E)&AN
GREAT AMERICAN BELIEVED READINESS FOR WARFARE
ONLY MEANS TO MAINTAIN
Su7?rv9, JZtk? lane. -- " ' -i: ..w.
-A
-12 . T' '
1U.
S O x7o ir nr.
Mr, j L K- i?
V
' i"m. v,
X
5
4
3
B
ECAUSE 'George WaBhinrton Re
lieved alncerelr in tbe Inborn,
Inalienable rights of men born on
this soli, or transferred to It, spirit
ually as well as physically, to the
fruits of freedom and Independence;
because be believed that this Nation
was to be held by them free of all op
pression, whether in the form of un
just taxation or any other Infringe
ment of the interests, welfare and
principles of the Inhabitants, he re
ceives today the homage of tbe mil
lions who enjoy the heritage of the
SK
ly appealed to the Continental and
Provincial Congresses to provide for
longer enlistments and an adequate
system for recruitment.
Such authority as he had he used
with diligence and foresight. Under
his orders a few fast vessels were
fitted out and armed as privateers at
the nearest safe ports. Jtlarblchead
volunteers in the Army were put
aboard them for crews and the ene
my s supplies, including mucn-neouw
X a. A A 1 TLI IL1L 4.UVWJ V" vv Z, i . tflf
t3rX3"R TJ r M M7mt hn mbmt he baD issue Jin
VJE)tm0-fVw uw t tt.it
-u ,
I have described ours to be to confine
a superior one, In all respects well
appointed, within the City of Phila
delphia and to cover from depredation
and waste the states of Pennsylvania
and New Jersey. ... I can assure
these gentlemen that it is a much
easier and less distressing thing to
draw up remonstrances In a comforta
ble room by a good fireside than to oc
cupy a sold, bleak hill and sleep under
frost and snow without clothes or
blankets. However, although they
seem' to have little feeling for the
naked and distressed soldiers, I feel
superabundantly for them and from
my soul I pity those miseries which it
is neither in my power to relieve nor
prevent.
Washington made persistent efforts
nresent appearance of things ao beg leave to give It as my humble opin- ington replied: "I rhould be unhappy
tree America for which ha fought and nnwd(P were' captured upon the seas mtle pleasing to myself as to render Ion that 8 battalions are by no means In the belief that any part of my let-
whlch he helped establish. brought overland Into the Amer- n a matter of no surprise to me If I equal to the opposition you are to ter to you could be construed into tue to eet a guarantee of half pay for his
In this be was at one with other lcn camp should stand capitally censured by make and that not a moment's time is slightest hint that you wish to Inter- officers after the war, himself having
(Treat men bred In the new, fre spirit ,i, f wnltlntr the Congress . . . Induce a thorough to be. lost In raising a greater num- fere In the military line. Heaven kt.ows no personal Interest In the measure;
and atmosphere of the colonies. He .... .. Dorchester conviction in my mind that it will be ber, not less, In my opinion and that that 1 ereatly want the aid of every he had declared from the first that he th. r(lm,.tt tlon f WeaknHS. If we d
dulgence to my Inclinations every mo
ment that I could withdraw from the
fatigue of my station would be spent
In retirement. That It is not proceed
from the sense t entertain of the pro
priety of giving to every one as free
acress as consistent with that reject
which is dun to the chair of govern
ment, and that respect I conceive Is
neither to be acqulreC nor prervJ
but by observing a Just medium le
tween much state and too greut famil
iarity." In 1793 Washington, In his second
term as President, wrote to Congress
that, while be sought pence and urited
a faithful dlschui ge of e- r.ry duty
toward others, he recommended prompt
measures not only for defense, but for
enforcing Just claims.
"There Is a rank due the United
States among other nations which will
be withheld, If not absolutely l"t, by
did not seek to set himself over them, British evacuated impossible, unless there Is a thorough of my officers, than 110.
. . . - fW hAm AAntllk!lf InOT . . .... . . M . - , T .VI. f
. In my good man and that there are not such would never profit by it to. the amount lr0 to avoj insult we nnict he ulle
but to work with them, contributing whina-ton keen sense change in our military system, for me Judgment thia Is not a time to stand enviable pleasures attending my sit- of a single penny. He deprecated
as his part in the struggle his military hm that tn8 d,e WM now east, to conduct matters to give satisfaction upon expense; our funds are not the uation as to make me too Jealous of constantly the Jealousy of the mlli-
genlus and experience and his care- peace was impossible, that Eng- to the public, which is all the reootn- only object of consideration. . . . ns prerogatives. Rather than complain tary part of the Government by the
fully trained executive ability. His wouid 8peedlly pour 'forth rein- pense I aim at or ever wish for." It may be thought that I am going a 0f your late efforts in the military way, civil etpartment. .
Ideal was the common good. For that , ta "reduce the colony to a This unhappy state of things was good deal out' of my line of duty to you deserve the thanks of us all. and "If we would pursue a right system
be gave his time and strength unstmt- gense of its duty." almost wholly due to the feeling man- advise thus freely: A character to i reei myself happy in this opportunity
edly, risked his all and withdrew only p p . . . lfested in several sections of the coun- lose, an estate to forfeit, the lnestlma- of returning you mlna in the greatest
when Government was so well estab- Conservative and ""f1""" , Persisted In to the hampering of ble blessings of liberty at stake and. truth and sincerity."
.u " ' . -.ht v.,,!, Washington's campaign and to the a life devoted must be my excuse." At valley Forge, where Washing
the radicals, who sougni to n fr.m j,ijno. hlmaolf aloof nnd .
K hnm irnvernment and Set UP ueiruucm. i iuc -"' ...... ... " iroujiB oat, uutu, iibu
n IIU WSV w ... w KB
lished that It would not suffer from
bis retirement.
Throughout hl career the one re
ward be sought was that he might
partake, "in the midst of my fellow
citizens, tbe benign Influence of good
laws under a free government, the
ever favorite object of my heart."
Washington. although possessing
wealth and position, although obser
vant of forms and ceremonies, was in
the best sense a democrat, a man who
sought the same privileges and oppor
tunities for every one of his fellow
citizens which he enjoyed, and who
devoted his gifts and energies to that
end.
of policy," he wrote to a member of
Congress, "In my opinion, there wo'.ild
be none of these distinctions. We
should all. Congress and Army, be con
sidered as one people, embarked in one
to repel it; If we ieslre to secure peace,
one of the most powe-ful Instruments
of our prosperity. It must be known
that we are at all times leiidy for
war," he wrote.
As he wished to avoid war. so he
also wishes to avoid alliances which
might Jeopardize the peuee of the
Nation.
"Against the Insidious wiles of for-
their own. "I have never
the idea of an accommodation." her
said, "since I heard of the measures
which wero adopted in consequence of
ths Bunker Hill fight."
Ilts stanch attitude was maintained
In the midst of disheartening experl-
entertained finally prevailed upon by Washington's wanting to keep all power In his own few blankets and scanty food, he was cause, in one interest, acting on the eln lllfIuonre the Jealousy of n free
representations and the tardily dawn- hands, Washington welcomed co-op- moved to resentment against "the gen- same principle and to the same end.
ing consciousness that war was inevi- eratlon. tlemen, without knowing whether the Near the close of the war a Colonel
table and that, being so, unprepared- After he had teen Invested with the Army was really going Into Winter "t standing was selected to voice tho
own camp. "I know the unhappy
predicament in which I stand," he
wrote; "I know that much is expected
of me; I know that, without men.
without arms, without ammunition.
without anything fit for the accommo-
ness meant calamity. dictatorial powers necessitated by the
On December 20, 1776, he wrote to emergency of public affairs, the Coun
the President of Congress: "Short en- ell of Safety of New York apologized
had taken
troops which
of all our misfortunes and the great were later discovered to have been an
accumulation of our debt. ... 1 Infringement on his authority. Wash-
people oukIU to be constantly awake,"
he said warnlngly.
The irreat rule of conduct for iw, In
ences not only with the enemy in the llstments and a mistaken dependence for certain measures they
field, 'but with trouble makers In his upon our militia have been the origin in regard to New York tr
That they might have them be not dation 0 a goldier. little Is to be done;
only expended freely his energies of anJ wnat is mortifying. I know that
mind and body, but he constantly ex- j cannot stand Justified to the world
horted his fellow countrymen to pre- without exposing my own weakness
pare themselves for the high destiny and injuring the cause by declaring
that he foresaw for this country, first, my want. My situation has been
by raising and equipping an adequate gucn that 1 have nad to use art to con
Army, a task that frequently hung ceal it even from Viy officers."
leaden on his hands, and, secondly, by Jealousies hampered him so sorely
properly safeguarding their rights af- tnat te aternly proclaimed: "The Gen
ter they had been won. eral most earnestly entreats the ofti-
Washlngton was. an early and con- cera and icidiers to consider conse-
atant believer In National prepared- qUences; that we can no way assist
ness. our enemies more than by making di-
George Washington received less ed- visions among ourselves; that the honor
ucation in school than most lads of and success of the Army and the safety
poor parentage do today. He left school 0f our bleeding country depend upon
before he was 1 years old and, ex- harmony and good agreement with
cept In mathematics, in which he had each other; that the provinces are all
been advanced through geometry and united to oppose' the common enemy
trigonometry, his education did not and all distinctions in the name of
extend beyond that which boys usual- America. (
ly get in the grammar grades of the .To this name honorable and
publio schools. What he studied ne to preserve the liberty of our country
knew, however, as his carefully kept 0USht to be our only emulation, and
notebooks attest. He manifested a ne w1jj De the best soldier and the
special aptitude for surveying and for beBt patrlot who contributes most to
military affairs. This taste led to his this glorious work, whatever his sta-
having a royal middy's warrant, ob- tlon or from whatever part of the
tained for him when he was 14 years country- he may come. Let all dls-
old, and only because of his mother's tinctlon of nations, countries and prov-
reluctance to have him go to England inces thereof be lost in the generous
was he spared to fight for the colo- contest who shall behave with the
nies Instead of becoming an officer In moBt courage toward the enemy and
His Majesty's service. the most kindness and good humor to
He had been out of school only a each other,
few months when he got his first Job -if any be so lost to virtue and love
of country as to continue In such prac
tice after this order, they will be se
verely pynlshed and discharged from
the service in disgrace."
After the disastrous battle of Long
Island Washington "once more took
the liberty of mentioning to 'Congress
that no dependence could be put In a
militia or other troops than those en
listed and embodied for a longer, period
than our regulations have heretofore
prescribed.
"Our liberties must of necessity be
cal militia and when 19 years old was greatly haxarded, if not entirely lost.
JN PORTLAND fi&BOR,GERnAN SHIP DALBEK.
quarters or not, reprobating the meas- sentiment of officers who, disaffected reKarj to foreign nations Is In evtend
ure as much as if they thought the because of arrearages of pay and the . our commercial relations to have
prospect of m Army's being dieb.inded as little political connection as p's-
wlth no adequate provision being made gjble. . . .
for them, proposed to make Washing- "if we remain one people under an
ton the head ot a monarchy. efficient government, the period Is not
He replied in unmistakable affront: far off when we may deny niuieriul
"Sir: With a .nixture of great surprise injury from external annoyance; when
and astonishment I have read with at- we may take such an attitude will
soldiers were made of stocks and
stones and equally insensible of frost
and snow, and, moreover, as if they
conceived it easily practicable for an
Inferior army under the disadvantages
as a surveyor. It was a good one.
too. for Lord Fairfax, having noted
the lad's mental equipment and his in
trepidity, gave him a commission to
survey his wild acres in the Shenan
doah Valley. So well did Washington
accomplish the arduous task that be
was made a public surveyor. Almost
coincident with his entrance upon a
private career young Washington iden
tified himself with public interests.
Fond of athletics and sports as well
as of military affairs, he Joined the lo-
!A S. w? i- - " -1 t'Z" ''" '-' - A S
' t
K. XIV X3TPST TJTTT? T . A. UPT A XT 0
svT jji wv -- sa
tentlon the sentiments you have sub
mitted to my perusal. Be assured,
sir, no occurrence of the war has
given me more painful sensations than
your Information of there beln such
ideas existing in the Army as you
have expressed, and I must view with
abhorrence and reprehend them with
severity. ... I am much at a loss
to concelvei what part of my conduct
could have given encouragement to
an address which to me seems big
with the greatest mischiefs that can
befall my country. If I am not de-
cause the neutrality we may at tiny
time be resolved upon to be scrupu
lously respected; when belligerents,
under the impossibility of maktnft ac
quisitions upon us, will not lightly
hazard the giving us provocation; when
we may choose peace or war, as our
interest, guided by Justice shall coun
sel. . .
"It is our true policy to steer clear
of permanent alliances with any por
tion of the foreign world; so far, I
mean, as we are now at liberty to do
it; for let me not be understood as pat-
celved in the knowledge of myself, you ronizlng Infidelity to existing enmso-
could not have found a person to whom
your schemes are more disagreeable.
At ths same time I must add that no
man possesses a more sincere wish to
see ample Justice done to the Army
than I do, and as far as my power and
Influence in a constitutional way ex
tend they shall be employed to the ut
ments. . . . Taking care always to
keep ourselves, by suitable establish
ments, on a respectable defensive pos
ture, we may safely trust to temporary
alliances for extraordinary emergen
cies." '"it is conceded that America under
an efficient government will be the
most of my ability to effect it. Let me most favorable country of any in the
made a Major.
When he was still in his 20s he won
his first Colonelcy In his gallant but
disastrous first campaign against the
French. It was there that he first
tasted the bitter fruits of unprepared-
ness.
if their defence is left to any but a
permanent standing Army, mean one
to exist during war. Men who have
been free and subjected to no control
cannot be reduced to order in an Instant
"There is no situation on earth less
When Washington went to Phila-enviable or more distressing, contln
delphia as a member of the Second ues Washington, "than that person
Continental Congress he wore his pro- who is at the head of troops regard
vincial uniform, an instructive expres- less of order and discipline and un
sion of his feeling in regard to the provided with almost every necessslty.
crisis that was to come In Its way a The difficulties that have surrounded
fulfillment of prophecy for during the me since I have been in the service
session he was put at the head of the have kept my mind constantly upon
Irregular Army near Boston. He found the stretch; the wounds which my
that Army not only without discipline feelings as an officer have received by
and equipment, but without powder, a thousand things that have happened
Men who had enlisted only for a few contrary to my expectations and
mouths ran. away. Washington ardent- wishes; the effect of my. own conduct
Little I ever thought to feel
Envy tremble from truck to keel,
When squat little tags creep by;
Mine the thrill of the open road
Glad grey waves were the path I strode,
Joy of service both gift and goad
The comrade of sea and sky.
BEN HUR LAMPMAN.
Little I ever thought to know
Mooring bonds when the good winds blow,
And work of the world awaits.
Mine the task of the laden hold,
My beat the blast and blaring cold,
Or drowsy tides where coral tolled
The peril of stranger straits. .
What should I care for wars and plots
Dire torpedoes and heave-to shots
Whose trade was no hidden shame ?
They leashed me to an alien shore,
Gave me orders to sail no more
Wind behind and the seas before
They broke the rules of the game!
Give me the right-of-way again
To strain my spars and play again,
Set free as the vagrant gulls
Gulls that swing from the darling sea
Crying the gossip dear to me
Little care I that my port may be
The. haven of missing hulls!
N
conjure you, then, ff you have any re
gard for your country, concern for
yourself, fcr posterity, or respect for
me, to banish these thoughts from
your mind and never communicate, as
from yourself or anyone else, a senti
ment of like nature."
He did not relish even the simple
forms which his position as the Chief
Kiit him.
"That I have not been able to make
bows to the taste of poor Colonel B.
(who, by the way, I believe never saw
one of them) is to be regretted," he
wrote in a letter to David Stuart, "es
pecially as upon these occasions they
were -Indiscriminately bestowed, and
the best I was master of. Would It not
have been better to throw tne veil of
charity over them, ascribing their stiff
ness to the effects of age or to the un
skillfulness of my teacher rather than
to pride and dignity of office, which,
God knows, has no charms for me?
For I certainly say I had rather be at
Mount Vernon with a friend or two
about me than to be attended at the
seat of government by the officers of
state and the representatives of every
power In Europe."
Washington explained that he had
reception hours every Tuesday from
3 to 4 o'clock, when gentlemen came
and went, chatted with each other and
acted as they pleased.
world for persons of industry and fru
gality and possessed of a moderate
capital," wrote Washington to David
Henderson. "It Is also believed that It
will not be less advantageous to the
happiness of the lowest class of peo
ple, on account of the equal distribu
tion of property, tho great plenty of
unoccupied lands and the facility of
procuring the means of subsistence.
. . . Although I believe that emi
grants from other countries to this
who shall be well disposed and con
duct themselves properly would be
treated with equal friendship and
kindness in all parts of It. yet In the
old settled states land Is so much oc
cupied and the value so much enhanced
by contiguous cultivation that the
price would In general be on objection."
He recommends the frontier region in
what is now Ohio, then opening up, us
offering great advantages to young
men looking for a place In which to
settle.
Wtien Washington, at the end of his
second term as President, retired to
Mount Vernon he desired nothliiK bet
ter than the life of a private ilti.en
with his family and friends, lie de
voted himself sedulously to tne lnt.-r-ests
of his farm, and a visitor expressed
his astonishment to find the distin
guished man laboring with his own
hands.
A nnmmde in arms who came from
"At their first entrance they salute Kentucky in hls frontiersman clothing'
me, and I them, and talk with as many was not daunted from calling upon
as I can. What pomp there is In all Washington by the report that he had
this I am unable to discover. Perhaps become "puffed up. an aristocrat. "
it consists in not sitting. To this two Washington saw him coming nr.d hast-
reasons are offered It is unusual; a n.d to meet hlm at tne door and draw
more substantial one, I have no room
large enough to contain a third of the
chairs which would be sufficient to ad
mit it. If it is supposed that osten
tation or the fashion of courts gave
rise to this custom, I will boldly af
firm that no supposition was ever more
erroneous, for it' I were to give ia-
hlm in. "I never was better treated,
the Kentucklan reported afterward. "I
had not believed a word against him,
and I found he was "Old Hoss' still."
When summoned. Washington served
upon the petty Jury of his county as
simply, as unaffectedly and as effi
ciently as he had served as President
of his country.