TIIE SUNDAY OREGOXTAX. PORTLAND, AUGUST fi, 19t6.
11
Early Days In Old Orvtron, by Katharine B.
Judson. $1. Illustrated. A. C McClurg
& Co., Chicago.
Miss Judson has many qualifications
as a writer of Oregon history. She has
a sense of the true value or perspective,
an appreciation of historical fairness,
And shows the Industry of the perse
vering student who dfgrs In the mine of
records of the past in an honest desire
to arrive, at the truth.
Miss Judson says she grave four years
f devoted study to Oregon history,
three of them among the special col
lections of the Pacific Northwest, and
more than one year in London, England.
In that latter country she had com
plete access to the valuable documents
of the public record office. Including:
unpublished accounts of the various
explorations, and "also what was a far
rarer privilege, access to the journals,
diaries and letters of the Hudson's Bay
Company. Simple as this book is,
every statement is based on original
authority. Comment on the British and
American claims to the country is
founded entirely upon sources." Miss
Judson gives her address as sub
librarian of history. New York State
Library, Albany, N. T.
At the same time the book will cause
controversy In. Oregon. Miss Judson
seeks to settle the question as to the
Americans who "saved Oregon" from
British rule, and she doubts the state
ment that Dr. Whitman, the missionary,
"saved Oregon" as an American pos
session. It is stated that Great Britain did rtot
want Oregon, because representations
were made that the country was not
worth having. What a bitter pill for
present-day Oregonians to swallow!
Think of the effect on our state pride!
Miss Judson examines the claims
made by Spain, France, Great Britain
and Russia as original owners of Ore
iron, and decides in favor of Great
Britain. Mention is made of Captain
Cook's voyage along the Oregon coast
in 1778 although he failed to discover
the mouth of the Columbia River the
explorations of Alexander McKenzie in
1793, and the fact that British and
Canadian fur traders (ahead of Ameri
cans) "planted little trading posts all
over the Canadian Rockies, along the
headwaters of the Columbia and even
where the city of Spokane now is." So,
by land, reasons our author, through
discovery, exploitation and settlement,
Oreat Britain had a good right to the
northern section of the Oregon country.
"The Americans thought that French
Canadians were settling the Willam
ette Valley in order to make It British
and hold it for Great Britain. But how
could they (French-Canadians) hold a
country which the British government
did not claim? In 1822, if not before,
the officers of the Hudson's Bay Com
pany were notified by the British gov
ernment that they would make no claim
to the country south of the Columbia,
and to put their forts on the north. side
of the river. This was done at Fort
Vancouver, and also at other points
where the land would allow of a little
farming. If the soli on the south side
of the river was better, as at Fort Col
ville, they put the fort there, so as to
have a garden; not so as to claim the
country.
As for tne historical Incident at
Champoeg1. when the American prov
clonal government was formed. Miss
Judson does not think that this histori
cal step "saved Oregon to the United
Ftates," because "all the government
formed was in the Willamette Valley,
and Great Britain had not for 20 years
laid any claim to that country." The
statements that Dr. Whitman and
Francois Matthieu also "saved Oregon"
are brushed aside, for the same reason.
It is shown that Captain Gordon, of
the British ship America, was sent by
the British government to report on
Oregon: that he landed in the Straits of
San Juan de Fuca, in 1845, and that he
had such poor sport trying to fish for
salmon and to shoot deer he sent a con
fidential report to Great Britain say
ing: "The country was not worth fight
ing for, but not because the fishing and
hunting were poor."
People in Great Britain then thought
that the Oregon country was a wild,
"forest-sort-of country, a howling
wilderness, and was not worth the
trouble of disputing about. So, when
the trouble came about the internation
al boundary line. Great Britain agreed
to the 49th parallel, when she really
had a good right to a more southern
one.
On page 156 we read: "Secretary
Webster (Daniel AVebster) did tell the
English that he might give up all claim
to the country north of the Columbia
If he could make some arrangement
with Mexico so that it could sell the
harbor of San Francisco to America.
He said this in 1842. Now he also said
It again in 1843. after Whitman had
been to Washington, D. C. And this
shows that Whitman had very little
lnriuence.
Stories told the author by George H.
Hhnes. of this city stories of the
efforts of the pioneers to reach what
Is now ashington state are told o
pages 173-177.
Portland is spoken of, in describing
early days, as "a convenient camping
place between Oregon City and Fort
Vancouver. Portland, beginning with
jia icy luR tttunia aiiu a small store,
Brew rapiuiy. it was nearer tne Co
lumbia than Oregon City was, the water
was deeper, and lumber from hills along
ne river just as good. -
The points are made that in the days
of Dr. McLoughlin Indians in Oregon
liked the British, as the latter were
fur traders, and disliked Americans, as
they wanted to possess the land. It is
thought that Indians killed Dr. Whit
man because of an impression that
white "Bostons" had spread sickness
among Indians.
It is well to remember that the "Ore
fron country" under discussion measured
from the northern border of Mexican
California to near Sitka, in Russian
America, and eastward to where the
crest of the main ridge of the Rockies
met old-time Louisiana.
The contents of' the book are: "The
First White Man's Ship"; "Captain
Cook's Adventures": "Captain Meares at
Nootka Sound, and Launching of the
Northwest America"; "Battle In the
Straits of San Juan d Fuca" "When
Captain Gray Crossed the Terrible Bar";
"Adventures of Lewis and Clark": "How
They Built Astoria"; "That 'Indian'
Thief": "An Exciting Horserace": "Ad
ventures in the Yakima Valley": Dan
ger at Fort Walla Walla"; "Fort Van
couver and Dr. John McLoughlin";
'First Apple In the Oregon Country";
Adventures of the Whitmans"; "The
Oregon Trail": "Who Owned the Ore
gon Country?" "Through the Naches
Pass"; "The Beginnings of Cities'
'Early Adventures in Seattle": "How
the Indians Lived": "The Life of the
Children": "The Great Council at
Walla Walla": "Battle of Seattle": "A
Brief Summary of the History of the
Old Oregon Country From Original
Sources ; Bibliography.
These illustrations are shown: "A
Blackfeet Indian Travoia"; "Captain
Meares in San Juan de Fuca Straits
"Launching of the Ndrthwest America"
"The Lewis and Clark Line of Ex
ploration": "Fort Okanogan": "An In
dian Buffalo Hunt": "Indians Stalking
Buffalo ; "Reclaiming Eastern Oregon ;
"A War Party": "An Indian Dance";
"Falls of he Willamette": "The Ore-
Ron Country": "The Dalles": "The Wil
lamette Valley"; "Mount Hood From the
Dall of the Columbia"; "Old Oregon
and the Disputed Section"; "American
Pioneer Cabin"; "Oregon City in Early
Days"; Oregon City in 1S4"; "Hauling
BttcJosefh Macsueen.
Act well ijoup pcirl: tk9ro
all tke konor lies". . .
i : " " ill llli
-( V ' I 11
- ' 4 " viJ! I n
H - - M - i Jl 1 J
I ; V)s - - MlP
i . . - -X A w-
x - , .... J I
JUkk ii i if aTinwwiiariiiriiii imnrtimiirifiBi
4L- ' , k 2S? rfSa-"! i
the Logs"; "Transportation by Ox
Team"; "The Fallen Monarch of the
Woods"; "Ocean-Going Log Raft";
"Snoqualmie Falls, Washington": "In
dian Houses"; "An Indian Canoe Tomb";
"Mount Rainier."
As a summing up, the book is a de
cided acquisition to the literature of
the Pacific Northwest.
Society and Prisons, by Thomas Mott Os
borne. $1.-15. Yale University Press, New
Haven, Conn.
We in Oregon are familiar with
prison reform and honor camps among
convicts because of recent develop
ments In that direction.
No man in America is better known
in the cause of prison reform and the
true reformation of prisoners than
Thomas Mott Osborne, who has Just
been reappointed to his former position
as warden of Sing Sir.g prison, N. Y.,
to the great wonderment of the poli
ticians who had hopedv to ruin him.
The. book is an unusual one. of spir
itual strength, pathos and' common
sense. It lives in the atmosphere of
the golden rule. It reflects the true
spirit of brotherhood, and service for
the sake of common humanity.
The material in this book consists of
a series of lectures delivered by Mr.
Osborne, who is a graduate of Har
vard, to students of Yale University,
and belongs to the "Yale lectures on
the Responsibilities of Citizenship," es-
tablished by the late William Earl
Dodge.
American readers know already that
in order to study prison conditions
first-hand Mr. Osborne lived for a
week the life of a convict, serving with
what was reputed to be the roughest
gang in Auburn prison. N. Y., and
passing a night in the "cooler."
Society is disturbed when an of
fender who has broken the laws of
society is sent to jail as a punishment,
and then when he is afterward re
lieved from Jail announces that he is
an enemy of society because he has
been sent to jail. He wants to "get
even."
"We do not send men to prison to
be punished. We punish men by send
ing them to prison which is a very
different thing," remarks our author.
"The imprisonment is the punishment;
and the direst punishment that can be
meted out to any man. Severe as it is,
however, society has the right to in
flict it upon the offender who is inter
fering with the orderly progress of
civilization. And when I say society
has the right, I mean that such an act
is wise, because it can be made to
Inure to the benefit both of the com
munity and of the individual who has
offended. But while society has the
right to send a man to prison, it has
no right whatever to deprive him of his
health, of his working capacity, his
sanity, his faith in God."
Mr. Osborne sketches the "old" prison
system. whereby prisoners were
chained like wild beasts, imprisoned in
dank cells, shut off from all commun
ion with their fellows, and fed on hard
bread and doubtful water.
'Year after year our prisons have
been turning out men crippled in body.
broken in mind, calloused in soul.
proceeds Mr. Osborne. " 'Do you know
how a man feels when he leaves an
institution of this kind? one of the
Auburn prisoners, a third-termer once
asked me. 'I'll tell you how I felt at
the end of my first term. I just hated
everybody and everything; and I made
up my mind Id get even.
At Auburn prison Mr. Osborne found
familiar problem that of the recid
ivist. the backslider, the one who falls
back, the man who is a prisoner at one
jail and then at other jails.
Mr. Osborne rejected two plans that
had been tried in prisons and found
wanting: The Philadelphia system,
which consisted In shutting up men in
solitary cells, without work, and noth
ing but the Bible to read. .Result: in
sanity and suicide, and forced to give
prisoners work. The Auburn system:
congregate work, solitary cells when
not at work, and silence. -Result: fail
ure, ahd the prison crowded with recid
ivists. At Auburn prison Mr. Osborne was
instrumental in organizing the Mutual
Welfare League among the prisoners.
It provided self-government for them.
Every prisoner was eligible for mem
bership. The motto was: "Do good '"
make good." The governing body of
the league was a board of delegates of
49. elected every six months. "The del
egates were to select an executive
board of nine from among their-number
to which was entrusted the admin
istration of the league. The executive
board appointed a clerk and a ser-geant-at-arms,
who was empowered to
add as many assistant sergeants-at-arms
as necessary, the delegates act
ing also in that capacity. The board
of delegates was also divided into eight
-4 iszart cier sop
grievance committees of , five each,
which should hear and determine all
complaints against members of the
league."
The delegates took an oath to be
true to the trust reposed in them, and
their prisoner-constituents welcomed
them "with thunderous applause" in
the prison chapel, one Sunday after
noon in January, -1914. 1400 prisoners
were present. A violin and piano re
cital was given, at which compositions
were played from the works of Bach,
Beethoven, Sullivan and Johann
Strauss. Therf. were no keepers or
guards presen' Each prisoner was
"on honor." It is .related that "each
.prisoner is sitting easily and naturally,
laughing and chatting with his neigh
bor. There is color in the faces and life
in the eyes. I had never noticed before
the large number of fine-looking young
men. I can hardly believe it is the
same gray audience I spoke to less
than five short months ago."
The march back to the cells began
and finished in perfect order, and the
men shut themselves into their cells.
One of the prison guards was aston-
Sunday Church Services
(Continued From Pa.5 10 )
Knott street; take Williams avenue or Union
avenue ear J. Carlos G norm ley, pastor.
Bible school, 9:40 A. M., Harry Liarson,
uuperintendent; mornlnif service, 1 1, sermon
subject, "The Pastoral Psalm"; Junior En
deavor during the morning service, Mrs.
tauott, superintendent : y. r. . u. t;., e:a
P. M.. Fae Johnston, superintendent ; even
ing worship an4 bapt'enul service, 8; even
ing theme, "Man Typical"; Miss Fae Smith,
chorister.
East Side A. t.. Ciim, pastor. Special
services at 8 P. M-; literary and musical
programme; you will not be disappointed
if you attend ; in the morning at 11 the
pastor will speak on "In the Shadow of
the liock.
Montavllla. East Seventy-sixth and Hoyt
streets Eugene Burr, pastor. Sunday school,
9:45 A. M. Preaching services, 11 A. M. and
8 P. M. ; prayer meeting Thursday, 8 P. M.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.
First, Everett, between Eighteenth and
Nineteenth streets Services, 11 and 8; sub
ject of lesson sermon. "Spirit"; Sunday
school, 9:45 and 11; Wednesday evening
meeting at S.
Second. East Sixth street and Holladay
avenue Services, 11 and 8; subject of lesson
sermon. "Spirit" ; Sunday school, 0:45;
Wednesday evening' meeting at 8.
Third, East Twelfth and Salmon streets
Services, 11 and S; subject of lesson ser
mon, "Spirit"; Sunday school, 11 and 12:15;
Wednesday evening meeting at 8.
Fourth, Vancouver avenue and Emerson
street Services, Jl and 8; subject of lesson
sermon, Spirit"; Sunday school, 9:45 and
11 : Wednesday evning mttng at 8.
Fifth, Myrtle Park Station Services, 11
A. M. ; subject of lesson sermon, "Spirit" :
Sunday school, 9:80 and 11 ; Wednesday
evening meeting at 8.
Chribtian -Science Society, Holbrook blocK.
St. Johns Services, 11 A. M. ; subject of
lesson sermon, ''Spirit"; Wednesday venin
meeting at 8.
CHRISTIAN YOGA ASSOCIATION.
The Christian Toga Association will meet
Sunday evening at S o'clock in room A,
Centrai Library. All members are expected
to be present and any others who are inter
ested w Hi be cordially welcomed.
DIVINE SCIENCE.
First. 131 Twelfth street Rev. T. M.
Mlnard. pastor. Services, 11 M.; Bible
cla. Tuesday. 2 1. M. ; study class,
Thursday, b P. M.
KP1SCOPAL.
Pro-Cathedral of St, Stephen the Martyr.
Thirteenth and Clay streets Very Rev. ti.
M. Ramsey, dean. Holy communion, 7-i;
bunday achooi, 10; morning service, 11; serv
ice for colored people, B; evening service,
7 ;5.
Trinity, Nineteenth and Everett streets
Rev. Dr. A. A. Morrison, rector. Service.
8, 11 and 8; Sunday school. 9:4A; Oood, Fel
lowship Society, parts u no use. Nineteenth
and Davis streets. 7 to 7:04.
Church of St. Michael and All Angela,
Broadway and East Forty-third street North.
Sermon, 11 ; bly communioav first Sunday.
11; th:rd Sunday. 7:80
Grace Memorial, Weldler and East Seven
teenth streets Nortn Kev. Oewald W. Tay
lor, vicar. Holy communion. 8, excepting on
first Sunday In the moo in; morning prayer
and sermon, 11; Sunday school, 10. Me
evening service.
All Saints. Twenty-fifth and Savler atreets
buuaity tctiuui, 1 0 : uxor 1111 g prey r nj
sermon, 11; celebration of the oiy com
munion the first Sunday in the month at
11 and the third Sunday at 8.
St. Paul's. Wood mere Rev. Oswald W
Tai lor. vicar. Holy eommui-.ion. firet Sun
day of month, 8: evening prayer and ser
mon, a. except tne iirst feunday of month.
6l John's. Milwaukee Rev. John I. Rice,
vicar. b. holy communion, exoept on first
Sunday of month ; 10, Sunday school; II4
mornin? prayer; 7:3C, evening prayer; holy
communion, first bunday of month
St. John's. Sellwood Rev. John D. Rice,
vicar: Prayer. S ; holy communion, b :30.
flrrt Sunday of month.
Church of Our Savior, Woodstock, K-Forty-first
street and Sixtieth srenui
Archdeacon Chambers In charge. Sunday
school. 10 A. M. ; service and sermon at 11
A. M.
Blshon Morris Memorial Chanel. Good
Bamaritan Hospital Holy communion. 7
com m union.
A. M-: even song. 7:15.
SC An draws, Hereford street.
opposite
lsbed at the discipline and asked: "Why
In h can't they do that for us?"
Athletic sports In the open were, of
course, successful. The health of the
prisoners improved. The guards re
ported no more trouble In the cell
blocks, and quiet, restful sleep instead
of the long, wakeful, torturing nights.
No fights. No disorder. Only the best
of conduct.
A pathetic story of spiritual refor
mation of one once-desperate criminal.
"Canada Blackle," Is so moving, that
It must sensibly affect the reader.
Mr. Osborne's fame as a leader in
the "new penology," spread Nation
wide. December 1. 1914, he was ap
pointed warden of Sing Sing and he
lost no time In getting started a Mu
tual Welfare League.
As a result of his experience. Mr
Osborne does not believe at all in the
usual "honor system" in prison life
The men came to believe in the league
of self-government, and In the con
viction that "it paid to be straight."
They, afterward, kept out of Jail.
Tho Case Asmlnst the Little White Slaver,
complied by Henry Kord, and published by
him at Detroit, Mich.
This is a little pamphlet, 77 pages.
but it strikes a big-hammer blow. It
gives freely a valuable idea that ought
to last a lifetime. It presents a case
for and against the cigarette but
mostly against it.
The only information in favor of the
smoking of cigarettes is mentioned in
a letter written by Percival A. Hill.
president of the American Tobacco
Company, and addressed to Mr. Ford.
But advice against smoking ciga
rettes that Is the principal text of this
printed message. Thomas A. Edison
says: "The injurious agent in ciga
rettes 5omea principally from the burn
ing paper wrapper. The substance
thereby formed is called 'Acrolein.' It
has a violent action on the nerve cen
ters, producing degeneration of the
cells of the brain which is quite rapid
among boys. Unlike most narcotics.
this degeneration is permanent and
uncontrollable. I employ no person
who smokes cigarettes."
Letters are printed from other em
ployers who say they will not employ
cigarette smokers.
Mr. HilL of the American Tobacco
Company, says: "The increase of ciga
rette smoking In the United States is
significant. In 1900. two billion six
hundred thousand cigarettes were made
In this country. In 1913. fifteen billion
eight hundred million cigarettes were
made here, an increase of 700 per cent.
This tremendous popularity, which is
growing all the time, is possible only
because millions of American men have
convinced themselves that cigarettes
are good for them."
On the other hand. Professor Moran,
of Ann Harbor, Mich., a teacher of
shorthand for the past 30 years, says
that among the thousands of young
men he has had in his classes, all who
in their earlier years have become ad
dicted to the cigarette habit have only
been able to develop into third-rate or
fourth-rate stenographers.
Connie Mack, of the Philadelphia
Athletics, says that baseball players
who do smoke "never amount to a
great deal in the profession" and that
"no man or boy can expect to succeed
to a high position in the world and
continue the use of cigarettes."
Ty Cobb is quoted as saying: "The
alert brain, strong body, and the moral
stamina necessary for success in any
line of endeavor are weakened and de
stroyed by the cigarette habit: and
young men should realize its disas
trous effects."
So, both sides, for and against, are
presented.
Take your choice.
Sex Problems, by Moses Scholtz, M.
.ste-wart & Kldd Co.. Cincinnati. O.
D. 1.
A necessary step In the direction to
build up a morally pure and physically
strong young generation. This little
book is wise and prudent. It is filled
with words of good advice such as a
father might speak to his son. It treats
of sex problems of man in health and
disease, and is an easily understood and
popular study in sex knowledge. Con
tinence and restraint are preached, to
keep up the physical and mental fresh-
nes and full vigor required for a grow
ing body. Errors are discussed, from a
curative direction.
Portsmouth School Archdeacon Chambers
In charge. Snnday school. 10 A. M; service
and sermon, 11 A M.
St. Mark's. Twenty-first and "Marshall
streets. Rev. J. B. H. Simpson, rector; Rev.
J. G. Hatton, associate. Summer services.
7:30 A. M Holy Eucharist; 10:15. matins
11. Holv Eucharist and sermon. Week-days.
Holy Eucharist dally at 7:30 A. M. and at
9 also on holy a ays.
St. David's, East Twelfth and Belmont
Rev. Thomas Jenkins, rector. 7. 9:30 and
11 A. M-. sermon, "Sacramental Balance" ;
7 :30 P. M., organ recital, service and ser
mon, "The Law of the Spiritual Laie."
Church of the Good Shepherd, Graham
and Vancouver avenues Rev. John Dawson
rector. Morning service, 11 o clock ; no
Sunday school or evening service during
August.
EVANGELICAL.
The SwedUh Evangelical Free Church.
corner of Missouri avenue and Sumner street
H. G. Rodine, pastor. Sunday school.
9:45; preaching, 11 A. M. ; young people's
meeting, 0:45; preaching, a Sr. M.
First German, corner Tenth and Clay
streets G, F. Llemtng, Sr.. pastor. Sunday
school at 9:80 A. M.; preaching service by
the pastor at 10:45 A M. ; Toung People's
Society services at 7 P. M., and preaching by
the pastor at S P. M,
Third Reform, Lents W. G. Llenkaemper.
pastor. Sunday school at m a, m.; preacn.
lng service at 11 A. M.; catechetical class.
Saturday at lo A. M.
Nnrweclin Danish. Sumner and Ei
Twentv-thlrd street North Morton Olsen.
lastor. services eunaar at ix a si. ana 1 lav
. M. : Sunday School at 10; toung People's
meeting at o:30; prayer meeting, w eanesoay
at .
LATTER-DAY SAINTS.
T.ttr-dev Saints- East Twenty-fifth and
Madison lo o'clock. Sunday school; service
at 11:45 and special evening service at 7:30.
LUTHERAN.
West Side Norwegian Lutheran. Four
teenth and Davis streets Wllhelm petter-
son. d est or. Enrllsh services, first and third
Sundays or each montn at 11 a. St., ana
second and fourth Sundays at 8 P. M.
Norwegian services first and third Sundays
of each month at 9 P. m.. ana secona rourtn
Sundays at 11 A. M. ; bunday school
10 A M. : English and Norwegian Men's
Club the third Monday at 6 P. M. : Y. P. S.
Tueeiay evening; English Bible class. Friday
evenings; vesper service at S P. M. each
Sundsy in the hall on the corner of Fifteenth
and Alberta
Bethel Fre. Etuben Hall. Ivy and Will
lama streets Rev. J. A, Staler, minister.
Preaching at 11 A. M. and P. aft.; Sunday
school, 10 A- at
Bethany Danish, Union avenue North and
Morris street. M- j. jensen-cngnotm. pss
tor. Services 11 and 8; Young People'
meeting. Tuesday. S P. M.
St. Paul's. East Twelfth and Clinton
streets Pastor, Rev. A. K reuse. Services
10:80 A. M. and 8 o'clock.
St. Paul's German, East Twelfth and
Clinton streets A. K reuse, pastor. German
and English Sunday school. 9:30 A. M.
services. lo:SO A. M. and 8 P. M. ; Germs
grammar school dally from 9 to 12 A. M.
Trinity German (Missouri Synod), Will
lams and Graham avenues J. A. Rimbach,
pastor. Services, 10:15 A. M. ; Sunday
school, 9:15 A. M. ; no evening service.
Our Savior. East Tenth and Grant street
George Henrlksen, pastor. Sunday school
and Bible class at 9:JO; English service a'
10:15: Norwegian service at ll:ia.
St. James English, corner West Park and
Jefferso'n streets J. Allen Leas, B. Li.,
tor. Services at 11 A. M.; evening services
Intermitted: Sunday school meets at 10 A.
M.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL
First, corner Twelfth and Taylor Fran
L. Loveland, D. D., pastor. Walter L. Ai
heart, assistant. Morning; sermon, J0::;
evening. 8 o'clock; Sunday school. 1U:1
o'clock.
Woodstock. Woodstock avenue and Forty
fourth stxeet Southeast Rev. Frank James.
pastor. Sunday school. 10; 12:15. class
meeting: 8:45, Epworth League; 11 and 7:45.
sermons by the pastor; mid-week prayer
service. 1 bureoay, 8 p. M-
Ginnu, Rodney avenue and Stanton
street T. A. Schumann, castor. Sunca
school. 9:45 A. M.; services. 11 A. H and
8 P. M. ; Epworth League. 7:15 P. M.
Lincoln. ast Fifty -second and Lincoln
flip
flodem Poultry Culture
SEGREGATION BIG PROBLEM.
Among the problems that con
front poultrymen at this season
is "segregating the cockerels and
marketing the surplus breeders."
This operation often taxes the
skill and resourcefulness of the
operator because It Is upon this
work that the success or failure
of the future flock and - the
profits as a business venture are
largely dependent
BY M. L. CHAPMAN.
Judge. Breeder and Writer.
SEGREGATING the cockerels means
more than merely separating the
young males from the flock, for it In
volves the selection, of those birds that
are to be retained at the bead of the
breeding nock the following season.
It must be remembered that the real
foundation of success 'in poultry culture
oepenaa upon tne strong constitutional
vigor and vitality of the fowls, and that
the breeding male is one-half of the
future flock.. The first duty that con
fronts the operator when segregating
tne cockerels is to select the young
Diras that luiiiii every indication neces
sary to become typical breeders.
Valae of the Trap Nest.
It Is In this work that the full .im
portance of trap-nesting Is appreciated.
as it gives tne operator positive knowl
edge regarding the parentage of the
young Diro. xnis knowledge also con
veys the data pertaininir to the health
vigor and vitality of the flock's an
cestors, also the breeding character.
tstlcs and egg-laying records of each
specimen.
To those who are striving for show
birds the trap neat Is a guide for future
mating, especially regarding shape and
color. To those who want large yields
of perfect eggs, it gives the opportunity
I confining the selections to birds that
ave ancestors with large egg records
na other egg-producing character
ilea
Where this data Is at hand the young
birds should be separated Into groups
SCIENCE IN FEEDHG POl'LTRY.
There Is science in feeding poul
try. No one grain should be fed
exclusively. Some feeds furnish
more heat and fat than others,
and some are better adapted to
growing feathers and to produc
ing bone and eggs. Consequently
when a ration is well balanced
the object is more readily at
tained. The analysis of gralna
and their by-products is the sub
ject of next week'a article.
according to the performances of their
ancestors. In order to simplify the final
elections.
ryJ?nS u cockerels that how
elded masculine appearance should be
considered. They ehould be of moderate
e, possess well-spread feet, strong;
egs of medium length placed wide
part. He should have a broad, flat
head and a bright, protruding- eye that
Rives the appearance of alertness. The
back should be broad and lonjc and
the body deep with a full broad,
rounded breast. Such cockerels are
easily distinguished in the flock, as
they have a natural masculine carriage
htch forces them upon the notice of
the operator. Their activity Is notice
able and their belligerent attitude is
testimony regarding their Individual
Igor and vitality. All others that do
not measure up to this standard should
be placed In small yards and prepared
for market.
Where there are a number of cock
erels that measure up to the standard
of breeders, and they have several gen
erations of strong producing stock be
hind them. It is often possible to dis
pose of them as breeders, in which case
they will bring better prices than if
prepared for market. It la essential that
the cockerels reserved for breeding
purposes should have free range and
full diet of nutritious food. They
streets Rev. Q. G. Haley, pastor. Sunday
school at 1:30. Preaching services at 10 Iv
and ft.
First Norwegian -Danish, corner Elrhteenth
and Hoyt O. T. Fields, pastor. Horning
services at 11 and eve n 1 na services at a ;
Tounc People's meeting every Tuesday
evening at 8; prayer meeting, Thursday,
P. M.
Eunnyslde. corner East Tamhfll ane East
Thlrtv-flfth streets R. Elmer Smith, pas
tor. Sunday scnool. 9:50 A. M. ; preaching.
11 A. M.; Epworth League. 6:30 P. P- .
ples popular service. ?:4A P. at.
Clinton Kelly, East Fortieth and Powell
Valley J. West Thompson, minister. :4o
A. M., eunaay sen 001; 11, morning wgnmu,
sermon subject. 1 ne iure or me xw .
Epworth League, sacred concert ty orcnes-
tra and quartet; prayer meeting, Thursday.
8 P. M.
Vancouver - avenue Norwegttn - Danish,
corner of Fkldraore street. Rev. Abraham
Verelde, pastor. Sunday services at 10:4o
A. M. ana o f- euiiuay Btuwji i
A. M.; Dr. C J. Laraen, D. S., win preacn
in the morning and orriciate at tne com
munion service; In the evening the congre
gation will Join with the Central Methodist
Episcopal Church for evangelistic meetings,
which will continue during the week.
Trinity, East Tenth and Sherman streets-
Rev. A. B. t'alder, pastor. Sunday school.
JO A. M. ; 11. "Overcoming and its e-
vards" ; 8, Epworth League topic.
Bethel African Sunday scnool at
P. M.; Christian Endeavor meeting at T
P. M. ; evening services will be devoted to
the subject of Christian education; a spe
cial programme baa been arranged for the
occasion by the Sunday school teachers'
board; programme will begin at 8:15.
There will be Scandinavian service in the
Methodist Church, Vancouver, at 8 P. M.
All ar most cordially Invited to attend.
John Ovall. minister.
Rose City Park. Sandy boulevard ana East
Flftv-eiahth street North, on the Alauaede
William Wallace Youngoon, minister. Fun
flay school. 9:45; 11. Dr. Clarence True
Wilson; 7:30. George W. Fennlman. fundiy.
hool secretary to Mr. H. J. Helns, of
Pittsburp. chairman of the World's Sunday
School Association, win give en Illustrated
lecture. "Around the World With the Sun
day School" a glimpse of the children of
tniny land a
Wpfftmoreland B- Harrison, -pastor.
Sunday school, H: preaching by William
Hargraves. 11 and H. "Mn That railed''
nn ' Tne cnuren or 00a sownunc
Mount Tabor, corner of East Stark and
!xty-flrst streets E. Olln Eld ridge, pastor.
PreacMng. 11 A. M. and P. M.; subjects.
mom I mi. "Present -Day prophets" : evening.
Manhood's One Ideal"; Sunday echoi. 43
A. M. : Epworth League Bible study clasa
7 P. M.; midk prayet- and praise serv
ice.- Thursday evening. 8 o'clock.
Centenary -Sunday school. 9:45 A. M. ;
preaching. H A. M. by Dr. Lane, "A Great
Dar In the Temple"; evening. T:45, Dr.
Lane, '"Nobody Home"; Epworth League,
ft: 15 P. M. ; prayer meeting. Wednesday
evening.
Wood lawn. East Tenth and Highland
Louis Thorns s. pastor. Morning. "The Se
crets of the Soul"; evening. "The Strength
of Necessity"; Sunday school. 10 A. M.;
Epworth League. 7 P. M; prayer service
Thursday evening.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL SOUTH.
First. Union avenne and Multnomah
street W. J. Fen ton. pastor. 'Sunday school,
10; preaching. 11 and 7:80.
NEW CHTRCH SOCIETY.
New Church Society. Filers Hall. Bread-
way nnd Aldr street Rev. Samuel Worces
ter, pastor. Subject. It A. M.. "Feeding the
Multitude" ; Sunday school omitted during
August- -NEW
THOUGHT.
Temple of Truth. Ellers building. Broad
way and Alder street- Florence A. Sullen-
berg, secretary. Services, g p. M.. speaker,
Mrs. Aiihea Wiesendanger; all welcome,
PENTECOSTAL NAZ.iBEVE.
Highland Park. 1193 Eaat Fourteenth
street North Kev. J. G. BrinsedahL pastor
Sunday school at 12 o'clock; preaching at a
PKESBYTEaUA?!.
Ml span. Division and Kaat Nineteenth
streets Rev. Harry Leeds, pan tor. Vormng
worsmp, 11;. evening, cansuaa a-
LIGHT BRAHMA BANTAMS
i 11 j 1 in ;
i I !! 'I P S
T IGHT and dark Brahma Bantams
Xl were originated In England. They
were produced by crosntns large Brah
mas with Cochin and Black-tailed Jap
anese Bantams. The latter cross rhowed
strongly in the first of these that were
imported to America.
Some enterprising: American fanciers
elected the best of the first specimens
and recrosaed them with rplendid but
undersized specimens of the large
light Brahman, with the result that
they established a strain of light Brah
ma Bantams which were In fact minia
ture light B rah mas. These are good
Brahmas in shape, feathered Just heav
ily enough on the shanks and have very
little or no hock feathering. In addi-
...uu.a oe ampiy protected from lncle-ia,
tnent weather
na lorced to make bone
and muscle.
Marketiag Serploa Cvrkerela.
There are numerous methods of mar
keting the surplua cockerels, but much
d.ends upon the equipment and re
sources of the operator. The easiest
method Is to keep them penned up for
a few days, giving them plenty of soft
mash food, and keeping fresh clean
water before them at all times, after
which they may be shipped to market
alive. Thus the expense of feeding
Is cut off and all the labor of killing
and dressing Is removed.
Soft roasters are always in demand
at good market prices, but it requires
from 10 to 12 weeks to get the birds
In the best possible market condition so
as to command highest prices. Where
this method Is pursued the birds should
run on a limited range. They should
de-velop Jarge bodies capable of support
jiDerai reeding until they de
ing great Quantities of muscle and fat.
Where the necessary skill and equip
ment is at hand, quite a profitable
business may be built by marketing
surplus males as capons. This Is not a
difficult matter, and it is practicable
for small or large flocks.
Marketing surplus breeders is a prob
lem over which many poultrymen have
stumbled, and where mistakes are not
discovered until It is too late.
It is wrong to think that all yearling
hens should be discarded, regardless of
their previous performances. This is
a common error that has cost many
poultrymen the loss of capital and years
of hard labor. Here, again, the value
of the trap nest Is evident. Females
that have proven their worth as breed
ers, either in producing show birds or
pullets that were prolific layers, should
be retained until they are four or five
yeara or age, providing they maintain
their vigor and vitality. Despite the
fact that many breeders claim that pul
lets are the more profitable, it has
been conclusively proven that the year
ling, two-year-old and even the three-year-old
hens are a good Investment.
Besides being profitable as egg pro-
aucers. mere is no aouot or their value
deavor. 6:80 Sunday scnool.
sermona,
11 A. aI. and 7:80 P. M.
Calvary; Eleventh and Clay streets Rev.
Oliver 8. Baum, pastor, will preach. Com
munion service, 10:30; 7:45. "A Hard Say
ing" ; Sunday sobool, noon ; Christian En
deavor Society, 7 P. M. ; prayer meeting
Thursday. 7:43.
Central. ESst Pine and Thirteenth streets
Rev. Charlee L Cnelfant. D. 1J., of Boise,
Idaho, will occupy the putplt. speaking at
10::to on "The Hands of God" and 7:45 on
"One Man and a Few Others."
Kenil worth I K. Richardson, pantnr. 11
A. M., The Consecration of Talent" : 8
P. M-. "Certainties."
Rose City Park Rev. J. M. Pk Inner, pas
tor. Dr. J. R. N Bell, of Corvallis. sup
plying for August. Subject. 11 A, M.. "Man's
Dominion ; no evening service.
Vernon, Nineteenth and "Wygnnt streets
H. N. Mount, pastor. Sunday school at 9:45
A. M. ; Christian Endeavor at 7 P. M. ; pub
lic worship at 11 A. M. and b P. M.
Mt. Tabor. East Fifty-fifth and Belmont
streets Rev. William Graham Moore paa
tor. Sabbath school, 9:45 A M ; morning
worship. 11 o'clock; Junior Christian En
deavor Society. 5 P. M. ; Young People's
meeting, e P. M.; evening worship. 7:45
Westminster. East Seventeenth and Schuy
ler streets Morning service. 10:S; Sunday
school. 12: evening servlnce, 7:45: pulpit
filled by Rev. Carl Wads worth Pcovll, Cort
land. N. Y. : morning topic, "The Name of
the World King"; evening, "The Studio of
tha Divine Sculptor."
LE FORMED.
Firs German, Twelfth and Clay O.
Hefner, pastor. Service. 10:43 and a;
Sunday school. 9:30: T- P. L.. 7.
SPIRITUALIST.
Church of the Soul, Auditorium Hall.
Third and Salmon streets Kev, J. H- Lucas.
pastor. Conference at 1 1 A. M. ; Sunday
school at 1 ;-0 p. M : mediums' meeting.
ectur and demonstrations by Rv. Max
Hoffman; lecture and demonstration at 8
P. M. by Rev. Max Hoffman.
Christian. Alder street and Broadway.
Et'ere building. Dr. Lucas, lectures 3 P.
M.; local talent, 8 P. M.
Temple., soutnea&t corm-r or Sixth and
Montgomery streets Addles by Dr. Allaa
mon I ra Lucas, S I. M .. subject." bse-
slon. Its 'a uses and Cure n." Special mu
sic has been provided.
I'MTCD BRETHREN.
Alberta. Twenty-seventh and Alberta
Bt - rl-f TJrTl t PtjM'o wor
6- First Printing & Million 7
Harold Bell Wright's Novel
TlIEN 1 Just Published 1
a Man's a Man
Cloth 12mo $1.35
Illustrated by the Author
A fine, wholesome novel of
simple sweetness and virile strength
Selling Everywhere
That Printer of Udell's The Shepherd of the Hills Tha Calling of Dan
Matthews The Winning of Barbara Worth Their Yesterdays The Eyes
of tha World All by the same author have sold nearly 7,000,000 Copies
Publisher, The Book Supply Company, Chicago
tion th black markings are much im-
proved and more distinct. The only
bad feature was that they were some
what larger In slxe. This defect, how
ever, has been remedied during; the last
seven or etxfct years. The winners at
our bext shows are quite vmall. no
larger than Is demanded by the Ameri
can standard, which requires a weight
of from -6 to SO ounces for males, and
24 to 2S ounces for females.
Many of these improved Brahma Ban
tams have been exported to Knsland
and are the foundation of some of the
best Knglish winner today.
They lay a large egg. considering tha
sixe of the hens, and they are also
prolific layers. The hens will become
broody, sit and rear chicks and are
very successful mothers.
breeder, of -troll-, healthv. viioroua
chicks.
Valae of Old Breeders,
No poultrymen snould dispose of his
breeders merely on account of their aae
lone until they are at least three rears
old. and then only those that have
shown indications of breaking down. No
matter how small the flock, a few
thoroughly seasoned breeders of known
producing characteristics should be re
tained. The great expense incident to
poultry keeping is the renewal of the
flock, and from a practical business
standpoint the cost of these renewals
should be kept at a minimum.
With careful culling and marketing
only those hens that failed to measure
up to the standard as producers should
be marketed, and if this Idea is fol
lowed there will be greater profits in
the poultry industry. It Is not a diffi
cult matter to determine which indi
viduals have been poor producers
those that are drones eating their feed
and giving little, or no returns. These
birds should be disposed of as soon
as possible, no matter at what season,
for the longer they are retained the
greater the loss.
Now that the young pullets are ready
to take their places in the laying flocks
thee. too, should be rigidly cul led,
and only those retained that show evi
dence of maturing into sturdy, vigorous
hens. All disproportionate, narrow
breasted pullets should be prepared for
market.
In getting these birds ready for mar
ket they should be divided according to
their condition. Fat hens are ready at
once, and will bring good prices as
stewing fowls. If they are old and in
poor condition they had better be mar
keted alive at so much per head. Pul
lets that are off In condition but
healthy and growing may be placed In
yards or allowed free range with the
cockerels and fitted for market at
the same time.
Marketing conditions vary in dif
ferent localities and the successful
poultryman always studies the market
requirements in his locality, fo as to
be able to dispose of his fowls to tha
best advantage.
ship. 11 A. M. and T:30 P. M. : Sunday
school, 10 A. M. ; Y. P. 8. C E-. tt:30 prayer
meeting. Thursday. 8 P. M.
First, East Fifteenth and Morrison streets
P. O. Bonebrake. pastor. Sunday school
at 10 A. M. . preaching at 11 A. M. and 8
P. M., Endeavor at 7 P. M.
Fourth. Sixty-ninth street and Sixty-second
avenue Southeast. Tremont station J.
E. Cor nor. pastor. Sermons. 11 A, M. and
I. 45 1 M.; nunuay sen 001. ij A a...
ttan hnOtavor. 6:43 P. M
Mission, 446 Jessup street. Sunday serv
ices as usual; Sabbath school, 10; preaching.
II. by Kev. C. T. Carpenter; C. E., 7; even
ing service of .unusual interest.
Third, Sixty-seventh street and Thirty
second avenue Southeast Herbert F. White,
pastor. Sunday school, 10 A. M. ; morning
service, 11 A. M. ; subject, "The Purpose of
Jesus' Coming"; Junior Christian Endeavor,
3 p. M.; Senior Christian Endeavor, 7 P.
M. ; evening service, 8 P. M.
IMTKI) EVANGELICAL.
First. East Sixteenth and Poplar streets
Rav. J. A. Goods, pastor. Preaching at 11
A. M. and 6 P. M.; Sunday school. 9:50
A. U.; K. U C. K.. 7 P. M.: midweek prayer,
meeting. Thursday. 8 P. M,
St. Johns A P. Lay ton. pastor, will
preach both morning and evening. Sunday
school at 10 A. M. ; Christian Luduivur t
8:80 P. M.
Ockley Green. Willamette boulevard and
Gay street Rev. H. Ii. Kara ham, pastor.
Sunday school, 10; preaching. 11 and 8.
CN1TARJA-N.
Church of Our Father. Broadway and
Yamhill street Rev. Thomas L. Eliot. D- D..
minister emeritus; Rev. William O. Ello,
Jr., minister. Service at 11 A. M., sermon,
"Salv-xtion." by Rev. Fred A. Weil; even
ing services Intermitted.
V N I VE RS A LIS T. .
Church of Good Tldlnxs, East Twenty
fourth and Broadway Kev. F. T. Scott,
pastor. 1 1 A. M., "Now Abldeth Thee
Three": la o'clock. Sunday school; no even
ing services lu August.
MISCEL1.ANKOIS.
"The Comforter" hesJuarters, "entrr of
Applied Christianity, Women's Kxchance
buildUiir. Fifth street Florence Cmw.
ford, speaker. Topic. It A. M.. "The Cold
of Caesur. which Is the second In the ser1-a.
"Treasure That Fatleth Not"; S 1 M.. - Sell
That Thou Hast.' second In the series on
"The Way of Life."
i