THE . SUXDAY OltEGOXIAX, POItTLAXD, AUGUST 20. 191C ove IF SO, NOBODY ELSES CHILD CAN EVER BE PALMED OFF AS YOUR OWN INFANT. OttX rvr LI iour 07 1 V::l MNP www II WVr?ii: V II il fir IP 4m at til' t iii'bii 71 tin young baby to distinguish 'it as be longing to a particular parent. Wealth and ancestry count for nothing. The Astar or Biddl baby Is much like the Murphy or Blg-g-ing baby when new born. "The handprint of a new baby, or prints of Its fingers, would excellently serve the purpose of identification. But the tiny fingers are very delicate mem bers; to unfold them and take ink im pressions of them is an awkward Job. necessarily causing: discomfort to the child. On the other hand, it is the easi est thins; in the world to pass an ink roller over the sole of the little foot and make a print of it. "The baby's handprint and footprint are substantially alike. The hand pat tern meaning- thereby the complex ar rangement of skin-ridgres that is con tinuous all over the palm is, in any individual human being-, reproduced in the foot. Nature does not bother to vary the ridgre-patterns materially in the four members. From a baby's point of view there is not much difference between hands and feet anyway. It will even use the latter for grasping-, as a monkey does. "With such a means of identification supplied in babyhood, there can never be any question of who's who in the case of a human individual. Baby Bunt ing has a footprint unlike any other in the world. Furthermore, his foot print retains its characteristics through life, unaltered save by in creased size and a coarsening of the lines. "To illustrate the value of such a record, suppose that Sir Roger Tich born had had a print made from the sole of his foot when an infant, and tjiat it had been preserved. The fraud ulent claimant to hla estates, who tried to usurp his identity, would have had no chance of success whatever. A print fronj the claimant's foot would have sufficed to throw his case out of court Immediately, and the huge expense of prolonged litigation would have been avoided. "The skin that covers your foot is like a shoe, the sole of which is made in a separate piece, of a different mate rial from the speaking, at all events, it is very dif ferent, being the only part of the body, except the palm, that is hairless, and having, like the latter, a ridge-pattern. Each ridge is a roof to cover a row of tiny conical elavations called 'papillae, every one of which contains the end of a little nerve. These are nerves of touch. Beneath the outer skin of your palms and foot-soles are hundreds of thousands of nerve-ends, and the ar rangement of their rows is marked by the ridges. "The influence of heredity expresses strongly in the ridge-arrangements whorls. loops, etc.) of the sole of the foot as, likewise, of the palm. Such SUFFRAGIST PORTRAYED AT SMITHSONIAN. WASHINGTON, X). C. The baby did not mind a bit. Being held in a comfortable position by its mother, it merely gurgrled gleefully while Mr. J. Herbert Taylor, chief of the Identification Division of the Navy Department, passed a roller over the sole of its little foot. Then the foot was pressed firmly upon a sheet of rmooth white letter-paper, and (the roller being covered with printing- ink) a perfect impression of it was made, "Isn't that remarkable." exclaimed the mother, examining the impression with keenest interest. "You may well say so, madam," re filled Mr. Taylor. "No other baby in all the world has a footprint just like it." The mother carried off the precious Bheet of paper in triumph. Whereupon Ir. Taylor, who is the Government's principal finger-print expert such prints being used for the identification of every enlisted man in the Navy aid: "Every mother ought to have a print of her baby's foot. There is no telling how or when It may be useful for Identification. Tou have heard. I dare cay, that the matter Js being seriously taken up. In one of the largest Chicago hospitals a regulation has recently been adopted requiring that every baby born in the institution shall have a print of its foot taken immediately af ter birth. "The idea, though so new, is already spreading, t is based, indeed, upon very obvious common sense, especially iwhere hospitals are concerned. 'A great many children are born In hospitals. In the great centers of pop ulation there are even 'lying-in' hospi tals, devoted wholly to the business of childbirth. Such establishments are a pod-send to the poor. But, as you are doubtless aware, it has within the last few years become the fashion for well-to-do women to go to a hospital when expecting confinement. They do so, isually under the advice of the family physician, because they can get better care, with more sanitary surroundings than the most luxurious home will af ford, and the best of nursing and medi cal attention. "Unfortunately, however, it has- hap pened in many an instance that babies boin under such circumstances have been mixed up. Mothers, through acci dental enors in distribution, have had the wrong infants dealt out to them. Mrs. Smith has been discharged from the hospital with the Jones' baby in her arms, and the Smith baby has been handed over to Mrs. Jones. Sometimes, doubtless, the mistakes have remained undiscovered; but there have been enough ascertained cases of the sort to persuade the Chicago hospital I have mentioned, to adopt the footprint sys tem. "You can see how easily such error might occur. In a great hospital a number of babies may be born on the same day. A separate ward is provided for them, to which they are removed immediately after birth. For some days thereafter it is advisable that they shall not be with their mothers most of the time; this, indeed, is part of the eystem. They are customarily -lumbered and tagged, but there are all eorts of opportunities for over-busy or careless nurses to mix them up. "A policeman in New Tork City told me that a while ago he had an emerg ency case where a poor woman gave birth to a chili in a patrol wagon on her way to a hospital. It was a hoy. Eu, when the mother was able to leave the hospital a. baby girl was fiven to her. Naturally she protested, but there was no way in which the mistake could be corrected. "You're lucky,' said the interne, 'that it isn't colored.' "In the absence of a reliable means of identification, the mother who goes to a hospital under such circumstances (as matters are ordinarily arranged) takes an appreciable chance of ex changing her baby for some other -woman's offspring. It is a danger the seriousness of which, from her point of view, can hardly be exaggerated. "Notwithstanding the Impression of A bas relief of Susan B. Anthony h as recently been placed on view at the the individual mother to the contrary. iA Smithsonian Institution in Wash ington. It was executed by Michel It is a fact that all very young infants Jacobs, a painter and sculptor o f note. A second copy of the work look much alike. At all events there is was presented to the National Associa tion for Woman Suffrage at its meet nothing about any particular very ins Ln, Washington last Winter, patterns, as with likenesses of feature, are handed down in families from gen eration to generation. Thus they af ford testimony of relationship, which may yet figure as evidence in courts of law. There was a recent case, in England, in which the shape of a boy's ears was held to prove his right to a name and estate. Quite possibly there will be similar decisions where proofs are supplied by foot or hand patterns. ' "Speaking of heredity, evidence has recently been obtained through a study of such patterns that bas a most im portant bearing upon the problem of the ancestry of the human race. It af fords what seems to me to be the most definite "and. valuable testimony ever recorded in behalf of the theory that the protruding "Hapsburg lip." or like red hair in the Biddle family. The tendency to produce male, or it may be female, offspring runs In cer tain families. Thus a marriage between a man and a woman whose families have been exceptionally affluent of boys, is likely to result in a high percentage of male births. It is, in fact, the only means as yet ascertained by which the sex of children can be Influenced in advance. An eminent Government scientist. Professor W. J. Splllman. has pone very deep into a study of the mathe matics of heredity. He says (and ap parently is able to prove) that two brothers may not be in the slightest degree related to each other, though born of the same parents, and likewise two sisters. A child may be no kin whatever to its own grandmother. Or it may happen that a man's niece is more closely related to him than his own daughter. DOES MEXICO HATE US? J Joo Zorn f of '3 . i'iiZe s. ui a uuiyem mute- recorded in Denair or tne tneory that r -r ,-z. upper.' Structurally- man is descended . from apes, or at all 7 & -rnOnZJJS UCt. 1 - t ' " ' f" r - s' ' . s ' ,-?' r 4 y v A it- - 4 fir s A ' - , ? i 4- t w t . " ' ' -I t - ' t s S " ' " I &v.f t 2'y , - ' 'i y '--J: 'S y- y .A i y.- . . -X , Jl ( -( " , ' 'ft i I ' y ' 'i events from ape-like animals. "At my request, a Voman finger print expert. Miss Gertrude M. Sullen der, made prints of the hands and feet of a number of apes and other monkeys in the New York Zoo. One of them was a gorilla, whose palm and sole patterns were found to differ in no important respect from those of human beings. The ridges closely correspond, and their arrangement likewise. "The gorilla is the highest of the apes meaning thereby that its like ness to the human species is nearest, in respect to anatomical structure. It is interesting to discover that its palm and sole prints- give a corresponding rank; and also (as shown by Miss Sul lender s ink-impressions) that other monkeys, as they descend in the scale of development, show patterns less and less like those of man. Another fact well worth noting in this connection is that man and the monkeys are the only animals existing today that pos sess such ridge-patterns. "A baby monkey or, for that mat ter, a monkey of any age could be identified by its footprint or hand print Just as surely as a human baby." To go back to the babies. Nobody knows why certain traits are, and oth ers are not, , transmitted from parents to offspring; and it is impossible to tell in advance which ones will be thus transmitted. But at this very time government scientists, the cleverest of them, are busy with the problem. Through the breeding of animals and plants they are . gaining knowledge which is expected eventually to be of use in solving puzzles of the kind that relate to human beings even the puz zle that has to do with the control of sex. Co-operating with them In this work is a so-called Station for Experimental Evolution, established by an endow ment from Mr. Carnegie, at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. i This is a scientific enterprise alto gether unique. On first glance at its interiors the main laboratory building might be mistaken for a zoological sup ply shop, inasmuch as the greater part of it is divided up into breeding rooms for the propagation of many kinds of animals. One room Is devoted to canar ies, and is made melodious by tae sing ing of hundreds of these birds, in cages. Another room contains a small but complete fish hatchery, also tanks for the study of shrimps, crabs and lob sters. A separate department is as signed to rabbits and guinea-pigs; an other is given up to insects of num erous species, which are being bred. There Is an annex exclusively for chickens and pigeons; goats and sheep are housed in a convenient out building and a dozen odd-looking pens of glass on the adjacent lawn are tenanted by promising' families of snails. All of this remarkable outfit is main tained for one object only the study of problems relating to heredity. According to the famous Gallon, ex pectation of inheritance, in the matter of traits or characteristics, follows simple rule of arithmetic Of the whole heritage of a baby (physical, mental and moral) its two parents contribute one-half. Thus you yourself received SO per cent of your makeup from your father and mother.' From your four grandparents you acquired an addi tional one-fourth; from your 16 great grandparents you get a supplementary eighth and the fractional balance was furnished by your more remote an cestors. This rule, however, works out only in a rough sort of way. It is merely a theory of averages and cannot be ex pected to apply with exactness to any individual. For one thing, it takes no account of "prepotencies" 1. e, the power of certain persons (as yet unex plained) to impress their traits with exceptional conspiepqusness upon their offspring. Again, it takes no account of the tendency of certain inherited traits to put themselves forward conspicuously generation after generation. You had a grandfather, let us say, whose nose had a peculiar hook. That hook ap peared in your father's nose and is reproduced in your own. It is what the scientists call a "dominant trait" like IT comes as a surprise, therefore, to find no little differences between the manners, customs and mode of life of the Mexicans south of the line and those who have settled in the United Slates. Fundamentally, these differences be tween two classes of the same race are due to two causes, irrigation and edu cation. Southwestern Texas. Southern New Mexico and Southern Arizona, while geographically similar to Northern Coahulla, Northern Chihuahua and Northern Sonora. have been made dif ferent by man. Irrigation in the former regions has aided agriculture, fostered commerce and thus led to the founda tion of modern, up-to-date towns. In these towns are schools, which the Mexican children must attend as well as the American. But in Northern Mexico there is little irrigation, consequently little ag riculture, and little Industry except that incidental to the incursion of for eign capital in the fields of mining and stock raising. Those American soldiers who had been patrolling the border for the past two or three years have been surprised by the difference that they have found between the Mexicans they knew on the border and the Mexican that they have met in this wild northern desert rourtry of the Latin-American repub lic. Between the natives that many of them knew in '.he Philippines and the people that they have met on the trail of Villa, our soldiers, however, have fount! mure than a slight resemblance. Not that; the natives whom our soldiers have met are all ferocious head-hunters. of Mexico fall PRESIDENT OF BANK IS 40 YEARS OLD : ' : ... !I : h'fL '"-V VjjrSV'. l! Lv-". , v:;::.r - 'ill ' ? b ' " - v - " ' - . :. j t.. ., j ,-iv - - '-iitfnvr.). ' j outlaws or aboriginal The people of this part routrhly into two classes. First, are the bandits, the class irora which- Villa' army has been largely recruited in the past. Many of these men were vaqueros on the great ranches of -Chihuahua such as those owned by William. Ran dolph Hearst and the wealthy Terrazas and Creel families, but when these ranches were closed with the outbreak of anarchy that followed the downfall of the Madero regime the vaqueros were thrown out of work. Accustomed to livln-r in the open and In the saddle, they fell easily into the way of bandits. But the bandits are not. as some American newspapers would lead one to believe, the most numerous class in this regtt-n. The second great division of the population, which includes the great mass of the people of rural Chihuahua, is made tip of peons and small farmers with a little land of their own enough to raise the small quantity of beans and corn that will sustain a large Mexican family for a year. All these people want is peace. For fiva years they have had their crops reaped by one armed faction or another and they are tired of it. An old woman of this class, with a few square feet of ground near Casaa Grandes which she laboriously tilled herself, said to the writer: "I've ben living here for 10 years and in that time Tve never had a month of solid security. Even under Diaz there was never a month when I could leave my hut for a day or two to visit a friend with the assurance that my rome would not be raided and my two cows stolen while I was away." Such people have come to desire the continued peace and prosperity which the gringo army has brought with it. As a matter of ract the deep-seated hatred for Americans which many cor respondents in Mexico write of is not so deep seated, after alL Except among the politicians, who foster this feeling among the people. It Is largely on the surface. Gordon Marsden in World Ourlook. THEODORE HtTTZLER. -Bain Photo. EW YORK, July 8. (Special.) -The youngest bank president k the United States is Theodore Hetzler. recently raised to the head of the Fifth-avenue Bank in New York. Mr. Hetzler, when he was 15 years old. saw an advertisement in a trade paper and applied to the bank for a job as messenger He waa engaged. That was 25 years ago. He was pro moted to the position of cashier five years ago and today, at the age of 40. he is head of one of the biggest bank ing concerns in New York. Industry, Mr. Hetzler says. Is the key to success, and opportunities are as plentiful today as thTy eve were, according to his way of thinking TO MAKE GOOD JELLY. The canning-club specialists of the States Relations Service for the North ern and Western states recommend that the following points be observed to make certain that Jelly will be of good quality: After the fruit has been boiled and the texture broken down it should be poured into a -Jelly bag and permitted to drain for a considerable time. Forc ing the Juice from the pulp will catfse cloudy jelly. When the Juice has been collected, place two teaspoonfuls of cold unsweetened fruit Juice in two teaspoonfuls of grain alcohol and mix by shaking gently. Allow It to settle for one-half hour, preferably in a glass tumbler. If a Jellylike substance col lects in the bottom of the mixture it is evidence that pectin is present and the juice is suitable for Jelly making. When the test shows absence of pectin, the white portion of orange peel, ap ples, or green citron melon may be added to the Juice to supply the neces sary pectin. Twelve ounces of sugar added to a pint of Juice will make a Jelly of the proper firmness and tex ture. Jelly is ready to be poured into the glasses when two rows of drops form on the end of a paddle or on the edge of a spoon held sidewlse. American Shoes for Burma. The Burmese are beginning to wear American shoes. Formerly whatever was needed in that line was imported from Great Britain, but the cost of the footwear of that country has so greatly Increased that they are now turning to America. One Boston shoe manufac turer recently placed an prdes for $50. 000 worth of shoes In Burma. The custom of wearing the shoes of this country or Europe is not yet prevalent among the Burmese women, but most of the men wear them.