8
THE SUNDAY OICEGOXIAX. PORTLAND, DECEMBER
3, 1916.
OF FOREST LURKS IN BUILDING OF WOODEN SHIPS
Huge Timbers Are Shaped Adroitly by Accurate Handling of Simple Tools Furnishing of Knees for Re-enforcement of Hull Proves to Be Industry in Itself.
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IN THE building of wooden vessels,
Portland and other cities of the Pa
cific Coast have returned to an in
dustry that the New England forefath
ers early turned their hand to. but
which has been a dead industry locally
for years, despite the abundance of raw
material all along the Columbia River.
In the building of steel ships, the
processes of shaping and punching the
rolled steel are lengthy and tedious.
For the construction of wooden vessels
a double band saw. a ship adze and an
auger seem to be the principal tools
necessary.
At any of the several shipbuilding
plants along the Columbia River where
wooden vessels are being turned out
at the rate of one per set of ways every
Jour months, the steady hammering of
the calker. the rat-tat-tat of the pneu
matic hammer driving bolts, and the
confusion of sounds from a dozen or
more adzes as they bite healthy chips
from the fast-shaping timber, are all
characteristic sounds.
"W'orlc "With Timber Pleasing.
Then there is the smell of timber
freshly cut. reminding one of Impen
etrable forests and logging camps
where disease rarely stalks and where
three "squares," eight hours of health
ful work and a few-hours of recreation
In the evening make up the day's ac
tivity. Besides the odor of fir there Is a
emell of oakum that comes from where
the calkers are busy. Steel shipbuild
ing may awe with the immensity of Its
involved labor, but real romance sug
gests itself where wooden vessels are
under construction.
You have all been to the docks and
smelled that odor of oakum and salt
water that a wooden vessel alone ex
udes the odor of an open sea and the
ports of the entire world. That is the
odor that emanates from a plant where
wooden ships alone are under con
struction. In the yards of the Penin.ula Ship
building Company, one of the many
lumber companies that are building
wooden vessels, is seen the evolution
of the wooden ship. Strung around the
yards are timbers of all sizes fresh
from the mill A boom of logs in the
river is waiting to be hauled up the
logway, laid hold of by "niggers" and
roughly shaped by circular saws.
Bio; Timbers Used In Keel.
The largest of tne tlmDers seen
about the yards are used for the keel
of the ship. They range from 100
feet to 106 feet in length and are 20
Inches by 2t Inches, breadth and thick
ness. One of these timbers, about which
the rest of the ship is built, weighs
approximately rour tons.
The timbers for the skeleton of the
ehip are cut Into the proper circular
shape with a double-band saw. These
timbers are much smaller, although of
extraordinary tensile and compressive
strength.
A few of the timbers that cannot be
easily shaped with mechanical means
are set upon by a band of busy and ef
ficient men, brawny-armed and true
of aim, and the timber is soon cut into
Its proper size and shaped with a score
of adzes with blades of unusual sharp
ness. The wielding of an adze is an
art in Itself.
Ship No. 1 at the yards of the Penin
sula Shipbuilding Company is well un
der way, the second ship is being rap
idly framed and workmen are prepar
ing to erect a set of wa-ys to receive
the third ship. The ships are all the
same size: 2S5 feet over all. 225 feet
keel, 43 feet beam and 19 feet depth
of hold.
Auxiliary Schooners In Building;.
The first two shins that are now un
der way are classified as auxiliary
schooners. They are of Class A con
struction, have a groBs tonnage of 1600
tons and a net tonnage of 300 tons less,
a dead weight tonnage of 2600 tons
and a cubic capacity of 123,489 feet.
They have a draught of 20 feet.
Their equipment will consist of one
auxiliary boiler, with a working pres
sure of ISO pounds, a heating surface
of 1100 feet, one furnace, one donkey
boiler, four steam winches, one steam
windlass, one steam capstan, and will
be electrically lighted.
In one of the ships now under con
struction, there are approximately
1.100,000 board feet of timber, with
& valuation-of $25,000. The timbers are
tree nailed with wedges on both ends
and also spiked. All metal below the
water line used to re-inforce the ves
sel's timbers are galvanized to protect
them against rust, from salt water. In
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one ship it Is estimated that 10 tons of
galvanized spikes and 40.000 tree nails
are used.
Steam Donkeys Handle Timbers.
All the timbers about the yards are
handled with steam donkeys and
cables. A revolving crane placed be
tween the two ships being built dis
tributes timber and other material to
whatever part of the ship it is needed.
One of the most interesting of the
features of wooden shipbuilding is the
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appearance of hundreds of "knees" In
the ship's Interior. The knees are
used for re-enforcement of timbers and
to keep the timbers from becoming
weak when the vessel bucks a heavy
sea. The knees are made from the
roots and part of the butts of big firs.
The furnishing of knees for ship
building plants is an Industry In Itself
that has claimed the attention of a
number of energetic men and rewards i per pair of .ways every four months,
them with a good remuneration. One j That means nine ships a year of the
hundred and fifty "hanging" knees are I size now being built. The Peninsula
used In one ship. It Is apparent what
industry is involved -in getting enough
knees to supply one shipyard.
It Is estimated that when the yard
of the Peninsula Shipbuilding Company
Is in full sway and all their ways up
they will have a capacity of one ship
Shipbuilding Company is only one of
the many along the Columbia River
that Is building wooden ships.
The two ships being built will sell
for approximately $250,000 each. Tet In
that ship Is but little more than 1,000,
000 feet of timber.
WOMAN PUTS CAREER BEFORE
LOVE AND FAILS IN SUCCESS
Artist Refuses to Give Up Her Work for Home and Rejects Man She Loves
to Climb Ladder of Fame.
BY MARY INEZ MARTIN.
THIS Is the story of a success that
failed a great success that was a
great failure, and heaven only
knows how many successes there are
that leave the bitterness of ashesl Then
comes the burning question,. "What is
wrong? But the answer' lies too deep
to be applied to the present-day prob
lem: back, back to the primal scheme
of things lies the answer, so the cry
must go on unanswered to the end.
Again the woman was the cause and
again the woman reaped the bitter results-
Th man and woman sat un
der the towerh:s pines as the day de
clined. Then the man threw his cap
at the woman's feet. "Mary, I love
you," be said, "wil you be my wife?"
Time out of mind the man has made
this demand upon the woman since
the days when he struck her in the
head and dragged her unconscious off
to his cave because he wanted her for
his own. and for no better reason than
that he wanted her he felt he was en
titled to own her.
The woman made no answer, so the
man went on: "I have not .spoken be
fore because I wanted to be able to
offer you the kind of home you ought
to have. I have worked hard, as you
know, and -won a fair measure of suc
cess. It is alj yours will you come?"
Looking the man squarely between
the eyes, the woman answered: "But
what of my own work?" The man sat
up and looked at the girl In surprise.
"Your work? "Why, I don't propose to
have you work any more. x want
you to be Just my wife."
Mary, being a woman, felt the primal
instinct of self-surrender surging in
upon her senses. It would be sweet to
fall into the arms of this strong- man
and say "Yes."This would be fulfilling
the destiny of woman-kind, keeping
the fires on the household altar aglow,
bearing children to become useful
links in the development of the scheme
of things, to go on in their turn ful
filling their destiny In the same way.
But the genius vf the woman sprang
up- in revolt against this blind follow
ing of instinct. The contrast between
the life this man offered her and her
own ideals arose sharply before her.
In calm, dispassionate tones she asked
him again, "But what of my own
work?" This time the man could not
answer.
"You have your own work." the girl
said In quiet, even tones, "the work
you love. You will go on with your
profession, broadening and growing
each year until you reach your goal. I
also have the work I love and In which
T, too, have won a fair measure of suc
cess. - If I marry you I must give It
all up and be your homemaker and
housekeeper, doing all the common,
disagreeable things I most dislike. In
marrying me you would give up noth
ing of your life. In marrying you 1 1 artist
would have to give up all that's best a helj
of mine. "Why should 1?"
Work Would Be Abandoned.
" TVhy should you?" The man sued
and protested. Me argued for the-nor-male
sphere of woman, the protected
life in the sacred confines of the home,
the Joys of parenthood and the duty of
following out the natural order oT
things.
The woman listened quietly, admit
ting the truth of all he said, until he
brought his argument back to the con
crete "Will you?" But again she asked
him, "Why should IV The man did
not listen so patiently to the woman
as she made her plea.
"I do love you," she. told him frank
ly; "you are very dear to me, but you
do not understand how Inseparable a,
part of me my work Is. I would be"
only half myself without this great
love for my work. In giving it up I
would lay down the best side of my
self. To be your wife and make you
a happy home,, with all the word Im
plies which you would expect of me
would mean to me the giving up the
very core and fiber of my life, the
glory of the world of form and color,
the Joy of working out my Inspira
tions, the winning of my recognition
in the field of art, and. greatest of all,
the knowledge that the work I do Is
good and that it is mine. Talent knows
no sex. The mere fact that I am a
woman does not demand from me the
surrender of my Individuality."'
The man turned his eyes, brimming
with love and the longing to take her
to his heart with that protecting care
the normal man accords the woman of
his choice, and the girl's troubled gray
eyes met his squarely. "Do you have
to cease to be a woman In becoming an
?' he pleaded. "Could we not be
p to each other?"
"Would you be willing to live In a
boarding-house until you are rich
enough to have a competent house
keeper?" she questioned. "Would you
be satisfied to start out together every
morning, you turning off at your of
fice and I to my studio, meeting again
in the evening at our boarding-house
steps or waiting for me while I util
ized the last fading rays of my north
light exposure? Home-making is" an
all-engrossing profession of itself and
a noble thing, but my art is as all-engrossing
to me and I know I could not
be both."
But even as she was speaking trying
to make him admit the fairness of her
plea for self-development, her hands
strayed down to the thick, short locks
beside her, and her fingers ached to
caress his forehead with the love she
could have poured out upon him.
Victory Won at Iaat In Art.
The man listened and realized her
earnestness. He had said all that was
in his heart and there was nothing
more to do. Banding low over her he
kissed her reverently upon the fore
head. "This is for goodbye, then?" he
asked huskily. The girl nodded
through her tears and watched the
light of love fade out of .her life with
the man's retreating figure.
The giant pines became black and
dark as soon as the sun dropped out of
sight, the air was chilly as the glow of
the soft Indian Summer day faded Into
a dull monotone ct grays. At length
gathering up her easel and camp stool
the girl walked slowly back to the
hotel alone.
But there .is no way of mere humans
circumventing the Inexorable scheme of
things. An exhibit of the work of not
able artists was recently given under
the direction of the directors of the
Metropolitan Art Museum to help the
Belgian orphans.
.A little knot of critics was gathered
around the work of an American wom
an who had spent years studying in the
studios of the masters In the old world.
A silence fell among them as a stately
woman swept toward them. Her poise
and the quiet strength of her counte
nance spoke of a hard, long struggle
for the place she had won and a splen
did victory. She was soon surrounded
by an eager group of admirers and
borne off in triumph, for the success
ful artist was the guest of honor of the
evening.
Woman Declared "Vindicated.
Irr-front of one of her smallest can
vases a man stood, lost In a. flood of
mempries. The picture was a simple
little study of giant pines catching
marvellous lights and shadows in the
glow of Uie sunset. And after having
made the tour of the gallery he came
again' and stood before the picture.
And again the artist herself passed,
and paused. She was the first to rec
ognize the man, and at her voice he
turned, their eyes meeting In a long,
searching gaze.
Without preliminaries, as In the old
days, he said: "Mary, your work Is
wonderful, you have vindicated the po
sition you took and won a great suc
cess. No one offers you more heartfelt
congratulation than I."
But here he was interrupted by a tug
at bis elbow and an Importunate little
person begged. "Do come along. Dad, I
am terribly tired of pictures."
"Hush, dear." the man turned to say,
"come and meet your father's old '
friend."
The bright little face smiled up into
the tired eyes of the woman as the
man continued: "I would be glad to
have you meet my wife. She could not
come with me tonight, we have very
recently lost our youngest child, the
baby, and she does not " here the
dust in the atmosphere, or something,
made him pause an instant. But
"Please come along. Daddy, dear." the
child coaxed and the man allowed him
self to be dragged away by the little
tyrant after - saying reverently: "God
bless you, Mary, you must be a very
proud and happy woman tonight."
Again (he eyes of the artist followed
the figure of the man in the tow of
the dancing child. Lines of care and
gray hairs told of a life of hard work
not crowned with as great a success as
had been hers. But through a mist that
arose between her eyes and the sunlit
study of giant pines she saw this man
who worked, not for the mere getting
of success, but for the growing needs
of the child at his side. And as she
watched this man whose heart had been
torn by great sorrows and enriched by
great joys, his last words still ringing
in her ears, she asked herself again the
question, "Why should I?"
Drain Plant Nearly Ready.
DRAIN. Or- Dec. 2. (Special.) The
city -has nearly completed the
new substation of the city electric
light plant. The old substation burned
some time ago. The transformers are
in place, but the new switch boards
have not yet arrived.