TTT"E RTTNDAT OKEGOXTAT7. rOTTTXATTO, 3fAT 14, 191C.
7
1 MlBltaDQte
-r iIFTY million dollars, at the lowest
H estimate, will be spent In 1916 on
-- our quadrennial political jag. It
Is a moderate estimate, for. by being
a little far fetched, it coula be doubled.
It may. Indeed, amount to a cool $100,
000,000. But a total expenditure of $50,000,000
means an expense of 53.50 per voter
and 50 cents per capita for the entire
population. It can be defended on the
Tom Reed theory that this Is a $50.
OGft.COO country.
Laws of recent years enacted by
Congress and most of the states requir
ing the filing of sworn statements of
the origin and disposition of campaign
funds have lately for the first tim3 in
the history of the Nation made avail
able fairly accurate data on the high
cost of politics in this country.
Politics come highest in Presidential
lection years, net only because of the
large expenditures of the National
committees but because three-fourths
of the 100,000 and more elective offi
cesNational, state, county and mu
nicipal are tilled at or about the same
time. Indeed, scarcely more than 6 per
cent of the total cost of politics for the
country as a whole will be borne by
the big party committees.
Some 200,000 individuals are now, or
eoon will be, seeking offices in the
United States. All will spend some
money, and money will be spent by
others for a great many of them. There
will be several thousand "campaign
committees" of various kinds and
Quality.
The taxpayers directly will have to
take care of the largest single item of
expense, that for the election machin
ery. In New York State alone the cost
of registering the voters and conduct
ing the November election will be about
$2,500,000. For all the states it will
amount to not less than $25,000,000.
Several hold their state elections on
dates other than for selecting a Presi
dent; one. Maine, has a different day
for choosing Congressmen. This makes
the election machinery almost doubly
costly in those states. Most of the
town and city elections, which will
take place In three-fourths of all the
-municipalities this year, will be on
other dates.
Loan to Business.
If you were to add to the direct ex
penses the indirect losses caused -by
"election year," such as the depressing
effect on business and the loss from
Industry of the time of the thousands
who will give several months of their
time to politics alone, not omitting the
celebration of election night a $500,000
Item In New YorK City alone; In other
words, if you were to figure the "cost"
as many figure that of the European
war, the expenses of our leap-year
political exercises would reach a total
of more than $500,000,000.
Some of the election reform legisla
tion of late years has tended to lower
the high cost of politics, while other
legislation has Increased It. The ne
cessity for filing statements of expen
ditures, now almost universal, makes
candidates and committees more cir
cumspect in soliciting and disposing of
funds. In quite a number of instances
expenditures are limited by law, and
to exceed the legal maximum disquali
fies the guilty candidate and makes
committeemen subject to Indictment.
The extension of the primary election
Idea has increased the expense because
It necessitates an extra election and
forces many candidates to make two
popular campaigns where one sufficed
before. About half as much money is
spent In the pre-convention a3 in the
post-convention contests.
The expenses or the National com
mittees of the two big parties rarely
fall below $2,000,000 and frequently go
beyond $5,000,000 in a Presidential year.
It Is generally admitted that the Re
publican National Committee of 1S96,
under the leadership of Mark Hanna,
first made "the roof the limit" in spend
ing money. The funds used to elect
McKinley have been estimated at from
$3,000,000 to $7,000,000. They probably
were nearest the last figures. How
ever, memoranda left by Cornelius N.
Bliss, who was treasurer of the com
mittee. Indicate that the funds passing
officially through the committee's
hands aggregated only $3,500,000. Ac
cording to the same data, the fund em
ployed to re-elect McKinley Jn 1900
was a "trifle below" $3,000,000. '
The Republican National Committee
usually disposes of the most funds. But
some Democratic National Committees
have been superb spenders. In 1892
not less than $2,000,000, perhaps a great
deal more, was used In electing Cleve
land, all of whose races were engi
neered by men who were adepts In
raising and generous in contributing
political funds. '
There are no authoritative data on
Democratic expenditures except for the
campaigns of 1908 and 1812. when the
expenses of the committee approxi
mated $1,000,000 for each year.
George B. Cortelyou. who was chair
man. Is authority for the statement that
the Republican National Committee
disposed of a little more than $2,000,000
to elect Roosevelt in 1904. Tbe elec
tion of President Taft in 1908 cost
nearly as much.
There are good data on all the cam
paigns of 1912 both before and follow
ing the conventions.
Those who sought the Democratic
nomination that year did so at a total
cost, in round figures, of $450,000.
divided as follows:
"Woodrow Wtlaon X2O2.O0O
Champ Clark ..... . 5o,0(
Oscar Vnuerwood ........ bl.OOO
Jutison Harmon 140.004
The campaigns of Taft and Roose
velt for the Republican nomination
cost 100.000 or so more and the sum
was divided about equally between
them.
Statements filed by all the com
mittees of parties running Presidential
candidates in 1912 shows receipts and
expenditures as follows:
Receipt. rMsbursemenra.
..XI. 0711,3(11 51 S1.U1.84S.3T
. . 1.1311. 446.83 1.134.S4-S.0O
a7,72.73 500.00
O4.ia0.8tf tt0.5UT.b
The general election of 1914 a non
Presidential year involved an expense
in New York State alone of more than
$4,000,000. Candidates and their spon
soring committees expended $1,500,000,
while the expense of preparing for
and holding the election cost the tax-
payers directly the startling: sum of
$2,600,000.
Committees filed statements showing
aggregate expenditure as follows:
.-5!o.Pi6.av
. 270,Ki.4J
. lIw.U04.tto
Republican
Deinocratia
ProRresBiv.
(Socialist
"Campaign statements" often are
most interesting for what they do not
show. None can very well Include
every Item of expense either of a
candidate or a committee. Many thou
sands of dollars are employed very
often without the official knowledge
of either. Then, as will be shown. It
is easy to juggle such statements, for
they are based on the third and worst
grade of lies statistics.
What Will Be Spent This Year.
National politics so far this year
have been rather inexpensive as com
pared with the preliminaries of 1912.
It is safe to predict that between $3.
000,000 and $4,000,000. and possibly a
great deal more, will be disposed of
in aiding the free and untrammelled
voters to select a Chief Magistrate.
What Presidential Campmiffrts Hare Cost.
1SH4 200.000
l7i .................... BOO.OOO
1SS4 .... 1.5"0.0"IO
If,',-' 8,(M0.t"O
....................... 6..0OO.0O0
i:no s.ooo.ooo
1!X4 .'. . 4.1'OO.f.HO
112
4. 0 10,000
6,000.000
But. as stated, the money employed
directly on behalf of the Presidential
candidates is a bagatelle as compared
with the total cost of "election year."
County committees
Suite committee-
Special committees
Some idea of the individual expendi
tures by candidates can be gained by
the fact that candidates for Congress
spent a total of $138,566.88.
The expenses of committees and can
didates as above did not include mu
nicipal contests or preliminary races.
If everything could be Included the to
tal probably would reach $4,000,000 or
more. That for an off year, so-called.
Further light on the subject of ex
penditures, aside from and In addition
to those for the promotion of Presi
dential candidacies, may be gained
from the statements filed by men who
were candidates for United States Sen
atorshlps in 1914. the first time Fed
eral Senators were chosen by popular
vote.
Only one-third of the Senate was
chosen that year, yet candidates for
the thirty -odd places managed to get
rid of $460,777.25 in impressing their
Senatorial qualifications on the voters
of SI states.
And half of it was their own moneyl
The rest was contributed by adherents.
Per capita expenditures averaged
$3074.63 for Democratic and $2852.44
for Republican candidates. If all the
Senate bad been up for election the
filling of 96 $7500 Jobs would have
involved campaign expenses of $1.
384,000. Large as the figures seem. In all
probability they represent less than
one-half, possibly less than a third,
of the actual expenses incurred by or
on behalf of candidates for places In
the Senate.
joker In Federal Publicity Act
For the act requiring candidates for
places in the United States Congress
to file statements relative to campaign
expenditures contains a very embrac
ing Joker" one that well-nigh nuli
fles the law as a practical measure.
It specirically excepts the "personal."
letter writing, circular sending, meet
ing promoting, expenses of candidate.
The exception is so broad that it can
be made to cover almost any kind of
expenditure except newspaper adver
tising, for almost any kind of political
work - " be included under this head
ing. A "worker" can be employed to
fold circulars, but be used really to
look after his friends. Even the most
scrupulous candidate has no occasion
to report the largest of all single cur
rent items of expense, 1. -. postage, or
the second, printing, or the third, cleri
cal help.
A further requirement of the law,
viz., that they shall report the origin
of all funds, tends to counteract tbe
"Joker." for' if one exceeds tbe $10,000
maximum legitimately one must say
who furnished the money.
But funds can easily be spent for a
candidate without his "knowledge and
consent," or that of the committee be
hind him.
The "knowledge and consent" phrase
, is peculiar to most so-called corrupt
practices acts, and it affords a loop
hole whereby even an honest candidate
may escape the reporting of more than
a mere tithe of the funds actually
used in his behalf. There frequently
is an enthusiastic coterie of friends
or relatives who. to make victory cer
tain, will expend large rum lndepend- funds a total of $1,000,000 to the Clave- l0g. More than one hundred thou- commercial nature, like printing, that
ently. land campaign of 1888, Scott la said sand persona contributed. One man la bought
The Federal law alms at covering to have given $250,000 of It. Ewlng. of Illinois collected $3000 In With all the modern office effieiency
such expenditures, too. by requiring William K. Vanderbllt 1 supposed to five and ten cent pieces. Many other that has been Introduced Into eem-
all "persons." as well aa candidates hafe contributed $150,000 to the Mc- Individuals and some newspaper pal in management politic still aro
and committees, to report such expend- Kinley campaign of 1896. A benevolent raised similar funds, and manv thou- very Inefficient and wasteful. It l
lturea, but it is largely nullified by an savings organization voted $25,000 to sands contributed to the fund of a lit- safe to say that 60 per cent of the
exception similar to that applying to tne same campaign "to protect Its do- tie more than a million dollars which money turned loose gets no result
candidates. - - posltors.- was raised. However, the big contrlb- whatever.
Therefore, a large number of "cam- How Ryan Paid the Bills. utor wa, necessary after all. Several This is because everything- U dona
paign expense" statements are scarcely Thomas F. Ryan was one of the best gaVB as much a $10,000 and Herman n hurry. Election day la certain,
more than Jokes, and at the same time -givers" of late years. He virtually Ridder. treasurer of the committee, developments are rapid and uncertain:
do not of necessity involve perjury. financed the Parker campaign cut 1904. gav $37,000. the manager cannot afford to wait
"Cmmiwlni Fund" No New Inveatloa. He first gave $100,000. National campaign are organized until he can find out definitely about
While the method of using and rals- "Toward the end of the campaign the wjth Infinite care and detail for both a situation, but often must act on ln
lng campaign funds on a large scale members of the committee came to roe," rai,ina. anj dispensing funds. Though complete information,
is of modern Invention, the "campaign wor Mr- Ryn. "and said when it collecting the "dough" call for skill. Grafters, under the various form of
fund" as an institution is as old as waa Perfectly evident that Judge Par- dipiomacy and ingenuity, getting rid of Political grafting, get perhap twenty
popular government itself. Sir Robert ked could not be elected that the cam- ,t most efficlously demands a much five per cent of all political fun da
Walpole waa probably a greater genius Paign would collapse unless they had nKBer orjer of genius. In some sections of the country the
than Richard Croker In handling such financial aid. and I made up my mind. A oanjpalKn headquarter 1 organ- donations candidate are forced to
funda He didn't hesitate in using even In the interest of the Democratic party. ,led M perrecUy aa offlc of a make to struggling churchee. lodges,
the publio money for paving the way nd through the Democratic party the banku But that for oetatL rii b, public bands. etx, mound Into tha
to Westminster for his adherent or lnteret. th peopl ' ' "d work 1. done by men capable of politl- thousands.
for Ireeplng them his adherent after contributed $350,000 and paid the debt . -....,.-, " V , . , M
they reached Parliament. of the committee, so that on the day C" -ner.lb.lP- How a National Committee' Fa.a Ce,
John Wilkes while boasting voclfer- before election every debt the Demo- .IZTnL.VntV ,T Sm' f hW M
ously that he had never taken and cratlo National committee had waa ,n the weak spot Jn the may be gathered from the following
would never give a bribe was paying Pd- - I did that because I did not "J!P "UCk ummary of expenditures of the Na-
50 a head for Berwick freemen, who "ant to see the Democratlo party dl- lno"B "f0" wun boldness and alert- tlonal Republican Committee in 191S:
failed to elect him, and 7000 in bulk integrate." S!?!.J. mZZ? porfoct General Income account ssot.82T.6T
for Aylesbury, which he won. Ever! the His $450,000 contribution is the larg- " "t,clp,lt "tack from A-:-dn'-7 ,41
government could not outbid him. est known lnglo one ever made In thl " , l'uxinii s.i;7i.j.7a
T Pi,.,Ar,,.,. . v, . , A political campaign 1 run very rnnting and psmphlsts
t-ora Chesterfield wrote that borough country. . . , . Travoirnr and tmikn en -.4
Jobber quoted him Parliamentary seat Mr. Ryan contributed "thirty-odd mluch on the same underlying prlnci- JJf'hi ,n5 u0i:::::::"
at from f 3000 to 5000. and at a much thousand dollars" to the Underwood pIe " military one. Po.'t.iT d Mlaxu" 'bV'-'oS
later date places in the English Parlla- pre-convention campaign of 1911 and , , . Original -nd. above Teiesrspri aAd" tep"noni," ierricV" asisiw
ment were odvertlsed for sale openly "somewhere between 70.000 and 80.000" 1J ' action. They Rent and furniture 15 7S.s J-a
in the public prints. ' to that of Governor Harmon, of Ohio. have little time to .Investigate and are ?a"' llkwioS
Th nnfori WnlliFlft 1.a4I" In "I wa not asked to contribute to tormented by hordes of would-be ad- General and Incidental expenses,
thunty of ""Cuni Mr. Clark or I would have done .0. or vlser. and ,., graftera No two politl- e.V.nd
cost three noble Lords a total of $1 to Mr- Wl3n. or I would have done caA right con be conducted in the transportation other man apeak-
600.000 and broke the two that lost. " a-ld ,am9 wa- A logan never survive, a r .
"Among the items of a bill of elec- Most big givers expect some return contest, and rarely doe an issue," Total m
tlon .xpTO.es Incurred by George the wo, of favor or honor. In case The public demand, novelty In politic. ST' i::"":::::::: ,SJ:S2
Wa.hfnn-tm in 1757 voV,. , the candidate 1 successful, though and Insists on being surprised.
ala onf barrel o, p'unch 'thlrfy-f.v. condition, are attached to gift The other day when the Roosevelt
gallons of wine and forty-three gallons tbe contributlons are declined. committee sent (2.000 telegram, into Tammany spend, from one-half to a
of hard elder" say Professor Henry x man entered the Chicago head.- Massachusetts, at a coat of $22,000. million dollars on an Important eleo-
Jones Ford in his "The Rise and Growth Juarters of the Republican committee more good probably was accomplished tlon ,n New York City. It take one
of American Polltlca" ,n 1904 and tendered a check of $20,000. than would have been done by the ex- hundred thousand dollar or more to
In the early days of Amerloan poll- 11 wa acc'Pted. After chatting a mo- pendlture of twice as much on speak- Provide worker at the poll on eleo-
tlcs. though candidates were put to ment or two ha mentioned the fact that er and literature. For the telegram, "on day.
heavy expense for entertaining the ha would be an applicant for a big were novel and dramatic. They "went A torchlight procession, once de
campaign fund in the modern sense was post ln diplomatic service and said home." scribed by Roosevelt as a "peculiar
virtually unknown. ne would Uk the managers to assist Mark Hanna waa a great political form of Idiocy particularly dear to the
The committee which directed Abra- hlm- general. In 1896. two weeks before n'nd of the average American voter."
ham Llncoln-a first race spent less than "Then I told him in the eircum- the election, he became convinced that ln New York costs from twsnty-flve
$1000. though his second cost $200 000. tances '' could not take his check Iowa wa lost to the Republicans. It to fifty thousand dollars. Happily.
and returned it." say Mr. Cortelyou. wa too late to save It by the usual they are becoming unfashionable.
Grant? Campaign. But it 1 noticeable, or coincidental, campaign methods, so he decided on a A Madison Square Garden meeUn
Grant first campaign marked the that many heavy giver, to various cam- per,0nal canvass, that Is. to have every will co.t a much.
beglnnlnB of large campaign fund. In, paign fund, have landed at big dlplo- voter vUUod ln pr.on. Th. uodertak. It often cost. a. much as a dollar a
National elections, but Samuel J. Til- matlo or other Important Governmental , required the organisation of an head to get a fair sired crowd of voter
den. who most perfectly of all Amerl- post. arniT ov.r nleht, but WM M Cut to a "rally" of the faithful,
can publio men had great genius for Haw g-a.ooo.ooo Will Be rt -Bdocsttoi u,. co.t of ,200.000 and the state was One .aled letter sent to every regl
both practical politic, and .tate.man- the Vo4er." a e . a.
orianf-re Bl.la. Cava ,1,000 fe. Defeat. 300.000 in postage. Other expense.
sueTb" dth."r co;tPt0ene..ln,BuPturt, fpr'.'-..::::::::::::::::::::: SXtSSi h candidate. ., hv. t w.-i mk. total cost about on.
. ,'rt , Tk i-uhiicity l.oio.ix-o bear the brunt of the expense of their million dollars.
C. Piatt t 'pct" m."od by"" Vu?" o'f hlTii 'and th.'atar.: .' ! 1 1 1 1 SKiSg campaign; those for President rare.y d - to give .van limits
rt, . f".. .,, Clerical help i.m..im. make heavy contributlona It Is not distribution to a speech.
VlZ?frlJo?n t'XF-tf'T.::: considered good taste, and. besides, the Some campaign orator, com. higX
hairine.. printinr s.oon.ooo candidate usually are relatively poor though many take only expenses, and
The dav of the -hi, b.ar" has "VVorl"" .M.uua me1. .ome don't do that. It 1. said that aa
.. . i.tl nubllcitv comn.l. env- Many. however, give out of pure But James O. Blaine gave $135,000 much aa $10,000 has been paid a single
nl.r m.n..T. . fn. th. ht.iv Ponin8 impulse or for sentimental for th. privilege of being defeated la speaker. Tbe average spellbinder get
of the?und. on the verv nubHo on r"on- Kom "b.tantlal im. . ,;ave an original contribution W nJght or about i0. when so em-
whom they are nent. In the old days Um" anonymou, nd widowed women f $15,000 and when the committee ployed by the week.
when a aunnalsm laiMd aomeon. with of Inen &ave been known to .end In wound up with $100,000 of debt, h Campaigner, are using .tratght ad
talent for "inakln down th pTum CheCl" toT " mUCh " 10-000 OUt Ct "rota a check for the amount. He vertlsing in the newspapers and perl
tree" was appealed to and he would pur a,ld una,Io'r', sentiment for the wa- 4 u would be returned, but It odlcal. more and more for putttng
grab the telephone and exchange con- p""ty or tb candidate. waa not Ml h, h booa their claim before the public It la
versatlon for $10,000 checks. Bejrgln- by Bctentlfle Ilnlo. "Twenty Tears tn Congress." to ' re- not unlikely that $10,000,000 will ba
Marshall Jewell when chairman of "The work of collecting the fund," coup the loss, so It 1. .aid. .pent that way thl. year,
the Republican National committee .ay. George B. Cortelyou. of the Re pub- Campaign, often wind up heavily ln There are .aid to be more then on
raised $170,000 ln a single day In Boston llcan campaign of 1904. "wa. carried debt. That of the Republican, ln 1888 hundred thousand professional Portl
and Levi P. Morton once did better ln on by a force of 700 or 800 persona collapsed with a debt of more than a clan outside of office holders that la.
New York by raising $300,000 ln the scattered throughout the country, with million. nt who ,lva- but sometime, don't
same length of time. organised bureau. In large cities." Most bualnea. concern, are very tn- thrive on campaign, of some kind.
The "big giver" also has seen hi. day. A subscription book schema worked different about crediting a "campaign Lord Bryc. estimate, th.t there are
Committee, are afraid to touch contrl- beautifully ln that campaign and helped committee" unless It. bill, are Indorsed only 8500 professional politician, ln all
button, larger than $10,000. to Induce .ome 4000 different lndl- by .ome Individual able to pay them. England, and these include member
A dozen men. Including William I vlduals to contribute. Poor credit and other thing, compel of Parliament, writer, and other, who
Scott. William C. Whitney and Oliver Perhap the most popular of all committee to pay from 10 to 85 per are but Indirectly associated with prao-
H. Payne, gave out of their private funds was that raised for Bryan In cent more for nearly everything of a tical polltlca
Tom f ryah
kept Tnt
iApy FROM
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CPurrr ajwT
MAKK HAMNA PERmrp.
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ftORS THAN ?:5,rlQ 'L
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MLuH-n
HAND OF TRAGEDY EVER CASTS ITS SHADOW ON ROYAL NURSERIES
BY F. CUNLIFPE-OWEN.
QUEEN MARIE AMELIE will cele
brate a few days hence, at her
quiet home at Richmond, one of
the most picturesque and charming
suburbs of London, the ISth anniver
sary of her marriage to the late King
Carlos, and many kindly and sym
pathetic thoughts will go out on that
day in Portugal, ln France and in .
England to this royal lady, who. In
spite of the fact that her life may be
caid to have been darkened by many
tragedies, still remains so bravely
cheerful, so smiling, so flowing over
with optimlem as to bring comfort and
sunshine to the bedside of all those
wounded soldiers to whom she has been
devoting herself since the beginning of
the present war.
Empress Eugenie has often been de
scribod as-one of the most tragic fig
ures ln Europe and as having been
called upon to bear a succession of
calamities such as rarely fall to the
lot of any human being. But fate has
been infinitely more cruel to Queen
Marie Amelie. Born in exile as the
daughter of that Comte de Paris who
served on the staff of General George
B. McClellan during the War of the
Rebellion, she came Into the world at
Twickenham, on the Thames. After
the war of 1S70 her father was per
mitted to return to France, but 15
years later the entertainment given
at his home in Paris on the occasion
of her engagement to the then Crown
Prince of Portugal led to so remark
able, a manifestation of affection and
" of loyalty on the cart of the royalist
and of general popular sympathy that
the republican government of tbe day
became alarmed and once more drove
the Comte de Paris, with his wife and
children; into exile in England, where
he died without ever seeing again tbe
land of his birth.
The Assassination.
It was an inauspicious prelude to tho
marriage of his eldest and favorlta
daughter, Marie Amelia a marriage
which, as we all know, was brought to
so terrible a close on that February
day ln 1908 when not only her husband,
but also her eldest son, was riddled
with bullets while driving with her
through the streets of Lisbon, she her
self receiving a wound, fortunately
not serious, while endeavoring to shield
her dead ones with her own body from
harm. She was called upon to endure
all sort of Ignominy heaped by the
populace upon the remains of her hus
band and. of her first-born on the day
of their public obsequies and to wit
ness the glorification of the murderers
by the mob.
For the next two and. a half years
she acted as the guardian angel of her
only remaining son. King Manuel, en
deavoring with all her might and main
to fit him for those duties of sover
eignty for which, by reason of his
youth and Inexperience, ha wa Ln no
wise prepared.
Butthe revolutionary element was
too strong, and In the Fall of 1910 a re
bellion broke out at Lisbon, and after
the partial destruction of tbe royal pal
ace by gunfire, on shell actually
wreaking the bedroom in which ha had
been sound asleep a quarter of an hour
previously, he wa forced to flee, with
his mother, for his life, to embark at
a remote spot on the seacoast, some
miles distant from Lisbon, and to seek
refuge with her. first at Gibraltar,
where they arrived wtlh nothing but
tbe clothes on their backs, and after
ward ln England, where they have
made their home ever since.
These and other misfortunes ln the
career of Queen Marie Amelie are fairly
familiar to the public. People also are
aware of the manner ln which she
nursed those stricken with the horrible
bubonic plague at tbe time when it
raged at Lisbon; how she was the first
member of any of the sovereign house,
of Europe to allow herself to be inocu
lated with the antl-Jlphtherla vaccine,
thereby not only dispelling the fear, of
the people ln Portugal concerning it.
use. but also enabling her personally
to take charge of the nursing ln the
great hospital which she had built and
endowed for the treatment of diph
theria at Lisbon, where the disease had
been until then a long-standing scourge
of the city. That she wears among her
order, a medal for saving life, earned
by Jiving into the water, of tbe Tagu.
from the royal yacht to rescue a drown
ing boy. whose boat had capsized. Is
also no secret.
But what 1 not generally known la
the fact that she bears on her body
the scars of burns received while pre
serving her eldest boy from being
burned in his cradle. The latter had
ln some manner caught fire, and the
nurse. Instead of auusvun to x
tinguiBh the flame, or to remove the
child, utterly lost their heads and fled,
shrieking, through the corridor, of the
old royal palace of the Necessldadea,
at Lisbon. Fortunately, Marie Amelie
heard their cries, rushed to the scene
and snatched the little fellow from the
blaze before he had received any lut
ing Injury.
Marie Amelie. however, wa quite
badly burned and. being in very deli
cate health at the time, suffered se
verely. Indeed, the shock of the entire
affair resulted ln her bringing Into
the world shortly afterword, prema
turely, a still-born daughter.
The late King Victor Emmanuel of
Italy wa likewise almost bnrned to
death ln hi cradl. and for many year,
there used to be a widespread popular
belief. Industriously fostered by the
Austrian enemies of the house of Sa
voy, to the effect that he had really
perished ln the flame and tbat the
Infant .on of hi. peasant wet nurse
had been substituted in hi stead, with
or without the knowledge of the par
ents. The many peasant tastes and
trait, of the Re Gallant' Uomo. which
.0 endeared hlm to hi people and
which brought him into such do.
touch and sympathy with them, used
to be cited by way of confirmation of
thl. utterly fantastical story.
No nurserle. are th object of great
er solicitude than those of the reign
ing houees of the Old World, for not
only considerations of parental affection
but likewise of vast political Impor
tance are Involved ln the welfare of
their youthful inmates.
anntetd. tha interest of aa an tlx. na
tion, aa well a It relation to th
various foreign power, are often cen
tered upon the life of a tiny bairn,
which, however much it may be tended
by it royal mother and by the great
ladle, of the aristocracy who are re
sponsible to the crown, to tbe govern
ment and to the people for It safety.
Is. nevertheless, dependent, like every
other child, upon the devotion of the
nurses. It is therefore natural that
the utmost care should be observed In
the selection of the nurse, usually
English or Scotch women, to whom the
earliest training of the future ruler,
of the monarchical countrie. of the
Eastern Hemisphere la Intrusted.
Yet. ln spite of all this, tragedlea in
royal nurserle are by no mean un
known. In fact, when on reflect upon
the threat which th Tsar and Tsarina
were at one moment constantly receiv
ing of the murder of their children and
the attempt, made ln the past to kid
nap King Alfonso during hi. Infancy,
and also the children of King Ferdi
nand of Bulgaria. It I surprising that
tragedies of royal nurserle. should not
be more frequent.
Twlc. ha th reigning house of
He.. been overtaken by calamine, of
thl kind during the lifetime of the
now reigning Grand Duke. The Drat
occasion wa ln 1178. when th Grand
Duke, then a boy of I. was playing
with his 8-year-old brother. Prince
Frederick, and the latter fell out of
th window of the palace at Darmstadt.
Of course, it wa. do. to the negli
gence of hi. nurse that th little fel
low, a favorite ArrandchLVd, of tho lata
Queen Victoria, had been able to climb
up on th window .111 an J to fall out.
crushing hi. skull on th. flagstones of
the courtyard two stories below, and
had It not been for the fact tbat the
Grand Duke, divorced from his first
wife, has now several .on. by hi. sec
ond marriage to Inherit hi. throne, the
latter would, owing to the loss of hi
younger brother. Frederick. have
passed to a distant branch of the fam
ily, of wholly Prussian nationality,
much to the dismay of th people of
Heme.
Grand Duke Ernest of Hesse hsd a
very -iretty little daughter by his first
wife. Princess Victoria Mellta, of Great
Britain and Coburg. now married to
the Grand Duke Cyril of Russia. Thl.
little girl's name was Elizabeth, and on
account of her beauty and sprightly
cleverness she was a universal favor
ite and the only tie between her par
ents after the estrangement.
While staying with her uncle and
aunt, the present Tsar and Tsarina, at
their picturesque country seat ln Po
land, she succumbed, at the age of 7.
to poison, which, according to some,
wa of a ptomaine character, and ac
cording to other, some food or drink
th.t had been specially "fixed" by the
Nihilists for tbe purpose of taking the
life of Emperor Nlcholaa
To thl day a veil of mystery rest
on th accident of some kind or other
which had tbe effect of crippling the
young Tsarovltch for so long. Fortu
nately, he ha. now entirely recovered.
Hut for the apace of two years the
little boy was unable to walk, and had
to -be carried about everywhere by a
trapping Cossack attendant, his aspect
exciting universal sympathy and giv
ing rise to fear, that he would never
live to .ucceed his father on the throne,
an sort of aioxia war ouxraot aa
to the origin and nature of his in
juries, concerning which some of tha
most eminent surgeons In Europe were
consulted. According to some reporta
he had sustained serious hurts In some
boyish play. According to others be
bad been wounded by an attempt on
his life when on board tbe Imperial
yacht, it being pointed out In support
of this latter theory that the big sailor
who from the time that the Tsarovltch
was 8 years old had been his chief play
mate, watchdoir and constant compan
ion) disappeared at about that time,
while the admiral commanding the Im
perial yacht had committed suicide at
Petrograd under circumstances and for
reasons that have never been disclosed.
Prince and Princess Mirko of Monte-
negro, who have now three little boys,
aged 8, 0 and four, had formerly two
elder sons, Stephen and Rtanislaa, who,
if they Jjad lived, would have been 18
and 11 years old, respectively. When
Stephen wa 8 years old both he and
his yottnger brother. Stanislas, were
suddenly stricken with acute tubercu
losis of the lungs, and only then, too
late, was It discovered that one of the
nurserymaids waa afflicted with the
malady, which she had communicated
to her young charges, who, in spue of
the efforts cn the part of the greatest
specialist In Europe to arrest the prog
ress of the disease, succumbed thereto
within hve week, of one another.
Stephen dying at Cannes. In the French
Klverel. and 8-year-old Stanislaus at
Cattaro. The little bora, by the by.
bad an American aunt. For their
mother', only brother, Vladimir Con
st antlnovltch. Is married to the former
Mias Anna Cutting, of New York, m hoae
tint buaband was Baron de Vrlera. of
Belgium, whose home Is In the Champs
Elyaees. at Paris, but who ha been
living her since tha b'nnlr; of th