THE SUNDAY OltEGOXTATSV PORTIiATTU- APRIL 9, 1916. DATE FOB RAILWAY STRIKE DRAWS HEAR Eight-Hour Day Demand Ef fective April 29300,000 Men Are Involved. WHOLE COUNTRY AFFECTED Managers Say Working Basis as Pro posed Simply Means Vast Wage Increase Men Reply Cut Out All Overtime. YTnless the managers, trainmen and enginemen of the railroad in the United States are able to agree on a new basis of employment before April 29. a strike involving 300,000 men and 280.000 miles of lino probably will ensue. Every railroad. In the country, and some in Canada, will be tied up If the strike is called. And unless the raan agers accede to the men's demands or negotiations for a settlement are not entered into before that date, the strike doubtless will be called. That is the present expressed Intention of the men, who submitted their proposals to the managers on March 29. The word "demands" in the forego ing parargaph is used advisedly, for that is the term employed by the men, as well as by the managers, in discuss ing the proposed employment basis. The present difference between the railways and the employes Is not based, exactly, on the rate of wages, but that question is indirectly Involved. Simply stated, the men are asking for an eight-hour day. While that is all they are asking for, the railroads declare their inability to grant it without increasing the wages paid to the men by $100.000.00T) a year. While both sides are agreed that the men's demands, technically, provide merely for an eight-hour day, instead of 10 hours as at present, they are de cidedly at -variance in interpreting what the effects of an eight-hour schedule will be. Pay Contention Advanced. The managers declare that the eight hour proposal is being used merely as a means of increasing the pay of the men from 25 per cent to 87 per cent, and point out. in substantiation of this theory, that the schedule provides for time and a half for all overtime in ex cess of eight hours. The men insist that they are sincere in their desire to limit the day's work to eight hours, and declare they have no intention, and even no hope, of add ing to their earnings by working longer. "If the railways complain that 'time-and-a-half means in some instances an increase, let them avoid the increase by avoiding the overtime, for that is the purpose and the desire of the em ployes," Bay the men. Complicating the situation, so far a the aspect of the general public is con cerned, is the fact that railroad men's wages are computed partly on a mile age basis and partially on an hourly baa la. In other words, 100 miles and 10 hours now axe considered the 'basis of a day's work Xor all road crews. If the 100-mile run is completed in less than 10 hours, the day's work is complete. If the crew runs more than 100 miles in 10 hours they are paid pro rata for the additional miles they run. If It take smore than 10 hours to complete their 100-mile run they are pakl pro rata for the additional time. Right Hours Ia Maximum. Now the new demands of the men do not propose the mileage, basis, but would make eight hours instead of 10 hours the maximum of the day's work. Passenger crews generally complete their runs in less than eight hours, so the new schedule would not affect them. Passenger service is not Includ ed in the new demands. What the managers refer to as a serious difficulty is the effect that the proposed schedule will have on ter minals. Railroad terminals now are generally located bo that the distance between them can be made with a freight train in approximately 10 hours, with as little overtime as possible. "Therefore." the managers say, in re ply to the men, "the running time can not be reduced without reducing the tonnage of the trains. This would de prive the roads of one of their most im portant means of increasing the effi ciency of operation, besides increas ing the number of trains operated. This would require more crews and delay the movement of trains. It is therefore evident that if the proposed increases in wages were allowed the railroads would be forced to choose between paying out large sums for overtime and changing the location of their ter minals. This latter step would be seri ously felt not only by the railroad em ployes, but by the towns now built up around railroad terminals. "Which al ternative would be adopted would de pend entirely on whether the annual Interest on the cost of the new ter minals would exceed the annual in crease in wages due to overtime." More Speed Indicated. In reply to this contention, the men declare that the railroads are easily able to increase the operating speed of their freight trains to make the run between terminals possible within eight hours. Improved and more powerful locomotives will make this possible, they say. Under present conditions the freight trains are scheduled to move at the rate of 10 miles an hour. Under the proposed schedule they would- be re quired to run at the rate of 12 miles an hour. The precise language in which the demands are couched Is as follows: "Article 1. (a) In all road nervlca 100 miles or less, eight hours or less. win constitute a day. except In passen ger service. Miles in excess of 100 will be paid for at the same rate per mile. (b On runs 100 miles or less overtime will begin at the expiration of eight nours. icj on runs or over 100 miles. overtime will begin when the time on duty exceeds the miles run divided by I2y3 miles per hour, (d) AH overtime to be computed on trie minute basis and paid for as time and one-half times the pro rata rate, (e) No one shall receive less for eight hours or 100 miles than they now receive for a minimum day or 100 miles for the class of engine used or for service performed, (f) Time w;ll be computed continuously from time required for duty until released from duty and responsibility at end of day or run. ' "Article 2. (a) Eight hours or less will constitute a day in all yard" and witching service. The minimum day's pay for eight-hour yards shall not be less than the present day's pay lor 10 hour yards. - Provided, that in yards having a minimum day of more than 10 hours, the present day's pay as" in effect January 1, 1916, will be continued with the eight-hour day. (b) Time to be computed continuously from time required for duty until released from duty and responsibility at end of day or run. All over eight hours within any 24-hour period to be comunted and paid for at the rate of time and one half time, (c) All overtime to be com puted on the minute basis. "Article 3. (a) Eight hours or less at present 10-hours' pay will consti tute a day's work in hostling service, (b) Time to be computed continuously from time required for duty until re leased from duty and responsibility at end of day or run. All over eight hours within any 24-hour period to be computed and paid for at the rate of time and-one-half time, (c) All over- Be Careful in Using Soap on Your Hair Most soaps and prepared shampoos contain too much alkali, which is very Injurious, as it dries the scalp and makes the hair brittle. The best thing to use is Just plain mulsined cocoanut oil, for it i.i pure and entirely greaseless. It's very cheap, and beats the most expensive soaps or any thing else all to pieces. You can get this at any drug store, and a few ounces will last the while family for months. Simply moisten the hair with water and rub It In, about a teaspoonf ul Is all that is required. It makes an abundance of rich, creamy lather, cleanses thor. oughly and rinses out easily. The hair dries quickly and evenly, and is soft. fresh looking, bright, fluffy, wavy, and easy to handle. Besides. It loosens and takes out every particle of dost, dirt an1 dtruf.-Ad.jr, BIRTH RATE FALLING Peril to Civilization Seen in Great Decline, INDUSTRY TODAY BLAMED 'Growing TTmvlllinjrness to Accept Duties and Responsibilities of Motherhood" Asserted as Cause by Scientist. LONbON, April 1, The subjett of the decline of birth rate in European countries is discussed at length in the Journal of State Medicine by Sir Thomas Oliver, of the University of Durham, the famous British authority on occupational diseases. "The increasing absorption of young women into spheres of commercial and MEMBERS OF UNIVERSITY OF OREGON Y. M, C A. DEPUTATION TEAM. br ' . . . fi . - XfcZ i ' sC ''-' A"- i - j If nfers. r 33 Beginning today the deputation team of the University of Oregon T. M. C. A. -will conduct meetings In Portland and other cities in Oregon during the week. The team is composed of J. r. Foster, general secretary of the Uni versity of Oregon Y. M. C. A., and Randall Scott, John Black and Ray Hausler. The team's purpose is to teach young people of the state what higher Christian education means. The first meeting in Portland will be held at 7:30 o'clock tonight at the Westminister Presbyterian Church. The team will visit the Lincoln High School at 9 o'clock tomorrojr morning and Jefferson High School at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. Meetings will be held Tuesday. Wednesday and Thursday afternoons and nights in the Hood River High and grammar schools. Meetings will be held Friday, Saturday and Sunday in The Dalles. time to be computed on the minute basis. Higher Rates to Stand. 'Article 4. Any rates of pay, includ ing mileage or arbitrary differentials that are higher, or any rules or con ditions of employment contained in in dividual schedules in effect January 1, 1916, that are more favorable to the employes, shall not be modified or affected by any settlement reached in connection with these proposals. The general committee representing the employes on each railroad will deter mine which is preferable and advise the officers of their company. Nothing in the settlement that may be reached on the above submitted articles is to be construed to deprive the employes on any railroad from retaining their pres ent rules and accepting any rates that may be agreed upon or retaining their present rates and accepting any rules that may be agreed upon." In commenting on these demands. the managers point out that these rules provide neither for a minimum nor for a maximum day of eight hours, but by requiring the same pay for eight hours as is now paid for 10 hours they increase the wage rate per hour 25 per cent, and they make one hour's work the equivalent of 12 Vi miles in stead of 10 miles, thus reducing the time after which overtime begins, and increasing the hourly rate for over time to 50 per cent more than the new regular hourly rate. Example Is Cited. The managers use as an example an engineer now paid at the rate of $5.60 for 10 hours, or 56 cents an hour. who would be paid under the new rules at the rate of 70 cents an Hour, which is an increase of 25 per cent, and for overtime at the rate of $1.0o an hour, instead of 56 cents, as at present. an increase of BTVs per cent. Another example that they use to Illustrate the change in wages Is this: A man whose run now takes 10 hours for 10O miles or less, or a man em ployed in yard, worktrain. pusher, or helper service, who is paid on an hourly basis, at a rate of 4 a day. or 4t cents an hour, would be paid, under the pro posed rules," for eight hours at 60 cents. or 4. plus two hours at v& cents tone and one-half times 60 cents), or J5.50. which is an increase of $1.50 a day, or 37 per cent. (Article 1 a. b.) If he should work la hours witnout exceeding 10-0 miles he would be paid, under the new rules, $4 for eight hours. plus four hours' overtime at T5 cents. or a total of $7 instead or 4, pius two hours at 40 cents, $4.80, an increase of 45 per cent. (Article 1 a. b.) A man who runs more tnan ion miles would receive pay for his full mileage. and If he made less than 124 miles per hour he would also receive over time at a rate 874 per cent higher than the present rate. (Article 1, c.) The reply of the men to all these citations is for the railroad managers to re arrange their service so as to reduce overtime to a minimum. The only reason they advance for the high overtime rate Is that it is a puni tive measure to enforce the eight hour schedule. BULLETS IN GUN STOCKS Wooden Parts of ew Weapons Pierced by Shot in Former Wars. CHESTER. Pa., April 2. Employes of the Remington Arms Company's plant at Eddystone in turning out gun stocks for the allies have made the in teresttng discovery that they are con' stantly coming across bullets Imbedded in the rough walnut stocks. These stocks are shipped to Eddystone in the rough from points in the West and South and stored in an immense dry kiln. It is considered not improbable that the bullets may have been buried in the trunks of the walnut trees either in the war of half a century ago or longer ago, in the days of bloody strife between the "noble red men of the forest" and the settlers of the West. Kailroad Grants Wage Increase. RICHMOND, Va., April 8. The Che 8 apeake & Ohio Railroad announced from its general offices here today a 6 per cent increase to s)00'( machinist? telegraph operators and laborers on all divisions in settlement of their wage controversy. The Increase will total industrial activity." he writes, "while tending to lighten the burden of paren tal obligation, is creating problems "which in their final issue concern the future of the race. Home Instincts Weakened. "As effects of the withdrawal of fe male life into industry, mention may be made of the weakening of the home in stincts, a love of independence and a growing taste for pleasure and excite ment. so that if marriage is entered upon there is a growing unwillingness to accept the duties and responsibilities of motherhood." In his conclusions Sir Thomas comes directly at the civilization of the times. He points out how local expedients like industrial legislation are purely tem porary, how checking the sale of drugs and such methods are merely skimming the surface, and calls attention to the fact that evolution is at work and that the race that for its own ease seeks to set aside the natural courses Is merely playing a brief game where nature ia sure to win. The root of the difficulty of which decrease in birth rate is a symptom lies aeep ana may presage the decline and fall of another civilization. AVhat Investigation Showed. When the German birth rate began to show material decline the government investigated. It waa found that the for eign element reproduced at a higher rate, and this being true in Poland, with its own language and national characteristics, it was evident to the authorities that there would be raised problems of politics, government and religion. The Germans likewise deter mined that the greater falling off was among the better classes. There were attempts to correlate the greater losses with the university and educated classes, the element which it is most essential to conserve. The problem that the nations face is to avoid the rate of Rome and Athens. It is claimed that these great civiliza tions fell because of the insufficient number of children born within the leading races. Since the battle of Waterloo, a cen tury ago. France has increased one. third. Great Britain and Ireland have aouDiea in population. Germany has quadrupled hers and Finland has in creased three times. Italy stands at one-nair more than In Napoleon's day, and Austria has increased 150 per cent. xjt. uiiver lurnisnes some Interesting figures, on authority of Fricks, regard- PHRCEXTAGE OF DECUXE IX BIRTH RATE IX VARIOUS COUNTRIES DCRI.XG PAST 30 TEARS. Per cent. Russia . i Austria . . 12 Italy 13 Finland ........ , .... .13 Germany ........... 18 Holland 19 Denmark . . ... . . . . ....... ..12 Switzerland .... 1 2 Norway ... .........16 Sweden ..-.-.... 14 England . .. . ...... 25 Belgium . . . 21 France 21 Boston 8 Note Figures for the entire United States not being availa ble, those for Boston are added for comparison, covering 20 out of the 30 years. The 0surdr on OOt Tire- SEE and Why. -'l ll nil 1 1 v - J I I II Vn-;- ml c ?v 1 NSt Mtfijl I , . " V .7- r --s m V --"-. " g WHEN you take your Shoes off tonight do this: Bear your weight on your right Foot and, with out lifting it off the floor, press it forward and back ward firmly. Then observe that only the bony and muscular Structure of your Foot moves forward and backward, while its Sole stays fixed on the floor. That demonstrates the rolling motion of flesh and muscle, the elastic Cushion quality "vhich reduces friction in walking, and prevents slipping (backward, forward, or sideways). It supplies that CLING quality, which gives Traction without Friction. It protects the Bone3 and Sinews of the Foot against the Wear and Tear of action, as a lubricant protects Metal moving parts, while providing the wonderful "Barefoot" hold on slippery surfaces. That ROLLING MOTION, then, is the ideal aimed at in this Clingy, Springy, and Stretchy black "Barefoot" Rubber of 1916 Goodrich Tires. 0NSIDER now the means by which many Tires have been given maximum lraction, i.e., by means of a sand- tanery" texture in the Rubber of their Anti-Skid Treads. Everr time the Brakes are nut on. to make such. Tires c-rm t.h road, the relatively hard, unyielding, and comparatively brittle, texture of the Rubber in their Treads causes these Treads to grind away on the pavement, to WEAR OUT fast at the point of contact. The sudden efficiency of their grinding-Traction also tugs so sharply on the Rubber Adhesive between the layers of Fabric in Tire as to scpnctt thess I&ycrs There is little "give" to them just as there is little "slide" to them. So, they gain Traction at the expense of Mileage. Naturally such Tires require a great BULK of such Rubber in order to deliver reasonable Mileage before worn out. And, therein they differ radically from GOODRICH "Barefoot" Tires. Because, the Safety-Tread on Goodrich Tires is made of "Barefoot-Rubber," a new, and exclusive compound which discards all un necessary whitish "frictional" ingredients that are heaviest and inert, as proved by its lighter weight. H ' ERE is how it acts in Automobiling, When the weight of the Car bears on this clmgmjr 'Barefoot-Rubber" Tread, and the cower is aDDlied to e-o ahead or reverse, the wonderful stretch in the "Barefoot" Rubber bole (or Tread) of the Goodrich Tire acts as a sort of Lubricant between the Fabric Structure of the Tire and the Road. Then, the -Bareoo-Rubber "Toes, "of the Goodrich Safety-Tread Tire, CLING to the pavement (instead of grinding against it), in such manner as your Bare Foot would cling to a slippery surface without Grind, and so, with the minimum of Frictional Heat or Wear for maxi mum Traction. Goodrich "Barefoot-Rubber" is now made into Goodrich FABRIC Tires, Goodrich Silvertown Cord Tires, Goodrich Inner Tubes, Goodrich Truck Tires, Goodrich Motor Cycle, and Bicycle, Tires, as) well as into Goodrich Rubber Boots, Over-Shoes, Soles and Heels. Get a Sliver of it from your nearest Goodrich Branch, or Dealer. Stretch it thousands of times, but break it you can't. That's the Stuff that GOODRICH Black-Tread Tires are made of. (TM .Ford Sixes. 30 a 3 30x34J 32 x 3ft 33 x 4 Safety Tread. 34x4 "Fair-LUt1'.. 36 x 4& 37x5 38 X Shi f $10.40 IS 13.40 ..$15.45 ..S22.0O ..$22.40 ,..$31.60 ..$37.35 S5C.60 The B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co. Akron, Ohio Local Address Broadway at Burnside lng the population of ancient Rome and modern Italy. The number of Inhabi tants at 220 B. C. is set at 22,000.000. By 2 A. D. it was less than half this figure and decreased to 5.000.000 two centuries later. At the opening of the second Punic war there were 270.000 citizens fit to bear arms and at the time of Augustus there was doubt whether 45,000 men could be raised. This reduc tion took place during a long period of peace and is an example of a nation which has attained a high position rn civilization and then throws aside those Implements which have enabled her to gain this position. "A nation's worth." writes Sir Oliver, 'Tike a nation's hope, rests not neces sarily on one class of society, but upon tne memoers or all classes who are thrifty, who are leading normal lives and who are discharging simple duties 1 "I JBU12 U14 ta FARMERS OPERATE TOWN IOWA HAMLET HAS POPl'LATIOV OF ONLY 10O. Fernald Is Social Centex- for Agricul turalists of Surroondiiur Dis tricts Acreage High. DES MOESTES. April 1. Out on the prairies of Iowa is one of the most novel towns In the country. There Is no bickering between townspeople and rural residents, as is often the case. The farmers for miles around feel per fectly free to go to town without wear ing starched shirts and collars. There Is an air of mutual interest between town and country which would gladden the heart of any rural life expert. The reason for this is that the town ia owned by the farmers themselves. When he goes to town to buy a bar of soap or a new plow, the farmer buys of himself, or rather he is a part ner in the store. When he goes to the elevator he sells to his company the grain he has brought in. Perhaps his next stop will be at a bank owned and managed by the farmers themselves. The town Is named Fernald. AH or its business enterprises are owned by farmers living within a radius of three or four miles. Though built 14 years ago, when the railroad was built, Fer- nald has a population of only 100, ana probably will not grow much larger in the years to come Decause or tne near ness of numerous other towns. But this does not mean that Fernald does not expect to grow and prosper, for the far sighted farmers who own the town do practically all of their trading there Instead of patronizing mail order houses or buying in neighboring towns. In fact, the town is just a big social center for the whole community. The town was founded by the farm ers in order to avoid making long hauls in delivering crops to the rail road. A line elevator was built shortly after the town was founded, but it waa not until about two years ago that it was purchased by a group of farmers operating under the name of the Farm ers' Grain company. H. S. Fleagle, the farmer who put through the deal, was made manager of the elevator. This investment proved a wise one, for In the first year under the . new manage ment the elevator paid ia profit of 85 per cent on the 5000 capital. The Farmers' Lumber company was orcranizea by four farmers with oapi talizatlon of $6400. Mr. Fleagle also manages the affairs of this company and its $10,000 stock. Another enter prise founded by the farmers was the Farmers' Co-operative ilercanlllo com pany. After a brief period of competi tion, the rival mercantile store waa compelled to close its doors, leaving MUtSe3entr joJ town; pa& 4tfl business affairs entirely in the hands of the farmers themselves. The toivn's founders then established the Farmers' Savings bank, with, capi tal of $10,000. The deposits have reached the $40,000 mark in three years. Mr. Fleagle's ability for man agement was recognized a third time when he was made vice-president of the bank. Fernald is in Richland township in Story County. Extensive use of tile has converted the ordinary praire land into some of the most valuable farms in the state. Prices range from $200 to $250 an acre. NEWSPAPER MADE BY VOICE -Oral Sheet" Issued by Pnsiils in Minneapolis Public School. MINNEAPOLIS. April 2. In medie val times the herald shouted the news through the streets because printing LADIES! DARKEN YOUR GRAY HAIR Use Grandma's Sage Tea and Sulphur Recipe and Nobody f Will Know. The use of Sage and Sulphur for re storing faded, gray hair to its natural color dates back to grandmother's time. She used to keep her hair beautifully dark, glossy and attractive, wnenever her hair took on that dull, faded or streaked appearance this simple mix ture was applied with wonderful effect. But brewing at home is mussy and out-of-date. Nowadays, by asking at any drug store for a 50-cent bottle of "Wyeth's Sage and Sulphur Compound" you will get this famous old prepara tion, improved by the addition of other Ingredients, which can be depended upon to restore natural color and beau ty to the hair. A well-known downtown druggist says it darkens the hair so naturally and evenly that nobody can tell it has been applied. Tou simply dampen a sponge or soft brush with It and draw this through your hair, taking one strand at a time. By morning the gray hair disappears, and after another ap plication or two it becomes beautifully dark and glossy. Wyeth'H Sage and Sulphur Compound is a delightful toilet requisite for those who desire a more youthful appear ance. It is not intended for the cure. mitigation-or prevention oX disease. Ad-S - had not been invented and the major ity of the people could not read, any way. One of the few survivals of the "oral" newspaper is found at Bremer school. "Echoes of Bremer" is published from the auditorium platform by word of mouth and arouses as much enthusiasm and calls for as clever thought as though the contents were recorded OD the printed page. This paper is published weekly. An adult man prnouces In 24 hour enough hPHt in boil five or six pints of water. A SPOONFUL OF SALTS RELIEVES ACHING KIDNEYS We Eat Too Much Meat, Which Clogs Kidneys, Says Noted Authority. If Back Hurts or Bladder Both ers, Stop All Meat for a While. When you wake up with headache and dull misery in the kidney region It generally means you have been eating too much meat, says a well-known au thority. Meat forms uric acid which overworks the kidneys in their effort to filter it from the blood and they be come sort of paralyzed and loggy. When your kidneys get sluggish and clog you must relieve them, like you do your bowels; removing all the body's urinous waste, else you have headache, sick headache, dizzy syells; your stom ach sours, tongue is coated, and when the weather is bad you have rheumatic twinges. The urine is cloudy, full of sediment, channels often get sore, water scalds and you are obliged to seek re lief two or three times during the night. Either consult a good, reliable physi cian at once or get from your pharma cist about four ounces of Jad Salts; take a tablespoonful in a glass of water before breakfast for a few days and your kidneys will then act fine. This famous salts Is made from the acid of grapes and lemon juice, combined with llthia and Las oeen used tor genera tions to clean and stimulate sluggish kidneys, also to neutralize acids in ths urine so it no longer irritates, thus end ing bladder weakness. Jad Salts is a life saver for regular meat eaters. It is inexpensive, cannot injure and makes a delightful effer- yeacsnt lUaia-wat drink -Adv URGES EVERYON TO QUICKLY E GET WATER WAGON Drink glass of hot water before breakfast to wash out poisons. To see the tinge of healthy bloom In your face, to see your skin get clearer and clearer, to wake up with out a headache, backache, coated tongue or a nasty breath, in fact to feel your best, day in and day out, just try Inside-bathing every morning for one week. Before breakfast each day. drink a glass of real hot water with a tea spoonful of limestone phosphate in it as a harmless means of washing from the stomach, liver, kidneys and bowels the previous day's indigestible waste. our bile and toxins; tnua cleasing. sweetening and purifying the entire alimentary canal before putting more food into the stomach. The action o hot water and limestone phosphate on an empty stomach is wonderfully in vigorating. It cleans out all the sour fermentations, gases and acidity and gives one a splendid appetite for breakfast. A quarter pound of limestone phos phate will cost very little at the drug store but is sufficient to demonstrate that just as soap and hot water cleanses, sweetens and freshens the skin, so hot water and limestone phos phate act on the blood and internal organs. Those who are subject to con stipation, bilious attacks, acid stomach, rheumatic twinges, also those whose skin is sallow and complexion pallid, are assured that one week of inside bathing will have them both looking and feeling better in every way. Adv. ELASTIC HOSIERY Aade Freah Sally Is) On Store. Quality the best prices right, and fit guaranteed. Coma see the loom work, s ki for measuring btaakJ and buy direct frost makers. LAUE-DAVIS DRUG CO. llOIIKRT mnd TRUSS DEPARTMENT. Ceraer Third XankilJU