialist of whose existence we have I either side.
common knowledge was Christ. I Inasmuch as the peoples or tne woria
The hizher the oualitv of individual I are to a srreat iiegreo lnieraepenaeni,
Int.lli.nn. IK. c.al.p reannntil. It ia InavitfLhlA that in a Conflict Of SO
of the methods and the causes u!iat .,.,, . k., i.iii.i,,ui hi. f.iim.. I mivhtv nronortions a.s that which
have contributed to the growth and nien the greater the accountability of I now raging in Europe.-tho Innocent by
prosperity of those ports? Do their his 6oul or self-consciousness. To I Btander cannot escape unscathed. Dur-
mnitiMza bla hraln. that la. use his line- our own (treat Civil War, Europe
mind for the purpose of subjugating I in turn suffered Intensely because of the
hi fallow man In order to aatist'v I interruDtion of the peace of the world
greed in the attainment of wealth,! The American people understand this.
imwer and vain selfish ambition Is aross I Thev know that Germany wants no
misuse of his Intelligence and sets lu quarrel with them, and they realixe
motion forces in tho universe which, that in searching their minds and an-
if he persists, will sooner or later de- praising their emotions they fail to
alrnv him. This la what r&nltal is do- find that feeling of bitterness, hatred
lng In depriving labor of its earnings. I and enmity which must bo the basis or
Socialism disclaims the right of any I all wars.
individual so to use his fellow man. It I It is because of this that the cabal or
maintain that -necassitv of Koualitv for treat newspapers senator btone saia
mankind. All need enough of physl-I exlstea in mis country seemng io rm
cal labor to exercise the body in order I ate sentiment and coerce the Govern-
to keep it in a healthy condition. As itlment of the United States into an sui
ts half of humanity has to do the other tuae or nostiiity, is meeting its ian-
roiiow'H aa wall aa hia own exercise In lure everywhere except in the small
order to get enough sustenance to be circles where partisanship for England
able to exercise some more. Incidental- I is proclaimed as loyally to the United
It his exercise is productive and he pro- States. . FKfc-Dt.ltlci. UKOin.Miiti,
duces for the other fellow. The other
fellow takes his exercise in the gym
nasium on on the golf ground; useless
abor, for its effect on production is nil.
But there are also needs of the soul,
critics reflect that our municipal dock
system was initiated when everything
in Portland was running under nign
pressure, when Juries wei penalizing
the Dock Commission J60.000 in a single
deal, for resisting, by condemnation
proceedings, exorbitant prices demand
ed for real estate needed for public
docks? Do they know that the Com
mission was receiving the most prom
ising overtures from .V. It. Grace &
Co.. the Hamburg-American line, the
Royal Mail, the Japanese Matsul Co. I
and others when the outbreak of the
uropean war demoralized the ship
ping of the port? Do they realize
what will happen to Portland at tho
close of the war In competition wltu
Los Angeles. San Francisco, Seattle
and Vancouver if she ignores the gos
pel of "preparedness ?
The suggestions or Sir. crnapman.
who usually writes so understandingly
and so well, are disheartening. What
better criterion, or suggestion, can
Portland have for future action than
HARD FIGHT AHEAD OF DRYS
the methods aaoptea y ail tne great f wh)ch no man has a right to deprive
eaports of the world? Because tne U, ii ,an tha leisura and nnnor-
Aimignty nas given us. tne niuenu tuntty to acquire knowledge and de
Columbia and a downgrade from the 1 . minrf TtiiM la onimllv 1 m nor,
Inland Empire, and Congress has given tant wlth tno feeUlng cf the body. The
U5.000.000 for deepening the bar to 40 home must hoid tnis opportunity; it is
met. biiu ii . , ; I not gotten in charitable institutions or
t.vuu.vuw lur m "" "i through libraries and aquariums; these
feet from Portland to the sea, are we I hl.t nlH.hi. ,,htiin. th. nit.
exempt from the duty of rurnisning ,- to uxun a cmwlnr enn-
the nort utilities that all great ports .., . t, D i.
provide? "Get the ships to come and I ta, tna't the homa haa been and is de-1 pleasing to the prohibitionists as it i:
Drivate canital will build the docks. I i .,. Mnitun. ,hinv, ,m I dfconcerltn to tne antis. Ana again
After they come, or when? Was it in I ,.,. lt tr 0rfar inspiration and I "There is no Inconsiderable number of
pursuance of that method that Liver- i growth I people who mink me state is going
pool spent her 125.000,000 in dock and socialism condemns the Insidious I rather t,oo fast with prohibition." In
narDor improvem
her $100,000,000, -
90, 000,000? If that
fective. whv did A
000.000 In riverside auavs and 123.- I .,.i,.i.. .f,v,t i,. ,.. I voted bone dry. That is too much for
Problems of Enforcement Are Yet to
Be Solved, Says Writer.
NEWPORT. Or.. Feb. 12. (To the
Editor.) I noticed with pleasure you
editorial under headline "More Prohl
bltlon.- Please accept a few lines from
a new subscriber along that line of
thought.
You say: "The alacrity with which
the State Legislature has enacted the
so-called bone-dry bill is no doubt a
ents. or araours robblng of the home and the gifts otl1, ou nav" 1 "
or Manchester her ,.bnr.. w .rnnrI to thosa robbed, act truth. The most notorious whisk
t method were ef- 'accompanied by the blare of trumpets. Journal In the United titatea. Mida
ntwerp spend 122.- I u1H.m nu ... .nit.i I Criterion, recently said: Oregon ha
e quays and $23.-I wa k.n. without tha need of force. I voted bor.
Oregon, lt will be too much for any
commonwealth." How nicely these an
tia are dovetailed together.
As for us prohibitionists, we are
nearly standing on our heads about th
enactment of our hone-dry law, we are
000.000 on her public docks, and why WOUd educate them to the knowledge
cna Lonaon spena oo.uuu.uu on n c, thelrresponsibllity to their breth
riverside quays and 1J0.000 on ner ren As ha, been truly said, however,
public docks and only il.iuo.uuu on ner ..Jt u asier for a camel to go through
river channel? The harbor iront in a neeaie' eye than for a rich man to
New Orleans Is all public property. Up I ... h.av.n ." Trt. iha rich man. nnt.
to 1ft vrari asro this was leased for ...ci. i ..nu.. v, i. I SO pleased.
dock purposes to private parties, but richeS are real and heaven but an in- ur tbief Joy rests in the fact tha
the system was so unsatisractory mat tangible theory .and he prefers to leave lne ,aw ls exactly wnai wb pmuiui
the port took control, and $25,000,000 hlll .niritUai senses asleep and unused tionlsta have been pleading for pray
haTii.n recentlv authorized for new I ,i .i . ,.,v, ki. mi I In? for. laboring for for more than 4
dock and harbor improvements. In I ,..,, ma of thnaa who understand years. Another thing that delights
r.nfnmi. .iti.a th. atnta owns thi .i... 1. 1 j .u.lme In articular Is the fact that tn
........... ... - - - - in.. iniH is ma -it.-i.. o ,1U1U i ud - .--
h.rhnr front and in 190a Los Ansrelesli. . n .,!. ,.i.i.. ... very men ttnai is. uemocrais ana no
went to ssan rearo, nmeu iruiu "" ditlons. These may be actuated by I i'"y'" --
es. Some may be I nl u" uur,n "ll u j...
in H s p w.t.i. .-if nhnVA Than thav stnl1
hiin. ik. vn,,ng ,.im'nii f,v. h.n th,. real f or the settler.
are liberated from the hatcheries and "ul" up .."" " -k"'
mak. th.tr wava tn tha nn.an to f I on legislation, litigation, surveying,
and grow till they are mature. Then classifying and officializing these 3.-
they will return to their native grounds 000,000 acres of land, it would be found
from where they were hatched. Like sufficient to build homes for 50,000
chickens, thev will come back. families who might now be living on
How to deal with this quest-ion has the lands and making crops, educating
been a dispute that has puzzled legis- children and helping to support and
lators and lawmakers. Unfortunately, enrich the higher grades of parasites
we are spanned together, Oregon on who are so numerous in our state, and
one aide anil our trreat state of Wnah- who grow rich off the processes above
ington on the other side of the great enumerated processes that only bur-
and mighty Columbia, Laws for -the den and entangle the lands and the
protection of the salmon industry have rest of the people whether they are
been threshed out through committees landless or land owners,
on fish questions from both states every In a recent so-called commonwealth
two or four years by the Legislatures publication, gotten out by officeholders
and new bills have been Introduced In and non-toilers, the statement is made
the House and Senate both of Salem by a high-salaried Btate official that
and Oiympia on how to protect this there are already too many working
industry and to make it profitable for people in Oregon to be employed at
all parties involved. even an eight-hour day, and the doubt
The means of catching salmon are by Is officially expressed that even under
wheels, traps, seines and gill-nets. I am a six-hour day not, all now here could
In the trap business now, but fished find employment, Thia kind of eai-
business center, to make a harbor, and! -i,if.i'(iif.rant motives
obligated herself to spend $10.0p0.000 as ,eish j yieir motives as are the
within 10 years on dock and harbor men whom they would chastise. Others
improvements. San Francisco owns may bft inspired by the needs of hu-
eight miles of public waterfront and U manlty and ask nothing for themselves,
spending many millions In dock and Each, however, ls responsible for his
other harbor improvements. Seattle
phas nearly five times as much publir- . Tho Great Intelligence has devious
waterrront as we nave, ana nas npcm ways of working out its design and
$6,000,000 on her dock and warehouse wno Bnall say that the anarchist shall
and bulk elevator system. Little van- , be the tool wtt, whioh retributive
couver. with a population or oniy justice shall be accomplished.
about 100,000, where all the waterfront I MRU. M. A. A LB IN".
is public property, has spent ana au
thorized nearly $10,000,000 in her docks.
elevator and belt line railway system. SH1p TONNAGE IS NEEDED, TOO
a single concrete coca navms cu
$2,000,000. Like ail me g rea. Po" Mr. chllcott Vrgee Actio. Bill to
tne woria. niry as c w. ...... ... .
the advent ofthe private dock owner,
but are anticipating and keeping ahead
663 East Forty-sixth street North.
Eaeonrage Building.
PORTLAND. Feb. . 10. (To the Edi
ct the demands of the shipping trade, tor.) Your article under the heading
Nothine would better please our of "Improve Port Facilities" xnursaay
great rival on Puget, Sound than for I ls exceedingly well presented so far
Portland to abandon the further de- I as it goes, and covers every point at
vMnnment at her public dock system. I issue with one single exception, "the
The best shipping authorities have lack of means to carry cargo beyond
hie-hlv commended the charaoter of I the seas.'
rnnitructlon of our local public docks! Invariably. In discussing the neces-
and declared their modern appliances slty or increasing me commerce ot tne
and equipment to be beyond criticism, port, this one feature, the ownership
but one of the largest exporters of the of tonnage. Is not dwelt upon. I have
Northwest, operating from Seattle, watched the development of every
t.raeiv exnressed the situation In say- I maritime port in the world, and coin
ing: "Your private docks cannot pror- i cident wltn tne same me construction,
itahlv meet modern demands; your I of vessels has been Indulged in. Your
nuhliit docks and nort utilities are in-1 snace would not permit of me to In-
adeauate: three or four of their great Idulge in a lengthy article as to the
ocean steamers, with others In port! why and wherefore of my assertions.
desiring both to discharge and to as-1 but. knowing the characteristics or
semble a new cargo, would cause nope-I Portland s people ana witn a view to
i.sg congestion. You are unprepared to I ward overcoming their shortcomings in
meet the requirements of a great port." I this direction, I. a couple of years ago,
last learned the correctness of ou
principles and have enacted the very
same bone-dry law that we have been
pleading and praying and laooring ior,
and yet we want "more prohibition
We are delighted with the law, bu
that alone is not prohibition. We wan
administration and enforcement of the
law to make It complete.
lr concluding your editorial you said
"Prohibition must go forward or back
ward." Correct again. We want this
4000 bone-dry majority to be consls
tent and fair and join a Prohibition
party as an enforcing agent to act fo
the people; in other words, to hold in
check these antis who might be in
fluenced by such as Mida's Criterion, to
nullify and violate our good law.
You have also said: "Until a great
preponderance of public sentiment is
in harmony with prohibition an tne en
forcement pledges of party candidates
and party platforms will be or n
avail." That a great preponderance o
publio sentiment ls In favor of prohl
biticm in Oregon cannot be denied. An
you said again: "When publio sent!
met ls in harmony with prohibition, it
will be enforced without party
pledges.
But our big National parties are
already pledged by party platforms
that they will not enforce prohibition
laws.
Aud further, they sre pledged to pro
tect the liquor traffic against prohibi
tion and they have been so pledged
more than 40 years and their pledges
have been faithfuly kept. There Is
now much talk about their repentance.
Air, Bryan id put en a four-year stunt
B A HZ EE'S IDEA IS KIUU ILtll
Frateralty Nation Adtaired by Write ' '
Kot Noued, Is View,
SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 12. (To tho
Editor.) I was somewhat amused and. .
very much pleased with your leader on.
'Patriotism." It was both apt and per- -
nent and therein you iaked Barzee .
whirh hv thA wav if u-. mnv -iiiilfr. h
li Ls inane, and verbose newspaper utter
ances, should bo spelled "Bazoo," whicla
both substantively and verbally would. '
be very apropos "both fore and atti
from maintop to keelson, above aud bc
iu- mo nairr jiue. in x roveros, rnait. .
er 26. verso 5, we are admonished.
Answer not a fool according to his --"
ioii. jest iiiou no uaenea unto mm.
and in the next verse, "Answer a fool - "
according to his folly lest he bo wise)
n hia own conceit. " You wisely chose -
the second horn of the dilemma.
Your citation from Dr. Samuel John
son ana your comments tnereupon were)
pat and to the point: Dr. Johnson's su
preme vanity and overmastering desira
IV nilULK 11 1119 111 rv riiii ut-
ponents often led him to "talk through,
his hat." This was one of his foibles.
That patriotism not- chauvinism is
one or tne noniest. most altruistic ana
unselfish of all human sentiments -ij
obvious, and may God have mercy uport
a human biped who has not inherited
or cultivated that universal passion.
Has Barzee, I wonder, ever read "A
Man Without a Country" or Scott's in-
0411 1 niiuuai aim kluiiiik lilltrs:
'Breathes there a man with soul so
dead," etc.? If not, ho should do so in
stanter.
The fallacy of Barzee's "fraternity"
cult and howl was evidenced by tho so
cial democrats In August, 1914. et seq.;
notwithstanding their outspoken pro
tests against militarism and their as
surances to thir French brothers ('.'
when the tocsin of war was sounded!
In Berlin they flocked to the colors by
hundreds of thousands, millions, in
deed, as so many sheer. How will Bar
see et al. explain this? What of tha "
patriots of our beloved country in 1776-
83. 1SS1-5?
Again, may God forglvo and help. If
ne can, an "sicn wno aei-ry genuine
patriotism, ls the sincere prayer of aa
old soldier of the Civil V ar and an ar-.
dent lover of my country.
S. T. ADAMS.
KIND OF WOMEN MKN CHERISH
Writer Comments ui Chango la AtllH
f uiln af Men-
PORTLAND. Feb. 10. (To the Edi
tor.) I quote verbatim a remark I
chanced to overhear last night lit a
crowded streetcar. Many women wr
standing; many men were seated. The -remark
was this: "If they want to !
men and wear pants, let 'em stand. '
d n 'em."
You may say that this was tho' !
casual remark of some male cynic. Ou .
thA Alh.r h:,nH T a i ...... .4 1 1. t it-
was nothing of the kind. It was sim
ply an outspoken expression Indicating
the change in the attitude of modern
men towards women in srencral.
I was brought up to respt-ct. almost
to reverence, all women. Yet I find it
difilcult to reverence a woman Con
gressman or a bunch of lobbyists Eucli
as now is before the Lecriitlat n i-a of thi.
state seeking to have a law enacted
prohibiting grown men from smokinc
cigarettes. I fondly cherish the old
fashioned Ideal a sweet-faced woman..
caring for her home and raising her.
sons to be statesmen, soldiers or any
other kind of useful citizens, and hei .
daughters to be real housekeepers and
good wives and mothers.
f 1 ...... .n.i.l .. .1 AnAnAMlAal
lems are involved in this changed rela- .
tion between the sexes. For lack oCj
space they cannot be discussed here.
SUBSCRIBER.
combination; policies w mitt ex
Sams Cannaalea Include I.lfc. Aeelriesf. .
lira 1 1 n aaa r.naonmrni.
PORTLAND, Feb. 10. (To the Edi
tor.) In The Oregonian January "S
appears an Inquiry to the editor, signed .
by C. A. Williams, reading aa follows:
."Is there any sound insurance com
pany that will write a combination
life, accident, health and endowment
nnlipv. similar tn tha nlan ailnnted bv
the railroads, that is within the reacts
of a laboring man?"
Your reply reads as follows:
"So far as can be determined none
of the life insurance companies write
a combination of which you speak. Yoa
can get an endowment policy from a,
life company and an accident and
health from another enmoanv."
- 1 enclose you some literature of our
company showing that we do write
combination life, accident and health
policies, and a few other companies
do, also. We do not write lt "similar
to the plan adopted by the railroads." .
but answering the last sentence of your -
rpntv to th. (nnnirpr. wnnM atnt. t h a f
we do. 11. H. WARD.
Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co,
Cltlsensblp Defined In Sentence-.
VANCOUVER. Wash., Feb. 10. (To
the Editor.) A letter by Stephen A.
Lowell, which appeared In The Ore
gonian Thursday is both timely and
concise. He writes. "Partisanship must
sink now beneath Americanism."
His short sentence defined American
citizenship as thoroughly as could a
volume, written on the subject. Fur
ther. Mr. Lowell writes. "It's time that
a republic was born at Berlin." Hero
again is sentiment to which every
American should give hearty endorse
ment. Despite conditions which exist
today, we of the United States have the .
most friendly feeling for the people of
Germany, and would most gladly see
her freed from a ruling caste, which
is surely going to drive her, as a si.
tion. to absolute destruction.
.. , . , , , J. A1AER0LD,