. TTIE SPXPAT PRECOMA. PORTLAND. DECEMBER 19. 1915. - " ' " '"' ' ' : " '
IBILL DOES HIS CHRISTMAS SHOPPING ALL BY HIMSELF
Mr. Gretnc Is a "RWlar Fellow" to Many People of AU Ages and Conditions, Who Watdi Shopper at Shawl Counter, Where He Meets With First Unhappy Experience.
(a. J XJL doing hla
L-. 5 Y naaal Impersonal (
-A j . ipr.Hl.a aad r
flS ,tn, a-raed
GRIMkT mur poopl of all age
ItlMi w BUI OfMm
Christmas shopping tae
otbar day
A P-l paaead t"l stately floor walk-
lously replaced their
Ure wits a friendly
oor. . -.11
He might oi r "
a parson of the opposlto dean
In publle tiltu hls years younger
tbaa nlno or year older than" It. Be-
tboao acta thr i '
lr,to plant reomm.c.tlv.h might ha o Put
. a thought laio ar b4 lor all tiro.
SvV" boost cattlvatlag a haughty aloof
VX nea from I.jO teat of tbo orl4 potal4
n"l Ibotr cempMloM ami r-
T4 Ilk a shawl, pleas, mi'in." way to tbo took department, whera ho
stifr:r conaunea a '""-
H. bota.'t.farUtoo.. e.t- -Got anything for a . womanr ho
4 oat bla onr aoberly aad waited a.k.d in a worried way.
for bla par-keg. Tbo comfortable The young- woman beatowed a con-
yeuag wosnan aa wrath4 In mlls descending glance on him and shoved
But If Will BM) own out a trsy liuca "im m.
"Addre.a book awfully amart thl
season. he explained.
Q!ve mo a man customer OTery
time." aho whispered to- her fellow
worker behind the counter; "they're
never fussy."
"And now then." ld tho big- fellow,
"Ufa go up In tho engine department.
I have to buy an engine; got a' little
coualn that needa an engine awful bad.
Languid young aonta clorka wbo' 1
li Liu Zirm
.
.IF?
ne aao neve, a. .ro - ; B . tr.fK!molbar'a pr.aant
-Hotnaa aad tbtldran flraU" bou aiaoo ' 1 " f. . in k. alvlaaa.
bo . of lb. race whoa. cbl..ry ba4 ul hol ' " " J
srsr -rrab;: -rC-S
na a.o4 alck.1 by aick.l a.d U .oo, trowda of
paaay by paaay for ma ay a weak aa "d omon.
tbo ilat of ltft to wbom bo maaat to A Cataaroab.
glir. praaaau opo.od with '"0' aom.tblog h.pponl. Tb.re waa
a&d mother: toaa tamo tho baby. an4 . . . Kih
war. th, autara. BUI algbad gad UbI Jt within tbo booth,
weadarad If bla money would raacb aa with brlgbt ayaa. dassllag teatb. gold
far aa Pop. Ho bopod ao. lie Ukad an hair and gllatenlng finger nalla. Ebe
i'09. aad aa Baeomfortablo fooling roue uro4 la BIH'a direction and audden
blgb la iho regloa of bla heart aa be
thought of Pop wltboot a praaant. But
tban thay two ware man. Ho fait quite
aura that bla father would an4eratan4.
lie hod never an bla graadmotber
la bright ecarlet. and yet ho
foci4 that color. Aa he
J attlre4 ta
P aomehow
ly inundated him with a awaotly fra
grant abower. Without giving Mm a
bit of warning aho had aqulrted per
fumery all over him.
Bill atarted away 'violently, lie ran
traight Into aome one much larger
aotarly looked over the moat brilliant of than hlmaelf. He looked UP end eaw a
tbe woolly acarfa dlaplayed on the Blg fallow wbo waa alao leaping wildly
counter a plump, comfortable-looking away from the perfumery couater. The
youag woman bant toward him. fch n!s fallow looked down at Bill, and aa
aaw a pareoo aged about t wltn eartoua c. atd ao tbe axpreaaloa of Irritation
Bi3 rsraWrrJ
Vl i- PC P
Jjjs1 King
brova area and a frlanuiy amu.
"Mhat la It, dearie r aho laqulrvd.
Bili'a heart eeak.
Ob. wall-lataetlonad young woman.
how could you have done It?
avawal Toairhev Ktaa.i Him.
Pi;l raraambarad with a pang tbe
achool taacaer. youag and kind, wha
one ly la bitter anforgotteo past
had ktaa4 blm. and la front of toe oth
er fallow, too.
There ware lota of other people at
tn counter, and Joet at that moment
eotn bore ware paoslng. claaplng their
mother haada. alternately holding
bach and dragging and ruahlag for
ward and pulling.
Neverthalaea tbay had time la tbe
and horror on hie face changed Into aa
appreciative grin.
"Did the ahrapnel get you, too. Bill?"
aald tbe big fellow. "I'm all In and
no ambulance ta algbt. But peril a pa
we ran gat to a fTeah air hoepltal. Ifa
the only poealble cure abort of the dry
claaera. ' .
"Fallows dont want cologne on !cm."
aald Bill Oreene. eerloualy. -
"all, rather not," aald the big fel
low. Ho 14 the way to tbe other and of
tbe atora. where there waa a door Into
a aid street.
"Perhapg we can stanch each other's
we jo da," he remarked grimly, and.
taking bla han4krehlef. he tried . to
wipe a little of tbo dripping perfom-
mldat of this activity to hear tho sales- ery from Bill's aasloua brow.
"Well, I better be getting Bsck. I
rutaa." veatured Bill finally. "You
woman's pbraee.
"What la it. dearie? tbey mimicked.
. Till swallowed bard. It was atmoat
enough to make a fellow give up chop
ping and never come Into one of tboao
etoree again. He didn't wonder at all
tbal hla father batad It so wnea nia
eae. I've got more of my Chrlatmaa
ehopping to do."
The big fellow bad aa Inspiration. .
"I'm doing mine, too," he aald: "sop-
poae w go together. You come with
x j V Tkiidkst Rz&wm&. &v
7MfejEi?
The tl fellow pirkrd one up gin
gerly and looked It over.
-Look a protfy nifty." bo remarked;
Til take half a do ten of 'em yea, lefa
.,., wanted him to do errands for mo for a few minutes and then I'll go see. there are three aunts, slater. Cou-
- II..H. Da-a'ai ar-i Ia ' Vai tit TaT
bar at tbo a bop.
Bat Bitr-eraa made of sturdy staff.
with J&a." 'n Hattle and Bene wire: yea,, aix
. Dill agreed. The big fellow led the will go the rounds."
His mother thought I might get him a
rice writing deek and my. mother
thought I ought to get him a violin,
tut I think he'd rather have an en
gine." Women, no mater how intelligent,
would not have been able to under-
.i.
atand whv Bill and the big fellow
spent two happy hours In the engine
department It is doubtful whether
even the granting of full suffrage to
women will empower them with the
ability to drink in the pure and never
ending Joy which all masculinity de
rives from hearing a small stationary
engine emit short, growling, puffing,
snorting sounds in an endless succes
sion of little explosions.
Even the smallest of Bill's sisters
would have insisted that in order to be
thoroughly respected the engine must
accomplish something. But to both
Bill and the big fellow any sort of
accomplishment on the part of the en
gine was beside the question. The en
gine in action waa to them the true
exponent of art for art's sake. AU It
bad to do to be loved and worshiped
was Just to be an engine.
The big fellow would probably have
stayed all day in tbe engine depart
ment, but. BUI had a conscience. He
was by inheritance a New Englander,
and the transplanted person of that
kind is a good deal more tenacious of
his sense of duty than the Puritan who
has remained' on fixed post.
"I got to get the rest of my pres
ents." he reminded the big fellow.
"I should think marbles would be
nice for the baby," suggested his new
found friend.
"The baby put a bean up her nose,"
Bill confided to him earnestly aa a
reason for not making this desirable
purchase.
"Oh, well. If she's that kind of a
baby," agreed the big fellow.
"Has she many bubbles coming out
of her mouth T' he asked presently. "I've
noticed that lots of babies have; If
she has. you might get this to mop
her up with." ,
He pointed out a powder puff, and
Bill sighed with relief. He hadn't
thought of It before, but it seemed to
him 'that he bad noticed just such an
object somewhere around the baby. The
powder puff was promptly purchased.
For his mother he finally selected a
cake of pink soap and a nutmeg grater.
He remembered hearing her say that
she needed a new nutmeg grater, and
the cake of soap was beautiful and
sweet smelling. It had also a beautiful
face carved in relief on the top and It
was displayed in a red box with gold
wrappings. ,
There was a queer alligator in the
mechanical toy - department. It
' wabbled splendidly. Bill watched it
with delight. He wondered if the little
sisters would like an aligator between
tbem. Certainly this particular alli
gator wiggled enough for four or five,
let alone for two. '
He counted his pennies. Tes, the al
ligator would have to serve for both or
else be given up entirely.
BUI faltered. He felt a little guilty.
Nevertheless he boldly demanded the
alligator. "
They'll like it" he assured the big
fellow, who looked at him a little dole
fully. "Besides, if they don't. I'll keep
it and give them something that I'll get
for Christmas."
"Oh. I know that game." the big fel
low assured him.
J LltU SisUr
uU Lice dn.
jit
Then there was his father. Anxiously
he scanned the counters and tables and
booths heaped with thousands of varied
treasures appealing to the Santa Claus.
purse.
He and the big fellow tramped stead
ily between these enticing avenues of
Christmas gifts. Bill grew more and
more eager and even feverish, for in
all that great array there .didnt seem
anything that would really do for Dad.
After thinking the problem over
carefully, backward and forward and
up and down, he did what most of us
do at Christmas time when we are
particularly anxious to select a won
derful present He chose something
that was strange and seemingly en
tirely unsuitable.
It was a red horse, a little tin horse
with no particular appeal of any kind
save its bright color. Wearily he part
ed with the last of his moneyi Wearily
he received the package containing the
red tin horse. He knew that It wasn't
exactly the thing for his father, but
then, what was?
Side by side he and the big fellow
made their way out of the store. It
was .within a few minutes of closing
time. The lights were out in the street
and he wondered what they would say
to him at home for staying away so
late. .
The big fellow looked down at him
kindly.
"You know. Bill," he said, "that was a
great idea of yours, getting that horse
for your father. It's Just the thing
he'll like. I can tell by myself. Why.
if I were' your father and you were
to bring me that horse I'd be crazy
about it."
- Hla Shopping Over.
Bill smiled. Out in the fresh air
again his troubles all slipped away. He
walked sturdily along beside the big
fellow, who seemed to be going his
way. They crossed tracks together,
tramped up several blocks, crossed
more streets and presently came to the
big apartment house where Bill lived.
Bill was whistling happily by this time,
and the big fellow was whistling, too.
As they came to the steps the big
fellow had an impulse. He hadn't
spent quite alt his own Christmas"
money. Besides, there was plenty more
In the bank he could draw on. He
felt much like sharing a little with
Bill, reimbursing him for the Christ
mas money that had vanished by slip
ping or bill or two In his pocket to
be found later on.
But when he looked at the small in
dependent chap he changed bis mind.
Bill wasn't splendidly dressed. His
home was not in an elegant neighbor
hood; his shoes were pretty ' weU
stubbed out But the big fellow didn't
slip any money into his pocket. H
shook hands instead.
"Goodby, old man; Merry Christmas
to you," he said.
"Same to you," replied BUI.
Tho big fellow stood for a moment
on the steps and watched- him -mount
the stairs to his home, his' body wag
ging happily from side to fide arid his
pockets bulging with Christmas pack-ases-
. ".-.'
is.
I3f
All it had to A to
lc Loved ind.
ust iobednlM
tit
Idea ooturS Gci-
'at Veer
i
a-f JTf
i
7? .
dlIcMjrKii
AMOUNT OF PROFIT IN POULTRY IS
DEPENDENT ON CARE THAT IS GIVEN
W. Lrntwir PainU Oat Haw rradactivitr May B Incrvsaed by l'e af Proper Food and fcy Payta Attention to
Breeding and Management af Flock During Critical Periods.
T W. LtDWI'l.
Pot'LTRl baaNandry la tb moat
hi-M .t.-U!ii4 of all tbo liv-ata-
b In4itrlae and rnuira more
prvporatMa. aludr aa4 ekltt and a Tnar
arrrlatln of lb artistic la Itvlna
an4rn than any other of toe tiveatock
1'IHrklh
ta rap'"al la rwitrad t bla and
t tlm l ! for th raeull of breed
ing trf iiea lo botn apparent, afnl
H ofr.r. .. ,r..t rawarda when a good
gtratm baa hn a.tabll.bad.
Notwithstanding- tb rawarhaMa roc
vi of in Airi-ait . II la und.nl
aM. that hr profit could be greatly
iv-rat be bi.r car an. J maaaga
raat. liar ararag j.arljr lay of
eg, arrardlm to tb laat raneue. caa
b graatly Incr.aa'd. va 4oubLd.
Ta r'lta of lb tnlrd annual In
t.rnatlonal aag-Uylng rontt at
ftorra. C'owiv. whicb eloaed lb laat of
Ortebor. fumufia much valuabl la
formation. T toltoarlng attracts
from thair bwlt.tlnj will re to abow
what baa bn aerompliehed during tb
tbtr year of tb contest.
lib th esraellon of tb prl
snantal groon aocad twbr. all pana
war fad and bai!d In tb nam gen
oral way; that la to aay. t aam read
ing formula war Head for all brd
and larl.tlm. Tb management fait at
tbrtv. bowevar. la f-d lrgr or
ant!ar amouata. ar41n to lb in-
iiUimI aade of tn aoaarnl pna.
Tiata baa a dipoeltian lo some
r1r ts rrltlcta thla procedure On
too ground II at t food riolrennla
of tie aovaral braod war different
evrthaloa It aoom to bo a fat that
rommorftal aoiltrrmoa follow exactly
th earn pLaa. Broxiere wbo hoop
Itod and Lashorna. for In.tanr. will
nauaily bo found f-adina lb two
br.a4 out of lb aam pail, but pr
baoo varying tb amount.
aartematSr rdo t nod.
Tor tb frat alt moot ha of tb ren
..t a well-haon-a automatic feador
waa amatoved. tmrlng tbo ether hair
of lb yeor grain waa fad by band, ba
raua II waa bottevvd Ibat aa latolll
g.nl f.ader ro.jld boat any automatic
alavw fo 4lpnalna gram.
Tb ma lor part of tn grata ration
waa fad In tb aft.raoon from J to a
arl.k aro4!nc tawalti aw tb
rood lio of tb waalbr. but cblafly on
tio him f tb year. Tb birds war
f-4 aorliar. f eourao. o dark dais sad
tm in Winter wftan lb aft.mooo. art
idmi. tn-iag tb Wlstar aart k-ularlir
anor grata waa fad Iban ta ban
M;a conaum Ibat algbt tboe loavlng
a MHo la B Hilar aa aa lvU tor
to bi.4 lo bogla work a aa tbay
i.rt in. raooia la lb naorolna. Lna
roul .y and ta damp w.albar ban,
a a lltlla d apooad to b Ml. To
tafnm. iba grala waa not larre
aoanii f4) two or tbro tlmoa during
ti foroooow. but la ry am 11
anMauata. Jaat aaougb to bap tb haaa
buav
A a bow war pormlttad fro ec-oa
t maa.t. grit. aai and fiarvoaL Tba
4rv nuk waa aunoliod lJ a al-qrt
circular aartaanwax rapialo wlta
straight aide. A wire g'r4 laald ra
rapiacl lay looooly on top th nail
and rodocd waate to a minimum.
'Sucrut.nt food coaalated principally
of man a. I boat during lb Vlntr.
About tb flrat of May tb hen wr
allowed tb run of tbe yards la which
ry. clover aad graee ar growing:
Iheao auppllod aufflriant natural green
until loaard mld-ummr. o ban aom
of lb yarus bx-am mora or la 1
pietod. Maanwbll a small lot 1a flftn
of an arrf ) had ba planted to rap
and Owlne chard: thoa war cut and
f-d four or flv times a weak to oup
pl.ra.at tb natural irt.ni la tb
tarda. It waa difficult to kap aa ax
act rooerd of tb amount of groan food
roneumad by each pea, but tb coat of
tba boats, rap. Swiss chard aad a few
oats that were apronted amounted I
approximately II par paa. or It cents
tor each baa for th year.
Tb averac amount of food con-
aumed by tae heavier brda. Rocka.
Rada and Wyandotte, waa l 41 pound
of maia and 7 pounds of grain, or
a total of t.l pounds for aco ban a
year, bach La (born averaged to con
sum during tbe year Jl pound of
maab aad I pooada of grain, or a
total of Ti t pounds of food. Tbua from
tbo aaalyao of tb faode It appears
that each of tb heavier bans rjulr4
for tbe .year 11 Ji pounda of protein,
4 SI pounda of carbohydrate. 4
pound of fat; or. In other words, th
nutritive ratio of her ration was 1:4 .
Tbe Leghorn baa coneumed 11.44 pounda
of protain, 4I.TI pounda of corboby
Oraiaa. 1.44 pound of fat. aad tbe nu-eotrttlve-ratto
of bar ratio was I I t
Those figure do not tab Into account
aay co-fflclot of dlgaatlblllty.
. The following ratioas were used
throughout lb year:
BWatcb crate
Cnxa corn
Wbal
H-o.r okllo oal.....c
ari- . ,
bafr aara
Mo'kafcaol
Oct aa.k
Car, okoat brae . ...
for sa.al
o at. fo
t'.rov.e aoa
a-aa-tar mlodilaa. ...
T'a orroo
P f orra
Lot s--J floor.......
Tbo experimental pans - conaleted
cblofly of tw groups of flv pans each.
Pane 1 to II eompoed.of White Rocka
aad pan 1 to 41 wr While Lag
bora. Tbo two group made a dupli
cate experiment for tb matter of
breod. Peas 1 aad war fed tbe
coeteat rettoa throughout: all otbor
pane bad their ration suppiemeutod by
milb: pan aq 41 rvrd ao greoa
food, pons IS au4 41 ao maal. aad pen
II and 41 oalther moat aor araan food.
Tb" alogl tt eams to ladlcate
that milk may be substltutoi for graea
food aa la poae 1 and 41. tor meat a
la pan I aad 41. but not for both. It
to Interacting to not that ail tb mllb.
fad poaa e ar.pt tboao from which bo lb
moot aad groan foo4 aver withheld
outlaid tbalr roaporttvo chock pane
that roroiveo onjy the regular ratloa-
II saoaid bo added that ta autaaar
.. SO poonoa
. .. oo oaO.
... o pooa4.
... SO pouaoa
... i pooaa
... IV
roo pooad
....lu powaU
.....loo poooo.
.....H- pooaO.
..... poood
..... 4 povad.
.. . 43 poMd
2i puad.
when th birds occupied the yard, peot
and 41 and II and 41 obtained some
natural grn food along with the oth
er a. but they got no boots during the
Winter nor rape and gwtaa chard In
tbo Summer.
I'ena I and 10. Buff Wyandotte.
wr handled Ilk pan 1 and t of tba
Rock group and 1 and 40 of the Leg
horn arouse: that la to aay. pen 11 re-
ralvad the regular corneal ration and
pen 10 the eame ration supplemented
by milk. Th agg yieia lor tn two
pons was Ul and 141 roapctlvly.
tb milk -fed pen being outlaid by
egg. Aa with tne otner group. iu
number of hoa Involved la. of court,
too amall to Juatlfy definite conclu
sions, particularly from a single trlat
Pas T and IP centt grain, central
maah. barf aad flab i--o food: r.guiar
rattan I . laid, IU1-1S.
Pane S aad 40 teontaat grain, com. at
ma.b. loaf and fl.h. ( food, eour
milk E teld. tuo-iaja
p.na aad 41 Icontaet araln. ronlaat
maah. boat and flab, aaur mllkt 1 laid.
!1-I3.
pna 10 and 41 (conical craln, contaat
ma.n. r.m food, aaur milk) (! laid.
l3-roaA
paaa II snd 41 contl grain, contaat
maaa. eour ml!k Ecs laid. 1071-lall.
It waa found that th weight
of eggs from the different breeda
varlee considerably. . The Leghorn
egg averaged to weigh Juf a
.hade, ever tbe standard. IV, pounda
to tbe doxen: the Wyandotte eggs
war. below standard, weighing only
1.411 pounds per doxen: the Ply
mouth Rock eggs weighed I.EM pounda
and thoae from the Reds 1. 401 pounda
per doxen. Th average for all breeds
waa Lai pounds.
The average price received for eggs
during tbe 13 months wss 14 cent, but
the fact thst more eggs ware Laid dur
ing th season of low prices reduced
the average actual value to 11.0 cents
per doaen. Ttie following table give
the average val'J a doaen for the dif
ferent breed, baaed on total number
of eggs aad total value:
Piraaonih Racks -
Wyendottee .
Rhode l:aad Reda
te borne
Mlaca.'.aaaoua
AU breede -"O
tjulte a nimbor of bird became
broody, but were broken up as soon aa
poaatbie. Th following table shows a
comparleoa of the different breeds with
aspect to broodlneee. Only tho birds
which eomolotod a full year's record
ar include! In th table. Th hlgheat
percentage af broody bird Vii founo
In tbe Rhcde Ia:and Reds and the low
est In tba Logborna. It Is interesting
to note, however, thst whn a Leg
horn doa go broody ahe loaaa more
time than a bird of any other breed.
Ry time loat due to broodlnaaa la meant
tie number of days between th last
gg laid and belor th first egg after
a broodv period Th overaa number
of dav loat by th avarag bird of any
of th four breede Is perhaps tb beat
metrod or comparing tbam In reaprct
to thla character. Thus the average
Had uat 0 days during .the year to
broodtavrs. while the average Lagborn
oat during the ssme time only 1.1 days.
The average for all breeds under ob
servation was 10.0 days, while each
broody ben lost S days.
Wyar.dotara
K. I. Kada ...
l.lhorne . ...
Mteccltan-ou.
Total . . . .
v. f. -.
0 O " .a o- r
-r h 3 H a
z i Is J 5.
1 Vz II 'S
' . t : n
: : : g
i"i?Tm 41 l. lrt.l ! .VI
n i! 3 s.a :
14S h -j 1. 1 l. a
114.1 i3 l i.s :i.
li t H I P IS.T 4I
i"aioaoT I 3 I 2.9 I !-
At th end of th contest the average
weight of Individuals of the four breeds
moat largely repreaented was as fol
lows: Plymouth Rocka. i.4 pounds:
Rhode Island Red, i.5 pounds: Wyan
dotte. 1.45 pounds; Leghorns. 2.11
pounds.
The mortality during the year
amounted to 70 Individual, about
per cent of the :o bird entered In
the context, or an average of a little
less thsn one death per pen. From the
poat-mortem examlnationa the several
deaths may roughly be clssaifled as fol
lows: Nine due to colds, which In some
Inatances developed Into roup; 11 to
enlarged Uvera. 17 to dlaeaaes of the
reproductive organs such aa Inverted
oviduct deposition of yolk In the ab
dominal cavity, broken egga In the ovi
duct etc.: and 18 miscellaneous cause,
such as accidents, bleeding to death
from the comb. Internal hemorrhage,
in. tin l wnrma and cannibalism.
Tbe average waa MiO egg, or 14S a
bird and la somewhat lower than In
i . 1 Thla mar Drrhaoe
be pertly explained by the Increase
from five bird in me prtnoui ivi"-
. ,a kl.il. - n.n Tho 10
peiu:ona iw 1 " " - -
bens were housed In the same quarters
with the same numoer 01 irn
....iin. inir. and ao on. as the
five had previously enjoyed. Further
more, tne laci m.i
quired for each pen may have meant
In aome caae. at any rate, that not
quite such good specimens were se
lected for the pen. Another factor that
may have had some Influence was the
Winter wostner. parm-uiany i
.... . . -.. mi flrat of
mKzaie 01 jnw.u. -
March. During this period there was
recorded the longest anu w"'"'
spell on record.
The coat of feed to produce a dozen
eggs wss, in the esse of the Plymouth
. tho -A'vandnlten. 14. lc:
for the Rhode island Reda. lS.lc and
for the Leghorns, li.ac. i no iim i-
. . j i - k u - 1 1 r f 1 hlrh. owinar
iif nrgi ' . .. (- . -
to th fact that there were three very
low-producing pens, in .-'.
. i- I .--h ,r valued at 12
roil, gram " - -
oar 1'0: grit snd she!L i5 cent per
r . . . - 1AI -m tnl'V IS
ice: cnarcoau a- p
cent per 100. .... . .
The production of principal breed:
The report of thl contest does not
attemnt to aav whether increased pro
duction In the milk-fed pens waa due
to the milk itself or simply to added
protein, regardless of source. To es
tablish definitely the value of milk In
feeding layers the ration without milk
should of course have the same nutri
tive ratio.
The experiments in substituting milk
for meat and green food are especially
interesting. The general lmpresion is
that milk may be substituted for meat
up to a certain point but not beyond
that. It would not be difficult to ad-
Just ourselve to the Idea that milk
can be substituted entirely lor meai.
But if it can be substituted for a food
so totally different a green food what
do we feed green food for, anyway?
The laying contests connducted
throughout the country have brought
to the poultryman's attention that
there are hens in each and every flock
that are not producers. As evidence
of the almost unbelievable difference
In hens It may be pointed, out that the
Individual production in the different
laying competitions range from no eggs
at all up to lit. the score of a White
Leghorn. In the North American con
test, two birds laid below 10: one 1
and the other 7 eggs. Between 10 and
10. two birds Isld 11 eggs apiece. Skip
ping all the figures between 10 and 40.
one individual laid 44 eggs. Begin
ning at 60. three birds laid less than
(0. and one bird laid SO eegs. Laying
above 70 and Irs than 100 there were
twenty-seven individuals. These thirty
seven birds are all below the profit
line, and. of course, will never be
used ss breeders.
In a flock of 600 layers. 7.4 per
cent Is low for non-producers, snd
proves the effect of breeding for egg
production. . ,
Twenty-seven pens contained these I
Individuals, lsylng less man iu
or 17 per cent of all pens entered con
tained recessive- partial sterlles or
Just poor layers.
This percentage is sbout correct for
general breeding as laid down by
Mendel's law of heredity; the few
pens containing poor layers sre not
representative of the entire possibili
ties In breeding for egg production, and
this percentage is gradually being de
creased by poultry raisers..
MAD RIDE IST0 SAVE DOG
Man Learns House I Burning and
Drives 4 0 Milea to Rescue Pet.
ANOKA. . Minn, Dec. 11. Anthony
Bryson drove an automobile 40 miles
In 45 minutes over froren country
roads to save his dog and cat from
fllBryson's home on Elk River took
fire while the owner and his wife were
away. He was called on the telephone,
and the race began. Bryson arrived
too late to save tbe home, but rescued
the pets.
MUSIC OF INDIANS IS
STUDIED IN RESEARCH
Bureau of Ethnology Declares That Human Interest Is Evident in Songs
of Aborigines and That They "Are Not Petrified Specimens."
p'jrmou-.h nocks...
frn ara
Brat p-l
ftvantlottae .......
--n av.iaa
P-.t prn
priot l.l.nd Red.
I'an tvrrmfr ......
Uthnmi
f'.n a v-wrage ......
p p. a
Mtorr'lanaoue .....
P..O l"Ti
. Total
fan aeree
Ec
, 1
1
13.
SO
1
SI
1
t
II
I.
e.
mi
..no
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ovi
4T2
..2
.
as
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.117 4
. 1.4M
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egx p-r dx.
1. .-.
l...-"
1.4:
1.l1
1.41
1.40O
l.iwl-
l.'il'S
1..VM
1..104
l.ino
1.51
1.S4I
I.J.T7
1,47
Valua of
of -.
47
3H..-.P
IT.M
41" ..'Id
41.
AO S2
J4T.M
M.SS
1.14. 4S
4.44
.-.3.21
312 HP
31. ao
13.0 14
Coat of
of feed
I ;i.v;o
11. si
i!.:o
1S2.HS
1S.S1
21. in
S70.::s
1S.02
5'. IS
lti.(7
1
11. M
litis
ltS T9 .
17.10
Return
Ibove cost.
S 23.ii
17.71
Ii).6:i
J.IT.SS
2:1. 71
39.71
277.31
1..V
8J0.O5
24.37
42.52
131.10
15.H
11.7O0.M .
21.27
W5HINGTON. Dec. 18. (Special.)
The Bureau of American
Ethnology under the Smithsonian
Institute at Washington has for many
years been conducting most interest
ing researches among the American
aborigines, or Indians, whose original
habitat 'included this whole country,
but is now limited to a few reserva
tions. This once great and powerful
race is rapidly becoming extinct and
but for the labors of this Government
bureau we would be Ignorant of many
of their interesting customs, arts and
industries, as well as their history
itself.
Among the researches carried on. a
studv of the music of the early owners
of this continent is being made by
Miss Frances Densmore. In this con
nection it was necessary to record
results in such a manner as to make
them available for reference and many
songs have been recorded phonograph
Ically. making a permanent and ac
curate record. These records ae sup
plemented by abundant field notes con
certng the musical performers them
selves, their surroundings and the cir
cumstances under which the songs were
rendered.
As each song is studied and analyzed,
the results obtained are found to be
much more than a simple collection
of Indian songs. They include some
thing of the human element, the
singer's personality, as well as the
technical analysis of his music, and
its division into melodic and harmonic
groups.
Music is a key to much of the eth
nology of the people, especially to all
that is sacred, their intimate feelings
finding expression in the beauty, hu
manity and poetry of their songs.
Thus far the study of Indian music
has Included five tribes, the Bureau
of American Ethnology having already
published two memoirs on Chippewa
music.
Some Are Generally Know a.
In referring to the songs in gen
eral. Miss . Densmore says that they
"are not petrified specimens; they are
alive with the warm blood of human
nature." Music seems to be one of
the Chippewas' greatest pleasures, ex
pressing every phase of their lives.
Some of the songs are generally
known, while others are the property
of a single person and transferable
only at his discretion, but usually
sold. Visiting Indians take pleasure
in learning new songs and bringing
them home with them. Certain of the
songs are to commemorate events,
others pertain to ceremonies or In
itiations into societies, while others are
connected with medicine, love, games
and dances.
Miss Densmore has collected about
1000 songs with the use of the phono
graph, provided with a specially con
structed recording horn and recorder
Great care in selecting the singers la
always' necessary to insure old and
Important songs: a good voice, as well
aa a free and natural rendition of
the song is dexired.
A. number of the songs obtained from
the Chippewas have to do with the be
lief in the Mide (Miday), or Grand Med
icine, which is their religion and
teaches many Found and practical doc
trines; that long life is coincident with
goodness, and that all evil Inevitably
reacts on the offender. The chief aim
of the Mide is to obtain health and
long life for its adherents, and music
forms an essential part of every means
to tha end.
No reference to war and no allusions
to enemies have been found thus far In
the Mide. Among other things, the
members of the cult are taught that
their membership docs not exempt
them from the consequences of their
sins. Lying, stealing and the use of
liquor are strictly forbidden.
Moat Song Handed Down.
Naturally, most of the songs are
handed down and learned by ear, but
great exactness Is required in singing
them. These particular Indians have a
method of recording their songs in
mnemonics on a strip of birch bark.
The record, which is little more than a
picture, serves as a reminder of the
essential Idea of the song, but leaves
the words to the memory of the singer,
or to his own ingenuity.
Besides the songs pertaining to the
Mide initiations and ceremonies of tbe
Chippewa, there are interesting songs
relating to religion, war, social dances
and daily life, healing of the sick,
hunting and other occupations bearing
upon the securing of food, and love.
In the latter classification one song
was sung In a coy and bashful manner
by an elderly, withered and dirty
woman of the tribe, at Red Lake reser
vation, who said the words meant
"What are you saying to me?" "I am
arrayed like the roses and beautiful as
they."
Dream Songa Collected.
This was a "charm song'" of the Mide.
and the diagram illustrating it crudely
depicts the head, neck and trunk of a
woman, with flowers blooming in her
heart. No further information could be
obtained from this singer, as the next
day she was threatened with calamity
by certain of her sisters if she contin
ued the singing. Later it was found
that this . song was known by other
members ofthe tribe, located at White
Earth, Minn., and a woman in that res
ervation recorded three other songs,
completing a series of four.
A number of songs known as dream
songs, collected on the White Earth
and Leech Lake reservations, are said
to have come to the minds of the In
dians when they were in dreams or
trances. These tongs have a strong
mental influence upon the Indians, to
whom the supernatural is very real.
No songs except those believed to be of
supernatural origin were used in the
treating of the sick, either with herbs
or by the use of "Jugglery." They
were all believed to be essential to a
cure, and could be sold by one "doctor"
to another.
Indian music, except for the songs of
daily life, is closely associated with
the supernatural, which is one reason
why IV is so closely guarded by them.