THE SUNDAY OEEGOXIAX, PORTLAND, MATtCII 2G, 1016.
Anfl thoti ahalt have a-oat's milk enonli
for thy food, for the food of thy house
hold, and for the maintenance of tny
ma.dena. Proverba axvlL, 27.
RESIDENTS of most states an
wont to think of groats only as
the skinny, bearded, sad-faced tin
can teasers that used to gallivant
around the rocky vacant lots In the
environs of our big cities. They do
not know that In California and the
Middle Western states goats In large furt (189) before the Association of
herds are used for milk; that many In- German Naturalists and Physicians, dl
dividuals In the Atlantic States are rected the attention of the convention
goatkeepers In a smalt way for the toward goat's milk as a food for chll
milk they procure; that the Sea View dren. because goats rarely have a ten
Hospital, one of the New York City dency to tuberculosis, and even when
public hospitals located on Staten Isl- they have It, become infected by com
and, is using a herd In order to supply lng In contact with tuberculous cat-
TniTlr f nr hnhiAfl an1 11 hrilla r nmttmntm
and that the United States Department
of Agriculture Is carrying on a aeries
of experiments to further goat raisins'
as a National industry.
Goats are becoming popular
with
- suburbanites, who are overcoming the
prejudice caused by the feeling that not a single animal was condemned for
tke really aristocratic animals were tuberculosis. On the other hand. It Is
not fit company for self-respecting per- a well-known fact that the condemna
tory and were identified with the one- tlon of cows on this account is aston-"
time "squatters." lshlngly large, 29.738 having been con
I As Fred C. Lounsbury. of Plalnfield, demned during the single year of 1914.
K. J., one of the first men in the East The Bureau of Animal Industry esti
eeriously to take up goat keeping, put mates that there are more than 3,000,
It, "pretty nearly every suburbanite 000 acres of loggcd-off land In the
who has a little patch of land would Northwest that could be converted into
like to own a cow, but he cannot do it homesteads with profit. .Already many
for several reasons. The expense Is extensive sections of this country have
considerable, thecare of the animal is been converted into crop-bearing acre-,
a burden, he haa not room for a pas- age by the repeated browsing off of
ture and. a cow would not be econom- the brush by herds of Angora goats,
leal because she would give more milk Gnmi Prevent Forest Fires,
than is needed by the average family Tti.. ....
.. ' a .ii - .Th United States Government em-
,.,.,,., ,", .
considerable period of each year.
i Keeplnr Eighth ef a Cow. been saved In this way, and Incidentally
"Ask the commuter if he would like forage provided for profitable herds of
lo keep a cow and almost always he goats. The Idea originated with R. H.
will answer, "Why, yes, I'd like to keep Charlton, a Government forest super
one, but I haven't land enough nor visor, who brought 600 goats from Ari
time to take care of her.' Now, if you sona and allowed, them to roam over
should ask him If he would like to the fire breaks In the National forest
keep-half a cow, and he did not call reserves in California. '
for 'a straltjacket for you, he would Fire breaks are strips of cleared land
say, TVell, that's better, but even that which follow the 'ridges through the
requires too much room.' Now ask him forests and check the spread of forest
If he would like to keep a quarter of a fires. These fire breaks are useless if
cow and I guess he will say. Tes, you they become overgrown with weeds,
bet I would, if it was possible.' underbrush' or thickets. Weeds and
"It is possible. It is even possible to grass dry up during the Summer in
keep an eighth of a cow. This is what California and flames can then Jump
I mean. Eight goats are about equlva- across the breaks.-The goats feed close,
lent to one cow in milk production, keeping the breaks bare of vegetation,
consumption of food, cost of malnte- and thus do the work of scores of
nance and care. In respect to space laborers. In this way the department's
required eight goats are even less than payroll is kept down and the owners
one cow. of tha goats are provided with free
"Take two goats, for instance. Msnjr grazing for their h'erds.
families In the suburbs are now keep- The Interurban Railway Company,
lng two goats. I know this to be a between Seattle and Tacoma, main
fact, because I have so many more per- tains a herd of Angoras to keep its
sons trying to buy than I can supply. right 0f way clean of weeds and un
Two goats can he made to keep a small dergrowth. So far as keeping goats
family in milk pretty nearly all the nd other animals Is concerned, they
year round. At no time will .they give are often kept with sheep to protect
bo much milk that some is wasted, as a them from dogs.
cow would. They require only a com- Tw to five goats an acre will usually
paratively short period of actual care clean up land for agricultural pur
evcry day, and buying all their feed Poses in from two to four years. It is
would cost only $1.2 3 a month. "a,d that Angoras can eat all kinds of
"It is popularly supposed that goat's poisonous plants and herbs without ill
milk is sour. It is. on the contrary, effects, so that no fear need be enter
very sweet, and has no strong taste tained of killing the-goats by turning .
nor the slight odor that some persons them loose to clean up land,
find objectionable in the best of cow's They naturally feed upon a wide
milk. The fat globules in goafs milk variety of vegetation, browsing a leaf
are much smaller than the globules in here and another there, and the amount
cow's milk, which accounts for its be- of Poisonous vegetation consumed at
ing more easily digested." any on tIm0 s "usually very small.
A few years ago Mr. Lounsbury, who No had results are likely under those
Is president of the Lenox Manufactur- conditions. There are, however, records
lng Company and keeps goats chiefly of herds of hungry goats being turned
because it is a hobby and partly be- Into land containing little else but
cause he requires their milk and a Poisonous weeds and large numbers of
certain" amount of outdoor work, suf- the animals dying after eating heavily
fered so from indigestion that his of them.
health was absolutely broken. A physl- Thls has been found true of the
cian told him to drink goat's milk, and laurel plant especially. Greenbrier has
he did so, with such beneficial results also heen found objectionable, but
that he is practically cured. This in-
terested him in the animals and now
he nersonally takes charge of his herd
"
while his sons run me ous,
company of which he is president.
Must Have Clean Food.
"Goats are very clean animals," said
Mr. Lounsbury. "They will not eat
food which haa become soiled. Bread
crusts and left-over vegetables from
the table, oatmeal, beet and carrot tops,
weeds from the garden, etc., all are
good feed for goats, but the food must
be clean. If a piece of bread drops in
the mud and the goat steps on It she
will not eat it.
"Visitors often ask me how I get
enough tin cans to keep the goats fat.
That shows how much many persona
know about these animals. Goats, of
course, never eat tin. If not well fed
' they eat the paper labels off of tin
cans for the sake of the sweetness In
the paste. Those who expect to find
my grounds littered with tin cans are
disappointed.
"The short-haired Tarleties of roats
are very easily kept clean with a few
minutes' work each day. The box
stalls need not be large, but they must
be clean and preferably light. The
milking stands must be especially
clean."
In the West goat raising is an exten
sive industry .and brings big profits
to the ranch owners. According to the
United States Bureau of Animal In
dustry of the Department of Agricul
ture, the value of mohair clipped from
Angora goats in the United States in a
year is in excess of $901,597. The total
number of goats suitable for shearing
in the United States in 1909 was an
even, million, and the number has In
creased. '
New uses are constantly being found
for goats, especially the (Angora, which
is not a good milcher, but is the most
numerously raised in the United States
because of the mohair and the edibjllty
of the meat.
The flesh of the young Angora is de
licious, although there has been a prej
udice against its use. Kansas City is
the leading goat market in AmericaT
Two classes of goats are offered for
Eale, designated as "fat" and "brush-
era."
Because of the prejudice against An
gora mutton it has been almost in
variably passed over the counter as
lamb. In Oregon a law has been passed
making it necessary to properly label
the carcass. That the Angora will not
suffer from this Is evinced by the
fact that the carcasses have previously
sold as lamb and that the consumer
has been unable to detect any differ
ence. As soon as the excellence of An
gora mutton is more commonly appre
ciated it will undoubtedly be in greater
demand and its value will be enhanced
accordingly.
accordingly. . ...
n prp a nn tcotvi or mo ttnvApnman
v.v ne " "I t;rT."
' " - -
cass of a goat for tuberculosis. A bul
letin Issued by the United States De
partment of Agriculture states:
"It will probably never be known
Just how many people contract tubercu
losis by drinking the milk of tuber-
culous cows, but It is well known, that
the number la considerable.
'Doctor ficwartz, medical counsellor
from Cologne, in an address at Frank-
f la
According to the annual reports of
the Bureau of Animal Industry cover-
lng Federal Inspection of animals
slaughtered for food there were in-
spected during the eight years of 1907
to 1914 Inclusive 579,617 goats, of which
Ploys Angora goats as forest firefight
ers. Thousands of dollars have alreadv
iianapgint mis applies
especially to goats bearing a long
t ft . . .
neee. wn.cn Become entangled among
i.i i u... ...
Vn for Mohair. .
It haa often been said that the An-
gora works and pays for its board at
the same time. The value of the fleece
or mohair Is considerable and Is in-
creasing. The ideal fleece should
possess length, quality or fineness,
luster, strength of fiber, freedom from
kemp and it should be closely curled
"RAtNMAKER" DE3IANDS $10,000 AND GETS IT
I ft ' ,2 1
LTL lY...-- . fit
CHARLE3 HATFIELD is a .rain- we'll give you 110.Q00. Morena dam had
maker. He has been making rain never been more than a third full. Hat
fall for the grateful people of Cal- field went to work, and presently rain
lfornla for many years. Most of his feI1 in quantity sufficient to fill the
i i j.j , T dam. Then Hatfield demanded his
eiia aruuna
Angeles. Some time ago San Piego was
?ompl?ln!n of drought, and Hatfield
told th5 Councllmen he would bring a
splendid supply of rain for $10,000. The
- . t. . .
5" i;o,hKO neaa.
uuuwi, tuia
It-' ' . UM'tU-V and
It . ' ": - ' , , so popular are these short-haired and night, to care for them. The cost -V
J It . . Jtm-- II In - iijj
but not kinky.
Mohair is made into
nliiaVi ?n rAllrnarl pnn nnrl unhnlstflr-
T" ""
inc ri Tn i rn r . it 1 a a inn usea tor ail to
mobile tops, coat linings, dress goods,
men's Summer suits, braids, rugs, car-
riage -robes, imitation furs, couch and
table covers, sofa pillows, portieres and'
curled 'false human hair. For a num-
ber of years the price of mohair varied
between wide limitations, depending
upon the degree of fashion, but during
the last few years there has been
steady increase in price, undoubtedly
JU eWi
money. The CoJJncilmen protested that
ntur hurt filiArt th d.m an' th.f
Hatfield had had nothing to do with it.
But the City Attorney has ruled that
Hatflelrt'. rnntmnt i .d r,H th.t h-
.
?8 4"litle1 l hl fee- rain-making
nas Deen rcosmzea otiiciauy.
M .' i. W
caused by the more extended and etable
llMe nf tha ItTtlcle. and fashion no long-
" " . -
mining its value. '
Fashion, however, this year has de-
creed that mohair shall be widely worn,
That there is an opportunity for Amer-
lean goat raisers is shown by the fact
that, notwithstanding the enormous do-
mestic production of mohair, the United,
States imports about 2,000,000 pounds
each year.
The '"imported mohair is of a finer
quality than the domestic, but this is
in a measure up to the producers. Ac
cording to the Department of Agricul
ture experts, if American goat raisers
in the Southwest would abandon the
practice of shearing twice a year the
difference in quality would largely dis- i
appear, as the short fleeces consider
ably reduce the average of the Amerl
can fleeces.
The shrinkage of domestic mohair is
said to be greater than that of the
foreign product, being estimated at
from 12 to 15 per cent. The shrinkage
of Arizona and 'NeV Mexico hair Is
largely due "to dirt, and that of the
Oregon hair to the presence of natural
grease. In most cases a blend of for
eign and domestic mohair is spun to- -gether.
What tbe United State Raises.
The weight of fleece for American
Angoras ranges from two to 12 pounds. ,
The average weight of fleece has been
placed at two and one-half pounds for
one year's growth. Shearing once a year '
Is practiced, except in the Bouthwest.
Here climate conditions are such that
the Angoras often shed their fleeces
if not clipped twice, hence they are
usually 'sheared both in the Spring and
Fall. ,
Where the fleece is allowed to grow-
for '12 months the average length is
about 10 inches.' The total production
of mohair in the United States' for 191
will probably approach 5,000.000 pounds.
The best of it comes from the North
west. In Oregon, Polk County leads
and the product of this county has sold
for from 42 cents to 66 cents a pound
for the last few years. . The Northwest
Angora Goat Association reports an
average cash production of about $1.75
a head, with many flocks averaging as
much as $2.26. . -
From superior flocks of California,
and Oregon it is not unusual to get
IS to 20-Inch staple in one year's
growth. In Texas and New Mexioo
much mohair fails under the six-inch
standard because of shearing twice a
year which is the shortest length gen- .
erally desired. The Southwestern prod
uct shrinks heavier' than- that from
other sections. This is especially true
ni .i,. i,i.nn, k. mI. nrH.,
but .om- Texa. hair .hrink. . nttle
Dut fom Texas hair shrinks as little
as five per cent.. California mohair
. . . - . v
"en "as a ra lBm c i
xireeaers oi ku1u iu navr iur& ciue
Connecticut where, several valu-
)le herds are located prefer the Anglo-
ublans. Saanens. Swiss and Toggen-
jrgs. These are not valuable for the
ilr, but they are great milk producers
id valuable as breeders. The kids
e great pets for children and the milk
! the does is not only beneficial for
ivalids and sufferers from tuberculo
s, but is widely used for babies whose
others cannot nurse them. According
to physicians goats' milk is the nearest
approach to human milk, wits) the ex-
. '
ception ui inn ui me ass.
- in trance many nospitais Keep nereis
of does and babies are allowed to
nurse from them. Instead of feeding
the milk from the bottle. In Spain
there are goat stations where babies
and Invalids may be taken and obtain
the milk.
So popular are these short-haired
varieties of milch goats becoming that
Eastern breeders are selling roost of
their kids in advance of birth. The
animals are shipped as far south as
Florida, but few are shipped west, as
the West ia ahead of the Atlantic Coast
in goat raising. - - , - 'i
In purchasing a goat there are many
points to.be considered. Whether the
frrtnr rtA ruiA hr.Ad pmna hrail n itnm.
IIA"!" "T '.I rC.
mon native stock, if she is capable of.
good milk production the bead should
be neat and feminine, not rough and
course looking, ' with forehead broad
and tapering toward the muzzle: The
body should be long and deep with
ample room for a large stomach. A
heavy milker is generally wedge
shaped," that is, much deeper at the hind
quarters than at the chest. The skin
should be loose, with hair rather soft
ana line.
The udder should not only be large.
but thin and soft, and should be greatly
AMERICAN WOMAN
yZC?y rSljC?
. 4 N American woman has just come
V into a title. She is Mrs. Jack
Leslie, one of most popular women
A a. o , . , ,
&' " uunr.g me reign oj. xving r.a-
ward, sine now pecomea Lady Leslie
r - i N- i r - . I
j? r - i
" f y S"" - " - - - - 3
fi 1 . . . ." x't -.v . :;-y:-:v-" : - : y--S
j - - 4 i " j
n " if - "in r iiT i fifn'infc nn nw
distended when full but sink to a much
smaller size after milking.
Always avoid a goat that appears
dull and languid. When in good health
they are alert and very active, with
eyes bright and snappy, nose dry and
nostrils moist, with mouth and gums
a bright red.
Great care must be exercised in the
feeding of goats. They do not thrive
on "any old thing," as so many per- accustomed only to the half-starved
sons believe they do. They would specimens roaming the environs of big
rather eat leaves and twigs of trees, cities would hardly recognize the same
bushes and weeds than grass. They species in a well-fed Anglo-Nubian doe
will eat with great relish all unripe weighing 140 pounds. Abou Ben Ad
fruit, and vegetables, parings, bread hom nn inrliuNnhinn ram nwnod "hv
crusts, and so forth, but the food must
be clean.
uo LlcaI7
While giving milk they should have
about a pint or, grain morning, noon
and evening, and if cqnfined they
should have all the alfalfa, clover or
jnixed hay they will eat Mr. Louns-
bury stables 10 does, three of them in
milk, in one building, and finds It re-
quires about 45 minutes morning, noon
and night, to care for them. The cost
of feeding these 10 goats for two and
one-third months, is as follows:
3 bags of oata, at 11.50 t 4.60
300 pounds bran 1.60
Clover, hay 21.00
100 pounds cracked corn 1.80
Total for tan goata, V 1-8 months . .S29.00
This period of time is taken because
it shows the cost in round figures.
Although butter made from goat's
milk is generally not considered equal
to that made from cow's milk, cheese
from goat's milk is superior. Here is
Mr. Lounsbury's recipe for cheese
which can easily be followed by any-
one having a surplus of 'goat's milk:
"Heat the fresh milk to about 90
degrees and add one .teaspoonful of ex
tract of rennet to each quart of milk,
stirrinsr it well for three to five mln-
utes; the rennet should first be diluted
Dy 20 times its equal of cold water,
Set the milk aside and leave until
thoroughly coagulated. I. let it stand
COMES INTO TITLE
(STj&S Ut?J-OJ77t?i
at the death of Sir John Leslie
her
83.
husband's father at the age of 88.
Lad' Leslie was Leonie
Blanche
Jerome, daughter of Leonard Jerome,
of New York. She is a sister of Lvdx
Randolph CaurchXLU
for 12 hours, as a rule, when it should
be cut into small cubes with curd
knives, or sliced at right angles with
ordinary knife, and stirred with the
hand for 10 or IB minutes, when It
should be strained through cheese
cloth, and the curd packed in perforat
ed tin moulds, placed on straw mat
ting. The perforated cups used in small
fruit presses, or potato dicers are very
good for the purpose, if lined with
cheese cloth. The moulds should be
turned every half-hour, for several
hours, until all free whey has been
drained off and the cheese Is firm;
slight pressure will be helpful. When
the cheese is firm remove the cloth
and sprinkle salt freely over the upper
surface. In 13 hdurs turn the cheese
and salt the other surface and edges.
They should then be ripened for about
three weeks in a j;ool cellar (tempera
ture of about 60 degrees), when they
become mellow in texture, with a
flavor resembling schweitzer. Four
quarts of milk will make two cheeses,
three and a half inches in diameter
and about two inches thick, weighing
about 10 ounces each."
N. J. Nassikas, an importer of cheese,
who owns a 10,000-acre farm in Greece,
where he raises goats and makes
cheese, is of the opinion that New
Hampshire is the ideal spot in the
Eastern United States for the raising
of goats. Throughout New Hampshire
many farms have been so long aban
doned that the pasture and meadow
land is in - very bad condition. Mr.
Nassikas, whose ancestors have been
goat raisers for 250 years, believes that
goats would be the salvation of these
farms. While yielding milk or mo
hair, they would clean up the brush
prepare the land
crops. He i
already has
the New
is raising
Hampshire hills, where he
goats and making cheese.
Many would be surprised at the size
ani weight of well-bred goats. Those
Mr. Lounsbury, weighs 214 pounds, and
. . . . , . . ,
when he rears on his hind legs is con
siderably
high.
When Trouble Are
Blessings in Disguise
WOMAN who has always enjoyed
a full ' measure of the world's
good things, suddenly finding
herself on the ragged edge or
want, experiences emotions known
only to those who have been
"through the mill." Persons who look
upon the world as a great playground
certainly come to their senses when
the question of bread arid butter comes
home to them hard. Necessity is a
wonderful moulder of character. Many
women who never seemingly had any
"backbone become strong and effi
cient when thrown upon their own re-
cources.
A woman who has built up a fine
dressmaking business told me one day
that when she married both she and her
hunbanri win eoor. Sba determined to
help him establish a home and began
makinr shirtwaists for her friends. "I
really knew very little about sewing,"
she said, "but I felt sure I could learn."
She did. The cottage was built and
paid for, and a few years later she
built two or three others from her
profits. Later she saw her son grad
uate from college and accept a respon
sible position in the business world.
To most of us reverses seem very
heavy crosses. We sit down, wring
our hands and wonder what we are go
ing to do. Such a waste of good time!
Far better to try to make a few shirt
waists for our friends or hustle around
and take the first honest' position that
offers.
' Reverses are indeed the finest anti
dotes in the world for selfish or shift
less people. I have in mind a man who
was born with that wonderful article
called "a silver spoon in his mouth."
His life was one of ease. His mother
established him in business, but he did
not become a success in business. To
make a long story short, his firm failed
a short time ago, yet, to his credit,
he determined to start life anew. -He
is now a shipping clerk in a factory
at $15 a week. He is inside the gates
when the whistle blows every morning
at 7 o'clock. Mentally and physically
he has improved, and In all probability
will rise from a shipping clerk in time.
The world is a very pleasant place
when the sun Is shining, but when ad
versity's dark clouds loom ' above us
it Is hard to believe the ground is still
firm beneath our feet, but it Is, and
the only safe and sure out of
"the gloom" is to hunt around for the
first honest work we can do. The
average N 10-year-old schoolboy can
teach the "biggest" of us some worth
while lessons. When a hard task con
fronts him he dimply gives his belt a
hitch, bends over his book, and when
the teacher calls on him if his lesson
Is not perfect he at least makes some,
kind of a showing. -
We can apply this logic to our trou
bles. If your world is not quite as
sunny as it used to be, don't despair.
Tou hold your own success or failure
in the hollow of your hand. Be a suc
cess. The world is already overcrowd
ed with failures.
Profession of Authorship.
Boston Transcript.
Have
you laid by anything since
you took up the profession of author-
ship?"
ya, about 300 manuscripts.";